NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Hashimoto's thyroiditis or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease where the body's own antibodies attack the cells of the thyroid. Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ... The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) is a coding of diseases and signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or diseases, as classified by the World Health Organization (WHO). ... // E00-E35 - Endocrine diseases (E00-E07) Disorders of thyroid gland (E00) Congenital iodine-deficiency syndrome (E01) Iodine-deficiency-related thyroid disorders and allied conditions (E02) Subclinical iodine-deficiency hypothyroidism (E03) Other hypothyroidism (E030) Congenital hypothyroidism with diffuse goitre (E031) Congenital hypothyroidism without goitre (E032) Hypothyroidism due to medicaments and other... The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ... The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ... The Mendelian Inheritance in Man project is a database that catalogues all the known diseases with a genetic component, and - when possible - links them to the relevant genes in the human genome. ... The Disease Bold textDatabase is a free website that provides information about the relationships between medical conditions, symptoms, and medications. ... eMedicine is an online clinical medical knowledge base that was founded in 1996. ... Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. ... Autoimmune diseases arise from an overactive immune response of the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body. ... Each antibody binds to a specific antigen; an interaction similar to a lock and key. ... Drawing of the structure of cork as it appeared under the microscope to Robert Hooke from Micrographia which is the origin of the word cell. Cells in culture, stained for keratin (red) and DNA (green). ...

This disorder is believed to be the most common cause of primary hypothyroidism in North America. It occurs far more often in women than in men (10:1 to 20:1), and is most prevalent between 45 and 65 years of age. North America North America is a continent[1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ...

In European countries an atrophic form of autoimmune thyroiditis (Ord's thyroiditis) is more common than Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Atrophy is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the body. ... Autoimmune diseases arise from an overactive immune response of the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body. ... Thyroiditis is an inflammation of the thyroid gland. ...

Causes

A family history of thyroid disorders is common, with the HLA-DR5 gene most strongly implicated conferring a relative risk of 3 in the UK. HLA-DR antigens are a group of antigens in the Class II/HLA-D family which can be used as indicators of several different diseases (per MeSH): HLA-DR1 Antigen - unknown HLA-DR2 Antigen - Goodpasture syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and narcolepsy HLA-DR3 Antigen - celiac disease, Graves disease, dermatitis herpetiformis... In statistics and mathematical epidemiology, relative risk (RR) of an event associated with the exposure is a ratio of probability of outcome of interest in exposed group versus treatment group. ...

The genes implicated vary in different ethnic groups and the incidence is increased in patients with chromosomal disorders, including Turner's, Down, and Klinefelter's syndromes. Turner syndrome or Ullrich-Turner syndrome encompasses several chromosomal abnormalities, of which monosomy X is the most common. ... Down syndrome or trisomy 21 (usually Downs Syndrome in British English[1]) is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of an extra 21st chromosome. ... Not to be confused with XYY syndrome or XXX syndrome. ...

The underlying specifics of the immune system destruction of thyroid cells is not clearly understood. Various autoantibodies may be present against thyroid peroxidase, thyroglobulin and TSH receptors, although a small percentage of patients may have none of these antibodies present. A percentage of the population may also have these antibodies without developing Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Presentation

In many cases, Hashimoto's thyroiditis usually results in hypothyroidism, although in its acute phase, it can cause a transient thyrotoxic state. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Hyperthyroidism (or overactive thyroid gland) is the clinical syndrome caused by an excess of circulating free thyroxine (T4) or free triiodothyronine (T3), or both. ...

Physiologically, antibodies against thyroid peroxidase and/or thyroglobulin cause gradual destruction of follicles in the thyroid gland. Accordingly, the disease can be detected clinically by looking for these antibodies in the blood. It is also characterised by invasion of the thyroid tissue by leukocytes, mainly T-lymphocytes. It is associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Each antibody binds to a specific antigen; an interaction similar to a lock and key. ... Thyroid peroxidase is an enzyme (EC 1. ... Thyroglobulin is a protein secreted by the thyroid gland. ... In botany, a follicle is a type of simple dry fruit produced by certain flowering plants. ... White Blood Cells is also the name of a White Stripes album. ... T cells belong to a group of white blood cells known as lymphocytes and play a central role in cell-mediated immunity. ... Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a cancer arising from lymphocytes, a type of white blood cells. ...

Symptoms of Hashimoto's thyroiditis include symptoms of hypothyroidism and a goitre. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... A goitre (or goiter) (Latin struma), also called a bronchocele, is a swelling in the neck (just below Adams apple or larynx) due to an enlarged thyroid gland. ...

Treatment

Treatment is with daily thyroxine, with the sodium salt of thyroxine liothyronine given when the need to raise levels of circulating thyroxine is urgent. Thyroxine, or 3:5,3:5 tetraÂiodothyronine (often abbreviated as T4) is the major hormone secreted by the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. ...

Eponym

Also known as Hashimoto's disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis is named after the Japanese physician Hashimoto Hakaru (1881−1934) of the medical school at Kyushu University,^[1] who first described the symptoms in 1912 in a German publication^[2]. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 533 pixelsFull resolution (1536 Ã— 1024 pixel, file size: 303 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Ich machte dieses Foto von mir in 2006. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 533 pixelsFull resolution (1536 Ã— 1024 pixel, file size: 303 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Ich machte dieses Foto von mir in 2006. ... New Hospital bldg Campus of Maidashi area in prior to Greater East Asia War (This picture exists in Department of Medicine attachment library ) Kyushu University ), abbreviated to Kyudai ), is one of Japans most prestigious national universities and the largest public university on the island of KyÅ«shÅ«. It is... Hashimotos thyroiditis is the most common form of thyroiditis, an autoimmune disease where the bodys own antibodies fight the cells of the thyroid. ... Hashimoto Dori in Kyushu uni. ... New Hospital bldg Campus of Maidashi area in prior to Greater East Asia War (This picture exists in Department of Medicine attachment library ) Kyushu University ), abbreviated to Kyudai ), is one of Japans most prestigious national universities and the largest public university on the island of KyÅ«shÅ«. It is...

Noted sufferers

Vickie Lynn Marshall (November 28, 1967 â€“ February 8, 2007), better known under the stage name of Anna Nicole Smith,[1] was an American model, actress and celebrity. ...

References

Who Named It is a Norwegian database of several thousand eponymous medical signs and the doctors associated with their identification. ...

External links

Categories: Autoimmune diseases | Thyroid disease Main campus in downtown Rochester, Minnesota. ... Endocrinology is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the endocrine system and its specific secretions called hormones. ... Pathology (from Greek pathos, feeling, pain, suffering; and logos, study of; see also -ology) is the study of the processes underlying disease and other forms of illness, harmful abnormality, or dysfunction. ... Among the hundreds of endocrine diseases (or endocrinological diseases) are: Adrenal disorders: Adrenal insufficiency Addisons disease Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (adrenogenital syndrome) Mineralocorticoid deficiency Conns syndrome Cushings syndrome Pheochromocytoma Adrenocortical carcinoma Glucose homeostasis disorders: Diabetes mellitus Hypoglycemia Idiopathic hypoglycemia Insulinoma Metabolic bone disease: Osteoporosis Osteitis deformans (Pagets... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Cretinism (most likely from the Latin ChristiÄnum, Christian) is a condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth due to untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormones (hypothyroidism). ... Congenital hypothyroidism (CHT) is a condition of thyroid hormone deficiency present at birth. ... A goitre (or goiter) (Latin struma), also called a bronchocele, is a swelling in the neck (just below Adams apple or larynx) due to an enlarged thyroid gland. ... Hyperthyroidism (or overactive thyroid gland) is the clinical syndrome caused by an excess of circulating free thyroxine (T4) or free triiodothyronine (T3), or both. ... Graves disease is a thyroid disorder characterized by goiter, exophthalmos, orange-peel skin, and hyperthyroidism. ... Toxic multinodular goitre (also known as toxic nodular goitre, toxic nodular struma) is a form of hyperthyroidism - where there is excess production of thyroid hormones. ... Look up teratoma in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A teratoma is a type of tumor that derives from pluripotent germ cells. ... de Quervains thyroiditis, is also known as subacute granulomatous thyroiditis or subacute thyroiditis; usually occurs in women between 30 and 50 years of age. ... Riedels thyroiditis, also called Riedels struma is a chronic form of thyroiditis. ... Euthyroid sick syndrome is a thyroid hormone disorder where the levels of T3 and/or T4 are at unusual levels, but the thyroid gland does not appear to be dysfunctional. ... The pancreas is a gland organ in the digestive and endocrine systems of vertebrates[2]. It is both exocrine (secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes) and endocrine (producing several important hormones, including insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin). ... For the disease characterized by excretion of large amounts of very dilute urine, see diabetes insipidus. ... Diabetes mellitus type 1 (Type 1 diabetes, Type I diabetes, T1D, IDDM) is a form of diabetes mellitus. ... See diabetes mellitus for further general information on diabetes. ... Diabetic coma is a medical emergency in which a person with diabetes mellitus is comatose (unconscious) because of one of three acute complications of diabetes: Severe diabetic hypoglycemia Advanced diabetic ketoacidosis advanced enough to result in unconsciousness from a combination of severe hyperglycemia, dehydration and shock, and exhaustion Hyperosmolar nonketotic... Angiopathy is a disease of the blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries) that occurs when someone has diabetes for a long time. ... Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication in patients with untreated diabetes mellitus (chronic high blood sugar or hyperglycemia). ... Photomicrography of nodular glomerulosclerosis in Kimmelstein-Wilson syndrome. ... Diabetic neuropathies are neuropathic disorders that are associated with diabetes mellitus. ... Diabetic retinopathy is retinopathy (damage to the retina) caused by complications of diabetes mellitus, which could eventually lead to blindness. ... Hypoglycemia (hypoglycÃ¦mia in the UK) is a medical term referring to a pathologic state produced by a lower than normal level of sugar (glucose) in the blood. ... Hyperinsulism or hyperinsulinemia is a condition in which the bodys cells do not respond properly to insulin, the hormone that functions to control blood sugar levels. ... Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a disorder where increased levels of the hormone gastrin are produced, causing the stomach to produce excess hydrochloric acid. ... The four human parathyroid glands are adjacent to the thyroid. ... In medicine (endocrinology), hypoparathyroidism is decreased function of the parathyroid glands, leading to decreased levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH). ... Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a condition that mimics hypoparathyroidism, but is due to a resistance to parathyroid hormone, rather than a lack of the hormone (akin to the distinction between Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes. ... Hyperparathyroidism is overactivity of the parathyroid glands resulting in excess production of parathyroid hormone (PTH). ... Primary hyperparathyroidism causes hypercalcemia (elevated blood calcium levels) through the excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), usually by an adenoma (benign tumors) of the parathyroid glands. ... Secondary hyperparathyroidism refers to the excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by the parathyroid glands in response to hypocalcemia (low blood calcium levels) and associated hypertrophy of the glands. ... Tertiary hyperparathyroidism is a state of excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) after a long period of secondary hyperparathyroidism and resulting in hypercalcemia. ... The pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea that sits in a small, bony cavity (pituitary fossa) covered by a dural fold (sellar diaphragm) at the base of the brain. ... Acromegaly (from Greek akros high and megas large - extremities enlargement) is a hormonal disorder that results when the pituitary gland produces excess growth hormone (hGH). ... Prolactin is a hormone secreted by lactotropes in the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary gland) which is made up of 199 amino acids with a molecular weight of about 23,000 daltons. ... The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is a condition commonly found in the hospital population, especially in patients being hospitalized for central nervous system (CNS) injury. ... Hypopituitarism is a medical term describing deficiency (hypo) of one or more hormones of the pituitary gland. ... Sheehan syndrome, also known as postpartum hypopituitarism or postpartum pituitary necrosis, is hypopituitarism (decreased functioning of the pituitary gland), caused by necrosis due to blood loss and hypovolemic shock during and after childbirth. ... Kallmann syndrome is an example of hypogonadism (decreased functioning of the sex hormone-producing glands) caused by a deficiency of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which is created by the hypothalamus. ... Simmonds disease (also Simmonds syndrome) refers to panhypopituitarism caused by the destruction of the pituitary gland due to infiltrative processes (e. ... Growth hormone deficiency is the medical condition of inadequate production of growth hormone (GH) and its effects on children and adults. ... Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a disease characterized by excretion of large amounts of severely diluted urine, which cannot be reduced when fluid intake is reduced. ... Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction is a term to describe a nonorganic relative inactivity of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) system of the hypothalamus and its dependent pituitary gonadotrophs that normally produce follicle stimulating hormone, FSH, and luteinizing hormone, LH. The condition occurs during the reproductive years and leads to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. ... In mammals, the adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are the triangle-shaped endocrine glands that sit on top of the kidneys; their name indicates that position (ad-, near or at + -renes, kidneys). They are chiefly responsible for regulating the stress response through the synthesis of corticosteroids and catecholamines... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Pseudo-Cushings syndrome is a medical condition in which patients display the signs, symptoms, and abnormal hormone levels seen in Cushings syndrome. ... Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) refers to any of several autosomal recessive diseases resulting from defects in steps of the synthesis of cortisol from cholesterol by the adrenal glands. ... Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, in all its forms, accounts for about 95% of diagnosed cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and CAH in most contexts refers to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. ... Conns syndrome is overproduction of the mineralocorticoid hormone aldosterone by the adrenal glands. ... Bartter syndrome is a rare genetic disease characterized by low potassium levels (hypokalemia), decreased acidity of blood (alkalosis), and normal to low blood pressure. ... In medicine, adrenal insufficiency (or hypocortisolism) is the inability of the adrenal gland to produce adequate amounts of cortisol in response to stress. ... Addisons disease (also known as chronic adrenal insufficiency, hypocortisolism or hypocorticism) is a rare endocrine disorder in which the adrenal gland produces insufficient amounts of steroid hormones (glucocorticoids and often mineralocorticoids). ... In medicine (endocrinology), hypoaldosteronism refers to decreased levels of the hormone aldosterone. ... The gonad is the organ that makes gametes. ... Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS, also known clinically as Stein-Leventhal syndrome), is an endocrine disorder that affects approximately one in ten women. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Guevedoche. ... Hypogonadism is a medical term for a defect of the reproductive system which results in lack of function of the gonads (ovaries or testes). ... Puberty is described as delayed when a boy or girl has passed the usual age of onset of puberty with no physical or hormonal signs that it is beginning. ... Precocious puberty means early puberty. ... In medicine, autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes are a heterogenous group of rare diseases characterised by autoimmune activity against more than one endocrine organs, although non-endocrine organs can be affected. ... Carcinoid syndrome refers to the array of symptoms that occur secondary to carcinoid tumors. ... Laron syndrome is a disorder characterized by an insensitivity to growth hormone, caused by a variant of the growth hormone receptor. ... Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) (or multiple endocrine adenomas, or multiple endocrine adenomatosis -- MEA) consists of three syndromes featuring tumors of endocrine glands, each with its own characteristic pattern. ... Psychogenic dwarfism, Psychosocial dwarfism or Stress dwarfism is a growth disorder that is observed between the ages of 2 and 15, caused by extreme emotional deprivation or stress. ... Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS, or Androgen resistance syndrome) is a set of disorders of sexual differentiation that results from mutations of the gene encoding the androgen receptor. ... The term Progeria narrowly refers to Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria syndrome, but the term is also used more generally to describe any of the so-called accelerated aging diseases. The word progeria is derived from the Greek for prematurely old. Because the accelerated aging diseases display different aspects of aging, but...