State of Israel  Geography Land of Israel · Districts · Cities Transport · Mediterranean · Red Sea Judea and Samaria · Sea of Galilee Jerusalem · Tel Aviv · Haifa Image File history File links COA_of_Israel. ... Anthem: Hatikvah (The Hope) Capital  Jerusalem Largest city Jerusalem Official languages Hebrew, Arabic Government Parliamentary democracy  - President Moshe Katsav1  - Prime Minister Ehud Olmert  - Knesset Speaker Dalia Itzik Independence from the League of Nations mandate administered by the United Kingdom   - Declaration 14 May 1948 (05 Iyar 5708)  Area  - Total 20,770... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Kingdom of Israel: Early ancient historical Israel — land in pink is the approximate area under direct central royal administration during the United Monarchy. ... Map of the districts of Israel Population density by geographic region, sub-district and district (thicker border indicates higher tier). ... 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Jewish and Israeli Music (main article)
Religious music:
Historical • Contemporary Piyyut • Nigun • Pizmonim Zemirot • Baqashot
Secular music:
Israeli • Israeli Folk Klezmer • Sephardic • Mizrahi
Not Jewish in Form: Classical • Mainstream and Jazz
Dance:
Israeli Folk Dancing • Ballet Horah • Hava Nagila • Yemenite dance
Music for Holidays
Chanukah • Passover • Shabbat
Israel
Hatikvah • Jerusalem of Gold
Piyyutim
Adon Olam • Geshem • Lekhah Dodi Ma'oz Tzur • Yedid Nefesh • Yigdal
Music of the Haggadah
Ma Nishtana • Dayenu • Adir Hu Chad Gadya • Echad Mi Yodea

Hatikvah (Hebrew: הַתִּקְוָה, “The Hope”, Arabic transliteration هاتكفا), sometimes styled HaTikva(h), is the national anthem of Israel. The anthem was written by Naftali Herz Imber, a secular Galician Jew, and who moved to Palestine in the early 1880s. The anthem's underlying message is about "hope," the wish of the Zionists that they would someday attain national independence in the Land of Israel. Jewish music, the music of Jews, is quite diverse and dates back thousands of years. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Image File history File links Star_of_David. ... Jewish music, the music of Jews, is quite diverse and dates back thousands of years. ... Image File history File links Star_of_David. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... This article is about the sacred and religious music of Judaism from Biblical to Modern times. ... This article is about the sacred and religious music of Judaism from Biblical to Modern times. ... This article is about contemporary Jewish religious music. ... A piyyut (plural piyyutim, Hebrew פיוט, IPA [pijút] and [pijutím]) is a Jewish liturgical poem, usually designated to be sung, chanted, or recited during religious services. ... Nigun (pl. ... Pizmonim (Hebrew פזמונים, singular pizmon) are traditional Jewish songs and melodies that praise God. ... Negara Israel akan tetap ada, namun bangsa Jahudi harus bertobat dahulu, agar Mesias dapat memerintah di bumi, di Yerusalem. ... This article is about a type of Jewish religious music, Baqashot. ... See Secular Jewish culture for the main article on secular Jewish culture. ... Modern Israeli music is heavily influenced by its constituents, which include Jewish immigrants (see Jewish music) from more than 120 countries around the world, which have brought their own musical traditions, making Israel a global melting pot. ... Klezmer (from Yiddish כּלי־זמיר, etymologically from Hebrew kli zemer כלי זמר, musical instrument) is a musical tradition which parallels Hasidic and Ashkenazic Judaism. ... The Sephardic Jews are one of the three main ethnicities among Diaspora Jews, the others being the Ashkenazi and Mizrahi. ... :This article is about the music of the Mizrahi Jews. ... See Secular Jewish culture for the main article on secular Jewish culture. ... See Secular Jewish culture for the main article on secular Jewish culture. ... See Secular Jewish culture for the main article on secular Jewish culture. ... See Secular Jewish culture for the main article on secular Jewish culture. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... See Secular Jewish culture for the main article on secular Jewish culture. ... Hora is the name of a circle dance in a number of countries. ... Hava Nagila (הבא נגילה in hebrew) is a Hebrew folk song, the title meaning Let us rejoice. ... In Yemen, where Jews were banned from dancing publicly, forms of dance evolved that are based on stationary hopping and posturing, such as can be done in a confined space. ... Chanukah music contains several songs associated with the festival of Chanukah. ... It has been suggested that Dayenu and Had Gadia be merged into this article or section. ... :This article is about a type of Jewish religious music, Zemirot. ... Jerusalem of Gold (‎, Yerushalayim Shel Zahav) is a popular Israeli song written by Naomi Shemer in 1967. ... A piyyut (plural piyyutim, Hebrew פיוט, IPA [pijút] and [pijutím]) is a Jewish liturgical poem, usually designated to be sung, chanted, or recited during religious services. ... Adon Olam, with transliterated lyrics and melody, from the Jewish Encyclopedia. ... Geshem (גשם) is one of the Hebrew words for rain, applied mostly to the heavy rains which occur in Israel in the fall and winter. ... Lekhah Dodi (לכה דודי transliterated as Lecha Dodi, Lchah Dodi, Lekah Dodi or Lechah Dodi) is a Hebrew liturgical song recited Friday at dusk, usually at sundown, in synagogue to welcome Shabbat (the Jewish Sabbath) prior to the Maariv evening services. ... Maoz Tzur (Hebrew: מעוז צור), widely known in English as Rock of Ages, is a Jewish liturgical poem or piyyut. ... Yedid Nefesh is a name of a piyyut. ... The hymn which in the various rituals shares with Adon Olam the place of honor at the opening of the morning and the close of the evening service. ... It has been suggested that Dayenu and Had Gadia be merged into this article or section. ... Main article: Passover songs Ma Nishtana (Hebrew: מה נשתנה) are the four questions sung during the Passover seder. ... Main article: Passover songs Dayenu (Hebrew:) is a song that is part of the Jewish holiday of Passover. ... Main article: Passover songs Adir Hu (English: Mighty is He, Hebrew אדיר הוּא) is a hymn sung by Jews worldwide at the Passover Seder. ... Main article: Passover songs Chad Gadya (Aramaic: חַד גַדְיָה) is a playful cumulative song, written in Aramaic with Hebrew words interspersed. ... Main article: Passover songs Echad Mi Yodea (Yiddish: Mandabar uma nsapar) (Hebrew: אחד מי יודע echad mi yodea) (Who Knows One?) is a traditional cumulative song sung on Passover and found in the haggadah. ... “Hebrew” redirects here. ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is evoking and eulogising the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognised either by a countrys government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ... Naftali Herz Imber ( Hebrew:  ; Yiddish: ; 1856 - October 8, 1909) was a Jewish poet and Zionist who wrote the lyrics of Hatikvah, the national anthem of Israel. ... For other uses, see Galicia. ... The Holy Land or Palestine Showing not only the Old Kingdoms of Judea and Israel but also the 12 Tribes Distinctly, and Confirming Even the Diversity of the Locations of their Ancient Positions and Doing So as the Holy Scriptures Indicate, a geographic map from the studio of Tobiae Conradi... Kingdom of Israel: Early ancient historical Israel — land in pink is the approximate area under direct central royal administration during the United Monarchy. ...

History

Historical background

Writing

The text of Hatikvah was written by the Galician-Jewish poet Naftali Herz Imber in Zolochiv (Ukraine) in 1878 as a nine-stanza poem named Tikvatenu (“Our Hope”). It was supposed to be an expression of his thoughts and feelings following the construction of one of the first Jewish settlements in Israel, Petach Tikva. Published in Imber's first book, Barkay (Hebrew: ברקאי‎), the poem was subsequently adopted as the anthem of Hovevei Zion and later of the Zionist Movement at the First Zionist Congress in 1897. The melody (of folk origin) was arranged by Samuel Cohen, an immigrant from Moldavia. The text was later revised by the settlers of Rishon LeZion, subsequently undergoing a number of other changes. For other uses, see Galicia. ... For other uses, see Jew (disambiguation). ... The poor poet A poet is a person who writes poetry. ... Naftali Herz Imber ( Hebrew:  ; Yiddish: ; 1856 - October 8, 1909) was a Jewish poet and Zionist who wrote the lyrics of Hatikvah, the national anthem of Israel. ... Zolochiv (Ukrainian: ; Polish: ; Russian: , translit. ... 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... In poetry, a stanza is a unit within a larger poem. ... Poetry (ancient Greek: poieo = create) is an art form in which human language is used for its aesthetic qualities in addition to, or instead of, its notional and semantic content. ... Petah-Tikva (פתח-תקוה, also transliterated as Petach Tikva, Petaḥ Tiqwa or Petach Tiqwa) is a city in the west of the Center District of Israel Israel, north-east of Tel Aviv. ... “Hebrew” redirects here. ... An anthem is a composition to an English religious text sung in the context of an Anglican service. ... Hovevei Zion (transliterated Hebrew, alternatively Hibbat Zion; English translation: Lovers of Zion) organizations are considered the forerunner and foundation of the modern Zionist movement. ... This article is about Zionism as a movement, not the History of Israel. ... The World Zionist Organization [WZO] was founded as the Zionist Organization [ZO] on September 3, 1897, at the First Zionist Congress held in Basel, Switzerland. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Samuel Cohen was a composer. ... For other uses of Moldavia or Moldova, see Moldova (disambiguation). ... Rishon Le Zion in 2002 Rishon LeZion, or Rishon LeZiyyon (ראשון לציון) is a city in Israel, on the central coastal strip, in the Center District of Israel, just south of Tel Aviv, and part of the Tel Aviv metropolitan area (Gush...

Declaration of the State of Israel

When the State of Israel was declared in 1948, HaTikvah was unofficially proclaimed the national anthem. It did not become the official anthem until November 2004, when it was sanctioned by the Knesset in an amendment to the “Flag and Coat-of-Arms Law” (now called “The Flag, Coat-of-Arms, and National Anthem Law”). David Ben Gurion (First Prime Minister of Israel) publicly pronouncing the Declaration of the State of Israel, May 14, 1948. ... Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Type Unicameral Speaker of the Knesset Dalia Itzik, Kadima since May 4, 2006 Deputy Speaker Majalli Wahabi, Kadima since May 4, 2006 Members 120 Political groups Kadima Labour-Meimad Shas Likud Last elections March 28, 2006 Meeting place Knesset, Jerusalem, Israel Web site www. ...

In its modern rendering, the text of the anthem includes only the first stanza and refrain of the original poem. The most significant element in the additional stanzas (in addition to the hope of returning to Zion, a hope being seen as fulfilled) is the establishment of a sovereign and free nation in Eretz Yisrael. Zion (Hebrew: צִיּוֹן, tziyyon; Tiberian vocalization: tsiyyôn; transliterated Zion or Sion) is a term that most often designates the Land of Israel and its capital Jerusalem. ... Self-determination is a principle in international law that a people ought to be able to determine their own governmental forms and structure free from outside influence. ... The Land of Israel (Hebrew: Eretz Yisrael) refers to the land making up the ancient Jewish Kingdoms of Israel and Judah. ...

Rav Kook's objection to Hatikvah on religious grounds

Zev Rosenfeld writes: "Rav Kook heard Hatikvah, did not care for it, and disagreed with the attitude that it conveyed. ... Rav Kook wrote an alternate poem called 'Haemunah' (The Loyalty), which is the country's second unofficial national anthem, moreover in direct response to Hatikvah, entitled Ha'Emunah. He hoped that it would ultimately replace Hatikvah as the national anthem... Abraham Isaac Kook (1864 - 1935) was the first Ashkenazi chief rabbi of the British Mandate for Palestine, the founder of the (now) Religious Zionist Yeshiva Merkaz HaRav, and a renowned Torah scholar. ...

"It is clear that Imber and Rav Kook zt”l subscribe to two very different outlooks on Zionism. Typical secular Zionists of the late nineteenth century did not attribute any religious aspects to their dream of creating a Zionist movement to return to Eretz Yisrael . They were tired of persecution and anti-Semitism. The only hope was to rely on those courageous individuals who could stand up on their own two feet and breathe life into the dying nation. The only logical place to dream of such a rebirth is the land with common history for all the Jews, Eretz Yisrael. However, if this proved impossible, other options might suffice. This is clearly the message behind Imber's Hatikvah - the last hope for survival."[1]

Non-Jewish citizens

The anthem is generally rejected by the religious minorities and the Arab Palestinian national minority in Israel. Written as a Zionist anthem, many non-Jewish citizens find it difficult to accept. Particularly, the specific reference to the yearnings of "a Jewish soul" is often cited as making the text impossible for a non-Jew to identify with the text. Notably, Raleb Majadele, the first Israeli-Arab appointed as a member of the Israeli government in January 2007, refuses to sing the anthem, stating that the song was written for Jews only.^[1] Raleb Majadele (also spelt Ghaleb Majadele; Arabic: غالب مجادلة, Hebrew: ראלב מגאדלה, born April 5, 1953 in Baqa al-Gharbiyye [1]) is an Israeli politician. ... Arab citizens of Israel, Arabs of Israel or Arab population of Israel are terms used by Israeli authorities and Israeli Hebrew-speaking media to refer to non-Jewish Arabs who are citizens of the State of Israel. ...

Also some Left-wing Jewish Israelis have expressed reservations about the text, and on various occasions proposals were made to replace it, adapt or change the text, or compose a second anthem with words which all citizens of Israel could find acceptable. However, so far no such proposal has come near to acceptance.

Music

The melody for Hatikva is based on “La Mantovana,” a 16th century Italian song. Its earliest known appearance in print was in early 17th-century Italy as “Ballo di Mantova.” This melody gained wide currency in Renaissance Europe, being recorded variously as the Spanish hymn “Virgen de la Cueva” (“Virgin of the Cave”), the Yiddish folk song “Prayer for the Dew,” the Polish folk song “Pod Krakowem,” and as the Ukrainian “Kateryna Kucheryava.” This melody had been famously used by Bedřich Smetana in his symphonic poem “Má vlast” as “Die Moldau.” (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... Yiddish (ייִדיש, Jiddisch) is a Germanic language spoken by about four million Jews throughout the world. ... Portrait of BedÅ™ich Smetana BedÅ™ich Smetana (pronounced ; 2 March 1824 - 12 May 1884) was a Czech composer. ... Má vlast (traditionally translated as My Country or more literally My Fatherland) is a set of six symphonic poems composed between 1874 and 1879 by the Czech composer BedÅ™ich Smetana. ...

The modern adaptation of the music for Hatikvah is assumed to be composed by Samuel Cohen in 1888. He himself recalled many years later that he had adapted the melody from a Moldavian folk-song, possibly “Carul cu boi” (“Carriage with Oxen”) which shares many structural elements with Hatikva. Samuel Cohen was a composer. ... For the toll-free telephone number see Toll-free telephone number Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1927 map of Bessarabia from Charles Upson Clarks book Bessarabia (Basarabia in Romanian, Бесарабія in Ukrainian, Бессарабия in Russian, Бесарабия in Bulgarian, Besarabya in Turkish) is a historical term for the geographic entity in Eastern Europe bounded by the Dniester River on the East and the Prut River on the West. ...

Hatikvah is written in a minor key, which is often perceived as mournful in tone and thus rarely used in national anthems. However, as the title (“The Hope”) and the words suggest, the import of the song is uplifting and optimistic in spirit. A minor scale in musical theory is a diatonic scale whose third scale degree is an interval of a minor third above the tonic. ...

Current text

Below is the current text (first stanza and the amended refrain of the original nine-stanza poem) in Hebrew, along with a transliteration and translation. “Hebrew” redirects here. ... Transliteration is the practice of transcribing a word or text written in one writing system into another writing system. ... Look up translate in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Some people compare the first line of the refrain, “Our hope is not yet lost” (עוד לא אבדה תקוותנו), to the opening of the Polish national anthem, Poland is not yet Lost (Jeszcze Polska nie zginęła) or to the Ukrainian national anthem Ukraine has not yet Perished (Ще не вмерла Україна, Šče ne vmerla Ukraïna). However, this line is considered to be a Biblical allusion to Ezekiel’s “Vision of the Dried Bones” (Ezekiel 37): “…Behold, they say, Our bones are dried, and our hope is lost”), describing the despair of the Jewish people in exile, and God’s promise to redeem them and lead them back to the Land of Israel.There is however no proof for this connection, and the Polish allusion is obviously much more convincing given Imber's background. For other uses, see Jew (disambiguation). ... Zion (Hebrew: צִיּוֹן, tziyyon; Tiberian vocalization: tsiyyôn; transliterated Zion or Sion) is a term that most often designates the Land of Israel and its capital Jerusalem. ... For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ... Mazurek Dąbrowskiego (Dąbrowskis Mazurka) is the Polish national anthem written by Józef Wybicki in 1797. ... Ukraines glory has not perished (Ukrainian: Ще не вмерла Україна) is the national anthem of Ukraine. ... This Gutenberg Bible is displayed by the United States Library. ... Allusion is a figure of speech, in which one refers covertly or indirectly to an object or circumstance that has occurred or existed in an external content. ... Ezekiel (Hebrew: יחזקאל, ) is a prophet in the Hebrew Bible of the Book of Ezekiel. ... Book Of Ezekiel is rapper Freekey Zekeys debut album and debut on Diplomat Records/Asylum. ... Kingdom of Israel: Early ancient historical Israel — land in pink is the approximate area under direct central royal administration during the United Monarchy. ...

Hatikvah is relatively short; indeed it is a single complex sentence, consisting of two clauses. The subordinate clause posits the condition (“As long as…A soul still yearns…And…An eye still watches…), while the independent clause specifies the outcome (“Our hope has not yet been lost…To be a free nation in our own homeland”). A complex sentence is a sentence with an independent clause and at least one dependent clause (subordinating clause). ... A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) cannot stand alone as a sentence. ... In grammar, an independent clause (or main clause) is a clause that can stand by itself as a grammatically viable simple sentence. ...

For other uses, see Jew (disambiguation). ... Zion (Hebrew: צִיּוֹן, tziyyon; Tiberian vocalization: tsiyyôn; transliterated Zion or Sion) is a term that most often designates the Land of Israel and its capital Jerusalem. ... This article is about the Biblical king of Israel. ... The wall by night “Wailing Wall” redirects here. ... A stone (2. ... The Sea of Galilee or Lake Kinneret (Hebrew ים כנרת), is Israels largest freshwater lake. ... For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ...

Media

Image File history File links Hatikvah_instrumental. ... USN redirects here. ... Image File history File links BergenBelsenHatikva. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... is the 110th day of the year (111th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... Bergen-Belsen, sometimes referred to as just Belsen, was a German concentration camp in the Nazi era. ... It has been suggested that Internment be merged into this article or section. ...

References

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 129th day of the year (130th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Links

• Hatikva article from the Jewishvirtuallibrary