Hattusha: the Hittite Capital*
UNESCO World Heritage Site
State Party	Turkey
Type	Culturalhsfderhiufgknfgmnaklfsguirtusotuasdfopgjwghswfgilr. ♥♥☻ A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (877x573, 122 KB) The Lion Gate at Hattusa, Turkey. ... As of 2006, there are a total of 830 World Heritage Sites located in 138 State Parties. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Turkey. ... frefrbgjhBSD.UG
Criteria	i, ii, iii, iv
Reference	377
Region†	Europe and North America
Inscription History
Inscription	1986  (10th Session)
* Name as inscribed on World Heritage List. † Region as classified by UNESCO.

Hattusa (^URUḪa-at-tu-ša 𒌷𒄩𒀜𒌅𒊭; Ḫattuša) was the capital of the Hittite Empire. The site is located near the modern-day town and district center of Boğazkale ( 40°01′11″N, 34°36′55″E), formerly named Boğazköy, in Çorum Province in north-east Central Anatolia, Turkey, at a distance of 90 km from the province seat of Çorum. The region is set in a loop of the Kızıl River (Marashantiya in Hittite sources and Halys in Classical Antiquity) in central Anatolia, about 200 km (125 miles) east of Ankara. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State... This is a list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Europe. ... A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State... Hittites is the conventional English-language term for an ancient people who spoke an Indo-European language and established a kingdom centered in Hattusa (the modern village of Boğazköy in todayss north-central Turkey), through most of the second millennium BC. The Hittite kingdom, which at... BoÄŸazkale (formerly known as BoÄŸazköy,Boghazkoy or Hattusas) is a district of Çorum Province, in central Anatolia, Turkey. ... BoÄŸazkale (formerly known as BoÄŸazköy,Boghazkoy or Hattusas) is a district of Çorum Province, in central Anatolia, Turkey. ... External links çankırı haberleri Categories: | ... Central Anatolia Region Central Anatolia Region (İç Anadolu Bölgesi) // Central Anatolia Region Aksaray Province Ankara Province Çankiri Province EskiÅŸehir Province Karaman Province Kayseri Province Kirikkale Province KırÅŸehir Province Konya Province NevÅŸehir Province NiÄŸde Province Sivas Province Yozgat Province Provinces of Turkey Category: ... Çorum is a town in the Corum Province of Turkey. ... The Kızıl River (Turkish: , Red River; ancient Greek: Άλυς Halys) is the longest river in Turkey. ... In the Aeneid, Halys is a Trojan who defends Aeneas camp from a Rutullian attack. ... Classical antiquity is a broad term for a long period of cultural history centered on the Mediterranean Sea, which begins roughly with the earliest-recorded Greek poetry of Homer (7th century BC), and continues through the rise of Christianity and the fall of the Western Roman Empire (5th century AD... Anatolia and Europe Anatolia (Turkish: from Greek: Ανατολία - Anatolia) is a peninsula of Western Asia which forms the greater part of the Asian portion of Turkey, as opposed to the European portion (Thrace, or traditionally Rumelia). ... Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the countrys second largest city after Ä°stanbul. ...

Hattusa was added to the UNESCO World Heritage list in 1986. Elabana Falls is in Lamington National Park, part of the Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves World Heritage site in Queensland, Australia. ... Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ...

The surroundings

The landscape surrounding the city included rich agricultural fields, hill lands for pasture, as well as woods. Smaller woods are still found outside the city but in ancient times there were much more. This meant the inhabitants had a great supply for timber when building their houses and other structures. The fields provided the people with a subsistence of wheat, barley and lentils. Linen was also harvested , but their primary source for clothing was wool from sheep. They also hunted deer in the forest, but this was probably only a pleasure by the nobility. The source for meat was domesticated animals. There were several other settlements in the vicinity, such as the rock shrine at Yazılıkaya and the town at Alacahöyük. Since the rivers in the area are too small and unsuitable for major ships, all transport to and from Hattusa had to go by land. Rock carving depicting god Sharruma and King Tudhaliya dated to around 1250 - 1220 BC. Yazilikaya (Turkish: Yazılıkaya for inscribed rock) is a sanctuary of Hattusa, the capital city of the Hittite Empire, today in the Çorum Province, Turkey. ... Alaça Höyük is a village in the Çorum Province, Turkey, located 170 km east of Ankara. ...

Early history of the city

Twelve Hittite Gods of the Underworld in the nearby Yazılıkaya, a sanctuary of Hattusa

Before 2000 BC a settlement of the apparently indigenous Hatti people was established on sites that had been occupied even earlier.^[1] The earliest traces of settlement on the site is from the Sixth Millennium BC. In the 19th and 18th centuries BC, merchants from Ashur in Assyria established a trading post here, setting up in their own separate quarter of the city. The center of their trade network was located in Kanesh (Neša), the archaeological site known as Kültepe near Kayseri. Business dealings required record-keeping: the trade network from Ashur introduced writing to Hattusa, in the form of cuneiform. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 362 pixelsFull resolution (2182 × 987 pixel, file size: 476 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 362 pixelsFull resolution (2182 × 987 pixel, file size: 476 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Rock carving depicting god Sharruma and King Tudhaliya dated to around 1250 - 1220 BC. Yazilikaya (Turkish: Yazılıkaya for inscribed rock) is a sanctuary of Hattusa, the capital city of the Hittite Empire, today in the Çorum Province, Turkey. ... (3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC) Events 2064 – 1986 BC -- Twin Dynasty wars in Egypt. ... Hatti is the reconstructed ancient name of a region in Anatolia inhabited by the Hattians between the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC, and later by the Hittites, who were at the height of their power ca 1400 BC–1200 BC. The capital city of both peoples was Hattusa (modern... EGGS! ... // Events 1787 - 1784 BC -- Amorite conquests of Uruk and Isin 1786 BC -- Egypt: Queen Sobekneferu died. ... Ashurism (Hebrew: ‎; Akkadian: ), was the second son of Shem, the son of Noah. ... In the Middle Bronze Age Assyria was a region on the Upper Tigris river, named for its original capital, the ancient city of Assur (Akkadian: ; Hebrew: , Aramaic: ). Later, as a nation and empire that came to control all of the Fertile Crescent, Egypt and much of Anatolia, the term Assyria... Kültepe is the modern Turkish name for an ancient city in central eastern Anatolia, also called Kârum Kanesh merchant-colony city of Kanes in Assyrian (rendered Karum KaniÅŸ in Turkish). ... Kayseri (Greek: Καισάρεια), in the antiquity Mazaka and later Caesarea, is an industrialized city in Turkey. ... Cuneiform script The Cuneiform script is one of the earliest known forms of written expression. ...

A carbonized layer in the excavations records the burning and ruin of the city of Hattush around 1700 BC. The responsible party appears to have been King Anitta from Kushar (a city possibly to be identified with Alişar), who took credit for the act and erected an inscribed curse for good measure: (Redirected from 1700 BC) (18th century BC - 17th century BC - 16th century BC - other centuries) (1690s BC - 1680s BC - 1670s BC - 1660s BC - 1650s BC - 1640s BC - 1630s BC - 1620s BC - 1610s BC - 1600s BC - 1590s BC - other decades) (3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC) Events 1700... Anitta, son of Pithana, was a pre-Empire king of the Hittites. ... AliÅŸar is a village in the Yozgat Province, Turkey. ...

Yenicekale, between the Lion Gate and the outer city

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (590x701, 114 KB) The building complex Yenicekale at Hattusa, Turkey. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (590x701, 114 KB) The building complex Yenicekale at Hattusa, Turkey. ...

The Hittite imperial city

Only a generation later, a Hittite-speaking king had chosen the site as his residence and capital. The Hittite Language had been gaining speakers at Hattic's expense for some time. The Hattic "Hattus" now became Hittite "Hattusa", and the king took the name of Hattusili I, the "one from Hattusa." Hattusili marked the beginning of a non-Hattic-speaking "Hittite" state, and of a royal line of Hittite Great Kings - 27 of whom are now known by name. Hittite is the extinct language once spoken by the Hittites, a people who created an empire centered on ancient Hattusas (modern Boğazkale) in north-central Anatolia (modern Turkey). ... The word Hattic may refer to: An ancient people of Anatolia, the Hattians. ... Labarna II was the first king of the Hittite empire to reign from Hattusa (while the earlier kings had been at Neša), and taking the throne name of Hattusili I on that occasion. ...

After the Kaskas arrived to the kingdom's north, they twice attacked the city to the point where the kings had to move the royal seat to another city. Under Tudhaliya I, the Hittites moved north to Sapinuwa, returning later. Under Muwatalli II, they moved south to Tarhuntassa but assigned Hattusili III as governor over Hattusa. Mursili III returned the seat to Hattusa, where the kings remained until the end of the Hittites. The Kaskas (also Kaskians or Gasgas) are an ancient people of Anatolia, known from Hittite sources. ... See Tudhaliya for the (unnumbered) pre-Empire Hittite king. ... Sapinuwa or Shapinuwa was a Bronze Age Hittite city, at the site of Ortaköy, Çorum in Turkey. ... Muwatalli II was a king of the New kingdom of the Hittite empire (1295–1272 BC). ... Tarhuntassa is an as-yet undiscovered Bronze Age city south of Hattusa. ... Hattusili III was a king of the Hittite empire (New kingdom) 1265 BC–1235 BC. He was the commander of Hittite forces in 1274 BC that defeated an Egyptian campign into Syria in the famous Battle of Kadesh. ... Mursili III or Urhi-Yeshub was a king of the Hittite empire (New kingdom) for 7 Years between 1272 BC–1265 BC. He was ousted from power by his uncle, Hattusili III. During his reign, the Assyrians captured Hanigalbat and this event severely weakened his legitimacy to rule the Empire. ...

At its peak, the city covered 1.8 km² and comprised an inner and outer portion, both surrounded by a massive and still visible course of walls erected during the reign of Suppiluliuma I (circa 1375 BC-1335 BC). The inner city covered an area of some 0.8 km² it was occupied by a citadel with large administrative buildings and temples. Suppiluliuma I (Shuppiluliuma) was king of the Hittites (ca. ... (Redirected from 1375 BC) Centuries: 15th century BC - 14th century BC - 13th century BC Decades: 1420s BC 1410s BC 1400s BC 1390s BC 1380s BC - 1370s BC - 1360s BC 1350s BC 1340s BC 1330s BC 1320s BC Events and Trends Significant People The end of the rule of Amenophis III... (Redirected from 1335 BC) Centuries: 15th century BC - 14th century BC - 13th century BC Decades: 1380s BC 1370s BC 1360s BC 1350s BC 1340s BC - 1330s BC - 1320s BC 1310s BC 1300s BC 1290s BC 1280s BC Events and Trends Significant People 1338 BC - Queen Tiy of Egypt, Chief Queen...

The Great Temple in the inner city

To the south lay an outer city of about 1 km², with elaborate gateways decorated with reliefs showing warriors, lions, and sphinxes. Four temples were located here, each set around a porticoed courtyard, together with secular buildings and residential structures. Outside the walls are cemeteries, most of which contain cremation burials. Modern estimates put the population of the city between 40,000 to 50,000 at the peak. In the early period the inner city housed a third that number. The dwelling houses which were built by timber and mud bricks have vanished from the site leaving only the stone-built-walls of temples and palaces. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (809x333, 95 KB) The Great Temple (temple 1) and its storerooms at Hattusa, Turkey. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (809x333, 95 KB) The Great Temple (temple 1) and its storerooms at Hattusa, Turkey. ...

The city was destroyed around 1200 BC, as part of the Bronze Age collapse, leading to the collapse of the Hittite empire. The site was subsequently abandoned until the mid 1st millennium BC. There are several Phrygian settlements at the site. (Redirected from 1200 BC) Centuries: 14th century BC - 13th century BC - 12th century BC Decades: 1250s BC 1240s BC 1230s BC 1220s BC 1210s BC - 1200s BC - 1190s BC 1180s BC 1170s BC 1160s BC 1150s BC Events and Trends 1204 BC - Theseus, legendary King of Athens is deposed after... The Bronze Age collapse is the name of the period of history of the Ancient Middle East extending between the collapse of the Hittite and Egyptian Empires in Anatolia, Syria and Palestine between 1206 and 1150 BCE, down to the rise of settled Aramaean kingdoms of the mid 10th century... The 1st millennium BC encompasses the Iron Age and sees the rise of successive empires. ... In antiquity, Phrygia (Greek: ) was a kingdom in the west central part of the Anatolian Highland, part of modern Turkey. ...

The Yerkapi rampart in the south

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (588x874, 178 KB) The Yerkapi rampart at Hattusa, Turkey. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (588x874, 178 KB) The Yerkapi rampart at Hattusa, Turkey. ...

Discovery of the city

Ernest Chantre opened some trial trenches at the village then called Boğazköy, in 1893-94.^[2] Since 1906, the Deutsche Orientgesellschaft has been excavating at Hattusa (with breaks during the two World Wars and the Depression, 1913-31 and 1940-51). Archaeological work is still carried out by the German Archaeological Institute (Deutsches Archäologische Institut). Hugo Winckler and Theodor Makridi Bey conducted the first excavations 1906, 1907 and 1911-13, which were resumed in 1931 under Kurt Bittel, followed by Peter Neve (site director 1963; general director 1978-94).^[3] One of the most important discoveries at the site has been the cuneiform royal archives of clay tablets, consisting of official correspondence and contracts, as well as legal codes, procedures for cult ceremony, oracular prophecies and literature of the ancient Near East. One particularly important tablet details the terms of a peace settlement between the Hittites and the Egyptians under Ramesses II, circa 1283 BC. A copy is on display in the United Nations in New York as an example of one of the earliest known international peace treaties. 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The German Archaeological Institute (German: , DAI) is one of the worlds leading archaeological research institutions, and a scientific corporation under the auspices of the German Foreign Office. ... Hugo Winckler (July 4, 1863, Gräfenhainchen, Saxony — April 19, 1913, Berlin) was a German archaeologist and historian who uncovered the capital of the Hittite Empire at Bogazkoy, Turkey. ... Usermaatre-setepenre The Justice of Re is Powerful, Chosen of Re Nomen Ramesses (meryamun) Born of Re, (Beloved of Amun) Horus name [2] Kanakht Merymaa Golden Horus [2] Userrenput-aanehktu[1] Consort(s) Henutmire, Isetnofret, Nefertari Maathorneferure Issue Bintanath, Khaemweset, Merneptah, Amun-her-khepsef, Meritamen see also: List of children... (Redirected from 1283 BC) Centuries: 14th century BC - 13th century BC - 12th century BC Decades: 1330s BC 1320s BC 1310s BC 1300s BC 1290s BC - 1280s BC - 1270s BC 1260s BC 1250s BC 1240s BC 1230s BC Events and Trends 1285 BC - Battle of Kadesh: Rameses II, Pharaoh of Egypt... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... “NY” redirects here. ...

Although the 30,000 or so clay tablets recovered from Hattusa form the main corpus of Hittite literature, archives have since appeared at other centers in Anatolia, such as Tabigga/Maşat Höyük (in Tokat Province) and at Sapinuwa/Ortaköy. They are now divided between the archaeological museums of Ankara and Istanbul. MaÅŸat Höyük[1] is an Bronze Age Hittite archaeological site northeast of BoÄŸazkale/Hattusa, about 20 km south of Zile, Tokat Province, north-central Turkey. ... Shows the Location of the Province Tokat Tokat is a province in northern Turkey. ... Sapinuwa or Shapinuwa was a Bronze Age Hittite city, at the site of Ortaköy, Çorum in Turkey. ... Ortaköy is a district of Çorum Province, Turkey. ... Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the countrys second largest city after Ä°stanbul. ... Istanbul (Turkish: , Greek: , historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see other names) is Turkeys most populous city, and its cultural and financial center. ...

The sphinx

A sphinx from Hattusa, taken for restoration out of Turkey to Germany in 1917 and not returned still, was recently at the center of a Turkish move towards applying restrictions on German archaeologists working in the country. It is currently on display in Berlin's Pergamon Museum^[4] The Great Sphinx of Giza, with the Pyramid of Khafre in the background For other uses, see Sphinx (disambiguation). ... in art, returning something to a better state, see art conservation and restoration In criminal justice, restoration is another term for restorative justice. ... This article is about the capital of Germany. ... The Pergamon Museum The Pergamon Museum (in German, Pergamonmuseum) is one of the museums on the Museum Island in Berlin. ...

See also

• Hittites
• Yazılıkaya

Relief of Suppiluliuma II, last known king of the Hittite Empire The Hittites were an ancient people who spoke an Indo-European language, and established a kingdom centered at Hattusa (Hittite URU) in north-central Anatolia from the 18th century BC. In the 14th century BC, the Hittite empire was... Rock carving depicting god Sharruma and King Tudhaliya dated to around 1250 - 1220 BC. Yazilikaya (Turkish: Yazılıkaya for inscribed rock) is a sanctuary of Hattusa, the capital city of the Hittite Empire, today in the Çorum Province, Turkey. ...

Footnotes

Reuters Group plc (LSE: RTR and NASDAQ: RTRSY); pron. ... Hürriyet (Liberty) is a secular centrist, nationalist high-circulation broadsheet daily Turkish newspaper. ...

External links

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Bibliography

v • d • e UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Turkey

Archaeological Site of Troy · Historic Areas of Istanbul · Göreme and Rock Sites of Cappadocia · Great Mosque and Hospital of Divriği · Hittite Capital of Hattusa · Hierapolis-Pamukkale · Mount Nemrut in Commagene · Safranbolu · Xanthos-Letoon Image File history File links Flag_of_Turkey. ... UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ... A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State... For other uses of Troy or Ilion, see Troy (disambiguation) and Ilion (disambiguation). ... Istanbul (Turkish: , Greek: , historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see other names) is Turkeys most populous city, and its cultural and financial center. ... Göreme, located among the fairy chimneys rock formations, is a town in Cappadocia, a historical region of Turkey. ... In ancient geography, Cappadocia or Capadocia, Turkish Kapadokya (from Persian: Katpatuka meaning the land of beautiful horses, Greek: Καππαδοκία; see also List of traditional Greek place names) was the name of the extensive inland district of Asia Minor (modern Turkey). ... DivriÄŸi Great Mosque, was built in 1299 situated in the Sivas province. ... The theatre Hierapolis (Arabic Manbij or Mumbij) is an ancient Syrian town occupying one of the finest sites in Northern Syria, in a fertile district about 16 miles southwest of the confluence of the Sajur and Euphrates. ... Hot springs of Pamukkale The reflection of the limestone in a hot spring at Pamukkale The town of Pamukkale, at the foot of the hot springs. ... Landscape view of the mountain Nemrut or Nemrud (Turkish: Nemrut DaÄŸ or Nemrut Dağı, Armenian: Õ¶Õ¥Õ´Ö€Õ¸Ö‚Õ©) is a 2,134 meters (7000 ft. ... Traditional houses in old town Traditional house Safranbolu is a town in Turkey and a district of Karabük Province. ... In Greek mythology, Xanthos (yellow) was an alternate spelling for Xanthus. ... Letoon is known to have been one of the most important religious centers of the Lycian region in Anatolia, Turkey. ...