Coordinates: 21°18′41″N, 157°47′47″W Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

State of Hawaii Mokuʻāina o Hawaiʻi
Flag of Hawaii Seal of Hawaii Nickname(s): The Aloha State Motto(s): Ua Mau ke Ea o ka ʻĀina i ka Pono (English translation: The Life of the Land is Perpetuated in Righteousness) Before Statehood Known as The Territory of Hawaii
Official language(s)	English, Hawaiian
Capital	Honolulu
Largest city	Honolulu
Area	Ranked 43rd
- Total	10,931 sq mi (29,311 km²)
- Width	n/a miles (n/a km)
- Length	1,522 miles (2,450 km)
- % water	41.2
- Latitude	18° 55′ N to 28° 27′ N
- Longitude	154° 48′ W to 178° 22′ W
Population	Ranked 42nd
- Total	1,211,537
- Density	188.6/sq mi  72.83/km² (13th)
- Median income	$53,123 (8th)
Elevation
- Highest point	Mauna Kea[1] 13,796 ft  (4,205 m)
- Mean	3,035 ft  (925 m)
- Lowest point	Pacific Ocean[1] 0 ft  (0 m)
Admission to Union	August 21, 1959 (50th)
Governor	Linda Lingle (R)
U.S. Senators	Daniel Inouye (D) Daniel Akaka (D)
Congressional Delegation	List
Time zone	Hawaii: UTC-10 (no daylight saving time)
Abbreviations	HI US-HI
Web site	www.hawaii.gov

The State of Hawaii (IPA: /həˈwaɪi, həˈwaɪʔi/) (Hawaiian: Mokuʻāina o Hawaiʻi), is an archipelagic U.S. state located in the Central Pacific, south of Alaska, north of Tahiti, and 2,300 miles (3,700 km) from the Continental United States.^[2] Politically, Hawaii is considered to be a part of the North American continent. The Island of Hawaii (called the Big Island or Hawaii Island) is a volcanic island in the Pacific Ocean and one of the eight main islands that comprise the U.S. state of Hawaii. ... The word Hawaii can refer to: Hawaii (island), the Island of Hawai‘i, one of eight main Hawaiian islands that makes up the state of Hawai‘i. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Hawaii state seal Source http://usa. ... Ka Hae Hawaii, or the Flag of Hawaii Ka Hae Hawaii, or the Flag of Hawaii, is the official standard symbolizing Hawaii as a kingdom (under a short British annexation), protectorate, republic, territory and state. ... The current design of the Seal of Hawaii was commissioned by the Republic of Hawaii, derived from several features of the heraldry of the Kingdom of Hawaii. ... This is a list of U.S. state nicknames -- both official and traditional (official state nicknames are in bold). ... For other uses, see Aloha (disambiguation). ... Here is a list of state mottos for the states of the United States. ... The state motto is also used on the official Hawaii state seal. ... Territory of Hawaii Capital Honolulu Government Organized incorporated territory Governor  - 1900-1903 Sanford B. Dole  - 1957-1959 William F. Quinn Military Governor  - 1941-1944 Maj. ... Image File history File links Hawaii_Islands2. ... // Although the United States currently has no official language, it is largely monolingual with English being the de facto national language. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... The Hawaiian language is an Austronesian language that takes its name from HawaiÊ»i, the largest island in the tropical North Pacific archipelago where it developed. ... Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, site of first U.S. capital. ... For the city and county of Honolulu, see City & County of Honolulu. ... For the city and county of Honolulu, see City & County of Honolulu. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... This is a complete list of the states of the United States ordered by total area, land area, and water area. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... A kilometer (Commonwealth spelling: kilometre), symbol: km is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 1,000 metres (from the Greek words χίλια (khilia) = thousand and μέτρο (metro) = count/measure). ... Map of states populations (2006) This is a list of states of the United States by population (with inhabited non-state jurisdictions included for comparison) as of July 1, 2006, according to the 2005 estimates of the United States Census Bureau. ... Map of states showing population density This is a list of the 50 U.S. states, ordered by population density. ... For information on the income of individuals, see Personal income in the United States. ... This is a list of United States states by elevation. ... Mauna Kea is a dormant volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, one of five volcanoes which together form the island of Hawaii. ... The order which the original 13 states ratified the constitution, then the order that the others were admitted to the union This is a list of U.S. states by date of statehood, that is, the date when each U.S. state joined the Union. ... is the 233rd day of the year (234th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Governor (disambiguation). ... Linda Lingle (born Linda Cutter on June 4, 1953) has been Governor of Hawaii since December 2, 2002. ... Type Upper House President of the Senate Richard B. Cheney, R since January 20, 2001 President pro tempore Robert C. Byrd, D since January 4, 2007 Members 100 Political groups Democratic Party Republican Party Last elections November 7, 2006 Meeting place Senate Chamber United States Capitol Washington, DC United States... Daniel Ken Inouye (born September 7, 1924) is a recipient of the Medal of Honor and currently serves as the senior United States Senator from Hawaii. ... Daniel Kahikina Dan Akaka (Chinese: 阿卡卡 李碩, Hanyu pinyin: akaka lishuo) (born September 11, 1924) is a U.S. Senator from HawaiÊ»i and a member of the Democratic Party. ... Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political... These are tables of congressional delegations from Hawaii to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives. ... Map of U.S. time zones with new CST and EST areas displayed This is a list of United States of America States by time zone. ... The Hawaii-Aleutian Time Zone includes the state of Hawaii, and the Aleutian Islands west of 169º 30 W. It is the time zone located just west of the Alaska Standard Time Zone. ... UTC redirects here. ... Although DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... The following is a list of abbreviations used by the United States Postal Service. ... U.S. states This is a list of traditional abbreviations for U.S. states and territorries, which were in wide use prior to the U.S. postal abbreviations. ... A state animal is the official or representative animal of a U.S. state. ... Binomial name Borowski, 1781 Humpback Whale range The Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) is a baleen whale. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Binomial name Branta sandvicensis (Vigors, 1833) The Hawaiian Goose or NÄ“nÄ“, Branta sandvicensis, is a species of goose endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. ... This is a list of official U.S. state fish: This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it. ... Binomial name Bloch & Schneider, 1801 humu­humu­nuku­nuku­āpua`a redirects here. ... This is a list of U.S. state flowers: List of U.S. state trees Lists of U.S. state insignia ^ State Flower of Alabama. ... Species See text The genus Hibiscus includes some 200 species, seven of which are regarded as native Hawaiian hibiscus. ... // Not every state has an official state mineral, rock, stone or gemstone. ... Genera Antipathes Aphanipathes Bathypathes Cirripathes Leiopathes Parantipathes Stichopathes Taxipathes Black coral is a term given to a group of deep water, tree-like tropical coral related to sea anemone. ... Here is a list of state mottos for the states of the United States. ... The state motto is also used on the official HawaiÊ»i state seal. ... Forty-nine states of the United States (all except New Jersey) have one or more state songs, selected by the state legislature as a symbol of the state. ... Omg vandalised! So, Im doing it again so it can be reverted. ... This List of U.S. state trees includes official trees of the following states and U.S. possessions: See also Lists of U.S. state insignia National Grove of State Trees External link USDA list of state trees and flowers Categories: | | ... Binomial name Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd. ... The Hawaiian language is an Austronesian language that takes its name from HawaiÊ»i, the largest island in the tropical North Pacific archipelago where it developed. ... The Mergui Archipelago The Archipelago Sea, situated between the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of Finland, the largest archipelago in the world by the number of islands. ... For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation) Motto In God We Trust(since 1956) (From Many, One; Latin, traditional) Anthem The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City National language English (de facto)1 Demonym American... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      A U.S. state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of... For other uses, see Alaska (disambiguation). ... Tahiti is the largest island in the Windward group of the French Polynesia, located in the archipelago of Society Islands in the southern Pacific Ocean. ... The continental United States is a term referring to the United States situated on the North American continent. ...

The state encompasses nearly the entirety of the volcanic Hawaiian Island chain, which is made up of hundreds of islands spread over 1,500 miles (2,400 km). Of these, the eight largest islands are considered the "main islands" and are located at the southeastern end of the archipelago. In order from the northwest to southeast, they are Niʻihau, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Kahoʻolawe, Maui, and Hawaiʻi. The last is by far the largest, and is very often called the "Big Island" or "Big Isle" to avoid confusion with the state. Cleveland Volcano in the Aleutian Islands of Alaska photographed from the International Space Station For other uses, see Volcano (disambiguation). ... Map of the Hawaiian Islands, a chain of islands that stretches 2,400 km in a northwesterly direction from the southern tip of the Island of Hawaii. ... Niihau is the smallest of the inhabited Hawaiian Islands in the U.S. State of HawaiÊ»i, having an area of 179. ... Kauai (Hawaiian IPA pron. ... OÊ»ahu (usually Oahu outside Hawaiian and Hawaiian English), the Gathering Place, is the third largest of the Hawaiian Islands and most populous island in the State of HawaiÊ»i. ... MolokaÊ»i as viewed from KaÊ»anapali, Maui MolokaÊ»i (also Molokai) is the fifth largest island of the Hawaiian archipelago. ... LānaÊ»i (IPA: ) is the sixth-largest of the Hawaiian Islands. ... Kaho‘olawe is the smallest of the 8 main volcanic islands in the Hawaiian Islands. ... For other uses, see Maui (disambiguation). ... The Island of Hawaii (called the Big Island or Hawaii Island) is a volcanic island in the Pacific Ocean and one of the eight main islands that comprise the U.S. state of Hawaii. ...

The state was admitted to the Union on August 21, 1959, making it the 50th state. Its capital is located in its only city, Honolulu on the island of Oʻahu. The most recent census puts the state's population at 1,211,537. Union generally refers to two or more things joined into one, such as an organization of multiple people or organizations, multiple objects combined into one, and so on. ... is the 233rd day of the year (234th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Honolulu as seen from the International Space Station Honolulu is the largest city and the capital of the U.S. state of Hawai‘i. ... OÊ»ahu (usually Oahu outside Hawaiian and Hawaiian English), the Gathering Place, is the third largest of the Hawaiian Islands and most populous island in the State of HawaiÊ»i. ...

In American English, Hawaii is pronounced in varying approximations to the original. From most to least anglicized, there is IPA: /həˈwaɪiː/, /həˈwaɪʔiː/, /həˈvaɪʔiː/). In the Hawaiian language, /həˈʋəiʔi/, there is also some variation, as Hawaiian IPA /ʋ/ varies from [v] to [w]. The Hawaiian language is an Austronesian language that takes its name from HawaiÊ»i, the largest island in the tropical North Pacific archipelago where it developed. ...

Geography

Main article: Hawaiian Islands

Map of the Hawaiian Islands, a chain of islands that stretches 2,400 km in a northwesterly direction from the southern tip of the Island of Hawaii. ...

Location, topography, and geology

Hawaii is the southernmost state of the United States and the second westernmost state after Alaska. Only Hawaii and Alaska are are outside the contiguous United States and do not share a border with any other U.S. state. This is a list of the extreme points of the United States, the points that are farther north, south, east, or west than any other location in the country. ... The continental United States is a term referring to the United States situated on the North American continent. ...

Hawaii is the only state of the United States that

• is separated from the mainland by water
• is completely surrounded by water
• continues to grow in area because of active extrusive lava flows, most notably from Kīlauea.
• is entirely in the tropics.

Map of Hawaii

Na Pali coast, Kauai

Except for Easter Island, Hawaii is farther away from land than any other landmass on Earth ^{[citation needed]}. Hawaii’s tallest mountain, Mauna Kea stands over 13,000 feet (4,000 m) and is taller than Mount Everest if followed to its base at the floor of the Pacific Ocean^[3]. KÄ«lauea (IPA: ) is an active volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, one of five shield volcanoes that together form the Island of Hawaii. ... A noontime scene from the Philippines on a day when the Sun is almost directly overhead. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 776 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2122 × 1640 pixel, file size: 370 KB, MIME type: image/png) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 776 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2122 × 1640 pixel, file size: 370 KB, MIME type: image/png) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Kauai04. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Kauai04. ... Rapa Nui redirects here. ... Mauna Kea is a dormant volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, one of five volcanoes which together form the island of Hawaii. ... Everest redirects here. ...

All of the Hawaiian Islands were formed by volcanoes arising from the sea floor from a magma source described in geological theory as a hotspot. The theory maintains that as the tectonic plate beneath much of the Pacific Ocean moves in a northwesterly direction, the hot spot remains stationary, slowly creating new volcanoes. This explains why only volcanoes on the southern half of the Big Island, and the Lōʻihi Seamount deep below the waters off its southern coast, are presently active, with Lōʻihi being the newest volcano to form. Volcanic rock on North America Plutonic rock on North America Igneous rocks (etymology from latin ignis, fire) are rocks formed by solidification of cooled magma (molten rock), with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the surface as extrusive (volcanic) rocks. ... In geology, a hotspot is a location on the Earths surface that has experienced active volcanism for a long period of time. ... The tectonic plates of the world were mapped in the second half of the 20th century. ... Lōʻihi is a seamount and undersea volcano in the Hawaiian archipelago, located at 18. ...

The last volcanic eruption outside the Big Island happened at Haleakalā on Maui in the late 18th century (though recent research suggests that Haleakala's most recent eruptive activity could be hundreds of years older).^[4] Haleakalā or East Maui Volcano is a massive shield volcano that forms more than 75% of the Hawaiian Island of Maui. ...

The volcanic activity and subsequent erosion created impressive geological features. The Big Island is notable as the world’s fifth highest island. This is a list of islands in the world ordered by their highest point. ...

Because of the islands' volcanic formation, native life before human activity is said to have arrived by the "3 W's": wind (carried through the air), waves (brought by ocean currents), and wings (birds, insects, and whatever they brought with them). The isolation of the Hawaiian Islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, and the wide range of environments to be found on high islands located in and near the tropic, has resulted in a vast array of endemic flora and fauna. Hawaii has more endangered species per square mile and has lost a higher percent of its endemic species than anywhere else on Earth.^{[citation needed]} For other uses, see Wind (disambiguation). ... A WAVES Photographer 3rd Class The WAVES were a World War II era division of the U.S. Navy that consisted entirely of women. ... The word wing or wings has more than one use: In aeronautics a wing is an apparatus used to create lift. ... A tropic is either of two circles of latitude: Tropic of Cancer, at 23½°N Tropic of Capricorn, at 23½°S Tropic is also the name of a town in Utah, United States. ... In biology and ecology endemic means exclusively native to a place or biota, in contrast to cosmopolitan or introduced. ... In Botany a Flora (or Floræ) is a collective term for plant life and can also refer to a descriptive catalogue of the plants of any geographical area, geological period, etc. ... Fauna is a collective term for animal life. ...

Niʻihau Niihau satellite image File links The following pages link to this file: Hawaii Categories: NASA images ... Niihau is the smallest of the inhabited Hawaiian Islands in the U.S. State of HawaiÊ»i, having an area of 179. ...	Kauaʻi Kauai from space, NASA photo from [1]. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Kauai (Hawaiian IPA pron. ...	Oʻahu Picture of the sea. ... OÊ»ahu (usually Oahu outside Hawaiian and Hawaiian English), the Gathering Place, is the third largest of the Hawaiian Islands and most populous island in the State of HawaiÊ»i. ...	Maui Image File history File links Maui. ... For other uses, see Maui (disambiguation). ...
Molokaʻi Molokai from satellite File links The following pages link to this file: Hawaii Categories: NASA images ... MolokaÊ»i as viewed from KaÊ»anapali, Maui MolokaÊ»i (also Molokai) is the fifth largest island of the Hawaiian archipelago. ...	Lānaʻi Lanai as viewed by satellite File links The following pages link to this file: Hawaii Categories: NASA images ... LānaÊ»i (IPA: ) is the sixth-largest of the Hawaiian Islands. ...	Kahoʻolawe Kahoolawe as viewed by satellite File links The following pages link to this file: Hawaii Categories: NASA images ... Kaho‘olawe is the smallest of the 8 main volcanic islands in the Hawaiian Islands. ...	Hawaiʻi Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (636x639, 343 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Hawaii Island Hawaii (island) ... The Island of Hawaii (called the Big Island or Hawaii Island) is a volcanic island in the Pacific Ocean and one of the eight main islands that comprise the U.S. state of Hawaii. ...

A NASA satellite composition of the Hawaiian Islands.

Areas under the control and protection of the National Park Service include: Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (3320x1572, 165 KB)This file was cropped from the original NASA tif[1] then saved losslessly without any other modification. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (3320x1572, 165 KB)This file was cropped from the original NASA tif[1] then saved losslessly without any other modification. ... The National Park Service (NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations. ...

• Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail on the Big Island
• Haleakala National Park in Kula
• Hawaii Volcanoes National Park on the Big Island
• Kalaupapa National Historical Park in Kalaupapa
• Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park in Kailua-Kona
• Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park in Hōnaunau
• Puʻukoholā Heiau National Historic Site in Kawaihae
• USS Arizona Memorial at Honolulu

Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail is a 175 mile long trail located on the main island of Hawaii. ... Haleakalā National Park is a United States national park located on the island of Maui in the state of Hawaii. ... Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, established in 1916, displays the results of hundreds of thousands of years of volcanism, migration, and evolution—processes that thrust a bare land from the sea and clothed it with complex and unique ecosystems and a distinct human culture. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Along the sea wall at Kailua-Kona Kailua-Kona is a census-designated place located in Hawai‘i County, Hawai‘i, in the North Kona District of the Island of Hawai‘i. ... Pu‘uhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park located on the west coast of the island of Hawaii in the U.S. state of Hawaii. ... Puukohola Heiau National Historic Site is a United States National Historic Site located on the northwestern coast of the island of Hawaii. ... The Arizona is both a tomb and a memorial. ...

Climate

A sunset in Hawaii

The climate of Hawaii is typical for a tropical area, although temperatures and humidity tend to be a bit less extreme than other tropical locales due to the constant trade winds blowing from the east. Summer highs are usually in the upper 80s°F, (around 31°C) during the day and mid 70s, (around 24°C) at night. Winter temperatures during the day are usually in the low to mid 80s, (around 28°C) and (at low elevation) seldom dipping below the mid 60s (18 °C) at night. Snow, although not usually associated with tropics, falls at the higher elevations of Mauna Kea (13,796 feet/ 4,205 meters) and Mauna Loa on the Big Island in some winter months. Snow only rarely falls on Maui’s Haleakalā. Mount Waiʻaleʻale, on the island of Kauaʻi, is notable for rainfall, as it has the second highest average annual rainfall on Earth, about 460 inches (38 ft. 4 in., or 11.7 m). Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 580 KB) Summary A sunset from a beach in Honolulu, taken December 2003 by myself. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 580 KB) Summary A sunset from a beach in Honolulu, taken December 2003 by myself. ... Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after the German physicist Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736), who proposed it in 1724. ... The degree Celsius (°C) is a unit of temperature named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744), who first proposed a similar system in 1742. ... Mount Wai‘ale‘ale (Hawaiian for rippling waters), elevation 5,208 ft (1,578 m), is the second highest point on the island of Kaua‘i in the Hawaiian Islands. ...

Local climates vary considerably on each island, grossly divisible into windward (Koʻolau) and leeward (Kona) areas based upon location relative to the higher mountains. Windward sides face the Northeast Trades and receive much more rainfall; leeward sides are drier and sunnier, with less rain and less cloud cover. This fact is utilized by the tourist industry, which concentrates resorts on sunny leeward coasts. Windward is the side of a boat into which the wind is blowing. ... Leeward is the side of a boat away from the direction where the wind is coming (i. ...

Main article: List of Hawaii hurricanes

Hurricanes are a rare occurrence in Hawaii, although it is probable that all the islands of Hawaii have been hit by a hurricane in the past. The worst hurricane to hit Hawaii was Hurricane Iniki in 1992, which showed that Hawaii was indeed vulnerable to a direct hit from a hurricane. Category 4 Hurricane Iniki, Hawaiis most notable hurricane. ... Lowest pressure 938 mbar (hPa; 27. ...

Important towns

The movement of the Hawaiian royal family from the island of Hawaiʻi to Maui, and subsequently to Oʻahu, explains why certain population centers exist where they do today. The largest city, Honolulu, was the one chosen by King Kamehameha III as the capital of his kingdom because of the natural harbor there, the present-day Honolulu Harbor. Honolulu as seen from the International Space Station Honolulu is the largest city and the capital of the U.S. state of Hawai‘i. ... Kamehameha III, King of Hawaii (born Kauikeaouli) (August 11, 1813?–December 15, 1854) was the king of the Kingdom of Hawaii from 1824 to 1854. ... Aloha Tower has been greeting vessels to port at Honolulu Harbor since September 11, 1926. ...

Now the state capital, Honolulu is located along the southeast coast of the island of Oʻahu. The previous capital was Lahaina, Maui. Some major towns are Hilo, Kona Kāneʻohe, Kailua, Pearl City, Waipahu, Kahului, Kailua-Kona, Kīhei, and Līhuʻe. Lahaina is a census-designated place located in West Maui, Maui County. ... Hilo (pronounced IPA: ) is a coastal city in the State of HawaiÊ»i, and is the largest community on the island of HawaiÊ»i. ... Kāne‘ohe is a town and census-designated place (CDP) included in the City & County of Honolulu and located in state District of Ko‘olaupoko on the Island of O‘ahu. ... View across Kailua Beach to the offshore islet known as Moku nui, one of Nā Mokulua off Lanikai Kailua is a town located in the City & County of Honolulu, in the Koolaupoko District of Oahu on the windward coast at Kailua Bay. ... Pearl City is town and a census-designated place (CDP) located in the ‘Ewa District and City & County of Honolulu on the Island of Oahu. ... Waipahu is a former sugar mill town and now census-designated place (CDP) located in the Ê»Ewa District on the Island of OÊ»ahu in the City & County of Honolulu, HawaiÊ»i. ... Kahului is the largest town on the Hawaiian island of Maui and is located along the north shore of central Maui. ... Along the sea wall at Kailua-Kona Kailua-Kona is a census-designated place located in Hawai‘i County, Hawai‘i, in the North Kona District of the Island of Hawai‘i. ... Kihei is a census-designated place located in Maui County, Hawaii. ... Cruise ship docked in Port of Nāwiliwili LÄ«hu‘e is the largest town on the Hawaiian Island of Kaua‘i in Hawai‘i. ...

Notable features

The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands National Monument was proclaimed by President George W. Bush on June 15, 2006, under the 1906 Antiquities Act. The monument covers roughly 140,000 square miles (360,000 km²) of reefs, atolls and shallow and deep sea (out to 50 miles (80 km) offshore) in the Pacific Ocean, larger than all of America’s National Parks combined.^[6] The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine National Monument is the largest Marine Protected Area in the world and is one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the forty-third and current President of the United States of America, originally inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ... is the 166th day of the year (167th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The parks of the United States National Park system are one type of protected area in the United States and are operated by the U.S. National Park Service. ...

History

History of Hawaii
Ancient times
Monarchy
Provisional Government
Republic
Territory
State

Main article: History of Hawaii

The earliest habitation supported by archaeologic evidence dates to the 11th century, probably by Polynesian settlers from the Marquesas, Raiatea and Bora Bora. However, as with most archaeology worldwide, this date is ever-changing as new evidence is discovered. The first recorded European contact with the islands was in 1778 by British explorer James Cook. Substantial evidence (Stokes 1932 for example) exists, however, of earlier Spanish, and possibly Irish^{[citation needed]}, visits to Hawaii. Hawaii is one of four constituent states of the United States that were independent nations prior to their statehood, along with California, Texas, and Vermont. The Kingdom of Hawaii existed from 1810 until 1893 when the monarchy was overthrown. It was an independent republic from 1894 until 1898. It was annexed by the United States in 1898, became a territory in 1900, and has been a state since 1959. Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... The history of Hawaii includes phases of early Polynesian settlement, British discovery, Euro-American and Asian immigration, the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy, a brief period of existing as a Republic, and admission to the United States as a territory and then a state. ... Early Polynesians settled in HawaiÊ»i circa A.D. 7th century, having traveled from Tahiti and Marquesas on double-hulled voyaging canoes Ancient HawaiÊ»i refers to the period of Hawaiian history preceding the unification of the Kingdom of HawaiÊ»i by Kamehameha the Great in 1810. ... Motto Ua mau ke ea o ka āina i ka pono Anthem Hawaii Ponoi Kingdom of Hawaii Capital Lahaina (until 1845) Honolulu (from 1845) Language(s) Hawaiian, English Government Constitutional monarchy Monarch  - 1795–1819 Kamehameha I  - 1891–1893 Liliuokalani Provisional Government  - 1893-1894 Committee of Safety History  - Inception 1795  - Unification... Led by Lorrin A. Thurston and Sanford B. Dole, the Provisional Government ruled over Hawaii until the formal establishment of the republic. ... Iolani Palace in Honolulu, formerly the residence of the Hawaiian monarch, was the capitol of the Republic of Hawaii. ... Territory of Hawaii Capital Honolulu Government Organized incorporated territory Governor  - 1900-1903 Sanford B. Dole  - 1957-1959 William F. Quinn Military Governor  - 1941-1944 Maj. ... The history of Hawaii includes phases of early Polynesian settlement, British discovery, Euro-American and Asian immigration, the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy, a brief period of existing as a Republic, and admission to the United States as a territory and then a state. ... National motto: Mau‘u‘u ha‘e iti Official languages French, Tahitian Political status Dependent territory, administrative division of French Polynesia Capital Tai o Hae Largest City Tai o Hae Area 1,274 km² ( 492 sq. ... Image:Sp03 raiatea small. ... Mount Otemanu, Bora Bora Bora Bora Pearl Beach Resort, Bora Bora Frigate Flor al, stationned in Bora-Bora lagoon Bora Bora is an atoll in French Polynesia, about 260 km northwest of the capital, Papeete. ... This article is about the British explorer. ... The Bear Flag Capital Sonoma, California Language(s) English and Spanish (de facto) Government Republic President William B. Ide History  - Independence from Mexico June 14, 1846  - Annexation by the United States of America July 9, 1846 The California Republic, also called the Bear Flag Republic, was the result of a... For the latter day independence movement surrounding Texas, see Republic of Texas (group). ... Flag of Vermont Republic The Vermont Republic was an independent republic that existed from 1777 until it became the state of Vermont—the 14th state of the United States of America—in 1791. ... Motto Ua mau ke ea o ka āina i ka pono Anthem Hawaii Ponoi Kingdom of Hawaii Capital Lahaina (until 1845) Honolulu (from 1845) Language(s) Hawaiian, English Government Constitutional monarchy Monarch  - 1795–1819 Kamehameha I  - 1891–1893 Liliuokalani Provisional Government  - 1893-1894 Committee of Safety History  - Inception 1795  - Unification...

Hawaiian antiquity

Main articles: Ancient Hawaii, Hawaiian mythology, and Polynesian mythology

Anthropologists believe that Polynesians from the Marquesas and possibly the Society Islands first populated the Hawaiian Islands at some time between 300 and 1000 AD. There is a great deal of dispute regarding these dates. Early Polynesians settled in Hawaiʻi circa A.D. 7th century, having traveled from Tahiti and Marquesas on double-hulled voyaging canoes Ancient Hawaiʻi refers to the period of Hawaiian history preceding the unification of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi by Kamehameha the Great in 1810. ... Hawaiian mythology is a variant of a more general Polynesian mythology. ... Polynesia (meaning many islands in Greek) is a triangular grouping of Central and South Pacific Ocean island archipelagos settled by seafaring voyagers from the original heartland in Tonga and Samoa. ...

Archaeologists and historians also differ as to whether there were one or two waves of colonization. It is believed by some authors that there had been an early settlement from the Marquesas and a later wave of immigrants from Tahiti, circa 1300, who were said to have introduced a new line of high chiefs and the practice of human sacrifice. This later immigration is detailed in folk tales about Paao (Pāʻao). Other authors, however, have argued that there is no archaeological or linguistic evidence whatsoever for a later influx of Tahitian settlers and that Paao must be regarded as a myth. Since there are still many supporters of the Paao narrative, this topic is still hotly disputed.

According ‘The Ancient Hawaiian History of Hookumu Ka Lani & Hookumu Ka Honua', by Solomon L.K. Peleioholani; The ancestors of the Hawai'ian race came not from the islands the South Pacific – for the immigrants from that direction were late arrivals there. – but from the northern direction (welau lani), that is, from the land of Kalonakikeke, now known as Alaska. According to this tradition, a great flood that occurred during the reign of Kahiko-Luamea on the continent of Ka-Houpo-o-Kane, (Ta'pen Keng is the ancient name for Taiwan) and carried away a floating log of wood named Konikonihia. On this log was a precious human cargo and it came to rest on the land of Kalonakikeke (Alaska). On this log was the first man and woman who came to Kalonakikeke from the continent of Ka-Houpo-o-Kane, they were Kalonakiko-ke ("Mr Alaska") and his wife Hoomoe-a-pule ("Woman of my dreams"). They were said to both be high chiefs of the countries of Kanaka-Hikina (person of the east) and Kanaka-Komohana (person of the west) and were descended from the great great ancestor Huka-ohialaka. Many generations later, Chief Nuu, travelled with his wife, Lilinoe, their three sons and their three wives in a canoe called Ka-Waa-Halau-Alii-O-Ka-Moku (the royal canoe of the continent), and it rested apon Mauna Kea (white mountain), on the island of Hawaii. They were the first Hawaiians. In the Kumuhonua Genealogy (a royal genealogy) of Kauai and Oahu, Chief Nuu is mentioned, including his wife Lilinoe. Nuu would have been born between 225 and 75 BC Solomon Peleioholani was a descendant of Chief Nuu through the Kings of Kauai. The Arrival of Chief Nuu was between 2225 and 2075 years ago. When comparing this to genetic analysis of Polynesian DNA, Bing Su studied the female mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA 9 bp deletion and associated Polynesian sequence motifs) and established a Taiwanese origin for female Polynesian DNA. Reduced genetic diversity in Polynesians confirmed that Polynesians left Taiwan 6,000 years ago. He also ascertained that Polynesians underwent a rapid population expansion, from a small founder population about 2,200 years ago and they believe that is when Eastern Polynesians (Hawaiians, Tahitians and Maoris) entered the central Pacific. This is in total agreement with the above history of Chief Nuu's arrival from Alaska. (See 'Melanesian Origin of Polynesian Y Chromozomes' by Manfred Kayser, Bing Su, Mark Stoneking etal) Most Eastern Polynesians assert their motherland was Hawai'i adding wieght to the possibility that Hawai'i was the genetic and culture core of Eastern Polynesia (Hawai'i, Tahiti, Ra'iatea, Rarotonga, Rapa nui and Aoteoroa)

As most Hawaiians are descended from the above royal lineage including King Kamehameha it seems that although Pa'ao may have greatly influenced the Hawaiian Kapu system with the introduction of a class based society, the building of temples and human sacrifice, it seems that Pa'ao and his fellow late arrivals from the South never actually gained control of the islands. Leaving aside the question of Paao and the history of the Royal Hawai'ian lineage, historians agree that the history of the islands was marked by a slow but steady growth in population and the size of chiefdoms, which grew to encompass whole islands. Local chiefs, called alii (aliʻi), ruled their settlements and fought to extend their sway and defend their communities from predatory rivals. This was conducted in a system of Ali'i of various ranks somewhat similar to Feudalism

European contact

The 1778 arrival of British explorer Captain James Cook is usually taken to be Hawaii’s first contact with European explorers. Cook plotted and published the geographical coordinates of the Hawaiian Islands, so that they could be found again. Cook named his discovery the Sandwich Islands in honor of one of his sponsors, John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, and reported the native name as Owyhee. (Cook also gave the Sandwich name to some islands near Argentina, which still retain the name as the British Overseas Territory of the South Sandwich Islands). Explorer redirects here. ... Captain James Cook may refer to: James Cook - British explorer, navigator, and map maker Captain James Cook (TV miniseries) - 1987 Australian television miniseries This is a disambiguation page, a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title. ... John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, 1783, by Sir Thomas Gainsborough For other persons of the same name, see John Montagu. ... The Hawaiian language is an Austronesian language that takes its name from HawaiÊ»i, the largest island in the tropical North Pacific archipelago where it developed. ... A United Kingdom overseas territory (formerly known as a dependent territory or earlier as a crown colony) is a territory that is under the sovereignty and formal control of the United Kingdom but is not part of the United Kingdom proper (almost exclusively Great Britain and Northern Ireland). ... South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, also claimed by Argentina. ...

Some writers have claimed that there were European visitors before Cook, citing Hawaiian legends and references in some Spanish chronicles in support of their argument.^{[citation needed]} While it is possible that there were earlier visitors, this is not accepted as fact by most historians.

Cook visited the Hawaiian islands twice. During his second visit - in 1779 - he attempted to abduct a Hawaiian chief and hold him as ransom for return of a ship’s boat that was stolen by a different minor chief;^[7] the chief’s supporters fought back, and Cook was killed.

After Cook’s visit and the publication of several books relating his voyages, the Hawaiian islands received many European visitors: explorers, traders, and eventually whalers who found the islands a convenient harbor and source of fresh food. Early British influence can still be seen from the design of the local Flag of Hawaii which has the British Union Flag in the corner. Visitors introduced diseases to the formerly isolated islands, and the Hawaiian population plunged precipitously. American missionaries arrived in 1820 and eventually converted the chiefs and the remaining population to Protestant Christianity. Ka Hae Hawaii, or the Flag of Hawaii Ka Hae Hawaii, or the Flag of Hawaii, is the official standard symbolizing Hawaii as a kingdom (under a short British annexation), protectorate, republic, territory and state. ... Union Jack redirects here. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul Â&middo