NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Hawaii

Coordinates: 21°18′41″N 157°47′47″W / 21.31139°N 157.79639°W The word Hawaii can refer to: Hawaii (island), the Island of Hawaiâ€˜i, one of eight main Hawaiian islands that makes up the state of Hawaiâ€˜i. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

The State of Hawaii (

/həˈwaɪ.iː/ (help·info) or /həˈwaɪʔiː/ in English; Hawaiian: Mokuʻāina o Hawaiʻi) is a state in the United States, located on an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of Australia. The state was admitted to the Union on August 21, 1959, making it the 50th state and also the last state to be currently admitted to the union. Its capital is Honolulu on the island of Oʻahu. The most recent census estimate puts the state's population at 1,283,388. Ka Hae Hawaii, or the Flag of Hawaii Ka Hae Hawaii, or the Flag of Hawaii, is the official standard symbolizing Hawaii as a kingdom (under a short British annexation), protectorate, republic, territory and state. ... The current design of the Seal of Hawaii was commissioned by the Republic of Hawaii, derived from several features of the heraldry of the Kingdom of Hawaii. ... This is a list of U.S. state nicknames -- both official and traditional (official state nicknames are in bold). ... For other uses, see Aloha (disambiguation). ... The current design of the Seal of Hawaii was commissioned by the Republic of Hawaii, derived from several features of the heraldry of the Kingdom of Hawaii. ... The United States does not have an official language, but English is spoken by about 82% of the population as a native language, with a majority of English speakers being monolingual. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a people or the inhabitants of a place. ... Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, site of first U.S. capital. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... Map of states populations (2007) This is a list of states of the United States by population (with inhabited non-state jurisdictions included for comparison) as of July 1, 2007, according to the 2007 estimates of the United States Census Bureau. ... Map of states showing population density This is a list of the 50 U.S. states, ordered by population density. ... Map of states showing population density This is a list of the 50 U.S. states, ordered by population density. ... For information on the income of individuals, see Personal income in the United States. ... This is a list of United States states by elevation. ... Mauna Kea is a dormant volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, one of five volcanoes which together form the island of Hawaii. ... The order which the original 13 states ratified the constitution, then the order that the others were admitted to the union This is a list of U.S. states by date of statehood, that is, the date when each U.S. state joined the Union. ... The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. ... Linda Lingle (born Linda Cutter on June 4, 1953) has been Governor of Hawaii since December 2, 2002. ... GOP redirects here. ... Lieutenant Governors of Hawaii have been administering their duties from the Hawaii State Capitol since 1969. ... An infamous drug court judge, James Aiona became the first Republican elected Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii in forty years. ... Hawaii was admitted to the Union on August 21, 1959. ... Daniel Ken Inouye (born September 7, 1924) is a recipient of the Medal of Honor and currently serves as the senior United States Senator from Hawaii. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas Politics Portal Further information: Politics of the United States#Organization of American political parties The Democratic... Daniel Kahikina Dan Akaka (Chinese: é˜¿å¡å¡ æŽç¢©, Hanyu pinyin: akaka lishuo) (born September 11, 1924) is a U.S. Senator from HawaiÊ»i and a member of the Democratic Party. ... Type Bicameral Speaker of the House of Representatives House Majority Leader Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Steny Hoyer, (D) since January 4, 2007 House Minority Leader John Boehner, (R) since January 4, 2007 Members 435 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political groups Democratic Party Republican Party... These are tables of congressional delegations from Hawaii to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives. ... Map of U.S. time zones with new CST and EST areas displayed This is a list of United States of America States by time zone. ... HST is UTC-10 The Hawaii-Aleutian Time Zone observes Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time (HST) all year round, by subtracting ten hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC-10). ... UTC redirects here. ... Although DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... A website (alternatively, web site or Web site) is a collection of Web pages, images, videos or other digital assets that is hosted on one or more web servers, usually accessible via the Internet. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This is a list of official U.S. state fish: This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it. ... 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For other uses, see Muffin (disambiguation). ... // Not every state has an official state mineral, rock, stone or gemstone. ... Genera Antipathes Aphanipathes Bathypathes Cirripathes Leiopathes Parantipathes Stichopathes Taxipathes Black coral is a term given to a group of deep water, tree-like tropical coral related to sea anemone. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... For other uses, see Aloha (disambiguation). ... This is a list of official U.S. state soils: This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it. ... Forty-nine states of the United States (all except New Jersey) have one or more state songs, selected by the state legislature as a symbol of the state. ... For other uses, see Surfing (disambiguation). ... -1... This is a list of official U.S. state tartans: This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it. ... Highways in the United States are split into at least four different types of systems. ... 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This state encompasses nearly the entire volcanic Hawaiian Island chain, which comprises hundreds of islands spread over 1,500 miles (2,400 km). At the southeastern end of the archipelago, the eight "main islands" are (from the northwest to southeast) Niʻihau, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Kahoʻolawe, Maui, and Hawaiʻi. The last is by far the largest, and is often called the "Big Island" or "Big Isle" to avoid confusion with the state as a whole. This archipelago is physiographically and ethnologically part of the Polynesian subregion of Oceania. The Mergui Archipelago The Archipelago Sea, situated between the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of Finland, the largest archipelago in the world by the number of islands. ... Niihau is the smallest of the inhabited Hawaiian Islands in the U.S. State of HawaiÊ»i, having an area of 179. ... Kauai (in standard Hawaiian pronounced ; in Kauai-Niihau dialect, ; usually spelled Kauai outside the Hawaiian Islands and pronounced or [2]) is the oldest of the main Hawaiian Islands. ... OÊ»ahu (usually Oahu outside Hawaiian and Hawaiian English), the Gathering Place, is the third largest of the Hawaiian Islands and most populous island in the State of HawaiÊ»i. ... MolokaÊ»i as viewed from KaÊ»anapali, Maui MolokaÊ»i (also Molokai) is the fifth largest island of the Hawaiian archipelago. ... LÄnaÊ»i (IPA: ) is the sixth-largest of the Hawaiian Islands. ... Kaho‘olawe is the smallest of the 8 main volcanic islands in the Hawaiian Islands. ... For other uses, see Maui (disambiguation). ... Carving from the ridgepole of a MÄori house, ca 1840 Polynesia (from Greek: Ï€Î¿Î»ÏÏ‚ many, Î½á¿†ÏƒÎ¿Ï‚ island) is a large grouping of over 1,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean. ... For other uses, see Oceania (disambiguation). ...

Etymology

The Hawaiian language word Hawaiʻi derives from Proto-Polynesian *Sawaiki, with the reconstructed meaning "homeland";^[4] cognate words are found in other Polynesian languages, including Māori (Hawaiki), Rarotongan (ʻAvaiki), and Samoan (Savaiʻi). (See also Hawaiki). Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Internal reconstruction is a method of using the internal characteristics of a single language to recover information about how the language appeared at an early point in time. ... MÄori or Te Reo MÄori,[1] commonly shortened to Te Reo (literally the language) functions as one of the official languages of New Zealand. ... The Cook Islands MÄori also called Maori Kuki Airani became an official language of the Cook Islands in 2003 (1). ...

According to Pukui and Elbert,^[5] "Elsewhere in Polynesia, Hawaiʻi or a cognate is the name of the underworld or of the ancestral home, but in Hawaiʻi the name has no meaning."^[6]

Geography and environment

Mauna Kea is a dormant volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, one of five volcanoes which together form the island of Hawaii. ... For other uses, see Maui (disambiguation). ... HaleakalÄ or East Maui Volcano is a massive shield volcano that forms more than 75% of the Hawaiian Island of Maui. ... Kaho‘olawe is the smallest of the 8 main volcanic islands in the Hawaiian Islands. ... LÄnaÊ»i (IPA: ) is the sixth-largest of the Hawaiian Islands. ... MolokaÊ»i as viewed from KaÊ»anapali, Maui MolokaÊ»i (also Molokai) is the fifth largest island of the Hawaiian archipelago. ... OÊ»ahu (usually Oahu outside Hawaiian and Hawaiian English), the Gathering Place, is the third largest of the Hawaiian Islands and most populous island in the State of HawaiÊ»i. ... Wai‘anae Range (sometimes referred to as the Waianae Mountains) is the eroded remains of an ancient shield volcano that comprises the western half of the Hawaiian Island of O‘ahu. ... Kauai (in standard Hawaiian pronounced ; in Kauai-Niihau dialect, ; usually spelled Kauai outside the Hawaiian Islands and pronounced or [2]) is the oldest of the main Hawaiian Islands. ... Niihau is the smallest of the inhabited Hawaiian Islands in the U.S. State of HawaiÊ»i, having an area of 179. ...

Topography

An archipelago situated some 2,000 mi (3,200 km) southwest of the North American mainland,^[7] Hawaiʻi is the southernmost state of the United States and the second westernmost state after Alaska. Only Hawaiʻi and Alaska are outside the contiguous United States and do not share a border with any other U.S. state. â€œMilesâ€ redirects here. ... â€œkmâ€ redirects here. ...

Hawaiʻi's tallest mountain, Mauna Kea stands at 13,796 ft (4,205 m)^[8] but is taller than Mount Everest if followed to the base of the mountain—from the floor of the Pacific Ocean, rising about 33,500 ft (10,200 m).^[9] The Mergui Archipelago The Archipelago Sea, situated between the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of Finland, the largest archipelago in the world by the number of islands. ... Mauna Kea is a dormant volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, one of five volcanoes which together form the island of Hawaii. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, â€² â€“ a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... This article is about the unit of length. ... Everest redirects here. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, â€² â€“ a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... This article is about the unit of length. ...

All of the Hawaiian islands were formed by volcanoes erupting from the sea floor from a magma source described in geological theory as a hotspot. The theory maintains that as the tectonic plate beneath much of the Pacific Ocean moves in a northwesterly direction, the hot spot remains stationary, slowly creating new volcanoes. This explains why only volcanoes on the southern half of the Big Island, and the Lōʻihi Seamount deep below the waters off its southern coast, are presently active, with Lōʻihi being the newest volcano to form. Igneous rocks (etymology from Latin ignis, fire) are rocks formed by solidification of cooled magma (molten rock), with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the surface as extrusive (volcanic) rocks. ... In geology, a hotspot is a location on the Earths surface that has experienced active volcanism for a long period of time. ... The tectonic plates of the world were mapped in the second half of the 20th century. ... LÅÊ»ihi is a seamount and undersea volcano in the Hawaiian archipelago, located at 18. ...

The last volcanic eruption outside the Big Island occurred at Haleakalā on Maui in the late 18th century, though recent research suggests that Haleakalā's most recent eruptive activity could be hundreds of years earlier.^[10] In 1790, Kīlauea exploded in the deadliest eruption known to have occurred in what is now the United States.^[11] As many as 5,405 warriors and their families marching on Kīlauea were killed in an eruption.^[12] Hawaiian eruptions are relatively gentle, low level volcanic eruptions, named for the volcanoes of Hawaii. ... HaleakalÄ or East Maui Volcano is a massive shield volcano that forms more than 75% of the Hawaiian Island of Maui. ... -1...

The volcanic activity and subsequent erosion created impressive geological features. The Big Island is notable as the world's second highest island.^{[citation needed]} This is a list of islands in the world ordered by their highest point. ...

Because of the islands' volcanic formation, native life before human activity is said to have arrived by the "3 W's": wind (carried through the air), waves (brought by ocean currents), and wings (birds, insects, and whatever they brought with them). The isolation of the Hawaiian Islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, and the wide range of environments to be found on high islands located in and near the tropic, has resulted in a vast array of endemic flora and fauna (see Endemism in the Hawaiian Islands). Hawaiʻi has more endangered species and has lost a higher percentage of its endemic species than anywhere in the United States.^[13] A noontime scene from the Philippines on a day when the Sun is almost directly overhead. ... Endemic, in a broad sense, can mean belonging or native to, characteristic of, or prevalent in a particular geography, race, field, area, or environment; Native to an area or scope. ... Simplified schematic of an islands flora - all its plant species, highlighted in boxes. ... Fauna is a collective term for animal life of any particular region or time. ... Located some 2,400 miles (4,000 km) from the nearest continental shore, the Hawaiian Islands are the most isolated group of islands on the globe. ...

Protected areas

There are several areas in Hawaiʻi under the control and protection of the National Park Service.^[14] Two areas are designated as national parks: Haleakala National Park near Kula, Maui, includes Haleakalā, the dormant volcano that formed east Maui; and Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park in the southeast region of the island of Hawaiʻi, which includes the active volcano Kīlauea and its various rift zones. The USS Arizona sinking during the attack on Pearl Harbor, 7 December 1941. ... The National Park Service (NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations. ... This article is about national parks. ... HaleakalÄ National Park is a United States national park located on the island of Maui in the state of Hawaii. ... HaleakalÄ or East Maui Volcano is a massive shield volcano that forms more than 75% of the Hawaiian Island of Maui. ... -1...

There are three designated national historical parks: Kalaupapa National Historical Park in Kalaupapa, Molokaʻi, the site of a former colony for Hansen's disease patients; Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park in Kailua-Kona on the island of Hawaiʻi; and Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park in Hōnaunau on the island of Hawaiʻi, the site of an ancient Hawaiian place of refuge. Other areas under the control of the National Park Service include Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail on the island of Hawaiʻi and the USS Arizona Memorial at Pearl Harbor on Oʻahu. National Historical Park or National Historic Park is a designation for a protected area in the United States that has national historic significance and consists of more than single properties or buildings. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... For the malady found in the Hebrew Bible, see Tzaraath. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... There is also a town of Kailua on the Island of O‘ahu. ... Puâ€˜uhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park located on the west coast of the island of Hawaii in the U.S. state of Hawaii. ... Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail is a 175 mile long trail located on the main island of Hawaii. ... The USS Arizona sinking during the attack on Pearl Harbor, 7 December 1941. ... This article is about the harbor in Hawaii. ...

The Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument was proclaimed by President George W. Bush on June 15, 2006, under the 1906 Antiquities Act. The monument covers roughly 140,000 square miles (360,000 km²) of reefs, atolls and shallow and deep sea (out to 50 miles (80 km) offshore) in the Pacific Ocean, larger than all of America's National Parks combined.^[15] The PapahÄnaumokuÄkea Marine National Monument (formerly the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine National Monument) is the largest Marine Protected Area in the world and was named by the American television show Good Morning America and newspaper USA Today as one of the New Seven Wonders of the World [1... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the forty-third and current President of the United States of America, originally inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ...

Climate

The climate of Hawaiʻi is typical for a tropical area, although temperatures and humidity tend to be a bit less extreme than other tropical locales due to the constant trade winds blowing from the east. Summer highs are usually in the upper 80s °F, (around 31°C) during the day and mid 70s, (around 24 °C) at night. Winter temperatures during the day are usually in the low to mid 80s, (around 28 °C) and (at low elevation) seldom dipping below the mid 60s (18 °C) at night. Snow, although not usually associated with tropics, falls at 4,205 meters (13,796 ft) on Mauna Loa on the Big Island in some winter months. Snow rarely falls on Maui's Haleakalā. Mount Waiʻaleʻale, on the island of Kauaʻi, is notable for rainfall, as it has the second highest average annual rainfall on Earth, about 460 inches (11.7 m). Most of Hawaiʻi has only two seasons: summer from May to October, and winter from October to April.^[16] WaikÄ«kÄ« seen from the top of Diamond Head or LÄ“Ê»ahi. ... There is also a town of Kailua on the Island of O‘ahu. ... Vog is volcanic smog formed when sulfur dioxide and other pollutants emitted by an erupting volcano mixes with oxygen and moisture in the presence of sunlight. ... Image:Atmospheric circulatlion. ... For other uses, see Mauna Loa (disambiguation). ... Mount Waiâ€˜aleâ€˜ale (Hawaiian for rippling waters), elevation 5,208 ft (1,578 m), is the second highest point on the island of Kauaâ€˜i in the Hawaiian Islands. ...

Local climates vary considerably on each island, grossly divisible into windward (Koʻolau) and leeward (Kona) areas based upon location relative to the higher mountains. Windward sides face cloud cover. This fact is utilized by the tourist industry, which concentrates resorts on sunny leeward coasts. November 4, 1995 Kona Low Kona lows are deep cyclones that form during the cool season of the central Pacific ocean. ...

Kahului is the largest town on the Hawaiian island of Maui and is located along the north shore of central Maui. ... Cruise ship docked in Port of NÄwiliwili LÄ«huâ€˜e is the largest town on the Hawaiian Island of Kauaâ€˜i in Hawaiâ€˜i. ...

Environment

History

Hawaiʻi is one of four U.S. states that were independent prior to becoming part of the United States, along with the Vermont Republic (1791), the Republic of Texas (1845), and the California Republic (1846), and one of two (Texas was the other) with formal diplomatic recognition internationally.^[18] The Kingdom of Hawaiʻi existed from 1810 until 1893 when the monarchy was overthrown by resident American (and some European) businessmen. It was an independent republic from 1894 until 1898, when it was annexed by the United States, becoming a territory in 1900, and a state in 1959.^[19] Early Polynesians settled in HawaiÊ»i circa A.D. 7th century, having traveled from Tahiti and Marquesas on double-hulled voyaging canoes Ancient HawaiÊ»i refers to the period of Hawaiian history preceding the unification of the Kingdom of HawaiÊ»i by Kamehameha the Great in 1810. ... Motto Ua mau ke ea o ka Äina i ka pono Anthem Hawaii Ponoi Kingdom of Hawaii Capital Lahaina (until 1845) Honolulu (from 1845) Language(s) Hawaiian, English Government Constitutional monarchy Monarch - 1795â€“1819 Kamehameha I - 1891â€“1893 Liliuokalani Provisional Government - 1893-1894 Committee of Safety History - Inception 1795 - Unification... Led by Lorrin A. Thurston and Sanford B. Dole, the Provisional Government ruled over Hawaii until the formal establishment of the republic. ... Iolani Palace in Honolulu, formerly the residence of the Hawaiian monarch, was the capitol of the Republic of Hawaii. ... Territory of Hawaii Capital Honolulu Government Organized incorporated territory Governor - 1900-1903 Sanford B. Dole - 1957-1959 William F. Quinn Military Governor - 1941-1944 Maj. ... Flag of Vermont Republic The Vermont Republic was an independent republic that existed from 1777 until it became the state of Vermontâ€”the 14th state of the United States of Americaâ€”in 1791. ... For the latter day independence movement surrounding Texas, see Republic of Texas (group). ... The Bear Flag Capital Sonoma, California Language(s) English and Spanish (de facto) Government Republic President William B. Ide History - Independence from Mexico June 14, 1846 - Annexation by the United States of America July 9, 1846 The California Republic, also called the Bear Flag Republic, was the result of a... Diplomatic recognition is a political act by which one state acknowledges an act or status of another state or government, thereby according it legitimacy and expressing its intent to bring into force the domestic and international legal consequences of recognition. ... Motto Ua mau ke ea o ka Äina i ka pono Anthem Hawaii Ponoi Kingdom of Hawaii Capital Lahaina (until 1845) Honolulu (from 1845) Language(s) Hawaiian, English Government Constitutional monarchy Monarch - 1795â€“1819 Kamehameha I - 1891â€“1893 Liliuokalani Provisional Government - 1893-1894 Committee of Safety History - Inception 1795 - Unification...

Hawaiʻi's greatest historic significance is as the target of surprise attack on Pearl Harbor by imperial Japan on December 7, 1941. The attack on Pearl Harbor and other military and naval installations on Oʻahu, carried out by aircraft and by midget submarine brought the United States into World War II. This article is about the actual attack. ... The ensign of Imperial Japanese Navy was a prominent symbol of Imperial Japan. ... This article is about the harbor in Hawaii. ... OÊ»ahu (usually Oahu outside Hawaiian and Hawaiian English), the Gathering Place, is the third largest of the Hawaiian Islands and most populous island in the State of HawaiÊ»i. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with military aviation. ... A midget submarine is a small submarine, typically with one or two crew and no on-board living accommodation. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

Pre-European contact, before 1778

The earliest habitation supported by archaeological evidence dates to as early as 300 BCE, probably by Polynesian settlers from the Marquesas, followed by a second wave of migration from Raiatea and Bora Bora in the 11th century. The first recorded European contact with the islands was in 1778 by British explorer James Cook. Early Polynesians settled in HawaiÊ»i circa A.D. 7th century, having traveled from Tahiti and Marquesas on double-hulled voyaging canoes Ancient HawaiÊ»i refers to the period of Hawaiian history preceding the unification of the Kingdom of HawaiÊ»i by Kamehameha the Great in 1810. ... Archaeology or sometimes in American English archeology (from the Greek words αρχαίος = ancient and λόγος = word/speech) is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains, including architecture, artefacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes. ... Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC - 300s BC - 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 260s BC 250s BC Years: 305 BC 304 BC 303 BC 302 BC 301 BC - 300 BC - 299 BC 298 BC... Carving from the ridgepole of a MÄori house, ca 1840 Polynesia (from Greek: Ï€Î¿Î»ÏÏ‚ many, Î½á¿†ÏƒÎ¿Ï‚ island) is a large grouping of over 1,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean. ... National motto: Mauâ€˜uâ€˜u haâ€˜e iti Official languages French, Tahitian Political status Dependent territory, administrative division of French Polynesia Capital Tai o Hae Largest City Tai o Hae Area 1,274 kmÂ² ( 492 sq. ... Net migration rates for 2006: positive (blue), negative (orange) and stable (green). ... Image:Sp03 raiatea small. ... Mount Otemanu, Bora Bora Bora Bora Pearl Beach Resort, Bora Bora Frigate Flor al, stationned in Bora-Bora lagoon Bora Bora is an atoll in French Polynesia, about 260 km northwest of the capital, Papeete. ... This article is about the British explorer. ...

Polynesians from the Marquesas and possibly the Society Islands may have first populated the Hawaiian Islands between 300 and 500 CE. There is a great deal of debate regarding these dates.^[20]

Some archaeologists and historians believe that there had been an early settlement from the Marquesas and a later wave of immigrants from Tahiti, circa 1000, who were said to have introduced a new line of high chiefs, the Kapu system, the practice of human sacrifice and the building of heiaus. This later immigration is detailed in folk tales about Paʻao. Other authors have argued that there is no archaeological or linguistic evidence for a later influx of Tahitian settlers, and that Paʻao must be regarded as a myth. However, this seems very unlikely due to the fact that the Kapu system and the practice of human sacrifice were only common in Tahitian culture. Tahiti is the largest island in the Windward group of the French Polynesia, located in the archipelago of Society Islands in the southern Pacific Ocean. ... The Hawaiian word kapu is usually translated as forbidden. In ancient Hawaii, kapu refers to the ancient system of laws and regulations. ... Human sacrifice is the act of killing a human being for the purposes of making an offering to a deity or other, normally supernatural, power. ... A Hawaiian temple comprised of a stone platform with various structures built upon it. ... Paao is either a figure from a Hawaiian legend or a historical character. ...

Regardless of the question of Paʻao and the history of the Royal Hawaiian lineage, historians agree that the history of the islands was marked by a slow but steady growth in population and the size of the Kapu chiefdoms, which grew to encompass whole islands. Local chiefs, called aliʻi, ruled their settlements and fought to extend their sway and defend their communities from predatory rivals. This was conducted in a system of allies of various ranks similar to the tribal systems before Feudalism. This article is about the British explorer. ... The Hawaiian word kapu is usually translated as forbidden. In ancient Hawaii, kapu refers to the ancient system of laws and regulations. ... AliÊ»i refers to the chiefly or noble rank in Hawaiian society. ...

1778-1893 — European arrival and the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi

The 1778 arrival of British explorer James Cook is usually taken to be Hawaii's first contact with European explorers. Cook named the islands the Sandwich Islands in honor of one of his sponsors, John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich. He published the geographical coordinates of the islands and reported the native name as Owyhee. This erroneous translation lives on in Owyhee County, Idaho, which was named after three Hawaiian members of a trapping party who were killed in that area. This article is about the British explorer. ... This article deals with the European people as an ethnic group or ethnic groups. ... This list of explorers is sorted by surname. ... The Sandwich Islands was the name given to Hawaii by Captain James Cook on his discovery of the islands on January 18, 1778. ... John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, 1783, by Sir Thomas Gainsborough For other persons of the same name, see John Montagu. ... Owyhee County is a county located in the U.S. state of Idaho. ...

Cook visited the Hawaiian islands twice. During his second visit in 1779, he attempted to abduct a Hawaiian chief and hold him as ransom for return of a ship's boat that was stolen by a different minor chief;^[21] the chief's supporters fought back, and Cook was killed.

After Cook's visit and the publication of several books relating his voyages, the Hawaiian islands received many European visitors: explorers, traders, and eventually whalers who found the islands a convenient harbor and source of fresh food. Early British influence can still be seen from the design of the local Flag of Hawaiʻi which has the British Union Flag in the corner.

Visitors introduced diseases to the formerly isolated islands, and the Hawaiian population plunged precipitously. Native Hawaiians did not have resistance to influenza, smallpox, and measles, among others. During the 1850s, measles killed a fifth of Hawaiʻi's people.^[22] Flu redirects here. ... This article is about the disease. ...

During the 1780s and 1790s the chiefs were constantly fighting for power. After a series of battles that ended in 1795 and forced cession of the island of Kauaʻi in 1810, all of the inhabited islands were subjugated under a single ruler who would become known as King Kamehameha the Great. He established the House of Kamehameha, a dynasty that ruled over the kingdom until 1872. â€œKamehamehaâ€ redirects here. ... Kamehameha the Great established his dynasty in 1810 upon unifying the islands of Hawaii to become the Kingdom of Hawaii. ...

Christian missionaries began to arrive in the early 1800s eventually converted many of the population to Christianity. Their influence led Kamehameha II to end the human sacrifice and the Kapu system, and Kamehameha III was the first Christian king. Topics in Christianity Preaching Prayer Ecumenism Relation to other religions Movements Music Liturgy Calendar Symbols Art Criticism Christianity Portal This box: Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ... Kamehameha II, King of Hawaii (1797 - 1824) was the second king of the Kingdom of Hawaiâ€˜i. ... Kamehameha III, King of Hawaii (born Kauikeaouli) (August 11, 1813?â€“December 15, 1854) was the king of the Kingdom of Hawaii from 1824 to 1854. ...

The most famous and beloved of the missionaries was Father Damien, a Catholic priest who helped bring order and hope to the colony of lepers which had been raised on an isolated part of the island of Molokai. Other well-remembered missionaries who served in the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi included Protestant Hiram Bingham I and Joseph F. Smith of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Father Damien, also Blessed Damien of Molokai and born Joseph de Veuster (January 3, 1840 â€“ April 15, 1889), was a Roman Catholic priest from Belgium and member of the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary, a missionary religious order. ... Hansens disease, commonly known as leprosy, is an infectious disease caused by infection by Mycobacterium leprae. ... MolokaÊ»i as viewed from KaÊ»anapali, Maui MolokaÊ»i (also Molokai) is the fifth largest island of the Hawaiian archipelago. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... Joseph Fielding Smith, Sr. ... The Salt Lake Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the largest attraction in the citys Temple Square. ...

Other missionaries, however, are not remembered as fondly. A number who came to Hawaiʻi during this period took a more earthly view of the islands and their people, and over the years began to exert influence on politics and society. A number abandoned their callings to seek commercial fortune, and to this day, when a person of any race who was born in Hawaiʻʻi calls someone a "missionary," it is considered an insult. It is said that "The Protestants came to the islands to do good, and they did right well" (a colloquialism meaning that they had prospered).^{[citations needed]}

The death of the bachelor King Kamehameha V — who did not name an heir — resulted in the popular election of Lunalilo over Kalākaua. Lunalilo died after only one year and 25 days in office, without naming an heir. Though it was known that he favored Emma, widow of Kamehameha IV, it is believed that "the People's King" desired the people to choose his successor as they had chosen him. In a hotly contested and allegedly fraudulent election by the legislature in 1874 between Kalākaua and Emma, which led to riots and the landing of U.S. and British troops to keep the peace, governance was passed on to the House of Kalākaua. Kamehameha V was the last monarch of the House of Kamehameha. ... William Charles Lunalilo, a member of a collateral branch to the main line of the House of Kamehameha, was elected King of Hawaii upon the death of his cousin, Kamehameha V, the last descendant of Kamehameha I on the throne. ... KalÄkaua, King of Hawaii â€” born as David LaÊ»amea KamanakapuÊ»u Mahinulani Nalaiaehuokalani Lumialani KalÄkaua and called The Merrie Monarch (November 12, 1836 - January 20, 1891) â€” was the last reigning king of the Kingdom of HawaiÊ»i. ... Queen Emma of Hawaii was queen to King Kamehameha IV from 1856 to his death in 1863. ... LiliÊ»uokalani inherited the throne from her brother KalÄkaua on January 17, 1891. ...

In 1887, under the influence of Walter M. Gibson, a group of kingdom subjects, members of the Hawaiian government, American and European businessmen forced Kalākaua to sign the 1887 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi which stripped the king of administrative authority, eliminated voting rights for Asians and set minimum income and property requirements for American, European and native Hawaiian voters, essentially limiting the electorate to elite Americans, Europeans and those few native Hawaiians who had amassed wealth. King Kalākaua, though nearly powerless, reigned until his death in 1891. His sister, Liliʻuokalani, succeeded him to the throne and ruled until her overthrow in 1893. Today Kalākaua is remembered as "the Merrie Monarch," inspiration for the premier hula festival which is held every year. For other persons of the same name, see Walter Gibson. ... KalÄkaua, King of Hawaii â€” born as David LaÊ»amea KamanakapuÊ»u Mahinulani Nalaiaehuokalani Lumialani KalÄkaua and called The Merrie Monarch (November 12, 1836 - January 20, 1891) â€” was the last reigning king of the Kingdom of HawaiÊ»i. ... King David KalÄkaua signed the 1887 Constitution under threat of force The 1887 Constitution of the Kingdom of HawaiÊ»i stripped the Hawaiian monarchy of much of its authority, and disenfranchised all Asians and poor citizens while generally empowering rich citizens, including American, European and native Hawaiian elites. ... LiliÊ»uokalani, Queen of HawaiÊ»i (September 2, 1838 â€“ November 11, 1917), originally named Lydia KamakaÊ»eha, also known as Lydia KamakaÊ»eha Paki, with the chosen royal name of LiliÊ»uokalani, and later named Lydia K. Dominis, was the last monarch of the Kingdom of HawaiÊ»i. ... This article is about the Hawaiian dance. ...

In 1893, Queen Liliʻuokalani announced plans to establish a new constitution that would have replaced the 1887 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi that was established during the reign of King Kalākaua. On January 14, 1893, a group of mostly Euro-American business leaders and residents who opposed the Queen's plans formed a Committee of Safety to overthrow the Queen and seek annexation by the United States. United States Government Minister John L. Stevens, responding to a request from the Committee of Safety, summoned a company of uniformed U.S. Marines to come ashore. As one historian noted, the presence of these troops effectively made it impossible for the monarchy to protect itself.^[24] King David KalÄkaua signed the 1887 Constitution under threat of force The 1887 Constitution of the Kingdom of HawaiÊ»i stripped the Hawaiian monarchy of much of its authority, and disenfranchised all Asians and poor citizens while generally empowering rich citizens, including American, European and native Hawaiian elites. ... Lorrin A. Thurston led the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii through the Committee of Safety in 1893. ... John L. Stevens, an American diplomat, conspired to overthrow the Kingdom of HawaiÊ»i. ... Standard NATO code for a friendly infantry company. ...

Overthrow — the Republic of Hawaiʻi

In January 1893, Queen Liliʻuokalani was replaced by a Provisional Government composed of members of the Committee of Safety. There was much controversy in the following years as the queen tried to re-establish her throne. The administration of President Grover Cleveland commissioned the Blount Report, which concluded that the removal of Liliʻuokalani was illegal. The U.S. Government first demanded that Queen Liliʻuokalani be reinstated, but the Provisional Government refused. Congress responded to Cleveland's referral with another investigation, and submitted the Morgan Report by the U.S. Senate on February 26, 1894, which found all parties (including Minister Stevens) with the exception of the queen "not guilty" from any responsibility for the overthrow.^[25] The accuracy and impartiality of both the Blount and Morgan reports has been questioned by partisans on both sides of the historical debate over the events of 1893.^[26]^[27]^[28]^[29] LiliÊ»uokalani, Queen of HawaiÊ»i (September 2, 1838 â€“ November 11, 1917), originally named Lydia KamakaÊ»eha, also known as Lydia KamakaÊ»eha Paki, with the chosen royal name of LiliÊ»uokalani, and later named Lydia K. Dominis, was the last monarch of the Kingdom of HawaiÊ»i. ... Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837â€“June 24, 1908), was the twenty-second and twenty-fourth President of the United States. ... The Blount Report is the popular name given to the part of the 1894 House of Representatives Foreign Relations Committee Report regarding the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

In 1993, a joint Apology Resolution regarding the overthrow was passed by Congress and signed by President Clinton, apologizing for the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom.^[29] It is the first time in American history that the United States government has apologized for overthrowing the legitimate government of a sovereign nation. President Bill Clinton signed United States Public Law 103-150, apologizing on behalf of the American people for its alleged role in the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy. ...

The Republic of Hawaiʻi was the formal name of Hawaiʻi from 1894 to 1898 when it was run as a republic. The republic period occurred between the administration of the Provisional Government of Hawaiʻi which ended on July 4, 1894 and the adoption of the Newlands Resolution in Congress in which the Republic was annexed to the United States and became the Territory of Hawaiʻi on July 7, 1898. Iolani Palace was the official residence of King David Kalakaua and Queen Julia Kapiolani and then Queen Liliuokalani and Prince Consort John Owen Dominis. ... Led by Lorrin A. Thurston and Sanford B. Dole, the Provisional Government ruled over Hawaii until the formal establishment of the republic. ... On August 12, 1898, the flag of the Kingdom of Hawaiâ€˜i over â€˜Iolani Palace was lowered to raise the United States flag to signify annexation. ... Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political... Territory of Hawaii Capital Honolulu Government Organized incorporated territory Governor - 1900-1903 Sanford B. Dole - 1957-1959 William F. Quinn Military Governor - 1941-1944 Maj. ...

Annexation — the Territory of Hawaiʻi

When William McKinley won the presidential election in November 1896, the question of Hawaiʻi's annexation to the U.S. was again opened. The previous president, Grover Cleveland, was a friend of Queen Liliʻuokalani. He had remained opposed to annexation until the end of his term, but McKinley was open to persuasion by U.S. expansionists and by annexationists from Hawaiʻi. He agreed to meet with a committee of annexationists from Hawaiʻi, Lorrin Thurston, Francis Hatch and William Kinney. After negotiations, in June 1897, McKinley agreed to a treaty of annexation with these representatives of the Republic of Hawaiʻi.^[30] The president then submitted the treaty to the U.S. Senate for approval. This article is about the 25th President of the United States; for other people named William McKinley, see William McKinley (disambiguation). ... Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837â€“June 24, 1908), was the twenty-second and twenty-fourth President of the United States. ... Lorrin A. Thurston led the overthrow of the Hawaiian kingdom in 1893. ...

Despite some opposition in the islands, the Newlands Resolution was passed by the House June 15, 1898, by a vote of 209 to 91, and by the Senate on July 6, 1898, by a vote of 42 to 21, annexing Hawaiʻi as a U.S. territory. Its legality continues to be questioned because it was a United States Government resolution, not a treaty of cession or conquest as is required by international law.^{[citation needed]} Both houses of the American Congress carried the measure with two-thirds majorities.

In 1900, Hawaiʻi was granted self-governance and retained ʻIolani Palace as the territorial capitol building. Though several attempts were made to achieve statehood, Hawaiʻi remained a territory for sixty years. Plantation owners and key capitalists, who maintained control through financial institutions, or "factors," known as the Big Five, found territorial status convenient, enabling them to continue importing cheap foreign labor; such immigration was prohibited in various states of the U.S. Iolani Palace was the official residence of King David Kalakaua and Queen Julia Kapiolani and then Queen Liliuokalani and Prince Consort John Owen Dominis. ... Territorial Hawai‘i was ruled by a corporate oligarchy of the Big Five sugar corporations. ...

The power of the plantation owners was finally broken by activist descendants of original immigrant laborers. Because they were born in a U.S. territory, they were legal U.S. citizens. Expecting to gain full voting rights, they actively campaigned for statehood for the Hawaiian Islands.

1959-Present — State of Hawaiʻi

In March 1959, both houses of Congress passed the Hawaii Admission Act and U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed it into law. (The act excluded Palmyra Atoll, part of the Kingdom and Territory of Hawaiʻi, from the new state.) On June 27 of that year, a referendum was held asking residents of Hawaiʻi to vote on accepting the statehood bill. Hawaiʻi voted at a ratio of 17 to 1 to accept. There has been criticism, however, of the Statehood plebiscite, because the only choices were to accept the Act or to remain a territory, without addressing the issues of legality surrounding the overthrow.^[31]^[32]^[33] Despite the criticism, the United Nations Special Committee on Decolonization later removed Hawaiʻi from the United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories. In April 1959, Hawaii Delegate John A. Burns prepared to slice the Hawaii Statehood Cake at Capitol Hill with Democrat Congressmen D. S. Saund of California, James Haley of Florida and Al Ullman of Oregon. ... Dwight David Eisenhower, born David Dwight Eisenhower (October 14, 1890 â€“ March 28, 1969), nicknamed Ike, was a five-star General in the United States Army and U.S. politician, who served as the thirty-fourth President of the United States (1953â€“1961). ... UN redirects here. ... Map of the countries in the UN list: current former The United Nations maintains a list of territories that do not govern themselves. ...

After statehood, Hawaiʻi quickly became a modern state with a construction boom and rapidly growing economy. The Hawaiʻi Republican Party, which was strongly supported by the plantation owners, was voted out of office. In its place, the Democratic Party of Hawaiʻi dominated state politics for 40 years. Governor John A. Burns is often called the Father of the State of Hawaii, having overseen its modern development and setting precedents still honored today. ...

In recent decades, the state government has implemented programs to promote Hawaiian culture. The Hawaiʻi State Constitutional Convention of 1978 incorporated as state constitutional law specific programs such as the creation of the Office of Hawaiian Affairs to promote the indigenous Hawaiian language and culture. The 1978 Hawaii State Constitutional Convention launched the careers of over a dozen politicians who would become legends in modern Hawaiian history. ... The Office of Hawaiian Affairs, also popularly known by its acronym OHA, is a semi-autonomous entity of the state of Hawaii charged with the administration of 1. ...

Cities and towns

The movement of the Hawaiian royal family from the island of Hawaiʻi to Maui, and subsequently to Oʻahu, explains why certain population centers exist where they do today. The largest city, Honolulu, was the one chosen by Kamehameha III as the capital of his kingdom because of the natural harbor there, the present-day Honolulu Harbor. The Nineteenth United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 203,302,031, an increase of 13. ... (Redirected from 2000 United States census) The United States 2000 census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13. ... Kamehameha III, King of Hawaii (born Kauikeaouli) (August 11, 1813?â€“December 15, 1854) was the king of the Kingdom of Hawaii from 1824 to 1854. ...

Now the state capital, Honolulu is located along the southeast coast of Oʻahu. The previous capital was Lahaina, Maui. Some major towns are Hilo, Kāneʻohe, Kailua, Pearl City, Waipahu, Kahului, Kailua-Kona, Kīhei, and Līhuʻe. LÄhainÄ is a very popular tourist destination on Maui, resulting in a congestion of people and vehicles, although the ambiance remains relaxed and casual LÄhainÄ is a town and census-designated place (CDP) located in West Maui, Maui County. ... KÄneÊ»ohe is a town and census-designated place (CDP) included in the City & County of Honolulu and located in HawaiÊ»i state District of KoÊ»olaupoko on the Island of OÊ»ahu. ... View across Kailua Beach to the offshore islands known as Na Mokulua off Lanikai Kailua is a census-designated place located in the City & County of Honolulu, in the Koolaupoko District of Oahu on the windward coast at Kailua Bay. ... Pearl City is town and a census-designated place (CDP) located in the ‘Ewa District and City & County of Honolulu on the Island of Oahu. ... Waipahu is a former sugar mill town and now census-designated place (CDP) located in the â€˜Ewa District on the Island of Oâ€˜ahu in the City & County of Honolulu, Hawaiâ€˜i. ... Kahului is the largest town on the Hawaiian island of Maui and is located along the north shore of central Maui. ... There is also a town of Kailua on the Island of O‘ahu. ... Kihei is a census-designated place located in Maui County, Hawaii. ... Cruise ship docked in Port of NÄwiliwili LÄ«huâ€˜e is the largest town on the Hawaiian Island of Kauaâ€˜i in Hawaiâ€˜i. ...

Demographics

Population

As of 2005, Hawaiʻi has an estimated population of 1,275,194, which is an increase of 13,070, or 1.0%, from the prior year and an increase of 63,657, or 5.3%, since the year 2000. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 48,111 people (that is 96,028 births minus 47,917 deaths) and an increase due to net migration of 16,956 people into the state. Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 30,068 people, and migration within the country produced a net loss of 13,112 people. The center of population of Hawaiʻi is located directly between the two islands of Oʻahu and Molokaʻi.^[34]

Hawaiʻi has a de facto population of over 1.3 million due to military presence and tourists. Oʻahu, which is nicknamed "The Gathering Place", is the most populous island (and the one with the highest population density), with a resident population of just under one million in 597 square miles (1,546 km²), about 1,650 people per square mile (for comparison, New Jersey, which has 8,717,925 people in 7,417 square miles (19,210 km²) is the most-densely populated state with 1,134 people per square mile.)^[35] Hawaiʻi's 1,275,194 people, spread over 6,423 square miles (including many unpopulated islands) results in an average population density of 188.6 persons per square mile,^[36] which makes Hawaiʻi less densely populated than states like Ohio and Illinois.^[37]

The average projected lifespan of those born in Hawaiʻi in the year 2000 is 79.8 years (77.1 years if male, 82.5 if female), longer than the residents of any other state.^[38]

U.S. military personnel make up approximately 1.3% of the total population in the islands.

Ethnicities

Ethnically, Hawaiʻi is one of only four states of the U.S. in which non-Hispanic whites do not form a majority, and has the largest percentage of Asian Americans. Hawaiʻi was the second majority-minority state in the United States. Both Hawaiʻi and New Mexico have been majority-minority regions since the early 20th century, but New Mexico became a state before Hawaiʻi. Hawaiʻi also has the largest percentage of persons of mixed race, who constitute some 20% of the total population.^[39] There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... An Asian American is a person of Asian ancestry or origin who was born in or is an immigrant to the United States. ... US states and districts in which non-Hispanic whites are a plurality/minority. ... For other uses, see New Mexico (disambiguation). ... Actress Halle Berry was born to a white mother and a black father The terms multiracial and mixed-race describe people whose parents are not the same race, or the descendants of such mixed people. ...

Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the United States Census Bureau and the Federal Office of Management and Budget (OMB), is a self-identification data item in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify. ...

Ancestry groups

The third group of foreigners to arrive upon Hawaiʻi's shores, after the Polynesians and Europeans, were the Chinese. Chinese employees serving on Western trading ships disembarked and settled starting in 1789. In 1820 the first American missionaries arrived in Hawaiʻi to preach Christianity and teach the Hawaiians what the missionaries considered modern ways. They were instrumental in convincing Chiefs to end the practice of human sacrifice. A large proportion of Hawaiʻi's population has become a people of Asian ancestry (especially Chinese, Japanese and Filipino) many of whom are descendants from those waves of early foreign immigrants brought to the islands in the nineteenth century, beginning in the 1850s, to work on the sugar plantations. The first 153 Japanese immigrants arrived in Hawaiʻi on June 19, 1868. They were not "legally" approved by the Japanese government established after the Meiji Restoration because the contract was between a broker and the Tokugawa shogunate, by then terminated. The first Japanese government-approved immigrants arrived in Hawaiʻi on February 9, 1885 after Kalākaua's petition to Emperor Meiji when Kalākaua visited Japan in 1881. Anthem () Imperial Reign Capital (and largest city) Tokyo1 Official languages Japanese Government Constitutional monarchy - Emperor HIM Emperor Akihito - Prime Minister Shinzo Abe (LDP) Formation - National Foundation Day February 11, 660 BC3 - Meiji Constitution November 29, 1890 - Current constitution May 3, 1947 - Treaty of San Francisco April 28, 1952 Area - Total... Serving from 1999 to 2003, Army General Eric Shinseki of Hawaii became the first Asian American military chief of staff. ... Carving from the ridgepole of a MÄori house, ca 1840 Polynesia (from Greek: Ï€Î¿Î»ÏÏ‚ many, Î½á¿†ÏƒÎ¿Ï‚ island) is a large grouping of over 1,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean. ... Native Hawaiians (in Hawaiian, kÄnaka Åiwi or kÄnaka maoli) are member[s] or descendant[s] of the indigenous Polynesian people of the Hawaiian Islands.[2] Native Hawaiians trace their ancestry back to the first Marquesan and Tahitian settlers of Hawaii (possibly as early as AD 400), before the... This article is about the country in Southeast Asia. ... In 1998, Benjamin J. Cayetano became the first Filipino American (and second Asian American after Governor George R. Ariyoshi) to be elected state Governor of the United States. ... â€œDeutschlandâ€ redirects here. ... German Americans are citizens of the United States of German ancestry. ... For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... A Chinese American is an American who is of ethnic Chinese descent. ... Anthem: The Soldiers Song Republic of Ireland() â€“ on the European continent() â€“ in the European Union() â€” [] Capital (and largest city) Dublin Official languages Irish, English Ethnic groups White: 94. ... Irish population density in the United States, 1872. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... English Americans (occasionally known as Anglo-Americans) are citizens of the United States whose ancestry originates wholly or partly in England. ... For other uses, see Portugal (disambiguation). ... Portuguese Americans are citizens of the United States whose ancestry originates in the southwest European nation of Portugal. ... For the board game, see Puerto Rico (board game). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Puerto Rican. ... For other places with the same name, see Korea (disambiguation). ... A Korean American is a person of Korean ancestry who was either born in or is an immigrant to the United States. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or simply black) is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. ... â€œItalian Republicâ€ redirects here. ... An Italian-American is an American of Italian descent either born in America or someone who has immigrated. ... This article is about the country in North America. ... The ethnonym Mexican-American describes United States citizens of Mexican ancestry (14 million in 2003) and Mexican citizens who reside in the US (10 million in 2003). ... Motto: LibertÃ©, Ã‰galitÃ©, FraternitÃ© Liberty, Equality, Fraternity Anthem: La Marseillaise France() â€“ on the European continent() â€“ in the European Union() Capital (and largest city) Paris Official languages French Demonym French Government Unitary semi-presidential republic - President Nicolas Sarkozy - Prime Minister FranÃ§ois Fillon Formation - French State 843 French State Formed - Current... A French American or Franco-American is a citizen of the United States of America of French descent and heritage. ... â€œUKâ€ redirects here. ... British Americans are citizens of the British or partial British ancestry. ... This article is about the country. ... This article is about the country. ... Scottish Americans or Scots Americans are citizens of the United States whose ancestry originates in the northwest European nation of Scotland. ... Whites redirects here. ... An Asian American is a person of Asian ancestry or origin who was born in or is an immigrant to the United States. ... The Meiji Restoration ), also known as the Meiji Ishin, Revolution, or Renewal, was a chain of events that led to enormous changes in Japans political and social structure. ... The Tokugawa shogunate or Tokugawa bakufu (å¾³å·å¹•åºœ) (also known as the Edo bakufu) was a feudal military dictatorship of Japan established in 1603 by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family until 1868. ... Emperor Meiji ) (November 3, 1852 â€” July 30, 1912) was the 122nd emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession, reigning from February 3, 1867 until his death. ...

Almost 13,000 Portuguese had come to Hawaiʻi by 1899. They worked on the sugar plantations, as many had done previously. By October 17, 1901, 5,000 Puerto Ricans had made their new homes on the four islands. Currently, there are over 30,000 Puerto Ricans or Hawaiian-Puerto Ricans and almost 50,000 Hawaiian-Portuguese living in Hawaiʻi.

Languages

The State of Hawaiʻi has two official languages recognized in its constitution adopted at the 1978 constitutional convention: English and Hawaiian. Article XV, Section 4, specifies that "Hawaiian shall be required for public acts and transactions only as provided by law" [italic added]. Hawaiʻi Creole English (locally referred to as 'Pidgin') is the native dialect of many born-and-raised residents and is a second dialect for many other residents. After English, the second-, third- and fourth-most spoken individual languages are Tagalog (most are bilingual in Wikang Filipino), Japanese, and Ilokano respectively. Significant European immigrants and descendants also speak their native languages; the most numerous are Spanish, German, Portuguese and French. As of the 2000 Census, 73.44% of Hawaiʻi residents age 5 and older speak only English at home. Tagalog speakers make up 5.37% (which includes non-native speakers of Wikang Filipino, the national co-official Tagalog-based language), followed by Japanese at 4.96%, Ilokano at 4.05%, Chinese at 1.92%, Hawaiian at 1.68%, Spanish at 1.66%, Korean at 1.61%, and Samoan at 1.01%.^[41] The 1978 Hawaii State Constitutional Convention launched the careers of over a dozen politicians who would become legends in modern Hawaiian history. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Tagalog (pronounced ) is one of the major languages of the Republic of the Philippines. ... Filipino (formerly Pilipino) is the national and an official language of the Philippines as designated in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. ... To view the Ilokano edition of this Wikipedia article, select from the in other languages Ilokano (variants: Ilocano, Iluko, Iloco, and Iloko) is the third most-spoken language of the Republic of the Philippines. ... This article deals with the European people as an ethnic group or ethnic groups. ... Filipino (formerly Pilipino) is the national and an official language of the Philippines as designated in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. ... To view the Ilokano edition of this Wikipedia article, select from the in other languages Ilokano (variants: Ilocano, Iluko, Iloco, and Iloko) is the third most-spoken language of the Republic of the Philippines. ...

Hawaiian is a member of the Polynesian branch of the Austronesian family. It began to develop around 1000 A.D., when Marquesans or Tahitians of that era colonized Hawaiʻi. Those Polynesians remained in the islands, thereby becoming the Hawaiian people. Consequently, their language developed into the Hawaiian language. Before the arrival of Captain James Cook, the Hawaiian language was never written. The written form of Hawaiian was developed mainly by American Protestant missionaries during 1820–1826. They assigned letters from the Latin alphabet that corresponded to the Hawaiian sounds. The Polynesian languages are a language family spoken in the region known as Polynesia. ... Austronesian redirects here. ... For other uses, see Missionary (disambiguation). ...

Interest in the Hawaiian language increased significantly in the late 20th century. With the help of the Office of Hawaiian Affairs, created by the 1978 constitutional convention, specially designated Hawaiian language immersion schools were established where students would be taught in all subjects using Hawaiian. Also, the University of Hawaiʻi developed a Hawaiian language graduate studies program. Municipal codes were altered in favor of Hawaiian place and street names for new civic developments. The Office of Hawaiian Affairs, also popularly known by its acronym OHA, is a semi-autonomous entity of the state of Hawaii charged with the administration of 1. ... Jean Charlots mural called Commencement is featured at Bachman Hall, the administrative center of the University of Hawai`i System. ...

Hawaiian distinguishes between long and short vowels. In modern written Hawaiian, vowel length can be indicated with a macron (kahakō). Also, Hawaiian has the glottal stop as a consonant. In writing, it can be indicated with the apostrophe, with the opening single quote, or with the (ʻokina). A macron, from Greek (makros) meaning large, is a diacritic Â¯ placed over a vowel originally to indicate that the vowel is long. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The glottal stop is used in many Polynesian languages and known under various names as for instance: // Encoding and displaying the Polynesian glottal Old conventions In plain ASCII the glottal is sometimes represented by the apostrophe character (), ASCII value 39 in decimal and 27 in hexadecimal, which in most fonts...

In Hawaiian-language newspapers published from 1834–1948, the spelling Hawaii was used. However, in texts written mainly for Hawaiian-language pedagogy, especially since 1950, the modern Hawaiian-language spelling used is Hawaiʻi, with an okina written between the final two vowels. The modern spelling is pushed mainly by teachers of Hawaiian language at the University of Hawaiʻi. However, traditional native speakers of Hawaiian generally never use okinas nor kahakos in their own writing. For this reason, some teachers of Hawaiian language, such as NeSmith^{[citation needed]}, are advocating greater appreciation for the traditional native spellings with no okinas nor kahakos.

Some locals speak Hawaii Creole English (HCE), often called "pidgin". The lexicon of HCE derives mainly from English but also has words from Hawaiian, Chinese, Japanese, Ilocano and Tagalog from the Philippines and Portuguese. During the 19th century, there was a great increase in immigration from foreign countries (mainly China, Japan, Portugal — especially from the Azores archipelago — and Spain), and a pidgin English developed which by the early 20th century became a creole English, as pidgin speakers had children who acquired the pidgin as their own native language. HCE speakers can use some Hawaiian words without those words being considered archaic. Most place names are retained from Hawaiian, as are some names for plants or animals. For example, tuna fish are often called "ahi". HCE speakers have modified the meanings of certain English words. For example, the terms "aunty" and "uncle" can be used to refer to any adult who is a friend, or a friend to the family. It is also used as a sign of respect for elders. Throughout the surfing boom in Hawaiʻi, HCE has influenced surfer slang. Some HCE expressions, such as brah and da kine, have found their way to other places. This article is about simplified languages. ... Ilocano, also Iloko and Ilokano, refers to the language and culture associated with the Ilocano people, the third largest ethnic group in the Philippines. ... Tagalog (pronounced ) is one of the major languages of the Republic of the Philippines. ... Species Thunnus alalunga Thunnus albacares Thunnus atlanticus Thunnus maccoyii Thunnus obesus Thunnus orientalis Thunnus thynnus Thunnus tonggol Tuna are several species of ocean-dwelling fish in the family Scombridae, mostly in the genus Thunnus. ... For other uses, see Surfing (disambiguation). ...

Certain words can be dropped if their meaning is implicit. For example, instead of saying "It is hot today, isn't it?", an HCE speaker is likely to say simply "stay hot, eh?" When a word does not come to mind quickly, the slang term is "Da Kine" which refers to any word you can't think of.

Spelling of state name

A somewhat divisive political issue that has arisen since the constitution of the State of Hawaiʻi added Hawaiian as a second official state language is the exact spelling of the state's name in official documents. As prescribed in the Hawaii Admission Act that granted Hawaiian statehood, the federal government recognizes Hawaii to be the official state name. Official government publications,^{[citation needed]} as well as department and office titles,^{[citation needed]} use the traditional Hawaiian spelling, that is, with no symbols for glottal stops or vowel length. In contrast, some private entities, including a local newspaper, are using such symbols. In April 1959, Hawaii Delegate John A. Burns prepared to slice the Hawaii Statehood Cake at Capitol Hill with Democrat Congressmen D. S. Saund of California, James Haley of Florida and Al Ullman of Oregon. ...

The title of the state constitution is "The Constitution of the State of Hawaii". In Article XV therein, Section 1 uses "The State of Hawaii", Section 2 "the island of Oahu", Section 3 "The Hawaiian flag", and Section 5 specifies the state motto as "Ua mau ke ea o ka aina i ka pono". Since these documents predate the modern use of the ʻokina and the kahakō in Hawaiian orthography, the disputed spelling conventions were not used in these cases. The glottal stop is used in many Polynesian languages and known under various names as for instance: // Encoding and displaying the Polynesian glottal Old conventions In plain ASCII the glottal is sometimes represented by the apostrophe character (), ASCII value 39 in decimal and 27 in hexadecimal, which in most fonts... A macron, from Greek (makros) meaning large, is a diacritic Â¯ placed over a vowel originally to indicate that the vowel is long. ...

The nuances in the Hawaiian language debate are often not obvious or well-appreciated among English speakers outside Hawaiʻi. The issue has often been a source of friction in situations where correct naming conventions are mandated, as people frequently disagree over which spelling is correct or incorrect, and where it is correctly or incorrectly applied.

Religion

Religion as distributed among the Hawaiian population are as follows:^[42]^[43]^[44]

Topics in Christianity Preaching Prayer Ecumenism Relation to other religions Movements Music Liturgy Calendar Symbols Art Criticism Christianity Portal This box: Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ... Buddhism is a Dharmic religion and philosophy[1] with between 230 to 500 million adherents worldwide. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Economy

The history of Hawaiʻi can be traced through a succession of dominating industries: sandalwood^[46] , whaling^[47], sugarcane (see Sugar plantations in Hawaiʻi), pineapple, military, tourism, and education. Since statehood was achieved in 1959, tourism has been the largest industry in Hawaiʻi, contributing 24.3% of the Gross State Product (GSP) in 1997. New efforts are underway to diversify the economy. The total gross output for the state in 2003 was US$47 billion; per capita income for Hawaiʻi residents was US$30,441. Hawaii has the eighteenth highest per capita income in the United States of America, at $21,525 (2000). ... The branches of a young sandalwood tree found in Hawaii Sandalwood is the fragrant wood of trees in the genus Santalum. ... The crew of the oceanographic research vessel Princesse Alice, of Albert Grimaldi (later Prince Albert I of Monaco) pose while flensing a catch. ... Species Saccharum arundinaceum Saccharum bengalense Saccharum edule Saccharum officinarum Saccharum procerum Saccharum ravennae Saccharum robustum Saccharum sinense Saccharum spontaneum Sugarcane or Sugar cane (Saccharum) is a genus of 6 to 37 species (depending on taxonomic interpretation) of tall perennial grasses (family Poaceae, tribe Andropogoneae), native to warm temperate to tropical... Sugarcane was introduced to Hawai`i by its first inhabitants in approximately 600 AD and was observed by Captain Cook upon arrival to the islands in 1778. ... For other uses, see Pineapple (disambiguation). ... Tourist redirects here. ...

Industrial exports from Hawaiʻi include food processing and apparel. These industries play a small role in the Hawaiʻi economy, however, due to the considerable shipping distance to the ports and population of the West Coast of the United States. Food exports include coffee, macadamia nuts, pineapple, livestock, and sugarcane. Agricultural sales for 2002, according to the Hawaiʻi Agricultural Statistics Service, were US$370.9 million from diversified agriculture, US$100.6 million from pineapple, and US$64.3 million from sugarcane. For other uses, see Coffee (disambiguation). ... Species Macadamia claudiensis Macadamia grandis Macadamia hildebrandii Macadamia integrifolia Macadamia jansenii Macadamia ternifolia Macadamia tetraphylla Macadamia whelanii Macadamia neurophylla Macadamia is a genus of nine species of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae, with a disjunct distribution native to eastern Australia (seven species), New Caledonia (one species M. neurophylla) and... For other uses, see Pineapple (disambiguation). ... Sheep are commonly bred as livestock. ... Species Saccharum arundinaceum Saccharum bengalense Saccharum edule Saccharum officinarum Saccharum procerum Saccharum ravennae Saccharum robustum Saccharum sinense Saccharum spontaneum Sugarcane or Sugar cane (Saccharum) is a genus of 6 to 37 species (depending on taxonomic interpretation) of tall perennial grasses (family Poaceae, tribe Andropogoneae), native to warm temperate to tropical...

Hawaiʻi is known for its relatively high per capita state tax burden. In the years 2002 and 2003, Hawaiʻi residents had the highest state tax per capita at US$2,757 and US$2,838, respectively. This rate can be explained partly by the fact that services such as education, health care and social services are all rendered at the state level, as opposed to the municipal level in all other states.

Millions of tourists contribute to the collection figure by paying the general excise tax and hotel room tax; thus not all the taxes collected come directly from residents. Business leaders, however, have often considered the state's tax burden as being too high, contributing to both higher prices and the perception of an unfriendly business climate.^[48] See the list of businesses in Hawaii for more information on commerce in the state. Tax rates around the world Tax revenue as % of GDP Economic policy Monetary policy Central bank Money supply Fiscal policy Spending Deficit Debt Trade policy Tariff Trade agreement Finance Financial market Financial market participants Corporate Personal Public Banking Regulation Excise tax, sometimes called an excise duty, is a type of...

Until recently, Hawaiʻi was the only state in the U.S. that attempted to control gasoline prices through a Gas Cap Law. The law was enacted during a period when oil profits in Hawaiʻi in relation to the mainland U.S. were under scrutiny, and sought to tie local gasoline prices to those of the mainland. The law took effect in September 2005 amid price fluctuations caused by Hurricane Katrina. The Hawaiʻi state legislature suspended the law in April 2006. The Hawaii Gas Cap Law is a legal limit on wholesale gasoline prices, or the maximum amount that may be charged for producing gasoline and delivering it to a service station. ...

Culture

The aboriginal culture of Hawaiʻi is Polynesian. Hawaiʻi represents the northernmost extension of the vast Polynesian triangle of the south and central Pacific Ocean. While traditional Hawaiian culture remains only as vestiges influencing modern Hawaiian society, there are reenactments of the ceremonies and traditions throughout the islands. Some of these cultural influences are strong enough to have affected the culture of the United States at large, including the popularity (in greatly modified form) of luaus and hula. The term indigenous peoples or autochthonous peoples can be used to describe any ethnic group who inhabit the geographic region with which they have the earliest historical connection. ... Carving from the ridgepole of a MÄori house, ca 1840 Polynesia (from Greek: Ï€Î¿Î»ÏÏ‚ many, Î½á¿†ÏƒÎ¿Ï‚ island) is a large grouping of over 1,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean. ... Carving from the ridgepole of a MÄori house, ca 1840 Polynesia (from Greek: Ï€Î¿Î»ÏÏ‚ many, Î½á¿†ÏƒÎ¿Ï‚ island) is a large grouping of over 1,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean. ... Dancers and musicians at a commercial luau A luau (in Hawaiian, lÅ«â€˜au) is a Hawaiian feast. ... This article is about the Hawaiian dance. ...

Hawaiʻi is also home to numerous cultural events. The annual Merrie Monarch Festival is an international Hula competition.^[49] The state is also home to the Hawaii International Film Festival, the premier film festival for pacific rim cinema.^[50] Honolulu is also home to the state's long running GLBT film festival, the Rainbow Film Festival.^[51]^[52] This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The East Hawaii Cultural Center is a Hilo, Hawaii-based cultural center that has regular art exhibits and holds workshops and classes. ... The Hilo Art Museum was chartered in 2007 by a group of Hawaii Island citizens desiring to share their love of art with others in their isolated island home. ... This is a list of state parks, monuments, and recreation areas managed by the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources: // Hawaii (island) Akaka Falls State Park Kolekole Beach Park Hapuna Beach State Recreation Area Kalopa State Recreation Area Kealakekua Bay State Historical Park Kona Coast (Kekaha Kai) State Park... List of authors with roots in Hawaii: Kiana Davenport George Parsons Lathrop, journalist, poet Tara Bray Smith Lois-Ann Yamanaka Categories: Culture in Hawaii | Stub ... The music of Hawaii includes an array of traditional and popular styles, ranging from native Hawaiian folk music to modern rock and hip hop. ... The Polynesian Cultural Center (PCC) is a living museum located in LÄie, on the northern part of Oahu, Hawaii. ... Polynesian mythology is the oral traditions of the people of Polynesia (meaning many islands in Greek) a grouping of Central and South Pacific Ocean island archipelagos in the Polynesian triangle together with the scattered cultures known as the Polynesian outliers. ... Also see the destination guide on Wikitravel:Hawaii. ... The Merrie Monarch Festival is a week-long hula festival that takes place annually in Hilo, Hawaii. ... This article is about the Hawaiian dance. ... LGBT (or GLBT) is an acronym used as a collective term to refer to lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgender people. ...

Health

Hawaiʻi's health care system insures over 95% of residents. Under the state's plan, all businesses are required to provide employees who work more than twenty hours per week with health care. Heavy regulation of insurance companies helps keep the cost to employers down. In addition, due in part to the system's emphasis on preventive care, Hawaiians require hospital treatment less frequently than their counterparts in the rest of the United States, while total health care expenses (measured as a percentage of state GDP) are substantially lower. Given these achievements, proponents of universal health care elsewhere in the U.S. have sometimes used Hawaiʻi as a model for proposed federal and state health care plans. Critics, however, claim that Hawaii's success is due at least in part to its mild climate and to its status as a chain of islands whose economy is heavily based on tourism: features that make it more difficult for businesses unhappy with paying the plan's premiums to relocate elsewhere.^[53] Universal health care, or universal healthcare, is health care coverage which is extended to all citizens, and sometimes permanent residents, of a governmental region. ...

Education

Hawaiʻi is currently the only state in the union with a unified school system statewide. Policy decisions are made by the fourteen-member state Board of Education, with thirteen members elected for four-year terms and one non-voting student member. The Board of Education sets statewide educational policy and hires the state superintendent of schools, who oversees the operations of the state Department of Education. The Department of Education is also divided into seven districts, four on Oʻahu and one for each of the other counties. The HawaiÊ»i State Department of Education is the most centralized and only statewide public education system in the United States. ...

The structure of the state Department of Education has been a subject of discussion and controversy in recent years. The main rationale for the current centralized model is equity in school funding and distribution of resources: leveling out inequalities that would exist between highly populated Oʻahu and the more rural Neighbor Islands, and between lower-income and more affluent areas of the state. This system of school funding differs from many localities in the United States where schools are funded from local property taxes.

Policy initiatives have been made in recent years toward decentralization. Current Republican Governor Linda Lingle is a proponent of replacing the current statewide board with seven elected district boards. The Democratic-controlled state legislature opposed her proposal, instead favoring expansion of decision-making power to the schools and giving schools more discretion over budgeting. Political debate on structural reform is likely to continue for the foreseeable future.

It has been challenging for educators to learn what constitutes effective instruction for the large populations of children of non-native English-speaking immigrants, whose cultures are often different in many ways from that of the mainland U.S., whence most of the course materials come, and where most of the standards for schools are set.

The public elementary, middle, and high school scores in Hawaiʻi tend to be below average on national tests as mandated under the No Child Left Behind Act. Some of this can be attributed to the Hawaiʻi State Board of Education requiring all eligible students to take these tests and reporting all student test scores unlike, for example, Texas and Michigan. Results reported in August 2005 indicate that two-thirds of Hawaiʻi's schools failed to reach federal minimum performance standards in math and reading (of 282 schools across the state, 185 failed).^[54] President Bush signing the bipartisan No Child Left Behind Act at Hamilton H.S. in Hamilton, Ohio. ...

On the other hand, results of the ACT college placement tests show that Hawaiʻi class of 2005 seniors scored slightly above the national average (21.9 compared with 20.9) (Honolulu Advertiser, August 17, 2005, p. B1). It should be noted that fewer students take the ACT examination than take the more widely accepted SAT examination. On the SAT, Hawaiʻi's college bound seniors tend to score below the national average in all categories except math. The ACTÂ® test is a standardized achievement examination for college admissions in the United States produced by ACT, Inc. ... For other uses, see SAT (disambiguation). ...

Schools and academies

The Hawaiʻi State Department of Education operates all of the public schools in the State of Hawaiʻi. Hawaiʻi has the distinction of educating more students in independent institutions of secondary education than any other state in the United States. It also has four of the largest independent schools: ʻIolani School, Kamehameha Schools, Mid-Pacific Institute, and Punahou School. The second Buddhist high school in the United States, and first Buddhist high school in Hawaiʻi, Pacific Buddhist Academy, was founded in 2003. (The first Buddhist high school in the United States was Developing Virtue Secondary School founded in 1981 in Ukiah, California.) An independent school is a school which is not dependent upon national or local government for financing its operation and is instead operated by tuition charges, gifts, and perhaps the investment yield of an endowment. ... Name Iolani School Address 563 Kamoku Street Town Honolulu, Hawaii 96826 Established 1863 Community Urban Type Independent Religion Episcopal Church Students Coeducational Grades K to 12 Accreditation Western Association of Schools and Colleges Nickname Raiders Mascot Io (Hawaiian Hawk) Colors Black, Red and White Motto One Team, humble in victory... Name Kamehameha Schools Address 567 South King Street, Suite 200 Town Honolulu, Hawaii Established 1887 Community Urban Type Independent Primary and Secondary Religion Protestant Students Coeducational Grades Preschool to 12 Accreditation Western Association of Schools and Colleges District Kalihi Subdistrict Alewa Hts. ... Name Mid-Pacific Institute Address 2445 Kaala Street Town Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 Established 1908 Community Urban Religion Christian (non-denominational) Students Coeducational Grades Pre-K to 12 Accreditation Western Association of Schools and Colleges Nickname Mid-Pac or MPI Mascot Pueo (Hawaiian Short-eared Owl) Colors Green and White Motto... The school was originally called Oahu College, and the main gate at the corner of Wilder and Punahou Street reflects this. ... Classrooms of Developing Virtue Boys School Classrooms of Developing Virtue Girls School Developing Virtue Secondary School (DVS, traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Peide Zhongxue) is a private Buddhist school located in the town of Talmage, California, and also the first Buddhist high school founded in the United States. ...

Both independent and charter schools can select their students, while the regular public schools must take all students in their district. The Kamehameha Schools are especially notable for being the only schools in the United States that openly grant admission to students based on ancestry and the wealthiest schools in the United States, if not the world, having the support of over nine billion US dollars in estate assets. The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ...

Colleges and universities

Graduates of institutions of secondary learning in Hawaiʻi often either enter directly into the work force or attend colleges and universities. While many choose to attend colleges and universities on the mainland or elsewhere, most choose to attend one of many institutions of higher learning in Hawaiʻi. The largest of these institutions is the University of Hawaiʻi System. It consists of: (1) the flagship research university at Mānoa; (2) two comprehensive campuses Hilo and West Oʻahu; and (7) seven Community Colleges. Students choosing private education attend Brigham Young University–Hawaii, Chaminade University of Honolulu, Hawaiʻi Pacific University, or University of the Nations. The Saint Stephen Diocesan Center is a seminary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu. This article is about the University of Hawaii system. ... Entrance to UH Manoa Campus UH Campus University of Hawaii, Upper Campus The University of Hawaii at MÄnoa is a public, co-educational university and is the flagship campus of the greater University of Hawaii system. ... The University of Hawaii at Hilo is one of ten branches of the University of Hawaii System anchored by the University of Hawaii at MÄnoa in Honolulu, Hawaii. ... The University of Hawaii-West Oahu, formerly West Oahu College, is one of ten branches of the University of Hawaii System anchored by the University of Hawaii at Mānoa in Honolulu, Hawaii. ... Chaminade University of Honolulu is a private coeducational university in Honolulu, Hawaii. ... The University of the Nations (U of N) is a Christian university providing coursework in over 50 languages at over 300 locations throughout the world. ... Saint Stephen Seminary was a diocesan minor seminary staffed by the Sulpician Fathers in the diocese of Honolulu closed in 1970. ... For the Ecuadorian artist, see Manuel RendÃ³n Seminario. ... Episcopal crest of Bishop Clarence Silva The Catholic Diocese of Honolulu is an ecclesiastical territory or particular church of the Catholic Church in the United States. ...

Law and government

The state government of Hawaiʻi is modeled after the federal government with adaptations originating from the kingdom era of Hawaiian history. As codified in the Constitution of Hawaiʻi, there are three branches of government: executive, legislative and judicial. Hawaii used to be a Democratic stronghold in U.S. Presidential elections (Al Gore won it by 18. ... // History and Current Issues This only covers the history of the politics of the State of Hawaii. ... GOP redirects here. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas Politics Portal Further information: Politics of the United States#Organization of American political parties The Democratic... The United States presidential election of 2008, scheduled to be held on November 4, 2008, will be the 55th consecutive quadrennial president and vice president of the United States. ... The United States presidential election of 2004 was held on Tuesday, November 2, 2004 to elect the president. ... The United States presidential election of 2000 was a contest between the Democratic candidate Al Gore versus the Republican candidate of George W. Bush. ... Presidential electoral votes. ... The United States presidential elections of 1992 featured a battle between incumbent President, Republican George Bush; Democrat Bill Clinton, the governor of Arkansas; and independent candidate Ross Perot, a Texas businessman. ... The United States presidential election of 1988 featured an open primary for both major parties. ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ... The United States presidential election of 1980 featured a contest between incumbent Democrat Jimmy Carter and his Republican opponent, Ronald Reagan, along with third party candidates, the independent John B. Anderson and Libertarian Ed Clark. ... The United States presidential election of 1976 followed the resignation of President Richard M. Nixon in the wake of the Watergate scandal. ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ... The United States presidential election of 1968 was a wrenching national experience, and included the assassination of Democratic candidate Robert F. Kennedy, the violence at the 1968 Democratic National Convention, and widespread demonstrations against the Vietnam War across American university and college campuses. ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ... The United States presidential election of 1960 marked the end of Dwight D. Eisenhowers two terms as President. ... The Constitution of Hawaii refers to various legal documents throughout the history of the Hawaiian Islands that defined the fundamental principles of authority and governance within its sphere of jurisdiction. ...

The executive branch is led by the Governor of Hawaiʻi and assisted by the Lieutenant Governor of Hawaiʻi, both elected on the same ticket. The governor, in residence at the grounds of Washington Place, is the only public official elected for the state government in a statewide race; all other administrators and judges are appointed by the governor. The lieutenant governor is concurrently the Secretary of State of Hawaiʻi. Both the governor and lieutenant governor administer their duties from the Hawaiʻi State Capitol. The governor and lieutenant governor oversee the major agencies and departments of the executive of which there are twenty. The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. ... Lieutenant Governors of Hawaii have been administering their duties from the Hawaii State Capitol since 1969. ... Washington Place is a Greek Revival home in the Capital District in Honolulu, HawaiÊ»i and was formerly the official residence of the Governor of HawaiÊ»i. ... Lieutenant Governors of Hawaii have been administering their duties from the Hawaii State Capitol since 1969. ...

The legislative branch consists of the Hawaiʻi State Legislature — the twenty-five members of the Hawaiʻi Senate led by the President of the Senate and the fifty-one members of the Hawaiʻi House of Representatives led by the Speaker of the House. They also govern from the Hawaiʻi State Capitol. The judicial branch is led by the highest state court, the Hawaiʻi State Supreme Court, which uses Aliʻiōlani Hale as its chambers. Lower courts are organized as the Hawaiʻi State Judiciary. The Hawaii State Senate is the upper chamber of the Hawaii State Legislature which governs from Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. There are twenty-five members from various electoral districts. ... The President of the Senate is the title often given to the presiding officer, or chairman, of a senate. ... The Hawaii House of Representatives is the lower house of the Hawaii State Legislature. ... It has been suggested that Speakers of the House be merged into this article or section. ...

The state is represented in the United States Congress by a delegation of four members. They are the senior and junior United States Senators, the representative of Hawaiʻi's 1st congressional district and the representative of Hawaiʻi's 2nd congressional district. Many Hawaiʻi residents have been appointed to administer other agencies and departments of the federal government by the President of the United States. All federal officers of Hawaiʻi administer their duties locally from the Prince Kūhiō Federal Building near the Aloha Tower and Honolulu Harbor. Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political... These are tables of congressional delegations from Hawaii to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives. ... Type Upper House President of the Senate Richard B. Cheney, R since January 20, 2001 President pro tempore Robert C. Byrd, D since January 4, 2007 Members 100 Political groups Democratic Party Republican Party Last elections November 7, 2006 Meeting place Senate Chamber United States Capitol Washington, DC United States... The First Congressional District of Hawaii was officially established in 1971, defined as a result of a United States Census Bureau report of the previous year indicating an increase in the population of the state of Hawaii. ... The Second Congressional District of Hawaii is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Hawaii, officially established in 1971, defined as a result of a United States Census Bureau report of the previous year indicating an increase in the population of the state of Hawaii. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas US Government Portal For other uses, see President of the United States (disambiguation). ... The Prince KÅ«hiÅ Federal Building, formally the Prince Jonah KÅ«hiÅ Kalanianaâ€˜ole Federal Building and United States Courthouse, is the official seat of the United States federal government and its local branches of various agencies and departments in the state of Hawaiâ€˜i. ... The Aloha Tower has been greeting vessels to port at Honolulu Harbor since September 11, 1926. ...

Hawaiʻi has supported Democrats in 10 of the 12 presidential elections in which it has participated with the exception of 1972 and 1984. In 2004, John Kerry won the state's 4 electoral votes by a margin of 9 percentage points with 54% of the vote. Every county in the state supported the Democratic candidate. In 1964, favorite son candidate, Senator Hiram Fong of Hawaiʻi sought the presidential nomination of the Republican Party while Patsy Mink ran in the Oregon primary in 1972. Presidential electoral votes by state. ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ... For other uses, see Favorite Son. ... GOP redirects here. ...

Honolulu native Barack Obama, serving as United States Senator from Illinois, was elected President of the United States on November 4, 2008 and sworn into office January 20, 2009. Obama had earlier won the Hawaiian Democratic Caucus on February 19, 2008 with 76% of the vote. Obama was the third Hawaii-born candidate to seek the nomination of a major party and the first presidential nominee to be from Hawaiʻi. Barack and Obama redirect here. ... The United States Senate is the upper house of the U.S. Congress, smaller than the United States House of Representatives. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas US Government Portal For other uses, see President of the United States (disambiguation). ...

The Prince Kūhiō Federal Building also houses agencies of the federal government such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Internal Revenue Service and the United States Secret Service. The building is the site of the federal courts and the offices of the United States Attorney for the District of Hawaiʻi, principal police officer of the United States Department of Justice in the United States District Court for the District of Hawaiʻi. F.B.I. and FBI redirect here. ... Seal of the Internal Revenue Service Tax rates around the world Tax revenue as % of GDP Part of the Taxation series IRS redirects here. ... USSS redirects here. ... The United States Attorney for the District of Hawaii — also known as the United States Attorney and U.S. Attorney — is the chief law enforcement officer representing the Federal Government of the United States and principal authority of the United States Department of Justice in the state of Hawaii. ... Police officers in South Australia German state police officer in Hamburg A police officer (also known as a policeman or police constable, and colloquially as copper, cop or bobby (on the beat)) is a warranted worker of a police force. ... Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building, Washington, D.C. For animal rights group, see Justice Department (JD) The United States Department of Justice (DOJ) is a Cabinet department in the United States government designed to enforce the law and defend the interests of the United States according to the... The United States District Court for the District of Hawaii is the principal trial court of the United States Federal Court System in the state of Hawaii. ...

Unique to Hawaiʻi is the way it has organized its municipal governments. There are no incorporated cities in Hawaiʻi except Honolulu County. All other municipal governments are administered at the county level. The county executives are the Mayor of Hawaiʻi, Mayor of Honolulu, Mayor of Kauaʻi and Mayor of Maui. All mayors in the state are elected in nonpartisan races. United States of America, showing states, divided into counties. ... The Mayor of Hawaii is the chief executive officer of the County of Hawaii in the state of Hawaii. ... Mayor of Honolulu Jeremy Harris gives the annual State of the City address from Honolulu Hale on January 25, 2001. ... The Mayor of Kauai is the chief executive officer of the County of Kauai in the state of Hawaii. ... The Mayor of Maui is the chief executive officer of the County of Maui in the state of Hawaii. ... In U.S. politics, nonpartisan denotes an election in which the candidates do not declare or do not formally have a political party affiliation. ...

The officers of the federal and state governments have been historically elected from the Democratic Party of Hawaiʻi and the Hawaiʻi Republican Party. Municipal charters in the state have declared all mayors to be elected in nonpartisan races. In U.S. politics, nonpartisan denotes an election in which the candidates do not declare or do not formally have a political party affiliation. ...

Transportation

Hawaiʻi has four federal highways: H-1, H-2, H-3, and H-201, all located on Oʻahu and all part of the Interstate Highway System. With the exception of H-201, which begins and ends on H-1, all the highways have at least one end point at or near a current or former military installation. A system of state highways encircles the each main island. Travel can be slow due to narrow winding roads on the coastlines. Travel can be significantly congested during morning and evening commute times in and out of Honolulu, particularly on the leeward side. H1 was constructed after Honolulu was well established, and on/off ramps are diverted throughout the city. Honolulu's public transit system, known as TheBus, was ranked number one in the country for 1994-1995 and again in 2000-2001 by the American Public Transportation Association.^[55] Interstate H-1 is an intrastate interstate highway in Hawaii, United States, on the island of Oahu. ... Interstate H-2 (also known as the Veterans Memorial Freeway) is an intrastate interstate highway located on the island of Oahu in Hawaii. ... Interstate H-3 (abbreviated H-3) is an intrastate interstate highway located on the island of Oâ€˜ahu in the state of Hawaiâ€˜i, United States. ... Interstate H-201 (H-201) is a tertiary Interstate highway located on the island of Oâ€˜ahu in the U.S. state of Hawaii. ... Interstate Highways in the 48 contiguous states. ... Below is a partial list of state highways in Hawaiâ€˜i. ... The American Public Transportation Association is a Washington, DC based non-profit organization that serves as an advocate for the advancement of public transportation programs and initiatives in the United States since the organizations founding in 1882. ...

Aviation is an important part of Hawaiʻi's transportation network, as most interisland travel takes place using commercial airlines. Hawaiian Airlines, Mokulele Airlines, and go! use jets to travel between the larger commercial airports in Honolulu, Līhuʻe, Kahului, Kona, and Hilo, while Island Air and Pacific Wings serve smaller airports. These airlines also provide air freight service between the islands. An Airbus A380 of Emirates Airline An airline provides air transport services for passengers or freight. ... Mokulele Airlines is an independent commuter airline based in Kailua-Kona, Hawaii. ... This article is about the Hawaii-based airline. ... Island Air (officially Hawaii Island Air, Inc. ... Pacific Wings (Pacific Wings Airlines) is a commuter airline based in Kahului, Maui, Hawaii, USA. It operates scheduled and charter interisland services in Hawaii. ...

A ferry linked to TheBus began service in September 2007 known as TheBoat. Fare for TheBoat is $2.00, and it runs from Barber's Point to Aloha Tower Marketplace daily. Norwegian Cruise Lines provides American-flagged passenger cruise service between the islands. The Hawaii Superferry was scheduled to begin in the second half of 2007 between Oʻahu and other major islands. Legal issues over environmental impact statements and protests from residents of Maui and Kauaʻi temporarily delayed the implementation of this service, but service to Maui started in December 2007. On March 17, 2009, a court ruling prevented the Superferry to continue operations thus shutting it down.^[56] Norwegian Dawn passes Lower Manhattan on the way to Bermuda and the Bahamas. ... Hawaii Superferry Alakai, docking in Honolulu Harbor on June 30. ...

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