P.1127 and Kestrel
Hawker P.1127
Type	Experimental VSTOL aircraft
Manufacturer	Hawker
Designed by	Sydney Camm
Maiden flight	19 November 1960 (P.1127) 7 March 1964 (Kestrel)
Primary users	Royal Air Force USAF, DOD/NASA Luftwaffe
Number built	5 P.1127s 9 Kestrels
Variants	Hawker Siddeley Harrier

The Hawker P.1127 and the Hawker Siddeley Kestrel FGA.1 were the development aircraft that led to the Hawker Siddeley Harrier, the first VTOL jet fighter-bomber. Image File history File links Hawker_P._1127_-_NASA.jpg‎ Description: This picture may have usage restrictions Source: NASA File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Harrier Jump Jet Hawker P.1127 ... V/STOL is an acronym for Vertical/Short Take-Off and Landing. ... An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing, building, testing, selling, and maintaining aircraft, aircraft parts, missiles, rockets, and/or spacecraft. ... Hawker-Siddeley was a British aircraft manufacturing company. ... Sir Sydney Camm Sir Sydney Camm (1893–March 12, 1966) was a British aeronautical engineer who contributed to many aircraft designs, from the biplanes of the 1920s to jet fighters. ... The Maiden flight of an aircraft is the first occasion on which an aircraft leaves the ground of its own accord. ... is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This is a list of aviation-related events from 1960: Events January January 1 - Fiji Airways is reconstituted, becoming equally owned by BOAC, QANTAS, and Tasman Empire Airways. ... is the 66th day of the year (67th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This is a list of aviation-related events from 1964: // Events February February 7 - The Canadian Golden Hawks aerobatic team is disbanded. ... “RAF” redirects here. ... Seal of the Air Force. ... The United States Department of Defense, abbreviated DoD or DOD and sometimes called the Defense Department, is a civilian Cabinet organization of the United States government. ... This article is about the American space agency. ... The Deutsche Luftwaffe or   (German: air force, literally Air Weapon, pronounced lufft-va-fa, IPA: ) is the commonly used term for the German air force. ... See also BAE Sea Harrier The Hawker Siddeley Harrier and the AV-8A are the first generation of the Harrier series, a successful close-support and reconnaissance fighter aircraft with V/STOL capabilities. ... Hawker-Siddeley was a British aircraft manufacturing company. ... Hawker-Ciggerley was a group of UK aircraft manufacturing companies formed as a result of the merger of Hawker Aircraft with Armstrong Siddeley. ... See also BAE Sea Harrier The Hawker Siddeley Harrier and the AV-8A are the first generation of the Harrier series, a successful close-support and reconnaissance fighter aircraft with V/STOL capabilities. ... The Hawker Harrier, one of the famous examples of a plane with VTOL capability. ...

Background

In 1957, the Bristol Engine Company informed Sidney Camm of Hawker that they had a project to combine their Olympus and Orpheus jet engines to produce a directable fan jet (an idea that had been approached theoretically by the Frenchman M. Wilbaut). Hawker took the planned engine as a basis for a plane that could meet the current NATO specification for a Light Tactical Support Fighter. At the time there was no financial support for the development from the Treasury, but aid was found through the Mutual Weapon Development Project (MWDP) of NATO to keep the project running, in spite of the atmosphere post the 1957 Defence White Paper which was leading to cancellations of many other projects. By 1958, the British Air Staff showed some interest, but no further MWDP funds were available - much of the money was tied up for the Vickers Swallow swing-wing aircraft project. Some model work was done by NASA at Langley Field for the project. In April 1959 a formal request for the manufacture of prototypes was received and Hawker test pilots travelled to the US to gain VTOL experience on the Bell X-14. The Bristol Aeroplane Company (formerly British and Colonial Aeroplane Company) began building primitive Bristol Boxkites in a former tram shed and became famous for the production of the war-time Blenhein and Beaufighter, the Brabazon airliner prototypes, the Britannia and Freighter and the Belvedere and Sycamore helicopters. ... Sir Sydney Camm Sir Sydney Camm, FRAeS (1893–March 12, 1966) was an English aeronautical engineer who contributed to many aircraft designs, from the biplanes of the 1920s to jet fighters. ... Hawker-Siddeley was a British aircraft manufacturing company. ... Rolls-Royce Olympus 593 The Olympus is a high-powered axial-flow turbojet, originally developed at Bristol Aero Engines, later passed to Bristol Siddeley, and finally to Rolls-Royce. ... The Bristol Orpheus was a single spool turbojet developed by Bristol Aero Engines for various light fighter/trainer applications such as the Gnat and the Fiat G91Y. Later, the Orpheus formed the core of the first Pegasus vectored thrust turbofan. ... A Pratt and Whitney turbofan engine for the F-15 Eagle is tested at Robins Air Force Base, Georgia, USA. The tunnel behind the engine muffles noise and allows exhaust to escape. ... This article is about the military alliance. ... The 1957 White Paper on Defence was a British white paper setting forth the future as seen of the British military. ... A swing-wing is a wing configuration that allows it to alter its planform for various flight conditions. ... This article is about the American space agency. ... Langley Air Force Base (IATA: LFI, ICAO: KLFI) is located at in Hampton, Virginia is home of Air Combat Command. ... The Bell X-14 (Bell Type 68) was an experimental VTOL aircraft flown in the United States in the 1950s. ...

Development

P.1127

The last of the six P.1127 prototypes (XP984), later converted to the first Kestrel prototype with Pegasus 5 engine and swept wing.

The first prototype P.1127 was delivered in July 1960 for static engine testing and joined in October that year by the actual Pegasus flight engine designed by Sir Stanley Hooker. The first tethered flight took place the same month, and free flight hover in November following which publicity photos were made available. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2848 × 2136 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2848 × 2136 pixel, file size: 1. ... Rolls-Royce Pegasus The Rolls Royce Pegasus is a turbofan engine manufactured by Rolls-Royce plc. ... Sir Stanley Hooker Sir Stanley George Hooker (September 30, 1907 – May 24, 1984) was a jet engine engineer, first at Rolls-Royce where he worked on the earliest designs such as the Welland and Derwent, and later at Bristol Aero Engines where he helped bring the troubled Proteus and Olympus...

NATO now had a requirement, NBMR-3, specified for a VTOL aircraft, but one that was expected to have the performance of an aircraft like the F-4 Phantom along with the VTOL capability. Hawker drafted the P.1150, a supersonic P.1127 and the P.1154 which would meet NBMR-3. The latter was a winner of the NATO competition and development continued until cancelled at the point of prototype construction in 1965. The F-4 Phantom II (simply F-4 Phantom after 1990) is a two-place (tandem), supersonic, long-range, all-weather fighter-bomber built by McDonnell Douglas Corporation. ... The Hawker Siddeley P.1154 was a supersonic VSTOL fighter aircraft being developed alongside the subsonic Hawker P.1127/Kestrel. ...

Four more prototypes were ordered and the first true (conventional take off) flight of the P.1127 took place in February 1961. Its first complete VTOL to forward flight took place in September 1961. Through this period improved Pegasus engines were being delivered, the Pegasus 3 capable of 15,000 lbf (67 kN) of thrust. In 1963 a vertical landing was demonstrated on HMS Ark Royal, but later that year, the first prototype plane, XP831, crashed, without loss of life, at the Paris Air Show. HMS Ark Royal (R09) was an Audacious-class aircraft carrier of the British Royal Navy and, when she was decommissioned in 1978, was the Royal Navys last remaining conventional catapult and arrested-landing supercarrier. ... A Mirage 2000-5 at the Paris Air Show The Paris Air Show (Salon International de lAéronautique et de lEspace, Paris-Le Bourget) is an international trade fair for the aerospace business. ...

Kestrel FGA.1

Hawker Siddeley XV-6A Kestrel in USAF livery

Nine evaluation aircraft were ordered as the Hawker Siddeley Kestrel FGA.1, which was an improved version of the P.1127, the first flying on March 7, 1964. The Kestrel had fully swept wings and a larger tail than the P.1127, and the fuselage was modified to take the larger 15,000 lbf (85 kN) Pegasus 6 engine. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 532 pixelsFull resolution (1800 × 1198 pixel, file size: 252 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Description: Hawker Siddeley XV-6A Kestrel Source:USAF Museum File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 532 pixelsFull resolution (1800 × 1198 pixel, file size: 252 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Description: Hawker Siddeley XV-6A Kestrel Source:USAF Museum File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... is the 66th day of the year (67th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also Nintendo emulator: 1964 (emulator). ...

Due to interest from the US and Germany the Tri-partite Evaluation Squadron (TES) was formed, staffed by military test pilots from Britain, the US and West Germany. After testing at RAF West Raynham, during which one aircraft was lost, the eight surviving evaluation aircraft were transferred to the USA for evaluation by the Army, Air Force and Navy (including USMC) as the XV-6A Kestrel. After Tri-Service evaluation they were passed to the USAF for further evaluation at Edwards AFB. Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic  - President George Walker Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from... RAF West Raynham was a Royal Air Force station located to the west of the village of West Raynham in Norfolk, England. ... Seal of the Air Force. ... United States Marine Corps Emblem The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is the second smallest of the five branches of the United States armed forces, with 170,000 active and 40,000 reserve Marines as of 2002. ... Edwards Air Force Base is a base located on the border of Kern County and Los Angeles County, California in the Antelope Valley, northeast of Lancaster. ...

P.1127(RAF)

At the time of the development of the P.1127, Hawker had started on a design for a supersonic version, the Hawker P.1154. After this was cancelled in 1965, the RAF began looking at a simple upgrade of the Kestrel as the P.1127(RAF). A United States Navy F/A-18E/F Super Hornet in transonic flight. ... The Hawker Siddeley P.1154 was a supersonic VSTOL fighter aircraft being developed alongside the subsonic Hawker P.1127/Kestrel. ...

In mid-1966, the P.1127(RAF) was ordered by the RAF as the Hawker Siddeley Harrier GR.1, with the first preproduction aircraft flying the following year.

Survivors

Three prototypes have survived to the present day, and one of these, XP984, is on display at the Brooklands Museum, Surrey. Brooklands was a motor racing circuit built near Weybridge in Surrey, England. ...

TV Appearance

Both a P.1127 and a Kestrel, masquerading as one aircraft, appear in the 1966 Flight Plan episode of the Roger Moore TV series The Saint. The plot involves a P.1127/Kestrel (called the Osprey in the episode) being stolen and flown behind the Iron Curtain by RAF pilot William Gaunt. Year 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. ... This is an episode guide for the television series The Saint which originally aired in the United Kingdom between 1962 and 1969. ... For other persons named Roger Moore, see Roger Moore (disambiguation). ... The Saint was a long-running ITC mystery-cum-spy thriller, airing in Britain on ITV between 1962 and 1969. ... Warsaw Pact countries to the east of the Iron Curtain are shaded red; NATO members to the west of it — blue. ... Appeared in 1963/64/65 series SGT CORK as DC Bob Marriat made 60 1hr episodes with John Barrie who stared as Sgt Cork Alexandra Bastedo, Stuart Damon and William Gaunt in The Champions. ...

Specifications (Kestrel FGA.1)

General characteristics

• Crew: 1
• Length: 42 ft 6 in (12.95 m)
• Wingspan: 22 ft 11 in (6.99 m)
• Height: 10 ft 9 in (3.28 m)
• Empty weight: 10,000 lb (4,500 kg)
• Loaded weight: 15,000 lb (6,800 kg)
• Max takeoff weight: 17,000 lb (7,700 kg)
• Powerplant: 1× Bristol Siddeley Pegasus 6 vectored-thrust turbofan, 15,000 lbf (67 kN)

Performance

• Maximum speed: 545 mph Mach 0.97 (1,010 km/h)
• Rate of climb: 20,000 ft/min (100×60)
• Thrust/weight: 0.40 (3.9)

The distance AB is the wing span of this Aer Lingus Airbus A320. ... In aviation, the Maximum Take-Off Weight (or MTOW) is the maximum weight with which an aircraft is allowed to try to achieve flight. ... Rolls-Royce Pegasus The Rolls Royce Pegasus is a turbofan engine manufactured by Rolls-Royce plc. ... Thrust vectoring is the ability of an aircraft to direct the thrust from its main engine(s) in a direction other than parallel to the aircrafts length. ... Schematic diagram of high-bypass turbofan engine CFM56-3 turbofan, lower half, side view. ... VNO of an aircraft is the V speed which refers to the velocity of normal operation. ... An F/A-18 Hornet breaking the sound barrier. ... This page is a candidate to be moved to Wiktionary. ... Thrust-to-weight ratio (where weight means weight at the Earths surface) is a dimensionless parameter characteristic of rocket and jet engines, and of vehicles propelled by such engines (typically space launch vehicles and jet aircraft). ...

References

Cowan, Ed Charles W. (1972). Flypast 2. Profile Publications Ltd, Berkshire, Windsor, England. ISBN 0-85383-191-2. 

External link

• A picture of the Hawker Kestrel XS688 at the 1964 Farnborough Air Show

Related content

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Hawker Siddeley Harrier and its derivatives

Related development

• Hawker Siddeley Harrier
• Hawker P.1154

Comparable aircraft

• Bell X-14
• Hunting H.126
• Yakovlev Yak-36

Designation sequence

• ← P.1124 - P.1125 - P.1126 - P.1127 - P.1128 - P.1129 - P.1130 →
• ← XV-3 - XV-4 - XV-5 - XV-6 - CV-7 - XV-8/AV-8 - XV-9 →

Related lists

List of VTOL aircraft Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... See also BAE Sea Harrier The Hawker Siddeley Harrier and the AV-8A are the first generation of the Harrier series, a successful close-support and reconnaissance fighter aircraft with V/STOL capabilities. ... The Hawker Siddeley P.1154 was a supersonic VSTOL fighter aircraft being developed alongside the subsonic Hawker P.1127/Kestrel. ... The Bell X-14 (Bell Type 68) was an experimental VTOL aircraft flown in the United States in the 1950s. ... Hunting H126 at the RAF Museum Cosford The H.126 was an experimental aircraft designed and built by Hunting Aircraft in order to test the concept of blown flaps, or as they were known in Britain, jet flaps. Only one aircraft was built, being flown in a series of one... The Yakovlev Yak-36 (NATO reporting name: Freehand) was a Soviet technology demonstrator for a VTOL multi-role combat aircraft. ... The Hawker Hunter was a British jet fighter aircraft of the 1950s and 1960s. ... The Bell Helicopter XV-3 was a tiltrotor aircraft. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Ryan XV-5 Vertifan was a vertical takeoff and landing aircraft. ... The de Havilland Canada DHC-5 Buffalo is a short takeoff and landing (STOL) utility transport, a turboprop version developed from the earlier piston-powered DHC-4 Caribou. ... The V-8 designation was re-used by the U.S.Military to refer to the AV-8 Harrier. ... See also Hawker Siddeley Harrier The Harrier II is a second generation, vertical/short takeoff and landing (V/STOL) light_attack jet aircraft used by the United States Marine Corps, Royal Air Force, Spanish Armada and Italian navy. ... The Hughes XV-9 (company designation Hughes Model 385) was a 1960s American high-speed research helicopter built by Hughes Helicopters . ... This is a list of planes capable of vertical take-off and landing arranged under manufacturer. ...

See also

• Harrier Jump Jet, an overview of the Harrier family