2nd part: deep temporal - pterygoid branches - masseteric - buccal
This article is about the skeletal organs. ... In humans, the adult skull is normally made up of 22 bones. ... The occipital bone, a saucer-shaped membrane bone situated at the back and lower part of the cranium, is trapezoid in shape and curved on itself. ... In anatomy, in the occipital bone, the foramen magnum (Latin: great hole) is one of the several oval or circular apertures in the base of the skull (the foramina), through which the medulla oblongata (an extension of the spinal cord) enters and exits the skull vault. ... The squama of the occipital bone, situated above and behind the foramen magnum, is curved from above downward and from side to side. ... The inion is the most prominent projection of the occipital bone at the lower rear part of the skull. ... The nuchal lines are four curved lines on the external surface of the occipital bone: The upper, often faintly marked, is named the highest nuchal line, and to it the galea aponeurotica is attached. ... That part of the squama occipitalis which lies above the highest nuchal lines is named the planum occipitale (or occipital plane), and is covered by the Occipitalis muscle. ... That part of the squama occipitalis which lies below the highest nuchal lines is termed the planum nuchale (or nuchal plane), is rough and irregular for the attachment of several muscles. ... The internal surface of the occipital bone is deeply concave and divided into four fossæ by a cruciform eminence ( or cruciate eminence). ... In the occipital bone, at the point of intersection of the four divisions of the cruciate eminence is the internal occipital protuberance. ... The internal surface of the squama frontalis of the frontal bone is concave and presents in the upper part of the middle line a vertical groove, the sagittal sulcus, the edges of which unite below to form a ridge, the frontal crest; the sulcus lodges the superior sagittal sinus, while... In the occipital bone, the lower division of the cruciate eminence is prominent, and is named the internal occipital crest; it bifurcates near the foramen magnum and gives attachment to the falx cerebelli; in the attached margin of this falx is the occipital sinus, which is sometimes duplicated. ... The lateral parts of the occipital bone are situated at the sides of the foramen magnum; on their under surfaces are the condyles for articulation with the superior facets of the atlas. ... The lateral parts of the occipital bone are situated at the sides of the foramen magnum; on their under surfaces are the occipital condyles for articulation with the superior facets of the atlas. ... The hypoglossal canal is a bony canal in the occipital bone of the skull that transmits the hypoglossal nerve from its point of entry near the medulla oblongata to its exit from the base of the skull near the jugular foramen. ... Behind either condyle of the lateral parts of occipital bone is a depression, the condyloid fossa (or condylar fossa), which receives the posterior margin of the superior facet of the atlas when the head is bent backward; the floor of this fossa is sometimes perforated by the condyloid canal, through... In the lateral parts of occipital bone, behind either condyle is a depression, the condyloid fossa, which receives the posterior margin of the superior facet of the atlas when the head is bent backward; the floor of this fossa is sometimes perforated by the condylar canal (or condyloid canal), through... In the lateral part of the occipital bone, extending lateralward from the posterior half of the condyle is a quadrilateral plate of bone, the jugular process, excavated in front by the jugular notch, which, in the articulated skull, forms the posterior part of the jugular foramen. ... The upper surface of the lateral parts of occipital bone presents an oval eminence, the jugular tubercle, which overlies the hypoglossal canal and is sometimes crossed by an oblique groove for the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves. ... The basilar part of the occipital bone extends forward and upward from the foramen magnum, and presents in front an area more or less quadrilateral in outline. ... On the lower surface of the basilar part of occipital bone, about 1 cm. ... The parietal bones (os parietale) are bones in the human skull and form, by their union, the sides and roof of the cranium. ... The external surface of the parietal bone is convex, smooth, and marked near the center by an eminence, the parietal eminence (parietal tuber), which indicates the point where ossification commenced. ... Crossing the middle of the parietal bone in an arched direction are two curved lines, the superior and inferior temporal lines; the former gives attachment to the temporal fascia, and the latter indicates the upper limit of the muscular origin of the Temporalis. ... At the back part of the parietal bone and close to the upper or sagittal border is the parietal foramen, which transmits a vein to the superior sagittal sinus, and sometimes a small branch of the occipital artery; it is not constantly present, and its size varies considerably. ... The frontal bone (os frontale, TA: A02. ... There are two surfaces of the squama of the frontal bone: the external surface, and the internal surface. ... The frontal suture (sutura frontalis) is a dense connective tissue structure that divides the two halves of the frontal bone of the skull in infants and children. ... On the frontal bone, on either side of the frontal suture, about 3 cm. ... On the squama frontalis of the frontal bone, below the frontal eminences, and separated from them by a shallow groove, are two arched elevations, the superciliary arches; these are prominent medially, and are joined to one another by a smooth elevation named the glabella. ... The glabella is the space between the eyebrows and above the nose. ... Arching transversely below the superciliary arches is the upper part of the margin of the orbit, thin and prominent in its lateral two-thirds, rounded in its medial third, and presenting, at the junction of these two portions, the supraorbital notch or foramen for the supraorbital nerve and vessels. ... The supraorbital margin of the frontal bone ends laterally in the zygomatic process, which is strong and prominent, and articulates with the zygomatic bone. ... The internal surface of the squama frontalis of the frontal bone is concave and presents in the upper part of the middle line a vertical groove, the sagittal sulcus, the edges of which unite below to form a ridge, the frontal crest; the sulcus lodges the superior sagittal sinus, while... The internal surface of the squama frontalis of the frontal bone is concave and presents in the upper part of the middle line a vertical groove, the sagittal sulcus, the edges of which unite below to form a ridge, the frontal crest; the sulcus lodges the superior sagittal sinus, while... The frontal crest of the frontal bone ends below in a small notch which is converted into a foramen, the foramen cecum, by articulation with the ethmoid. ... The orbital or horizontal part of the frontal bone (pars orbitalis) consists of two thin triangular plates, the orbital plates, which form the vaults of the orbits, and are separated from one another by a median gap, the ethmoidal notch. ... The ethmoidal notch separates the two orbital plates; it is quadrilateral, and filled, in the articulated skull, by the cribriform plate of the ethmoid. ... The lacrimal bone (Os Lacrimale), the smallest and most fragile bone of the face, is situated at the front part of the medial wall of the orbit. ... Near the nasal part of the interior surface of the frontal bone is a depression, the trochlear fovea, or occasionally a small trochlear spine, for the attachment of the cartilaginous pulley of the Obliquus oculi superior. ... Lateral to either olfactory groove are the internal openings of the anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina (or canals). ... Lateral to either olfactory groove are the internal openings of the anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina (or canals). ... ... The frontal air sinuses are lined by mucous membrane, and each communicates with the corresponding nasal cavity by means of a passage called the frontonasal duct. ... The temporal bones (os temporales) are situated at the sides and base of the skull. ... The squama of the temporal bone forms the anterior and upper part of the bone, and is scale-like, thin, and translucent. ... The anterior root of the posterior end of the outer surface of the Squama temporalis, continuous with the lower border, is short but broad and strong; it is directed medialward and ends in a rounded eminence, the articular tubercle (eminentia articularis). ... In the temporal bone, between the posterior wall of the external acoustic meatus and the posterior root of the zygomatic process is the area called the suprameatal triangle, or mastoid fossa, through which an instrument may be pushed into the tympanic antrum. ... In the temporal bone, the mandibular fossa (glenoid fossa) is bounded, in front, by the articular tubercle; behind, by the tympanic part of the bone, which separates it from the external acoustic meatus; it is divided into two parts by a narrow slit, the petrotympanic fissure (Glaserian fissure). ... The mandibular fossa is bounded, in front, by the articular tubercle; behind, by the tympanic part of the bone, which separates it from the external acoustic meatus; it is divided into two parts by a narrow slit, the petrotympanic fissure (Glaserian fissure). ... The mastoid portion of the temporal bone (or mastoid process) forms the posterior part of the temporal bone. ... The outer surface of the temporal bone is perforated by numerous foramina; one of these, of large size, situated near the posterior border, is termed the mastoid foramen; it transmits a vein to the transverse sinus and a small branch of the occipital artery to the dura mater. ... The mastoid process (or mastoid bone) is a conical bump of the posterior portion of the temporal bone that is situated behind the ear in humans and many other vertebrates and serves as a site of neck muscle attachment (the Sternocleidomastoid, Splenius capitis, and Longissimus capitis). ... On the medial side of the mastoid process is a deep groove, the mastoid notch (digastric fossa), for the attachment of the Digastricus. ... On the medial side of the mastoid process of the temporal bone is a deep groove, the mastoid notch (digastric fossa), for the attachment of the Digastricus; medial to this is a shallow furrow, the occipital groove, which lodges the occipital artery. ... The inner surface of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone presents a deep, curved groove, the sigmoid sulcus, which lodges part of the transverse sinus; in it may be seen the opening of the mastoid foramen. ... Mastoid antrum (or tympanic antrum) is a cavity in the petrous portion of the temporal bone, communicating posteriorly with the mastoid cells and anteriorly with the epitympanic recess of the middle ear via the aperture of the mastoid antrum. ... The petrous portion of the temporal bone or pyramid is pyramidal and is wedged in at the base of the skull between the sphenoid and occipital. ... The facial canal is a canal running from the internal acoustic meatus to the stylomastoid foramen. ... A shallow groove, sometimes double, leading lateralward and backward to an oblique opening, the hiatus of the facial canal, for the passage of the greater superficial petrosal nerve and the petrosal branch of the middle meningeal artery. ... Near the center of the posterior surface of the temporal bone is a large orifice, the internal acoustic meatus (or internal auditory meatus), the size of which varies considerably; its margins are smooth and rounded, and it leads into a short canal, about 1 cm. ... In the temporal bone, above and between the aquæductus vestibuli is an irregular depression which lodges a process of the dura mater and transmits a small vein; in the infant this depression is represented by a large fossa, the subarcuate fossa, which extends backward as a blind tunnel under... On the interior surface of the temporal bone, behind the rough surface of the apex, is the large circular aperture of the carotid canal, which ascends at first vertically, and then, making a bend, runs horizontally forward and medialward; it transmits into the cranium the internal carotid artery, and the... Medial to the opening for the carotid canal and close to its posterior border, in front of the jugular fossa, is a triangular depression; at the apex of this is a small opening, the aquaeductus cochleae (or cochlear aqueduct, or aqueduct of cochlea), which lodges a tubular prolongation of the... In the temporal bone, behind the openings for the carotid canal and the aquæductus cochleæ is a deep depression, the jugular fossa, of variable depth and size in different skulls; it lodges the bulb of the internal jugular vein. ... In the bony ridge dividing the carotid canal from the jugular fossa is the small inferior tympanic canaliculus for the passage of the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve. ... In the lateral part of the jugular fossa of the temporal bone is the mastoid canaliculus for the entrance of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve. ... The styloid process is pointed piece of bone that extends down from the human skull, just below the ear. ... Between the styloid and mastoid processes is the stylomastoid foramen; it is the termination of the facial canal, and transmits the facial nerve and stylomastoid artery. ... The Petrosquamous suture is a cranial suture between the petrous portion and the squama of the temporal bone. ... The tympanic part of the temporal bone is a curved plate of bone lying below the squama and in front of the mastoid process. ... The inner end of the external acoustic meatus is closed, in the recent state, by the tympanic membrane; the upper limit of its outer orifice is formed by the posterior root of the zygomatic process, immediately below which there is sometimes seen a small spine, the suprameatal spine, situated at... The zygomatic process of the temporal bone is a long, arched process projecting from the lower part of the squamous portion of the temporal bone. ... The sphenoid bone (from Greek sphenoeides, wedgelike) is a bone situated at the base of the skull in front of the temporals and basilar part of the occipital bone. ... The body of the sphenoid bone, more or less cubical in shape, is hollowed out in its interior to form two large cavities, the sphenoidal air sinuses, which are separated from each other by a septum. ... The superior surface of the body of the sphenoid bone (Fig. ... The superior surface of the body of the sphenoid bone is bounded behind by a ridge, which forms the anterior border of a narrow, transverse groove, the chiasmatic groove (optic groove, prechiasmatic sulcus), above and behind which lies the optic chiasma. ... The superior surface of the sphenoid bone is bounded behind by a ridge, which forms the anterior border of a narrow, transverse groove, the chiasmatic groove (optic groove), above and behind which lies the optic chiasma; the groove ends on either side in the optic foramen, which transmits the optic... The Sella turcica (literally Turkish saddle) is a saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone at the base of the human skull. ... In the sphenoid bone, behind the chiasmatic groove is an elevation, the tuberculum sellæ; and still more posteriorly, a deep depression, the sella turcica, the deepest part of which lodges the hypophysis cerebri and is known as the fossa hypophyseos (or fossa hypophysialis). ... The anterior boundary of the sella turcica is completed by two small eminences, one on either side, called the middle clinoid processes. ... In the sphenoid bone, the anterior boundary of the sella turcica is completed by two small eminences, one on either side, called the middle clinoid processes, while the posterior boundary is formed by a square-shaped plate of bone, the dorsum sellæ, ending at its superior angles in two tubercles... In the sphenoid bone, the anterior boundary of the sella turcica is completed by two small eminences, one on either side, called the middle clinoid processes, while the posterior boundary is formed by a square-shaped plate of bone, the dorsum sellæ, ending at its superior angles in two tubercles... On either side of the dorsum sellae of the sphenoid bone is a notch for the passage of the abducent nerve, and below the notch a sharp process, the petrosal process, which articulates with the apex of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, and forms the medial boundary of... Behind the dorsum sellæ is a shallow depression, the clivus, which slopes obliquely backward, and is continuous with the groove on the basilar portion of the occipital bone; it supports the upper part of the pons. ... Above the attachment of each great wing of the sphenoid bone is a broad groove, curved something like the italic letter f; it lodges the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus, and is named the carotid groove. ... Along the posterior part of the lateral margin of the carotid groove of the sphenoid bone, in the angle between the body and great wing, is a ridge of bone, called the lingula. ... The sphenoidal sinuses (or sphenoid) contained within the body of the sphenoid vary in size and shape; owing to the lateral displacement of the intervening septum they are rarely symmetrical. ... The greater wing of the sphenoid bone, or ali-sphenoid, is a bony process of the sphenoid bone; there is one on each side, extending from the side of the body of the sphenoid and curving upward, laterally, and backwards. ... The great wings, or ali-sphenoids, are two strong processes of bone, which arise from the sides of the body, and are curved upward, lateralward, and backward; the posterior part of each projects as a triangular process which fits into the angle between the squama and the petrous portion of... At th anterior and medial part of the Sphenoid is a circular aperture, the foramen rotundum, for the transmission of the maxillary nerve. ... At the base of the skull the foramen ovale is a hole that transmits the mandibular nerve, the otic ganglion, the accessory meningeal artery, emissary veins (from the cavernous sinus to the pterygoid plexus) and the lesser superficial petrosal nerve. ... In the base of the skull, in the great wings of the sphenoid bone, medial to the foramen ovale, a small aperture, the sphenoidal emissary foramen, may occasionally be seen (it is often absent) opposite the root of the pterygoid process. ... The foramen spinosum is the foramen in the skull that permits the passage of the middle meningeal artery. ... The lateral surface of the great wing is convex, and divided by a transverse ridge, the infratemporal crest, into two portions. ... The lateral half of the great wing articulates, by means of a synchondrosis, with the petrous portion of the temporal, and between the two bones on the under surface of the skull, is a furrow, the sulcus tubæ, for the lodgement of the cartilaginous part of the auditory tube. ... The lesser wings of the sphenoid or orbito-sphenoids are two thin triangular plates, which arise from the upper and anterior parts of the body, and, projecting lateralward, end in sharp points [Fig. ... 1 Foramen ethmoidale, 2 Canalis opticus, 3 Fissura orbitalis superior, 4 Fossa sacci lacrimalis, 5 Sulcus infraorbitalis, 6 Fissura orbitalis inferior, 7 Foramen infraorbitale The superior orbital fissure is a foramen in the skull, although strictly it is more of a cleft, lying between the lesser and greater wings of... In the sphenoid bone, the posterior border, smooth and rounded, is received into the lateral fissure of the brain; the medial end of this border forms the anterior clinoid process, which gives attachment to the tentorium cerebelli; it is sometimes joined to the middle clinoid process by a spicule of... The superior surface of the sphenoid bone is bounded behind by a ridge, which forms the anterior border of a narrow, transverse groove, the chiasmatic groove (optic groove), above and behind which lies the optic chiasma; the groove ends on either side in the optic foramen, which transmits the optic... The pterygoid processes of the sphenoid, one on either side, descend perpendicularly from the regions where the body and great wings unite. ... The Pterygoid fossa, or the sphenoid bone is wedged between several other bones in the front of the cranium. ... In the pterygoid processes of the sphenoid, above the pterygoid fossa is a small, oval, shallow depression, the scaphoid fossa, which gives origin to the Tensor veli palatini. ... The lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid (or lateral lamina of pterygoid process) is broad, thin, and everted; its lateral surface forms part of the medial wall of the infratemporal fossa, and gives attachment to the Pterygoideus externus; its medial surface forms part of the pterygoid fossa, and gives attachment... The medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid is narrower and longer than the lateral pterygoid plate; it curves lateralward at its lower extremity into a hook-like process, the pterygoid hamulus, around which the tendon of the Tensor veli palatini glides. ... The pterygoid canal (also vidian canal) is a passage in the skull leading from just anterior to the foramen lacerum in the middle cranial fossa to the pterygopalatine fossa. ... The medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid curves lateralward at its lower extremity into a hook-like process, the pterygoid hamulus, around which the tendon of the Tensor veli palatini glides. ... The sphenoidal conchae (sphenoidal turbinated processes) are two thin, curved plates, situated at the anterior and lower part of the body of the sphenoid. ... Your skull is in your back (this is obviously not true, I was just testing the website to see if it really works) The ethmoid bone (os ethmoidale) is a bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain. ... The cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone (horizontal lamina) [Fig. ... The crista galli (Latin: crest of the cock) is a median ridge of bone that projects from the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone. ... Bones and cartilages of septum of nose. ... The Labyrinth or Lateral Mass of the ethmoid bone consists of a number of thin-walled cellular cavities, the ethmoidal cells, arranged in three groups, anterior, middle, and posterior, and interposed between two vertical plates of bone; the lateral plate forms part of the orbit, the medial, part of the... ethmoidal sinuses can be divided into 3: a) anterior b) middle c) posterior except the posterior ethmoidal sinus, all the ethmoidal sinuses will drain into middle meateus. ... The lateral surface of the labyrinth of the ethmoid bone is formed of a thin, smooth, oblong plate, the lamina papyracea, which covers in the middle and posterior ethmoidal cells and forms a large part of the medial wall of the orbit; it articulates above with the orbital plate of... In the ethmoid bone, a curved lamina, the uncinate process, projects downward and backward from this part of the labyrinth; it forms a small part of the medial wall of the maxillary sinus, and articulates with the ethmoidal process of the inferior nasal concha. ... The medial surface of the labyrinth of ethmoid consists of a thin lamella, which descends from the under surface of the cribriform plate, and ends below in a free, convoluted margin, the middle nasal concha. ... The superior meatus, the smallest of the three meatuses of the nose, occupies the middle third of the lateral wall. ... The back part of the medial surface of the labyrinth of ethmoid is subdivided by a narrow oblique fissure, the superior meatus of the nose, bounded above by a thin, curved plate, the superior nasal concha. ... The middle meatus is situated between the middle and inferior conchæ, and extends from the anterior to the posterior end of the latter. ... This article is about the skeletal organs. ... For other uses, see Face (disambiguation). ... The maxilla (plural: maxillae) is a fusion of two bones along the palatal fissure that form the upper jaw. ... The body of the maxilla (corpus maxillae) is somewhat pyramidal in shape, and contains a large cavity, the maxillary sinus (antrum of Highmore). ... The maxillary sinus is the largest paranasal sinus. ... The anterior surface is directed forward and lateralward. ... On the anterior surface of the maxilla, just above the eminences corresponding to the incisor teeth is a depression, the incisive fossa, which gives origin to the Depressor alæ nasi; to the alveolar border below the fossa is attached a slip of the Orbicularis oris; above and a little lateral... Lateral to the incisive fossa is another depression, the canine fossa; it is larger and deeper than the incisive fossa, and is separated from it by a vertical ridge, the canine eminence, corresponding to the socket of the canine tooth; the canine fossa gives origin to the Caninus. ... Above the canine fossa is the infraorbital foramen, the end of the infraorbital canal; it transmits the infraorbital vessels and nerve. ... Medially, the anterior surface of the maxilla is limited by a deep concavity, the nasal notch, the margin of which gives attachment to the Dilatator naris posterior and ends below in a pointed process, which with its fellow of the opposite side forms the anterior nasal spine. ... The infratemporal surface is convex, directed backward and lateralward, and forms part of the infratemporal fossa. ... The infratemporal surface of the maxilla is pierced about its center by the apertures of the alveolar canals, which transmit the posterior superior alveolar vessels and nerves. ... At the lower part of the infratemporal surface of the maxilla is a rounded eminence, the maxillary tuberosity, especially prominent after the growth of the wisdom tooth; it is rough on its lateral side for articulation with the pyramidal process of the palatine bone and in some cases articulates with... The orbital surface is smooth and triangular, and forms the greater part of the floor of the orbit. ... Near the middle of the posterior part of the orbital surface of the maxilla is the infraorbital groove (or sulcus), for the passage of the infraorbital vessels and nerve. ... One of the canals of the orbital surface of the maxilla, the infraorbital canal, opens just below the margin of the orbit. ... The nasal surface presents a large, irregular opening leading into the maxillary sinus. ... The greater palatine canal (or pterygopalatine canal) is a passage in the skull that transmits the greater palatine artery, vein, and nerve between the pterygopalatine fossa and the oral cavity. ... The zygomatic process of the maxilla (malar process) is a rough triangular eminence, situated at the angle of separation of the anterior, zygomatic, and orbital surfaces. ... The frontal process of the maxilla (nasal process) is a strong plate, which projects upward, medialward, and backward, by the side of the nose, forming part of its lateral boundary. ... The agger nasi is a small ridge on the lateral side of the nasal cavity. ... The lateral margin of the lacrimal fossa is named the anterior lacrimal crest, and is continuous below with the orbital margin; at its junction with the orbital surface is a small tubercle, the lacrimal tubercle, which serves as a guide to the position of the lacrimal sac. ... The alveolar process is the thickened ridge of bone that contains the tooth sockets on bones that bear teeth. ... The palatine process of the maxilla (palatal process), thick and strong, is horizontal and projects medialward from the nasal surface of the bone. ... When the two maxillæ are articulated, a funnel-shaped opening, the incisive foramen, is seen in the middle line, immediately behind the incisor teeth. ... In the opening of the incisive foramen, the orifices of two lateral canals are visible; they are named the incisive canals or foramina of Stenson; through each of them passes the terminal branch of the descending palatine artery and the nasopalatine nerve. ... In the maxilla, occasionally two additional canals are present in the middle line of the palatine process; they are termed the foramina of Scarpa, and when present transmit the nasopalatine nerves, the left passing through the anterior, and the right through the posterior canal. ... The premaxilla is a pair of small bones at the very tip of the jaws of many animals, usually bearing teeth, but not always. ... Medially, the anterior surface of the maxilla is limited by a deep concavity, the nasal notch, the margin of which gives attachment to the Dilatator naris posterior and ends below in a pointed process, which with its fellow of the opposite side forms the anterior nasal spine. ... The lacrimal bone (Os Lacrimale), the smallest and most fragile bone of the face, is situated at the front part of the medial wall of the orbit . ... The lateral or orbital surface of the lacrimal bone is divided by a vertical ridge, the posterior lacrimal crest, into two parts. ... On the nasal surface of the body of the maxilla, in front of the opening of the sinus is a deep groove, the lacrimal groove (or lacrimal sulcus), which is converted into the nasolacrimal canal, by the lacrimal bone and inferior nasal concha; this canal opens into the inferior meatus... The zygomatic bone (malar bone) is a paired bone of the human skull. ... The orbital process of the the zygomatic bone is a thick, strong plate, projecting backward and medialward from the orbital margin. ... The malar surface of the zygomatic bone is convex and perforated near its center by a small aperture, the zygomaticofacial foramen, for the passage of the zygomaticofacial nerve and vessels; below this foramen is a slight elevation, which gives origin to the Zygomaticus. ... Near the center of the temporal surface of the zygomatic bone is the zygomaticotemporal foramen for the transmission of the zygomaticotemporal nerve. ... On the orbital process of the zygomatic bone are seen the orifices of two canals, the zygomaticoörbital foramina; one of these canals opens into the temporal fossa, the other on the malar surface of the bone; the former transmits the zygomaticotemporal, the latter the zygomaticofacial nerve. ... The palatine bone is a bone situated at the back part of the nasal cavity between the maxilla and the pterygoid process of the sphenoid. ... In the skull, the pterygopalatine fossa is the space between the lateral pterygoid plate (which is part of the sphenoid bone), and the palate. ... The Pterygoid fossa, or the sphenoid bone is wedged between several other bones in the front of the cranium. ... The horizontal part of the palatine bone (horizontal plate) is quadrilateral, and has two surfaces and four borders. ... Its medial end of the posterior border of the horizontal plate of palatine bone is sharp and pointed, and, when united with that of the opposite bone, forms a projecting process, the posterior nasal spine for the attachment of the Musculus uvulæ. See also anterior nasal spine This article was... The vertical part (perpendicular plate) of the palatine bone is thin, of an oblong form, and presents two surfaces and four borders. ... The greater palatine canal (or pterygopalatine canal) is a passage in the skull that transmits the greater palatine artery, vein, and nerve between the pterygopalatine fossa and the oral cavity. ... The processes of the superior border of the palatine bone are separated by the sphenopalatine notch, which is converted into the sphenopalatine foramen by the under surface of the body of the sphenoid. ... The pyramidal process of the palatine bone projects backward and lateralward from the junction of the horizontal and vertical parts, and is received into the angular interval between the lower extremities of the pterygoid plates. ... The orbital process of the palatine bone is placed on a higher level than the sphenoidal, and is directed upward and lateralward from the front of the vertical part, to which it is connected by a constricted neck. ... The sphenoidal process is a thin, compressed plate, much smaller than the orbital, and directed upward and medialward. ... The mandible (from Latin mandibÅ­la, jawbone) or inferior maxillary bone is, together with the maxilla, the largest and strongest bone of the face. ... The body of the mandible is curved somewhat like a horseshoe and has two surfaces and two borders. ... The external surface of the mandible is marked in the median line by a faint ridge, indicating the Symphysis menti or line of junction of the two pieces of which the bone is composed at an early period of life. ... The symphysis of the external surface of the mandible divides below and encloses a triangular eminence, the mental protuberance, the base of which is depressed in the center but raised on either side to form the mental tubercle. ... The mental foramen is a foramen in the mandible. ... The mental spine is a small projection of bone on the posterior aspect of the mandible (jaw bone) in the midline. ... Extending upward and backward on either side from the lower part of the symphysis of the Mandible is the mylohyoid line, which gives origin to the Mylohyoideus; the posterior part of this line, near the alveolar margin, gives attachment to a small part of the Constrictor pharyngis superior, and to... (ramus mandibulæ; perpendicular portion) The ramus of the mandible is quadrilateral in shape, and has two surfaces, four borders, and two processes. ... The Mandibular Foramen is an opening on the internal surface of the ramus for the mandibular vessels and nerve to pass. ... The margin of the mandibular foramen is irregular; it presents in front a prominent ridge, surmounted by a sharp spine, the lingula mandibulæ, which gives attachment to the sphenomandibular ligament; at its lower and back part is a notch from which the mylohyoid groove runs obliquely downward and forward, and... The mandibular canal runs obliquely downward and forward in the ramus, and then horizontally forward in the body, where it is placed under the alveoli and communicates with them by small openings. ... At the junction of the lower border of the ramus of the mandible with the posterior border is the angle of the mandible, which may be either inverted or everted and is marked by rough, oblique ridges on each side, for the attachment of the Masseter laterally, and the Pterygoideus... The coronoid processis a thin, triangular eminence, which is flattened from side to side and varies in shape and size. ... The condyloid process is thicker than the coronoid, and consists of two portions: the condyle, and the constricted portion which supports it, the neck. ... The upper border of the ramus of mandible is thin, and is surmounted by two processes, the coronoid in front and the condyloid behind, separated by a deep concavity, the mandibular notch. ... The Nasal Bones (Ossa Faciei & Ossa Nasalia) are two small oblong bones, varying in size and form in different individuals; they are placed side by side at the middle and upper part of the face, and form, by their junction, the bridge of the nose. ... The inferior nasal concha (Inferior Turbinated Bone) extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity [Fig. ... Behind the lacrimal process of the inferior nasal conchae lies a broad, thin plate, the ethmoidal process, which ascends to join the uncinate process of the ethmoid; from its lower border a thin lamina, the maxillary process, curves downward and lateralward; it articulates with the maxilla and forms a part... For the embryological structure, see Maxillary prominence. ... The vomer bone is one of the unpaired facial bones of the skull. ... This article is about the skeletal organs. ... Side view of the skull. ... In human anatomy, a fontanelle (or fontanel) is one of two soft spots on a newborn humans skull. ... Side view of the skull. ... The coronal suture (sutura coronalis) is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint that separates the frontal and parietal bones of the skull. ... The lambdoid suture (sutura lambdoidea) is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint that separates the parietal and temporal bones of the skull from the occipital bone. ... The occipitomastoid suture is the cranial suture between the occipital bone and the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. ... The Sphenofrontal suture is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. ... The Sphenoparietal suture is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the parietal bone. ... The Sphenosquamosal suture is a cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the squama of the temporal bone. ... The Sphenozygomatic suture is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the zygomatic bone. ... The squamosal suture arches backward from the pterion and connects the temporal squama with the lower border of the parietal: this suture is continuous behind with the short, nearly horizontal parietomastoid suture, which unites the mastoid process of the temporal with the region of the mastoid angle of the parietal. ... The Zygomaticotemporal suture (or Temporozygomatic suture) is the cranial suture between the zygomatic bone and the temporal bone. ... The Zygomaticofrontal suture (or Frontozygomatic suture) is the cranial suture between the zygomatic bone and the frontal bone. ... The frontal suture (sutura frontalis) is a dense connective tissue structure that divides the two halves of the frontal bone of the skull in infants and children. ... The sagittal suture (sutura sagittalis) is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint between the two parietal bones of the skull. ... The frontoethmoidal suture is the suture between the ethmoid bone and the frontal bone. ... The Petrosquamous suture is a cranial suture between the petrous portion and the squama of the temporal bone. ... The Sphenoethmoidal suture is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the ethmoid bone. ... The Sphenopetrosal suture is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the petrous portion of the temporal bone. ... In human anatomy, a fontanelle (or fontanel) is one of two soft spots on a newborn humans skull. ... The anterior fontanelle (bregmatic fontanelle, frontal fontanelle) is the largest, and is placed at the junction of the sagittal suture, coronal suture, and frontal suture; it is lozenge-shaped, and measures about 4 cm. ... The posterior fontanelle (or occipital fontanelle) is triangular in form and is situated at the junction of the sagittal suture and lambdoidal suture. ... The following is a list of holes, or foramina, in the base of the skull and what goes through each of them. ... The lateral wall and the floor of the orbit are separated posteriorly by the inferior orbital fissure which transmits the maxillary nerve and its zygomatic branch, the infraorbital vessels, and the ascending branches from the sphenopalatine ganglion. ... The foramen lacerum (Latin for lacerated piercing) is a triangular hole in the base of the skull located at the base of the medial pterygoid plate. ... Behind the carotid canal is the jugular foramen, a large aperture, formed in front by the petrous portion of the temporal, and behind by the occipital; it is generally larger on the right than on the left side, and may be subdivided into three compartments. ... The canal containing the nasolacrimal duct is called the nasolacrimal canal. ... The floor of the anterior fossa is formed by the orbital plates of the frontal, the cribriform plate of the ethmoid, and the small wings and front part of the body of the sphenoid; it is limited behind by the posterior borders of the small wings of the sphenoid and... The middle fossa, deeper than the anterior cranial fossa, is narrow in the middle, and wide at the sides of the skull. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...   The cranial cavity isj the relatively large space formed inside the skull. ... For other uses, see Asterion (disambiguation) In human anatomy, the asterion is a visible, so-called craniometric, point on the exposed skull, just behind the ear, where three cranial sutures meet: the lambdoid, parieto-mastoid, and occipito-mastoid sutures. ... The nasion (nay-zhun) is the intersection of the frontal and two nasal bones of the human skull. ... The point corresponding with the posterior end of the sphenoparietal suture is named the pterion; it is situated about 3 cm. ... The point of junction of the maxillary bone, lacrimal bone, and frontal bone is named the dacryon. ... The zygomatic bone (also known as the zygoma; Os Zygomaticum; Malar Bone) is a paired bone of the human skull. ... The calvaria (or calva, or skullcap) is the roof of the skull. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... The infratemporal fossa is an irregularly shaped cavity, situated below and medial to the zygomatic arch. ... The point where the upper temporal line cuts the coronal suture is named the stephanion. ... The pterygomaxillary fissure is vertical, and descends at right angles from the medial end of the inferior orbital fissure; it is a triangular interval, formed by the divergence of the maxilla from the pterygoid process of the sphenoid. ... In the skull, the pterygopalatine fossa is the space between the lateral pterygoid plate (which is part of the sphenoid bone), and the palate. ... For other uses, see Joint (disambiguation). ... In anatomy, the term ligament is used to denote three different types of structures:[1] Fibrous tissue that connects bones to other bones. ... The Atlanto-axial joint (articulation of the atlas with the axis) is of a complicated nature, comprising no fewer than four distinct joints. ... The anterior atlantoaxial ligament is a strong membrane, fixed, above, to the lower border of the anterior arch of the atlas; below, to the front of the body of the axis. ... The posterior atlantoaxial ligament is a broad, thin membrane attached, above, to the lower border of the posterior arch of the atlas; below, to the upper edges of the laminæ of the axis. ... The cruciform ligament of atlas (or cruciate ligament) is a ligament of the atlanto-axial joint. ... The transverse ligament of the atlas is a thick, strong band, which arches across the ring of the atlas, and retains the odontoid process in contact with the anterior arch. ... The Atlanto-occipital joint (articulation between the atlas and the occipital bone) consists of a pair of condyloid joints. ... The anterior atlantoöccipital membrane (anterior atlantoöccipital ligament) is broad and composed of densely woven fibers, which pass between the anterior margin of the foramen magnum above, and the upper border of the anterior arch of the atlas below. ... The posterior atlantoöccipital membrane (posterior atlantoöccipital ligament), broad but thin, is connected above, to the posterior margin of the foramen magnum; below, to the upper border of the posterior arch of the atlas. ... The Membrana Tectoria (occipitoaxial ligament) is situated within the vertebral canal. ... The alar ligaments connect the sides of the dens (on the axis, or the second cervical vertebra) to tubercles on the medial side of the occipital condyle. ... In the triangular interval between the alar ligaments is another fibrous cord, the ligament of apex dentis (or apical odontoid ligament), which extends from the tip of the odontoid process to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum, being intimately blended with the deep portion of the anterior atlantoöccipital... The temporomandibular joint (From the Latin for too much jaw) is a diarthrodial joint that connects the condyle of the mandible (lower jaw) to the temporal bone at the side of a skull. ... The articular capsule (capsular ligament) is a thin, loose envelope, attached above to the circumference of the mandibular fossa and the articular tubercle immediately in front; below, to the neck of the condyle of the mandible. ... The temporomandibular ligament (external lateral ligament) consists of two short, narrow fasciculi, one in front of the other, attached, above, to the lateral surface of the zygomatic arch and to the tubercle on its lower border; below, to the lateral surface and posterior border of the neck of the mandible. ... The sphenomandibular ligament (internal lateral ligament) is a flat, thin band which is attached above to the spina angularis of the sphenoid bone, and, becoming broader as it descends, is fixed to the lingula of the mandibular foramen. ... The stylomandibular ligament is a specialized band of the cervical fascia, which extends from near the apex of the styloid process of the temporal bone to the angle and posterior border of the ramus of the mandible, between the Masseter and Pterygoideus internus. ... The articular disk is a thin, oval plate, placed between the condyle of the mandible and the mandibular fossa. ... This is a table of muscles of the human anatomy. ... For other uses, see Head (disambiguation). ... The scalp is the anatomical area bordered by the face anteriorly and the neck to the sides and posteriorly. ... An eyelid is a thin fold of skin that covers and protects an eye. ... The Occipitofrontalis is a term used by some to describe a muscle of the human body, with two parts: the occipital part/belly, and the frontal part/belly. ... The Occipitalis muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The Frontalis is thin, of a quadrilateral form, and intimately adherent to the superficial fascia. ... The orbicularis oculi arises from the nasal part of the frontal bone, from the frontal process of the maxilla in front of the bickybicky WUT werd, and from the anterior surface and borders of a short fibrous band, the medial palpebral ligament. ... Left obicularis oculi notice the corrugator muscle at the top The Corrugator supercilii is a small, narrow, pyramidal muscle, placed at the medial end of the eyebrow, beneath the Frontalis and Orbicularis oculi. ... The Depressor supercilii is an eye muscle of the human body. ... The extraocular muscles are the six muscles that control the movements of the eye. ... The levator palpebrae superioris muscle is a muscle in the orbit that elevates the superior (upper) eyelid. ... The superior tarsal muscle (Müllers Muscle) is a smooth muscle adjoining the levator palpebrae superioris muscle that helps to raise the upper eyelid. ... The superior rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit that elevates, adducts, and rotates the eye medially. ... The inferior rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit that depresses, adducts, and rotates the eye laterally. ... The medial rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit that adducts the eyeball (makes it move inwards). ... The lateral rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit that abducts the eyeball (makes it move outwards). ... The superior oblique muscle is a muscle in the orbit that causes the eye to look downwards when it is already directed medially (looking towards the nose). ... The inferior oblique muscle is a muscle in the orbit that adducts (medially rotates) and elevates the eyeball. ... For other uses, see Eye (disambiguation). ... The ciliary muscle is a smooth muscle that affects zonular fibers in the eye (fibers that suspend the lens in position during accommodation), enabling changes in lens shape for light focusing. ... The iris dilator muscle (pupil dilator muscle, pupillary dilator, radial muscle of iris, radiating fibers), is a muscle of the eye. ... The Iris sphincter muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... For other uses, see Ear (disambiguation). ... The muscles of the auricula. ... The Temporoparietalis muscle is a distinct muscle above the Auricularis superior. ... The stapedius is the smallest striated muscle in the human body. ... The tensor tympani muscle arises from the auditory tube and inserts onto the handle of the malleus, damping down vibration in the ossicles and so reducing the amplitude of sounds. ... For other uses, see Nose (disambiguation). ... Procerus muscle Origin/Proximal Attatchment: From fascia over the lower of the nasal bone Insertion/Distal Attatchment: Into the skin of the lower part of the forehead between the eyebrows Action/Relevance: Draws down the medial angle of the eyebrow giving expressions of frowning Innervation: Buccal branch of the facial... The Nasalis (Compressor naris) is a sphincter-like muscle of the nose whose function is to compress the nasal cartilege. ... The Dilatator naris muscle is a part of the nasalis muscle. ... The Depressor septi nasi is a muscle of the human body, in the nose. ... The levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle is, translated from Latin, the lifter of the upper lip and of the wing of the nose. It is the muscle with the longest name in the human body. ... For other uses, see Mouth (disambiguation). ... The Levator anguli oris is a muscle of the human body. ... The Depressor anguli oris is a muscle of the human body. ... The Levator labii superioris is a muscle of the human body used in facial expression. ... The Depressor labii is part of a small quadrilateral muscle. ... The Zygomatic major is a muscle of the human body. ... The Zygomaticus minor is a muscle of the human body. ... The Mentalis is a muscle of the human body. ... The Buccinator is a thin quadrilateral muscle, occupying the interval between the maxilla and the mandible at the side of the face. ... The orbicularis oris is the sphincter muscle around the mouth. ... The Risorius is a muscle of the human body. ... Mastication or chewing is the process by which food is mashed and crushed by teeth. ... In human anatomy, the masseter is one of the muscles of mastication. ... The temporalis muscle is one of the muscles of mastication. ... The lateral pterygoid is a muscle of mastication with two heads. ... The medial pterygoid is a muscle of mastication with two heads. ... For other uses, see Tongue (disambiguation). ... The Genioglossus is a muscle of the human body. ... The Hyoglossus is a muscle of the human body. ... The Chondroglossus is sometimes described as a part of the Hyoglossus, but is separated from it by fibers of the Genioglossus, which pass to the side of the pharynx. ... The Styloglossus, the shortest and smallest of the three styloid muscles, arises from the anterior and lateral surfaces of the styloid process, near its apex, and from the stylomandibular ligament. ... The Superior longitudinal muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The Inferior longitudinal muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The Transversus muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The Verticalis muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The soft palate, or velum, is the soft tissue comprising the back of the roof of the mouth. ... The Levator veli palatini is a muscle of the human body. ... The Tensor veli palatini muscle (or Tensor palati) is a muscle of the human body. ... The Musculus uvulæ (Azygos uvulæ) arises from the posterior nasal spine of the palatine bones and from the palatine aponeurosis; it descends to be inserted into the uvula. ... The Palatoglossus is a muscle of the human body. ... The Palatopharyngeus muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The pharynx (plural: pharynges) is the part of the neck and throat situated immediately posterior to the mouth and nasal cavity, and cranial, or superior, to the esophagus, larynx, and trachea. ... The Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... Grays Fig. ... The Salpingopharyngeus muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The larynx (plural larynges), colloquially known as the voicebox, is an organ in the neck of mammals involved in protection of the trachea and sound production. ... The cricothyroid muscle attaches to the anterolateral aspect of the cricoid and the inferior cornu and lower lamina of the thyroid cartilage, tilting the thyroid forwards and lengthening the vocal cords. ... The posterior cricoarytenoid muscles allow the rima glottidis to be opened; they therefore have the opposite effect to the lateral cricoarytenoid muscles. ... The lateral cricoarytenoid muscles allow the rima glottidis to be closed, protecting the airway; they therefore have the opposite effect to the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles. ... The Arytænoideus is a single muscle, filling up the posterior concave surfaces of the arytenoid cartilages. ... The Thyreoarytænoideus (Thyroarytenoid) is a broad, thin, muscle which lies parallel with and lateral to the vocal fold, and supports the wall of the ventricle and its appendix. ... This is a table of muscles of the human anatomy. ... For other uses, see Neck (disambiguation). ... The platysma is a superficial muscle that stretches from the clavicle to the mandible overlapping the sternocleidomastoid. ... In human anatomy, the sternocleidomastoid (pronounced ) muscles are muscles in the neck that act to flex and rotate the head. ... Muscles of the neck. ... The digastric muscle (named digastric as it has two bellies) is a small muscle located under the jaw. ... The Stylohyoid muscle is a slender muscle, lying in front of, and above the posterior belly of the digastric muscle. ... The Mylohyoid muscle, flat and triangular, is situated immediately above the anterior belly of the digastric muscle, and forms, with its fellow of the opposite side, a muscular floor for the cavity of the mouth. ... The Geniohyoideus (Geniohyoid muscle) is a narrow muscle, situated above the medial border of the Mylohyoideus. ... The infrahyoid muscles are a group of four pairs of muscles in the anterior part of the neck. ... The Sternohyoid muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The Sternothyroid muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The Thyrohyoid muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The omohyoid muscle is a muscle at the front of the neck that consists of two bellies separated by an intermediate tendon. ... The Longus colli muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The Longus capitis muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The Rectus capitis lateralis muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The scalene muscles are a group of three pairs of muscles in the lateral neck, namely the anterior scalene, middle scalene, and posterior scalene. ... The Scalenus anterior (Scalenus anticus) lies deeply at the side of the neck, behind the Sternocleidomastoideus. ... The Scalenus medius, the largest and longest of the three Scaleni, arises from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the lower six cervical vertebræ, and descending along the side of the vertebral column, is inserted by a broad attachment into the upper surface of the first rib, between... The Scalenus posterior (Scalenus posticus), the smallest and most deeply seated of the three Scaleni, arises, by two or three separate tendons, from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the lower two or three cervical vertebræ, and is inserted by a thin tendon into the outer surface of... In anatomy, arterial tree is used to refer to all arteries and/or the branching pattern of the arteries. ... Left Common Carotid Artery- One of three arteries that originate along the aortic arch. ... The carotid artery is a major artery of the head and neck. ... The superior thyroid artery arises from the external carotid artery just below the level of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone and ends in the thyroid gland. ... The superior laryngeal artery accompanies the internal laryngeal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, beneath the Thyreohyoideus; it pierces the hyothyroid membrane, and supplies the muscles, mucous membrane, and glands of the larynx, anastomosing with the branch from the opposite side. ... The lingual artery arises from the external carotid between the superior thyroid and facial artery. ... The Sublingual Artery arises at the anterior margin of the Hyoglossus, and runs forward between the Genioglossus and Mylohyoideus to the sublingual gland. ... The facial artery (external maxillary artery in older texts) is a branch of the external carotid artery that supplies structures of the face. ... The ascending palatine artery is an artery in the head that branches off the facial artery and runs up the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. ... The tonsillar branch of the facial artery ascends between the Pterygoideus internus and Styloglossus, and then along the side of the pharynx, perforating the Constrictor pharyngis superior, to ramify in the substance of the palatine tonsil and root of the tongue. ... The submental artery is a branch of the facial artery that runs on the underside of the chin. ... The glandular branches of the facial artery (submaxillary branches) consist of three or four large vessels, which supply the submaxillary gland, some being prolonged to the neighboring muscles, lymph glands, and integument. ... The Iinferior labial artery (inferior labial branch of facial artery) arises near the angle of the mouth; it passes upward and forward beneath the Triangularis and, penetrating the Orbicularis oris, runs in a tortuous course along the edge of the lower lip between this muscle and the mucous membrane. ... The superior labial artery (superior labial branch of facial artery) is larger and more tortuous than the inferior labial artery. ... The lateral nasal branch of facial artery (lateral nasal artery) is derived from the facial artery as that vessel ascends along the side of the nose. ... The Angular Artery is the terminal part of the external maxillary; it ascends to the medial angle of the orbit, imbedded in the fibers of the angular head of the Quadratus labii superioris, and accompanied by the angular vein. ... occipital artery ... The posterior auricular artery is small and arises from the external carotid, above the Digastricus and Stylohyoideus, opposite the apex of the styloid process. ... The Stylomastoid Artery enters the stylomastoid foramen and supplies the tympanic cavity, the tympanic antrum and mastoid cells, and the semicircular canals. ... The ascending pharyngeal artery, the smallest branch of the external carotid, is a long, slender vessel, deeply seated in the neck, beneath the other branches of the external carotid and under the Stylopharyngeus. ... The Meningeal Branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery are several small vessels, which supply the dura mater. ... Arteries of the neck - right side. ... The transverse facial artery is an artery that branches from the superficial temporal artery and runs across the face. ... The middle temporal artery arises immediately above the zygomatic arch, and, perforating the temporal fascia, gives branches to the Temporalis, anastomosing with the deep temporal branches of the internal maxillary. ... The middle temporal artery occasionally gives off a zygomaticoörbital branch, which runs along the upper border of the zygomatic arch, between the two layers of the temporal fascia, to the lateral angle of the orbit. ... The anterior auricular branches of the superficial temporal artery are distributed to the anterior portion of the auricula, the lobule, and part of the external meatus, anastomosing with the posterior auricular. ... The frontal branch of superficial temporal artery (anterior temporal) runs tortuously upward and forward to the forehead, supplying the muscles, integument, and pericranium in this region, and anastomosing with the supraorbital and frontal arteries. ... The parietal branch of superficial temporal artery (posterior temporal), larger than the frontal, curves upward and backward on the side of the head, lying superficial to the temporal fascia, and anastomosing with its fellow of the opposite side, and with the posterior auricular and occipital arteries. ... The maxillary artery is the larger of the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery. ... The Anterior Tympanic Artery (tympanic artery) passes upward behind the temporomandibular articulation, enters the tympanic cavity through the petrotympanic fissure, and ramifies upon the tympanic membrane, forming a vascular circle around the membrane with the stylomastoid branch of the posterior auricular, and anastomosing with the artery of the pterygoid canal... The Deep Auricular Artery often arises in common with the anterior tympanic artery. ... The middle meningeal artery is typically the first branch of the first part (retromandibular part) of the maxillary artery; one of the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery. ... The superior tympanic artery, a branch of the middle meningeal on entering the cranium, runs in the canal for the Tensor tympani, and supplies this muscle and the lining membrane of the canal. ... The middle meningeal artery is typically the first branch of the first part (retromandibular part) of the maxillary artery; one of the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery. ... The Inferior Alveolar Artery (inferior dental artery) descends with the inferior alveolar nerve to the mandibular foramen on the medial surface of the ramus of the mandible. ... As the inferior alveolar artery enters the mental foramen, it gives off a mylohyoid branch which runs in the mylohyoid groove, and ramifies on the under surface of the Mylohyoideus. ... The deep temporal arteries, two in number, anterior and posterior, ascend between the Temporalis and the pericranium; they supply the muscle, and anastomose with the middle temporal artery; the anterior communicates with the lacrimal artery by means of small branches which perforate the zygomatic bone and great wing of the... The pterygoid branches of the maxillary artery, irregular in their number and origin, supply the lateral pterygoid muscle and medial pterygoid muscle. ... The Masseteric Artery is small and passes lateralward through the mandibular notch to the deep surface of the Masseter. ... The Buccinator Artery (buccal artery) is small and runs obliquely forward, between the Pterygoideus internus and the insertion of the Temporalis, to the outer surface of the Buccinator, to which it is distributed, anastomosing with branches of the external maxillary and with the infraorbital. ...

retromandibular (maxillary) • superficial temporal (anterior auricular) • posterior auricular The Posterior Superior Alveolar Artery (alveolar or posterior dental artery) is given off from the internal maxillary, frequently in conjunction with the infraorbital just as the trunk of the vessel is passing into the pterygopalatine fossa. ... The Infraorbital Artery appears, from its direction, to be the continuation of the trunk of the internal maxillary, but often arises in conjunction with the posterior superior alveolar. ... The anterior superior alveolar arteries originate from the infraorbital artery; they supply the upper incisors and canines; they also supply the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus. ... The Descending Palatine Artery descends through the pterygopalatine canal with the anterior palatine branch of the sphenopalatine ganglion, and, emerging from the greater palatine foramen, runs forward in a groove on the medial side of the alveolar border of the hard palate to the incisive canal; the terminal branch of... The artery of the pterygoid canal (Vidian artery) is a small, inconstant branch which passes into the pterygoid canal and anastomoses with a branch of the internal maxillary artery. ... The Sphenopalatine Artery (nasopalatine artery) passes through the sphenopalatine foramen into the cavity of the nose, at the back part of the superior meatus. ... The carotid artery is a major artery of the head and neck that supplies blood to the head and neck. ... The Cervical portion (or cervical segment) of the internal carotid begins at the bifurcation of the common carotid, opposite the upper border of the thyroid cartilage, and runs perpendicularly upward, in front of the transverse processes of the upper three cervical vertebræ, to the carotid canal in the petrous portion... Arteries of the neck. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... The artery of the pterygoid canal (Vidian artery) is a small, inconstant branch which passes into the pterygoid canal and anastomoses with a branch of the internal maxillary artery. ... The caroticotympanic branch (tympanic branch) is small; it enters the tympanic cavity through a minute foramen in the carotid canal, and anastomoses with the anterior tympanic branch of the internal maxillary, and with the stylomastoid artery. ... The Cavernous Portion of internal carotid artery. ... The opthalmic artery is a branch of the internal carotid artery which supplies branches to supply the eye and other structures in the orbit: Central retinal artery Supraorbital artery Supratrochlear artery Lacrimal artery Dorsal nasal artery Short posterior ciliary arteries Long posterior ciliary arteries Posterior ethmoidal artery Anterior ethmoidal artery... The Lacrimal Artery arises close to the optic foramen, and is one of the largest branches derived from the ophthalmic: not infrequently it is given off before the artery enters the orbit. ... The lateral palpebral arteries are small arteries which supply the eyelid. ... The supraorbital artery springs from the ophthalmic as that vessel is crossing over to the medial side of the optic nerve. ... The posterior ethmoidal artery, smaller than the anterior ethmoidal artery, branches off from the ophthalmic artery when it reaches the medial wall of the orbit. ... The anterior ethmoidal artery, also anterior ethmoid artery, accompanies the nasociliary nerve through the anterior ethmoidal canal, supplies the anterior and middle ethmoidal cells and frontal sinus, and, entering the cranium, gives off a meningeal branch to the dura mater, and nasal branches. ... The medial palpebral arteries (internal palpebral arteries), two in number, superior and inferior, arise from the ophthalmic, opposite the pulley of the Obliquus superior; they leave the orbit to encircle the eyelids near their free margins, forming a superior and an inferior arch, which lie between the Orbicularis oculi and... The supratrochlear artery (or frontal artery), one of the terminal branches of the ophthalmic, branches off where the ophthalmic travels posterior to the Trochlea, leaves the orbit at its medial angle by piercing the orbital septum with the supratrochlear nerve, and, ascending on the forehead, supplies the integument, muscles, and... The Dorsal Nasal Artery (nasal artery), the other terminal branch of the ophthalmic, emerges from the orbit above the medial palpebral ligament, and, after giving a twig to the upper part of the lacrimal sac, divides into two branches, one of which crosses the root of the nose, and anastomoses... The retinal artery or central retinal artery branches off the ophthalmic artery, running inferior to the optic nerve within its dural sheath to the eyeball. ... The Ciliary Arteries are divisible into three groups, the long posterior, short posterior, and the anterior. ... The short posterior ciliary arteries from six to twelve in number, arise from the ophthalmic as it crosses the optic nerve. ... The long posterior ciliary arteries, two in number, pierce the posterior part of the sclera at some little distance from the optic nerve, and run forward, along either side of the eyeball, between the sclera and choroid, to the ciliary muscle, where they divide into two branches. ... The anterior ciliary arteries are derived from the muscular branches of the Ophthalmic Artery. ... The superior hypophysial artery is an artery supplying the pituitary gland. ... The inferior hypophysial artery is an artery supplying the pituitary gland. ... The cerebral portion of internal carotid artery. ... The anterior cerebral artery supplies oxygen to most medial portions of frontal lobes and superior medial parietal lobes. ... The arterial circle and arteries of the brain. ... The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is one of the three major arteries that supplies blood to the brain. ... The anterolateral central arteries (or antero-lateral ganglionic branches), a group of small arteries which arise at the commencement of the middle cerebral artery, are arranged in two sets: one, the internal striate, passes upward through the inner segments of the lentiform nucleus, and supplies it, the caudate nucleus, and... The arterial circle and arteries of the brain. ... The anterior choroidal artery originates from the internal carotid artery, though it will rarely arise from the middle cerebral artery. ... The circle of Willis (also called the cerebral arterial circle or arterial circle of Willis) is a circle of arteries that supply blood to the brain. ... The vertebral arteries are branches of the subclavian arteries. ... The subclavian artery is a major artery of the upper thorax that mainly supplies blood to the head and arms. ... The meningeal branches of vertebral artery (posterior meningeal branch) springs from the vertebral opposite the foramen magnum, ramifies between the bone and dura mater in the cerebellar fossa, and supplies the falx cerebelli. ... The posterior spinal artery (dorsal spinal artery) arises from the vertebral, at the side of the medulla oblongata; passing backward, it descends on this structure, lying in front of the posterior roots of the spinal nerves, and is reinforced by a succession of small branches, which enter the vertebral canal... In human anatomy, the anterior spinal artery is the blood vessel that supplies the anterior portion of the spinal cord. ... The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) is one of the three main arterial blood supplies for the cerebellum. ... The basilar artery is one of the arteries which the brain supplies with oxygen-rich blood. ... The pontine arteries are a number of small vessels which come off at right angles from either side of the basilar artery and supply the pons and adjacent parts of the brain. ... The labyrinthine artery (auditory artery, internal auditory artery), a long slender branch of the basilar artery, arises from near the middle of the artery; it accompanies the acoustic nerve through the internal acoustic meatus, and is distributed to the internal ear. ... The anterior inferior cerebellar artery passes backward to be distributed to the anterior part of the under surface of the cerebellum, anastomosing with the posterior inferior cerebellar branch of the vertebral. ... The superior cerebellar artery arises near the termination of the basilar. ... The arterial circle and arteries of the brain. ... The thyrocervical trunk ( A12. ... The inferior thyroid artery passes upward, in front of the vertebral artery and Longus colli; then turns medialward behind the carotid sheath and its contents, and also behind the sympathetic trunk, the middle cervical ganglion resting upon the vessel. ... The inferior laryngeal artery ascends upon the trachea to the back part of the larynx under cover of the Constrictor pharyngis inferior, in company with the recurrent nerve, and supplies the muscles and mucous membrane of this part, anastomosing with the branch from the opposite side, and with the superior... The tracheal branches of inferior thyroid artery are distributed upon the trachea, and anastomose below with the bronchial arteries. ... The esophageal branches of inferior thyroid artery supply the esophagus, and anastomose with the esophageal branches of the aorta. ... The ascending cervical artery is a small branch which arises from the inferior thyroid as that vessel is passing behind the carotid sheath; it runs up on the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the cervical vertebræ in the interval between the Scalenus anterior and Longus capitis. ... The suprascapular artery (or transverse scapular artery) is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk. ... The transverse cervical artery (transverse artery of neck, transversalis colli artery) is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk, running at a higher level than the suprascapular artery; it passes transversely above the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle to the anterior margin of the trapezius, beneath which it divides into... The Dorsal scapular artery (or descending scapular artery) is a blood vessel which supplies the latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboids, and trapezius. ... In the circulatory system, a vein is a blood vessel that carries blood toward the heart. ... For other uses, see Head (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Face (disambiguation). ... The anterior facial vein unites with the posterior facial vein to form the common facial vein, which crosses the external carotid artery and enters the internal jugular vein at a variable point below the hyoid bone. ... The anterior facial vein (facial vein) commences at the side of the root of the nose, and is a direct continuation of the angular vein. ... The frontal vein begins on the forehead in a venous plexus which communicates with the frontal branches of the superficial temporal vein. ... The supraorbital vein begins on the forehead where it communicates with the frontal branch of the superficial temporal vein. ... The angular vein formed by the junction of the frontal and supraorbital veins, runs obliquely downward, on the side of the root of the nose, to the level of the lower margin of the orbit, where it becomes the anterior facial vein. ... The superior labial vein is the vein receiving blood from the upper lip. ... The inferior labial vein is the vein receiving blood from the lower lip. ... The anterior facial vein receives a branch of considerable size, the deep facial vein, from the pterygoid venous plexus. ... The pterygoid plexus is of considerable size, and is situated between the Temporalis and Pterygoideus externus, and partly between the two Pterygoidei. ... The retromandibular vein (temporomaxillary vein, posterior facial vein), formed by the union of the superficial temporal and internal maxillary veins, descends in the substance of the parotid gland, superficial to the external carotid artery but beneath the facial nerve, between the ramus of the mandible and the Sternocleidomastoideus muscle. ... The maxillary veins (internal maxillary vein in older sources) consist of a short trunk which accompanies the first part of the internal maxillary artery. ... The superficial temporal vein begins on the side and vertex of the skull in a plexus which communicates with the frontal and supraorbital veins, with the corresponding vein of the opposite side, and with the posterior auricular and occipital veins. ... The anterior auricular veins are veins which drain the anterior aspect of the external ear. ... The posterior auricular vein begins upon the side of the head, in a plexus which communicates with the tributaries of the occipital, and superficial temporal veins. ...

other jugular veins: external • anterior • arch The occipital vein begins in a plexus at the back part of the vertex of the skull. ... The suboccipital venous plexus is a venous plexus which drains the back of the head. ... For other uses, see Neck (disambiguation). ... The internal jugular vein collects the blood from the brain, from the superficial parts of the face, and from the neck. ... The Lingual Veins begin on the dorsum, sides, and under surface of the tongue, and, passing backward along the course of the lingual artery, end in the internal jugular vein. ... The Pharyngeal Veins begin in the pharyngeal plexus on the outer surface of the pharynx, and, after receiving some posterior meningeal veins and the vein of the pterygoid canal, end in the internal jugular. ... The Superior Thyroid Vein begins in the substance and on the surface of the thyroid gland, by tributaries corresponding with the branches of the superior thyroid artery, and ends in the upper part of the internal jugular vein. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... The jugular veins are veins that bring deoxygenated blood from the head back to the heart via the superior vena cava. ... The external and internal jugular veins are veins that bring deoxygenated blood from the head back to the heart via the superior vena cava. ... The anterior jugular vein begins near the hyoid bone by the confluence of several superficial veins from the submaxillary region. ... Just above the sternum the two anterior jugular veins communicate by a transverse trunk, the jugular venous arch (or venous jugular arch), which receive tributaries from the inferior thyroid veins; each also communicates with the internal jugular. ...

confluence: superior sagittal • straight (inferior sagittal) • occipital The vertebral vein is formed in the suboccipital triangle, from numerous small tributaries which spring from the internal vertebral venous plexuses and issue from the vertebral canal above the posterior arch of the atlas. ... The Deep Cervical Vein (posterior vertebral or posterior deep cervical vein) accompanies its artery between the Semispinales capitis and colli. ... The diploic veins are found in the skull, and drain the diploic space. ... The human brain In animals, the brain (enkephalos) (Greek for in the skull), is the control center of the central nervous system, responsible for behavior. ... The cerebral veins are divisible into external and internal (internal cerebral veins) groups according as they drain the outer surfaces or the inner parts of the hemispheres. ... The Superior Cerebral Veins, eight to twelve in number, drain the superior, lateral, and medial surfaces of the hemispheres, and are mainly lodged in the sulci between the gyri, but some run across the gyri. ... The middle cerebral vein (superficial Sylvian vein) begins on the lateral surface of the hemisphere, and, running along the lateral cerebral fissure, ends in the cavernous or the sphenoparietal sinus. ... The Inferior Cerebral Veins, of small size, drain the under surfaces of the hemispheres. ... The great cerebral vein is one of the large blood vessels in the skull draining the cerebrum (brain). ... The internal cerebral veins (veins of Galen; deep cerebral veins) drain the deep parts of the hemisphere and are two in number; each is formed near the interventricular foramen by the union of the terminal and choroid veins. ... The basal vein is formed at the anterior perforated substance by the union of (a) a small anterior cerebral vein which accompanies the anterior cerebral artery, (b) the deep middle cerebral vein (deep Sylvian vein), which receives tributaries from the insula and neighboring gyri, and runs in the lower part... The superior cerebellar veins pass partly forward and medialward, across the superior vermis, to end in the straight sinus and the internal cerebral veins, partly lateralward to the transverse and superior petrosal sinuses. ... The inferior cerebellar veins are of large size, end in the transverse, superior petrosal, and occipital sinuses. ... The dural venous sinuses (also called dural sinuses or cerebral sinuses) are venous channels found between layers of dura mater in the brain. ... Each sigmoid sinus begins beneath the temporal bone and follows a tortuous course to the jugular foramen, at which point the sinus becomes continuous with the internal jugular vein. ... For the transverse pericardial sinus, see pericardial sinus. ... The petrosquamous sinus, when present, runs backward along the junction of the squama and petrous portion of the temporal, and opens into the transverse sinus. ... The superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, and occipital sinus connect at a series of channels that comprise the confluence of sinuses, which is found beneath the occipital protuberance of the skull. ... The superior sagittal sinus lies within the superior border of the falx cerebri, a two-layered dural structure separating the two cerebral hemispheres. ... The straight sinus lies in the falx cerebri superior to the tentorium cerebelli, a bilayer of dura mater superior to the cerebellum. ... The inferior sagittal sinus courses along the inferior border of the falx cerebri, superior to the corpus callosum. ... The occipital sinus courses through falx cerebelli, inferior to the straight sinus. ...