It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Heating value. (Discuss)

The Heat of combustion (ΔH_c⁰) is the energy released as heat when a compound undergoes complete combustion with oxygen. The chemical reaction is typically a hydrocarbon reacting with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, water and heat. It may be expressed with the quantities: Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Heating value (or calorific value) is used to define the amount of heat released during the combustion of a fuel or food. ... In physics, heat, symbolized by Q, is defined as transfer of thermal energy [1] Generally, heat is a form of energy transfer associated with the different motions of atoms, molecules and other particles that comprise matter when it is hot and when it is cold. ... A combustion reaction taking place in a igniting match Combustion or burning is a complex sequence of exothermic chemical reactions between a fuel and an oxidant accompanied by the production of heat or both heat and light in the form of either a glow or flames. ... General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals, chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) very pale blue (liquid) Standard atomic weight 15. ... Oil refineries are key to obtaining hydrocarbons; crude oil is processed through several stages to form desirable hydrocarbons, used in fuel and other commercial products. ... Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of one carbon and two oxygen atoms. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ...

• energy/mole of fuel
• energy/mass of fuel
• energy/volume of fuel

The heat of combustion is traditionally measured with a bomb calorimeter. It may also be calculated as the difference between the heat of formation (Δ_fH⁰) of the products and reactants. The mole (symbol: mol) is the SI base unit that measures an amount of substance. ... A calorimeter is a device used for calorimetry, the science of measuring the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes as well as heat capacity. ... The standard enthalpy of formation or standard heat of formation of a compound is the change of enthalpy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance in its standard state from its constituent elements in their standard states (the most stable form of the element at 1 atmosphere...

The heat of combustion for fuels is expressed as the HHV (Higher Heating value) or LHV (Lower Heating Value). Fuel is any material that is capable of releasing energy when its chemical or physical structure is changed or converted. ...

Lower heating value treats any H₂O formed as a vapor. The energy required to vaporize the water therefore is not realized as heat.

Higher Heating Value is the same as the thermodynamic heat of combustion since the enthalpy change for the reaction assumes a common temperature of the compounds before and after combustion, in which case the water produced by combustion is liquid. In thermodynamics and molecular chemistry, the enthalpy or heat content (denoted as H or ΔH, or rarely as χ) is a quotient or description of thermodynamic potential of a system, which can be used to calculate the useful work obtainable from a closed thermodynamic system under constant pressure. ...

Heat of combustion for common fuels (higher value)

The joule (IPA pronunciation: or ) (symbol: J) is the SI unit of energy. ... The U.S. National Prototype Kilogram, which currently serves as the primary standard for measuring mass in the U.S. It was assigned to the United States in 1889 and is periodically recertified and traceable to the primary international standard, The Kilogram, held at the Bureau International des Poids et... A calorie is a unit of measurement for energy. ... The U.S. National Prototype Kilogram, which currently serves as the primary standard for measuring mass in the U.S. It was assigned to the United States in 1889 and is periodically recertified and traceable to the primary international standard, The Kilogram, held at the Bureau International des Poids et... The British thermal unit (BTU) is a non-metric unit of energy, used in the United States and, to a certain extent, the UK. The SI unit is the joule (J), which is used by most other countries. ... The pound (abbreviations: lb or, sometimes in the United States, #) is a unit of mass in a number of different systems, including various systems of units of mass that formed part of English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ... Gasoline or petrol is a petroleum-derived liquid mixture consisting mostly of hydrocarbons and enhanced with benzene or iso-octane to increase octane ratings, used as fuel in internal combustion engines. ... Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel (1858-1913), inventor of the diesel engine. ... Grain alcohol redirects here. ... Propane is a three-carbon alkane, normally a gas, but compressible to a liquid that is transportable. ... Butane, also called n-butane, is the unbranched alkane with four carbon atoms, CH3CH2CH2CH3. ... Trunks A tree trunk as found at the Veluwe, The Netherlands Wood is a solid material derived from woody plants, notably trees but also shrubs. ... Coal Coal (IPA: ) is a fossil fuel formed in swamp ecosystems where plant remains were saved by water and mud from oxidization and biodegradation. ... Natural gas is a gaseous fossil fuel consisting primarily of methane but including significant quantities of ethane, butane, propane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium and hydrogen sulfide. ...

Lower heating value for some organic compounds (at 25°C)

The joule (IPA pronunciation: or ) (symbol: J) is the SI unit of energy. ... The international prototype, made of platinum-iridium, which is kept at the BIPM under conditions specified by the 1st CGPM in 1889. ... The joule (IPA pronunciation: or ) (symbol: J) is the SI unit of energy. ... The litre or liter (U.S. spelling, see spelling differences) is a unit of volume. ... The British thermal unit (BTU) is a non-metric unit of energy, used in the United States and, to a certain extent, the UK. The SI unit is the joule (J), which is used by most other countries. ... The joule (IPA pronunciation: or ) (symbol: J) is the SI unit of energy. ... Methane is a chemical compound with the molecular formula CH4. ... Ethane is a chemical compound with chemical formula C2H6. ... Propane is a three-carbon alkane, normally a gas, but compressible to a liquid that is transportable. ... Butane, also called n-butane, is the unbranched alkane with four carbon atoms, CH3CH2CH2CH3. ... Pentane (also known as amyl hydride or skellysolve) is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)3CH3. ... the 3rd ingredient in big mac ... R-phrases , , , , S-phrases , , , , , , , Flash point −4 °C Autoignition temperature 285 °C Explosive limits 1. ... Octane is an alkane with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)6CH3. ... Nonane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)7CH3. ... Decane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)8CH3. ... Undecane (also known as hendecane) is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)9CH3. ... Dodecane (also known as dihexyl, bihexyl, adakane 12 or duodecane) is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)10CH3, a thick, oily liquid of the paraffin series. ... Butane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the molecular formula C4H10. ... Pentane also known as amyl hydride or skellysolve is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)3CH3. ... R-phrases , , , , S-phrases , , , , , , , Flash point 4. ... Cyclopentane is a highly flammable alicyclic hydrocarbon with chemical formula C5H10 and CAS number 287-92-3, consisting of a ring of five carbon atoms each bonded with two hydrogen atoms above and below the plane. ... Cyclohexane is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula C6H12. ... synonyms : hexahydrotoluene; cyclohexylmethane; toluene hexahydride molecular formula : C7H14 CAS number : 108-87-2 Methylcyclohexane is a colourless liquid with a faint benzene-like odour Methylcyclohexane is used in organic synthesis and as a solvent for celluloseethers. ... Ethylene (or IUPAC name ethene) is the chemical compound with the formula C2H4. ... Propylene, also known by its IUPAC name propene, is an organic compound having the chemical formula C3H6. ... but-1-ene cis-but-2-ene trans-but-2-ene methylpropene There are four isomers of alkenes which have the chemical formula C4H8. ... but-1-ene cis-but-2-ene trans-but-2-ene methylpropene There are four isomers of alkenes which have the chemical formula C4H8. ... Isoprene is a common synonym for the chemical compound 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene. ... Flash point 35 °C R/S statement R: S: RTECS number PA9800000 Related compounds Related nitro compounds nitroethane Related compounds methyl nitrite methyl nitrate Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references Nitromethane is an organic... Acetylene (systematic name: ethyne) is the simplest alkyne hydrocarbon, consisting of two hydrogen atoms and two carbon atoms connected by a triple bond. ... Methylacetylene (propyne) is an alkyne with the chemical formula CH3C≡CH. It is a component of MAPP gas, which is commonly used in gas welding. ... Ethylacetylene, also known as 1-butyne, but-1-yne, ethylethyne, and UN 2452, is an extremely flammable and reactive alkyne with chemical formula C4H6 and CAS number 107-00-6 that is used in the synthesis of organic compounds. ... Benzene, also known as benzol, is an organic chemical compound with the formula C6H6. ... Toluene, also known as methylbenzene or phenylmethane is a clear, water-insoluble liquid with the typical smell of paint thinners, redolent of the sweet smell of the related compound benzene. ... o-Xylene is an aromatic hydrocarbon, based on benzene with two methyl substituents. ... m-Xylene is an aromatic hydrocarbon, based on benzene with two methyl substituents. ... p-Xylene is an aromatic hydrocarbon, based on benzene with two methyl substituents. ... Chemical Structure of Ethylbenzene Ethylbenzene is an organic chemical compound which is an aromatic hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C8H10. ... 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene is a colorless liquid with chemical formula C9H12. ... Cumene is the trivial name for isopropylbenzene, an organic chemical compound that is an aromatic hydrocarbon. ... Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, carbinol, wood alcohol, wood naptha or wood spirits, is a chemical compound with chemical formula CH3OH. It is the simplest alcohol, and is a light, volatile, colourless, flammable, poisonous liquid with a distinctive odor that is somewhat milder and sweeter than ethanol (ethyl alcohol). ... Grain alcohol redirects here. ... Propan-1-ol is a primary alcohol with the formula CH3CH2CH2OH. It is also known as 1-propanol, 1-propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, or simply propanol. ... Isopropyl alcohol or isopropanol is a common name for 2-propanol, an alcohol commonly used for application to the skin, and popularly referred to as rubbing alcohol. ... Isobutanol (IUPAC nomenclature: 2-methyl-1-propanol; also known as 2-methylpropyl alcohol, among other names) is a colorless, flamable, organic compound with a characteristical smell. ... Dimethyl ether, also known as methoxymethane, methyl ether, wood ether, and DME, is a colorless gaseous ether with with an ethereal smell. ... This article is about the chemical compound. ... The chemical compound formaldehyde (also known by IUPAC nomenclature as methanal), is a gas with a strong pungent smell. ... Acetaldehyde, also known as ethanal, is a chemical compound, an aldehyde with formula CH3CHO and structure It is a highly reactive flammable liquid with a strong fruity smell. ... R-phrases , S-phrases , , Flash point −26°C Autoignition temperature 175°C RTECS number  ? Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... Butanal (C4H8O; alternate names include butyraldehyde, butyl aldehyde, butal, and butanaldehyde) is the aldehyde analog of butane. ... The chemical compound acetone (also known as propanone, dimethyl ketone, 2-propanone, propan-2-one and β-ketopropane) is the simplest representative of the ketones. ... Graphite (named by Abraham Gottlob Werner in 1789 from the Greek γραφειν (graphein): to draw/write, for its use in pencils) is one of the allotropes of carbon. ... General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ... Carbon monoxide, with the chemical formula CO, is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas. ... Ammonia is a compound with the formula NH3. ... General Name, Symbol, Number sulfur, S, 16 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 16, 3, p Appearance lemon yellow Standard atomic weight 32. ...

References

• "Carburants et moteurs", J-C Guibet, Publication de l'Institut Français du Pétrole, ISBN 2-7108-0704-1

See also

• Energy density
• Combustion
• Exothermic reaction
• Fire
• Internal energy
• Heating value

Energy density is the amount of energy stored in a given system or region of space per unit volume or per unit mass, depending on the context. ... A combustion reaction taking place in a igniting match Combustion or burning is a complex sequence of exothermic chemical reactions between a fuel and an oxidant accompanied by the production of heat or both heat and light in the form of either a glow or flames. ... In chemistry, an exothermic reaction is one that releases heat . ... A forest fire Fire is a rapid oxidation process that creates light, heat, smoke, and releases energy in varying intensities. ... In thermodynamics, the internal energy of a thermodynamic system, or a body with well-defined boundaries, denoted by U, or sometimes E, is the total of the kinetic energy due to the motion of molecules (translational, rotational, vibrational) and the potential energy associated with the vibrational and electric energy of... Heating value (or calorific value) is used to define the amount of heat released during the combustion of a fuel or food. ...

External links

• NIST Chemistry WebBook
• ASTM Standard Testing