Heavy crude oil is the type of crude oil which is characterised by the presence of high amount of wax in it, as compared to light crude oil which contains a lesser amount of wax. The classification is based more on practical grounds than theoretical, since pumping of heavy crude is more difficult than that of light crude. The transportation of heavy crude presents a problem, as well. Generally a diluent is added at regular distances in a pipeline carrying heavy crude, and also in pipelines operating in places with very low temperatures. Nodding donkey pumping an oil well near Sarnia, Ontario, 2001 Petroleum (from Latin petrus – rock and oleum – oil), mineral oil, or crude oil, sometimes colloquially called black gold, is a thick, dark brown or greenish flammable liquid, which exists in the upper strata of some areas of the Earths... Light crude oil as opposed to heavy crude oil contains a low content of wax. ... Categories: Move to Wiktionary | Stub ...
After all components were extracted from the crudeoil, which is converted to fuel oil or gasoline, heavyoil remains as remnant of the distillate.
Heavyoil is pasty or firm at room temperature.
In order to keep it pumpable, heavyoil must be warmed up to 50 to 60 °C. For injection into the engine combustion chamber it must be heated to 130 to 140 °C. To the boiler enterprise on steam ships or steam engines similar values apply.
The sulphur emissive capability, on combustion, of coke which is formed during upgrading of sulphur-containing heavycrudeoils, including oil sands bitumen, and residua, is decreased by the addition of calcium carbonate, preferably in the form of limestone, to the heavycrudeoil prior to coking.
Other heavycrudeoils, which do not have substantial proportions of minerals associated therewith, and residua are also subjected to an initial coking step in upgrading the same, to result in sulphur-containing coke.
It has been found that when calcium carbonate is added to the heavycrudeoil, the heavycrudeoil is subsequently coked, and the coke is combusted, then nickel and vanadium can be extracted substantially quantitatively from the ash remaining from the combustion by leaching of the ash with hydrochloric acid.
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