The system of Hebrew numerals is a quasi-decimal alphabetic numeral system using the letters of the Hebrew alphabet. A numeral is a symbol or group of symbols, or a word in a natural language that represents a number. ... The Hindu-Arabic numeral system (also called Algorism) is a positional decimal numeral system documented from the 9th century. ... Numerals sans-serif Arabic numerals, known formally as Hindu-Arabic numerals, and also as Indian numerals, Hindu numerals, Western Arabic numerals, European numerals, or Western numerals, are the most common symbolic representation of numbers around the world. ... The Eastern Arabic numerals (also called Eastern Arabic numerals, Arabic-Indic numerals, Arabic Eastern Numerals) are the symbols (glyphs) used to represent the Hindu-Arabic numeral system in conjunction with the Arabic alphabet in Egypt, Iran, Pakistan and parts of India, and also in the no longer used Ottoman Turkish... Khmer numerals are the numerals used in the Khmer language of Cambodia. ... India has produced many numeral systems. ... The Brahmi numerals are an indigenous Indian numeral system attested from the 3rd century BCE (somewhat later in the case of most of the tens). ... The Abjad numerals are a decimal numeral system which was used in the Arabic-speaking world prior to the use of the Hindu-Arabic numerals from the 8th century, and in parallel with the latter until Modern times. ... Cyrillic numerals was a numbering system derived from the Cyrillic alphabet, used by South and East Slavic peoples. ... Note: This article contains special characters. ... Greek numerals are a system of representing numbers using letters of the Greek alphabet. ... The Sanskrit alphabetic numerals were created in about A.D. 510 by Āryabhaa. ... Attic numerals were used by ancient Greeks, possibly from the 7th century BC. They were also known as Herodianic numerals because they were first described in a 2nd century manuscript by Herodianus. ... The Etruscan numerals were used by the ancient Etruscans. ... During the beginning of the Urnfield culture, around 1200 BC, a series of votive sickles of bronze with marks that have been interpreted as a numeral system, appeared in Central Europe. ... Roman numerals are a numeral system originating in ancient Rome, adapted from Etruscan numerals. ... Babylonian numerals by sarah nixon this number system was discovered by a 12 year old girl named sarah nixon were written in cuneiform, using a wedge-tipped reed stylus to make a mark on a soft clay tablet which would be exposed in the sun to harden to create a... Mayan numerals. ... This is a list of numeral system topics, by Wikipedia page. ... Positional notation is a system in which each position has a value represented by a unique symbol or character. ... The radix (Latin for root), also called base, is the number of various unique symbols (or digits or numerals) a positional numeral system uses to represent numbers. ... The decimal (base ten or occasionally denary) numeral system has ten as its base. ... The binary numeral system, or base-2 number system, is a numeral system that represents numeric values using two symbols, usually 0 and 1. ... Quaternary is the base four numeral system. ... The octal numeral system, or oct for short, is the base-8 number system, and uses the digits 0 to 7. ... In mathematics and computer science, hexadecimal, base-16, or simply hex, is a numeral system with a radix, or base, of 16, usually written using the symbols 0–9 and A–F, or a–f. ... Base32 is a derivation of Base64 with the following additional properties: The resulting character set is all uppercase, which can often be beneficial when using a case-sensitive filesystem. ... Base 64 is a positional numeral system using a base of 64. ... Ternary or trinary is the base-3 numeral system. ... Nonary is a base 9 numeral system, typically using the digits 0-8, but not the digit 9. ... The duodecimal (also known as base-12 or dozenal) system is a numeral system using twelve as its base. ... As there are 24 hours in a day a numbering system based upon 24, and as the base 12 is convenient here some examples of the base 24 (quadrovigesimal) system. ... Base 30 or trigesimal is a positional numeral system using 30 as the radix. ... Base 36 refers to a positional numeral system using 36 as the radix. ... The sexagesimal (base-sixty) is a numeral system with sixty as the base. ... A numeral is a symbol or group of symbols, or a word in a natural language that represents a number. ... Note: This article contains special characters. ...

In this system, there is no notation for zero, and the numeric values for individual letters are added together. Each unit (1, 2, ..., 9) is assigned a separate letter, each tens (10, 20, ..., 90) a separate letter, and each hundreds (100, 200, ..., 900) a separate letter. Gematria (Jewish numerology) uses these transformations extensively. 0 (zero) is both a number and a numerical digit used to represent that number in numerals. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ...

Main Table

Look up one in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... is the reconstructed name of the first letter of the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, continued in descended Semitic alphabets as Phoenician , Syriac , Hebrew Aleph ‎, and Arabic ‎. Aleph originally represented the glottal stop (IPA ), usually transliterated as , a symbol based on the Greek spiritus lenis , for example in the transliteration of the... “II” redirects here. ... Bet or Beth is the second letter of the Phoenician alphabet, the Hebrew alphabet, and the Aramaic alphabet. ... This article discusses the number three. ...   Gimmel is the third letter of many Semitic alphabets, including Aramaic, Syriac, Phoenician and Hebrew. ... This article discusses the number Four. ... Dalet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Look up five in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... He is the fifth letter of the Phoenician and Hebrew alphabets. ... Look up six in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...   Vav or waw is the sixth letter of many Semitic alphabets, including Phoenician, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Arabic in abjadi order; it is the twenty-seventh in modern Arabic order. ... Seven Days of Creation - 1765 book, title page Seven (7) is the sixth successor of one (1). ... Zayin or Zain is the seventh letter of many Semitic alphabets, including Phoenician, Hebrew, and Aramaic. ... Look up eight in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...   Kheth or Het is the eighth letter of many Semitic alphabets, including Phoenician, Hebrew, and Aramaic. ... Look up nine in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... (also Teth, Tet) is the ninth letter of many Semitic abjads, including Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew , Syriac and Arabic (in abjadi order, 16th in modern order). ... 10 (ten) is an even natural number following 9 and preceding 11. ... Yodh (also spelled Yud or Yod) is the tenth letter of many Semitic abjads, including Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew , Syriac and Arabic (in abjadi order, 28th in modern order). ... 20 (twenty) is the natural number following 19 and preceding 21. ... Kaph (also spelled Kap or Kaf) is the eleventh letter of many Semitic abjads, including Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew ‎ and Arabic alphabet ‎. Its value is IPA: . See also Ngaph. ... 30 (thirty) is the natural number following 29 and preceding 31. ... Lamed or Lamedh is the twelfth letter of the Phoenician and Hebrew alphabets. ... 40 (forty) is the natural number following 39 and preceding 41. ... Mem is the thirteenth letter of the Phoenician and Hebrew alphabets. ... 50 (fifty) is the number following 49 and preceding 51. ... Nun is the fourteenth letter of the Phoenician and Hebrew alphabets. ... 60 (sixty) is the natural number following 59 and preceding 61. ... Samekh is the fifteenth letter of the Phoenician and Hebrew alphabets. ... Look up seventy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Ayin is the sixteenth letter in many Semitic alphabets, including Phoenician, Hebrew, and Aramaic. ... 80 (eighty) is the natural number following 79 and preceding 81. ... This is about the Hebrew letter: for the Cyrillic letter, see Pe (Cyrillic). ... 90 (ninety) is the natural number preceded by 89 and followed by 91. ... (also spelled Tzadi or Sadhe) is the eighteenth letter in many Semitic abjads, including Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew ‎ and Arabic alphabet ‎. Its oldest sound value is probably IPA: , although there is a variety of pronunciation in different modern Semitic languages and their dialects. ... 100 (one hundred) (the Roman numeral is C for centum) is the natural number following 99 and preceding 101. ...   Qoph is the nineteenth letter in many Semitic alphabets, including Phoenician, Hebrew, and Aramaic. ... 200 is the natural number following 199 and preceding 201. ... Resh is the twentieth letter of the Phoenician and Hebrew alphabets. ... This article is about the number 300. ... Shin (also spelled Sin or Sheen) is the twenty-first letter in many Semitic abjads, including Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew and Arabic (in abjadi order, 12th in modern order). ... Four hundred is the natural number following three hundred ninety-nine and preceding four hundred one. ... Taw or Tav is the twenty-second and last letter in many Semitic abjads, including Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew and Arabic alphabet . Its original value is an voiceless alveolar plosive, IPA , The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek Tau (Τ), Latin T, and the equivalent in the Cyrillic alphabet. ... Five hundred is the natural number following four hundred ninety-nine and preceding five hundred one. ... Kaph (also spelled Kap or Kaf) is the eleventh letter of many Semitic abjads, including Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew ‎ and Arabic alphabet ‎. Its value is IPA: . See also Ngaph. ... Six hundred is the natural number following five and hundred ninety-nine and preceding six hundred and one. ... Mem is the thirteenth letter of the Phoenician and Hebrew alphabets. ... 700 (seven hundred) is the natural number following 699（six hundred ninety-nine） and preceding 701（seven hundred one）. Cardinal Seven hundred Ordinal 700th Factorization Roman numeral DCC Binary 1010111100 Duodecimal 4A4 Hexadecimal 2BC Vigesimal 1F0 It is the sum of four consecutive primes (167 + 173 + 179 + 181). ... Nun is the fourteenth letter of the Phoenician and Hebrew alphabets. ... 800 (eight hundred) is the natural number following 799 and preceding 801. ... This is about the Hebrew letter: for the Cyrillic letter, see Pe (Cyrillic). ... Nine hundred is the natural number following eight hundred ninety-nine and preceding nine hundred one. ... Tsade or Tsadi is the 18th letter in the Phoenician and Hebrew alphabets. ...

Calculations

The Hebrew numeric system operates on the additive principle in which the numeric values of the letters are added together to form the total. For example, 177 is represented as קעז which corresponds to 100 + 70 + 7 = 177.

Mathematically, this system requires 27 letters. The last letter, tav (which has the value 400) is used in combination with itself and/or other letters from kof (100) onwards, to generate numbers from 500 and above. Alternatively, the 22-letter Hebrew alphabet is sometimes extended to 27 by using 5 sofeet (final) forms of the Hebrew letters.

Key exceptions

By convention, the numbers 15 and 16 are represented as ‫ט״ו‬ ‎(9+6) and ‫ט״ז‬ ‎(9+7), respectively. This is done in order to refrain from using the two-letter combinations י–ה ‭(10+5)‬ and י–ו ‭(10+6)‬ (which are alternate written forms for the Name of God) in everyday writing. It has been suggested that Yahweh be merged into this article or section. ...

Combinations which would spell out words with negative connotations are sometimes avoided by switching the order of the letters. For instance, ‫תשמ״ד‬ (meaning "you/it will be destroyed") might instead be written as ‫תשד״מ‬.

Gershayim

Gereshayim (U+05F4 in Unicode, and resembling a double quote mark) [sometimes referred to as mercha'ot] are inserted before (to the right of) the last (leftmost) letter to indicate that the sequence of letters represents a number rather than a word. This is used in the case where a number is represented by two or more Hebrew numerals (e.g., 18 → ‫י״ח‬). Unicode is an industry standard designed to allow text and symbols from all of the writing systems of the world to be consistently represented and manipulated by computers. ... The symbol ″, while technically the double-prime, is also used to mean inch. ...

Similarly, a single geresh (U+05F3 in Unicode, and resembling a single quote mark) is appended after (to the left of) a single letter to indicate that the letter represents a number rather than a (one-letter) word. This is used in the case where a number is represented by a single Hebrew numeral (e.g., 100 → ‫ק׳‬). The symbol ″, while technically the double-prime, is also used to mean inch. ...

Decimals

In print, Arabic numerals are employed in Modern Hebrew for most purposes. Hebrew numerals are used nowadays primarily for writing the days and years of the Hebrew calendar; for references to traditional Jewish texts (particularly for Biblical chapter and verse and for Talmudic folios); for bulleted or numbered lists (similar to A, B, C, etc., in English); and in numerology (gematria). Numerals sans-serif Arabic numerals, known formally as Hindu-Arabic numerals, and also as Indian numerals, Hindu numerals, Western Arabic numerals, European numerals, or Western numerals, are the most common symbolic representation of numbers around the world. ... The Hebrew calendar (Hebrew: ) or Jewish calendar is the annual calendar used in Judaism. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ...

Thousands and date formats

Thousands are counted separately, and the thousands count precedes the rest of the number (to the right, since Hebrew is read from right to left). There are no special marks to signify that the “count” is starting over with thousands, which can theoretically lead to ambiguity. When specifying years of the Hebrew calendar in the present millennium, writers usually omit the thousands (which is presently 5 [‫ה‬]). The current Israeli coinage includes the thousands.

Date examples

“Monday, 15 Adar 5764” (where 5764 = 5(×1000) + 400 + 300 + 60 + 4, and 15 = 9 + 6):

In full (with thousands): “Monday, 15(th) of Adar, 5764”

‫יום שני ט״ו באדר ה׳תשס״ד‬

Common usage (omitting thousands): “Monday, 15(th) of Adar, (5)764”

‫יום שני ט״ו באדר תשס״ד‬

Alternative “American style” (writing “15” in Arabic numerals): “Adar 15, (5)764”

‫אדר 15 תשס״ד‬

“Thursday, 3 Nisan 5767” (where 5767 = 5(×1000) + 400 + 300 + 60 + 7):

In full (with thousands): “Thursday, 3(rd) of Nisan, 5767”

‫יום חמישי ג׳ בניסן ה׳תשס״ז‬

Common usage (omitting thousands): “Thursday, 3(rd) of Nisan, (5)767”

‫יום חמישי ג׳ בניסן תשס״ז‬

Alternative “American style” (writing “3” in Arabic numerals): “Nisan 3, (5)767”

‫ניסן 3 תשס״ז‬

To see how today's date in the Hebrew calendar is written, see, for example, the dateline at the top of the Haaretz Online home page. The Hebrew calendar (Hebrew: ) or Jewish calendar is the annual calendar used in Judaism. ...

Recent years

5768 (2007–08) = ‫תשס״ח‬

5767 (2006–07) = ‫תשס״ז‎‬

5766 (2005–06) = ‫תשס״ו‎‬

5765 (2004–05) = ‫תשס״ה‎‬

Similar systems

The Abjad numerals are equivalent to the Hebrew numerals up to 400. The Greek numerals differ from the Hebrew ones from 90 upwards because in the Greek alphabet there is no equivalent for Tsadi (צ). The Abjad numerals are a decimal numeral system which was used in the Arabic-speaking world prior to the use of the Hindu-Arabic numerals from the 8th century, and in parallel with the latter until Modern times. ... Greek numerals are a system of representing numbers using letters of the Greek alphabet. ... The Greek alphabet is an alphabet that has been used to write the Greek language since about the 9th century BCE. It was the first alphabet in the narrow sense, that is, a writing system using a separate symbol for each vowel and consonant alike. ...

External links

• http://www.inner.org/gematria/gemchart.htm