Heinrich Freiherr von Stackelberg
Born	October 31, 1905(1905-10-31) Moscow, Russian Empire
Died	October 12, 1946 (aged 40) Madrid, Spain
Nationality	Germany
Fields	Economics
Institutions	University of Berlin University of Bonn Complutense University of Madrid
Alma mater	University of Cologne (Ph.D. and Habilitation)
Doctoral advisor	Erwin von Beckerath
Known for	Industrial Organization

Heinrich Freiherr von Stackelberg (October 31, 1905 - October 12, 1946) was a German economist who contributed to game theory and industrial organization and is known for the Stackelberg leadership model. is the 304th day of the year (305th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1905 (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ... The subject of this article was previously also known as Russia. ... is the 285th day of the year (286th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Spain. ... This article is about the Spanish capital. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... Face-to-face trading interactions on the New York Stock Exchange trading floor. ... There is no institution called the University of Berlin, but there are four universities in Berlin, Germany: Humboldt University of Berlin (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin) Technical University of Berlin (Technische Universität Berlin) Free University of Berlin (Freie Universität Berlin) Berlin University of the Arts (Universität der Künste Berlin) This is... The University of Bonn (German: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn) is a public research university located in Bonn, Germany. ... UCM redirects here. ... For other uses, see Alma mater (disambiguation). ... The University of Cologne (German Universität zu Köln) is one of the oldest universities in Europe and, with over 44. ... Habilitation is the highest academic qualification a person can achieve by his/her own pursuit in certain European countries. ... Industrial organization is the field of economics that studies the behavior of firms, the structure of markets and of their interactions. ... is the 304th day of the year (305th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1905 (disambiguation). ... is the 285th day of the year (286th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Alan Greenspan, former chairman, United States Federal Reserve. ... For other uses, see Game theory (disambiguation) and Game (disambiguation). ... Industrial organization is the field of economics that studies the behavior of firms, the structure of markets and of their interactions. ...

Biography

Stackelberg was born in Moscow into a Baltic-German family of nobility from Estonia. His mother was an Argentinian of Spanish descent. After the October Revolution the family fled to Germany, first to Ratibor and later to Cologne. He studied economics and mathematics at the University of Cologne as an undergraduate. He graduated in 1927 with a thesis on the Quasi-rent in Alfred Marshalls work (German: Die Quasirente bei Alfred Marshall). He continued his studies as a Ph.D. student in economics under Erwin von Beckerath. He graduated in 1930 with a dissertation on cost theory (German: Die Grundlagen einer reinen Kostentheorie), which was published in 1932 in Vienna. In 1934 he finished his habilitation on market structure and equilibrium (German: Marktform und Gleichgewicht). For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see October Revolution (disambiguation). ... Racibórz (-Polish, Czech: RatiboÅ™, German: Ratibor) is a town in southern Poland with 65,100 inhabitants (1995) situated in the Silesian Voivodship (since 1999), previously in Katowice Voivodship (1975-1998). ... Cologne (German: , IPA: ; local dialect: Kölle ) is Germanys fourth-largest city after Berlin, Hamburg and Munich, and is the largest city both in the German Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and within the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Area, one of the major European metropolitan areas with more than... The University of Cologne (German Universität zu Köln) is one of the oldest universities in Europe and, with over 44. ... Quasi-rent is an economics term that describes earnings of capital, which is fixed in supply in the short run. ... Alfred Marshall Alfred Marshall (July 26, 1842–July 13, 1924), born in Bermondsey, London, England, became one of the most influential economists of his time. ... Habilitation is the highest academic qualification a person can achieve by his/her own pursuit in certain European countries. ...

After his habilitation he became a lecturer at the University of Cologne. After one semester he accepted a position at the University of Berlin where he taught until 1941. In 1941, Stackelberg became professor of economics at the University of Bonn. In 1944, Stackelberg left Germany for Spain, where he became a visiting professor at the Complutense University of Madrid. He died of lymphoma in 1946.^[1] Stackelberg was a member of the NSDAP since 1931 and a Scharführer in the SS since 1933.^[2] There is no institution called the University of Berlin, but there are four universities in Berlin, Germany: Humboldt University of Berlin (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin) Technical University of Berlin (Technische Universität Berlin) Free University of Berlin (Freie Universität Berlin) Berlin University of the Arts (Universität der Künste Berlin) This is... The meaning of the word professor (Latin: [1]) varies. ... The University of Bonn (German: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn) is a public research university located in Bonn, Germany. ... UCM redirects here. ... This article is about lymphoma in humans. ... The Nazi Party, officially: National Socialist German Workers Party, (German: , abbreviated NSDAP), was a political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945. ... SS-Scharführer Collar Patch SA-Scharführer Collar Patch Scharführer was a Nazi Party title that was used by several paramilitary organizations from 1925 to 1945. ... SS redirects here. ...

Research

The Stackelberg leadership model is a model of a duopoly. In a standard Stackelberg duopoly situation there are two firms in a market. The number of firms is restricted to two by assuming barriers to entry. Each firm is taking into account its competitors decision on the quantity produced. Unlike in the Cournot game firms act sequentially, with the leader choosing a quantity first. The follower observes the decision of the leader and chooses his quantity. A true duopoly is a specific type of oligopoly where only two producers exist in one market. ... Cournot competition is an economics model used to describe industry structure. ...

There are some further constraints upon the sustaining of a Stackelberg equilibrium. The leader must know ex ante that the follower observes his action. The follower must have no means of committing to a future non-Stackelberg follower action and the leader must know this. Indeed, if the 'follower' could commit to a Stackelberg leader action and the 'leader' knew this, the leader's best response would be to play a Stackelberg follower action. Ex ante is a Latin term meaning beforehand. Ex ante evaluations deal with forecasting and forecasted returns on invested money. ...

More generally, in a Stackelberg game one player moves before the other player, which can provide either a first-mover advantage or a first-mover disadvantage, depending on the specific assumptions that are made in the game. Other well-known games are the Bertrand game and the Cournot game. The Nash equilibrium plays an important role in solving the Stackelberg game and other games. The Stackelberg leadership model is a model of duopoly in economics. ... Bertrand competition is a model of competition used in economics, named after Joseph Louis François Bertrand (1822-1900). ... Cournot competition is an economics model used to describe industry structure. ... In game theory, the Nash equilibrium (named after John Forbes Nash, who proposed it) is a kind of solution concept of a game involving two or more players, where no player has anything to gain by changing only his or her own strategy unilaterally. ...

See also Stackelberg competition. The Stackelberg leadership model is a strategic game in economics in which the leader firm moves first and then the follower firms move sequentially. ...

Publications

• Grundlagen einer reinen Kostentheorie (Foundations of Cost Theory), Vienna, 1932
• Marktform und Gleichgewicht (Market Structure and Equilibrium), Vienna, 1934
• Grundlagen der theoretischen Volkswirtschaftslehre (Foundations of Economic Theory), Berne, 1948

For other uses, see Vienna (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Vienna (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Berne (disambiguation). ...

References