Hematology (American English) or haematology (British English) is the branch of biology (physiology), pathology, clinical laboratory, internal medicine, and pediatrics that is concerned with the study of blood, the blood-forming organs, and blood diseases. Hematology includes the study of etiology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention of blood diseases. The lab work that goes into the study of blood is performed by a Medical Technologist. For other uses, see American English (disambiguation). ... British English (BrE, BE, en-GB) is the broad term used to distinguish the forms of the English language used in the United Kingdom from forms used elsewhere in the Anglophone world. ... A renal cell carcinoma (chromophobe type) viewed on a hematoxylin & eosin stained slide Pathologist redirects here. ... A medical laboratory or clinical laboratory is a laboratory where tests are done on biological specimens in order to get information about the health of a patient. ... Doctors of internal medicine (internists) are medical specialists who focus on adult medicine and have had special study and training focusing on the prevention and treatment of adult diseases. ... This article is about the branch of medicine. ... Human blood smear: a - erythrocytes; b - neutrophil; c - eosinophil; d - lymphocyte. ... This article is about the medical term. ... In general, diagnosis (plural diagnoses) has two distinct dictionary definitions. ... Prognosis (older Greek πρόγνωσις, modern Greek πρόγνωση - literally fore-knowing, foreseeing) is a medical term denoting the doctors prediction of how a patients disease will progress, and whether there is chance of recovery. ... This article lacks information on the importance of the subject matter. ... A medical technologist (MT) is a healthcare professional who performs diagnostic analytic tests on human body fluids such as blood, urine, sputum, stool, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), peritoneal fluid, pericardial fluid, and synovial fluid, as well as other specimens. ...

Blood diseases affect the production of blood and its components, such as blood cells, haemoglobin, blood proteins, the mechanism of coagulation, etc. A blood cell is any cell of any type normally found in blood. ... 3-dimensional structure of hemoglobin Hemoglobin or haemoglobin is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red cells of the blood in mammals and other animals. ... Blood proteins, also called serum proteins, are proteins found in blood plasma. ... This article is about the clotting of blood. ...

Hematologists and Hematopathologists

Physicians specialized in hematology are known as hematologists. Their routine work mainly includes the care and treatment of patients with hematological diseases, although some may also work at the hematology laboratory viewing blood films and bone marrow slides under the microscope, interpreting various hematological test results. In some institutions, hematologists also manage the hematology laboratory. Physicians who mainly work in hematology laboratories, and most commonly manage it, are pathologists specialized in the diagnosis of hematological diseases, referred to as hematopathologists. Hematologists and hematopathologists generally work in conjunction to formulate a diagnosis and deliver the most appropiate therapy if needed. Hematology is a distinct subspecialty of internal medicine, separate from but overlapping with the subspecialty of medical oncology. Hematologists may specialise further or have special interests, for example in: Blood films, Giemsa stained A blood film or peripheral blood smear is a slide made from a drop of blood, that allows the cells to be examined. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Robert Hookes microscope (1665) - an engineered device used to study living systems. ...

• treating bleeding disorders such as hemophilia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
• treating hematological malignacies such as lymphoma and leukemia (onco hematology)
• treating hemoglobinopathies
• in the science of blood transfusion and the work of a blood bank

(Hema- comes from the Greek word "`'aima" meaning "blood", -logy comes from the Greek "logos" meaning word. [referring to the first root word, as in biology, with bio- meaning life and, of course Haemophilia or hemophilia is the name of any of several hereditary genetic illnesses that impair the bodys ability to control bleeding. ... Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is the condition of having a low platelet count (thrombocytopenia) of no known cause (idiopathic). ... This article is about lymphoma in humans. ... Leukemia or lekemia (Greek leukos, “white”; haima, “blood”) (see spelling differences) is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow and is characterized by an abnormal proliferation (production by multiplication) of blood cells, usually white blood cells (leukocytes). ... Hemoglobinopathy is a kind of genetic defect that results in abnormal structure of one of the globin chains of the hemoglobin molecule. ... Blood transfusion is the process of transferring blood or blood-based products from one person into the circulatory system of another. ... A blood bank is a cache or bank of blood or blood components, gathered as a result of blood donation, stored and preserved for later use in blood transfusions. ...

Common basic clinical hematology tests

In a clinical laboratory the hematology department performs numerous different tests on blood. The most commonly performed test is the complete blood count (CBC) also called full blood count (FBC), which includes; white blood cell count, platelet count, hemoglobin level and several parameters of red blood cells. Coagulation is a sub-speciality of hematology; basic general coagulation tests are the prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT). Another common hematology test in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Schematics of shorthand for complete blood count commonly used by physicians. ... White Blood Cells redirects here. ... A 250 ml bag of newly collected platelets. ... Structure of hemoglobin. ... “Red cell” redirects here. ... This article is about the clotting of blood. ... The prothrombin time (PT) and its derived measures of prothrombin ratio (PR) and international normalized ratio (INR) are measures of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. ... The partial thromboplastin time (PTT) or activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT or APTT) is a performance indicator measuring the efficacy of both the intrinsic and the common coagulation pathways. ... The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), also called a sedimentation rate, sed rate or Biernacki Reaction, is a non-specific measure of inflammation that is commonly used as a medical screening test. ...

In a blood bank the Coombs test is the most commonly performed test.^{[citation needed]} A blood bank is a cache or bank of blood or blood components, gathered as a result of blood donation, stored and preserved for later use in blood transfusions. ... Coombs test (also known as Coombs test, antiglobulin test or AGT) refers to two clinical blood tests used in [[immunohematology] and immunology. ...

Hematology as basic medical science

• Blood
  • Venous blood
  • Venipuncture
  • Hemopoiesis
  • Blood tests
  • Cord blood
• Red blood cells
  • Erythropoiesis
  • Erythropoietin
  • Iron metabolism
  • Hemoglobin
  • Glycolysis
  • Pentose phosphate pathway
• Reticuloendothelial system
  • Bone marrow
  • Spleen
  • Liver
• Lymphatic system
• Blood transfusion
  • Blood plasma
  • Blood bank
  • Blood donors
  • Blood groups
• Haemostasis
  • Coagulation
  • Vitamin K
• Complement system
  • Immunoglobulins

Human blood smear: a - erythrocytes; b - neutrophil; c - eosinophil; d - lymphocyte. ... In the circulatory system, venous blood is blood returning to the heart. ... Venipuncture using a vacutainer. ... Haematopoiesis is the formation of blood cellular components. ... Blood tests are laboratory tests done on blood to gain an appreciation of disease states and the function of organs. ... Umbilical cord blood is human blood from the placenta and umbilical cord that is rich in hematopoietic stem cells. ... “Red cell” redirects here. ... Erythropoiesis is the process by which red blood cells (erythrocytes) are produced. ... Erythropoietin (IPA pronunciation: , alternative pronunciations: ) or EPO is a glycoprotein hormone that is a cytokine for erythrocyte (red blood cell) precursors in the bone marrow. ... Human beings use 20 mg of iron each day for the production of new red blood cells, much of which is recycled from old red blood cells. ... Structure of hemoglobin. ... The word glycolysis is derived from Greek γλυκύς (sweet) and λύσις (letting loose). ... The pentose phosphate pathways Nonoxidative phase The pentose phosphate pathway (also called Phosphogluconate Pathway, or Hexose Monophosphate Shunt [HMP shunt]) is a process that serves to generate NADPH and the synthesis of pentose (5-carbon) sugars. ... The reticuloendothelial system (RES), part of the immune system, consists of the phagocytic cells located in reticular connective tissue, primarily monocytes and macrophages. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The spleen is an organ located in the abdomen, where it functions in the destruction of old red blood cells and holding a reservoir of blood. ... For the bird, see Liver bird. ... The human lymphatic system The lymphatic system is a complex network of lymphoid organs, lymph nodes, lymph ducts, lymphatic tissues, lymph capillaries and lymph vessels that produce and transport lymph fluid from tissues to the circulatory system. ... Blood transfusion is the process of transferring blood or blood-based products from one person into the circulatory system of another. ... Blood plasma is the liquid component of blood, in which the blood cells are suspended. ... A blood bank is a cache or bank of blood or blood components, gathered as a result of blood donation, stored and preserved for later use in blood transfusions. ... Blood donation is a process by which a blood donor voluntarily has blood drawn for storage in a blood bank for subsequent use in a blood transfusion. ... A blood type is a description an individuals characteristics of red blood cells due to substances (carbohydrates and proteins) on the cell membrane. ... Hemostasisis the physiologic process which results in the cessation of bleeding in most animals with a closed circulatory system. ... This article is about the clotting of blood. ... Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone). ... A complement protein attacking an invader. ... Schematic of antibody binding to an antigen An antibody is a protein complex used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects like bacteria and viruses. ...

Classification of hematologic diseases

• Hemoglobinopathies (congenital abnormality of the hemoglobin molecule or of the rate of hemoglobin synthesis)
  • Sickle-cell disease
  • Thalassemia
  • Methemoglobinemia
• Anemias (lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin)
  • Iron deficiency anemia
  • Megaloblastic anemia
    • Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency
      • Pernicious anemia
    • Folate deficiency
  • Hemolytic anemias (destruction of red blood cells)
    • Genetic disorders of RBC membrane
      • Hereditary spherocytosis
      • Hereditary elliptocytosis
    • Genetic disorders of RBC metabolism
      • Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD)
      • Pyruvate kinase deficiency
    • Immune mediated hemolytic anaemia (direct Coombs test is positive)
      • Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
        • Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia
          • Idiopathic
          • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
          • Evans' syndrome (antiplatelet antibodies and haemolytic antibodies)
        • Cold antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia
          • Idiopathic cold hemagglutinin syndrome
          • Infectious mononucleosis
          • Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (rare)
      • Alloimmune hemolytic anemia
        • Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)
          • Rh disease (Rh D)
          • ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn
          • Anti-Kell hemolytic disease of the newborn
          • Rhesus c hemolytic disease of the newborn
          • Rhesus E hemolytic disease of the newborn
          • Other blood group incompatibility (RhC, Rhe, Kid, Duffy, MN, P and others)
      • Drug induced immune mediated hemolytic anaemia
        • Penicillin (high dose)
        • Methyldopa
    • Hemoglobinopathies (where these is an unstable or crystalline hemoglobin)
    • Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (rare acquired clonal disorder of red blood cell surface proteins)
    • Direct physical damage to RBCs
      • Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
      • Secondary to artificial heart valve(s)
  • Aplastic anemia
    • Fanconi anemia
    • Diamond-Blackfan anemia
    • Acquired pure red cell aplasia
• Decreased numbers of cells
  • Myelodysplastic syndrome
  • Myelofibrosis
  • Neutropenia (decrease in the number of neutrophils)
  • Agranulocytosis
  • Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
  • Thrombocytopenia (decrease in the number of platelets)
    • Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
    • Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
    • Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
• Myeloproliferative disorders (Increased numbers of cells)
  • Polycythemia vera (increase in the number of cells in general)
  • Leukocytosis (increase in the number of white blood cells)
  • Thrombocytosis (increase in the number of platelets)
  • Myeloproliferative disorder
• Hematological malignancies
  • Lymphomas
    • Hodgkin's disease
    • Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma{includes the next eight entries}
    • Burkitt's lymphoma
    • Anaplastic large cell lymphoma
    • Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
    • Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma
    • Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AILT)
  • Myelomas
    • Multiple myeloma
    • Waldenström macroglobulinemia
  • Plasmacytoma
  • Leukemias
    • Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
    • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL){now included in theCLL/SCLL type NHL}
    • Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
    • Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
    • T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL)
    • B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL)
    • Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL)
    • Hairy cell leukemia (HCL)
    • T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia (T-LGL)
    • Aggressive NK-cell leukemia
• Coagulopathies (disorders of bleeding and coagulation)
  • Thrombocytosis
  • Recurrent thrombosis
  • Disseminated intravascular coagulation
  • Disorders of clotting proteins
    • Hemophilia
      • Hemophilia A
      • Hemophilia B (also known as Christmas disease)
      • Hemophilia C
    • Von Willebrand disease
    • Disseminated intravascular coagulation
    • Protein S deficiency
    • Antiphospholipid syndrome
  • Disorders of platelets
    • Thrombocytopenia
    • Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
    • Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Miscellaneous
  • Haemochromatosis
  • Asplenia
  • Hypersplenism
    • Gauchers disease
  • Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
• Hematological changes secondary to non-hematological disorders
  • Anemia of chronic disease
  • Infectious mononucleosis
  • AIDS
  • Malaria
  • Leishmaniasis

Hemoglobinopathy is a kind of genetic defect that results in abnormal structure of one of the globin chains of the hemoglobin molecule. ... Structure of hemoglobin. ... Sickle-cell disease is a group of genetic disorders caused by sickle hemoglobin (Hgb S or Hb S). ... Thalassemia (British spelling, thalassaemia) is an inherited autosomal recessive blood disease. ... Methemoglobinemia, also known as met-Hb, is a disorder characterized by the presence of a higher than normal level of methemoglobin in the blood. ... This article discusses the medical condition. ... Human red blood cells Red blood cells are the most common type of blood cell and are the vertebrate bodys principal means of delivering oxygen to body tissues via the blood. ... Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia, and the most common cause of microcytic anemia. ... Megaloblastic anemia is an anemia (of macrocytic classification) which results from a deficiency of vitamin B12 and folic acid. ... Cobalamin or vitamin B12 is a chemical compound that is also known as cyanocobalamine. ... Pernicious anemia (also known as Biermers anaemia or Addisons anaemia or Addison-Biermer anaemia) is a form of megaloblastic anaemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency dependent on impaired absorption of vitamin B12 in the setting of atrophic gastritis, and more specifically of loss of gastric parietal cells. ... Folic acid (the anion form is called folate) is a B-complex vitamin (once called vitamin M) that is important in preventing neural tube defects (NTDs) in the developing human fetus. ... Hemolytic anemia is anemia due to hemolysis, the abnormal breakdown of red blood cells either in the blood vessels (intravascular hemolysis) or elsewhere in the body (extravascular). ... Human red blood cells Red blood cells are the most common type of blood cell and are the vertebrate bodys principal means of delivering oxygen to body tissues via the blood. ... Hereditary spherocytosis is a genetic disorder of the red blood cells that makes them prone to hemolysis. ... Hereditary elliptocytosis is a blood disorder in which 50-90% of the red blood cells consist of rod forms and elliptocytes (that is, elliptical erythrocytes); often associated with a hemolytic anemia. ... Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked recessive hereditary disease featuring nonimmune hemolytic anemia in response to a number of causes. ... Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder which affects the survival of red blood cells, causing them to break down easily. ... Coombs test (also known as Coombs test, antiglobulin test or AGT) refers to two clinical blood tests used in [[immunohematology] and immunology. ... Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is one type of hemolytic anemias caused by excessive hemolyisis and it is identified by auto-antibodies that react with RBCs. ... Warm Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) is the most common of the autoimmune hemolytic diseases. ... Evans Syndrome is an autoimmune disease in which an individuals antibodies attack their own RBCs as well as their platelets. ... Cold agglutination - at body temperature, the antibodies do not attach to the red blood cells. ... Idiopathic cold hemagglutinin syndrome (CHAD) is a disease of humans. ... An autoimmune disease like paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). ... ... Hemolytic disease of the newborn, also known as HDN, is an alloimmune condition that develops in a fetus, when the IgG antibodies that have been produced by the mother and have passed through the placenta include ones which attack the red blood cells in the fetal circulation. ... Rh disease (also known as Rh (D) disease, Rhesus disease, RhD Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn, Rhesus D Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn or RhD HDN) is one of the causes of hemolytic disease of the newborn (also known as HDN). ... ABO blood group incompatibility and sensitisation is one cause of hemolytic disease of the newborn. ... Hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-Kell1) is the second most common cause of severe hemolytic diseases of newborns (HDN) after Rh disease. ... Hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-Rhc) can range from a mild to a severe disease. ... Hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-RhE) is caused by the anti-RhE antibody of the Rhesus blood group system. ... For the Japanese rock band, see Penicillin (band). ... Methyldopa or alpha-methyldopa (brand names Aldomet, Apo-Methyldopa, Dopamet, Novomedopa) is a centrally-acting antiadrenergic antihypertensive medication. ... Hemoglobinopathy is a kind of genetic defect that results in abnormal structure of one of the globin chains of the hemoglobin molecule. ... Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare acquired life-threatening disease of the blood characterised by hemolytic anemia, thrombosis and red urine due to breakdown of red blood cells. ... In medicine (hematology) microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) is a subgroup of hemolytic anemia (anemia, loss of red blood cells through destruction) caused by factors in the small blood vessels. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Heart valve prosthesis. ... Aplastic anemia is a condition where bone marrow does not produce sufficient new cells to replenish blood cells. ... Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetic disease that affects children and adults from all ethnic backgrounds. ... Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a congenital erythroid aplasia that usually presents in infancy. ... Acquired pure red cell aplasia (or PRCA) refers to a type of anemia affecting the precursors to red blood cells but not to white blood cells. ... Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia, also known as agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis, and primary myelofibrosis,[1] was first described in 1879 and is currently classified as a myeloproliferative disease caused by the growth and proliferation of an abnormal bone marrow stem cell, resulting in the replacement of the bone... Neutropenia (or neutropaenia, adjective neutrop(a)enic) is a hematological disorder characterized by an abnormally low number of neutrophil granulocytes (a type of white blood cell). ... Neutrophil granulocytes (commonly referred to as neutrophils) are a class of white blood cells and are part of the immune system. ... Glanzmanns thrombasthenia is an extremely rare, autosomal recessive disorder of the blood, in which the platelets lack GPIIb/IIIa. ... Thrombocytopenia (or -paenia, or thrombopenia in short) is the presence of relatively few platelets in blood. ... A 250 ml bag of newly collected platelets. ... Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is the condition of having a low platelet count (thrombocytopenia) of no known cause (idiopathic). ... Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP or Moschcowitz disease) is a rare disorder of the blood coagulation system. ... Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) with or without thrombosis (HITT) is thrombocytopenia (low platelet counts) due to the administration of heparin. ... The myeloproliferative disorders are relatively rare hematologic malignancies which include: Polycythemia vera (PV), Essential thrombocythemia (ET), Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM), Idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF) Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). ... Primary polycythemia, often called polycythemia vera (PCV), polycythemia rubra vera (PRV), or erythremia, occurs when excess red blood cells are produced as a result of an abnormality of the bone marrow. ... Leukocytosis is an elevation of the white blood cell count (the leukocyte count) above the normal range. ... White Blood Cells is also the name of a White Stripes album. ... Thrombocytosis is the presence of high platelet counts in the blood, and can be either reactive or primary (also termed essential and caused by a myeloproliferative disease). ... A 250 ml bag of newly collected platelets. ... The myeloproliferative disorders are relatively rare hematologic malignancies which include: Polycythemia vera (PV), Essential thrombocythemia (ET), Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM), Idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF) Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). ... Although hematological malignancies are a form of cancer, they are generally treated by specialists in hematology, although in many hospitals oncology specialists also manage these diseases. ... This article is about lymphoma in humans. ... Non-Hodgkins lymphoma is a type of cancer. ... Burkitts lymphoma (or Burkitts tumor, or Malignant lymphoma, Burkitts type) is a cancer of the lymphatic system (in particular, B lymphocytes). ... Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a type of non_Hodgkin lymphoma that features in the World Health Organisation (WHO) classification of lymphomas. ... Splenic marginal zone lymphoma is an indolent lymphoma recognized by the World Health Organization. ... // Hepatosplenic γδ T-cell lymphoma[1] 9716/3[1] Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma is a systemic neoplasm comprised of medium-sized cytotoxic T-cells that show a significant sinusoidal infiltration in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. ... Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AILT) is a mature T-cell lymphoma with systemic characterized by a polymorphous lymph node infiltrate showing a marked increase in follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) and high endothelial venules (HEVs) and systemic involvement. ... Multiple myeloma (also known simply as myeloma or plasma cell myeloma) is a hematological malignancy of plasma cells, the cells of the immune system that produce antibodies. ... Multiple myeloma (also known as MM, myeloma, plasma cell myeloma, or as Kahlers disease after Otto Kahler) is a type of cancer of plasma cells which are immune system cells in bone marrow that produce antibodies. ... Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is cancer involving a subtype of white blood cells called lymphocytes. ... Plasmacytoma refers to a malignant monoclonal plasma cell tumor growing either in bone or soft tissue. ... Leukemia or lekemia (Greek leukos, “white”; haima, “blood”) (see spelling differences) is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow and is characterized by an abnormal proliferation (production by multiplication) of blood cells, usually white blood cells (leukocytes). ... Acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL), also known as acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is a cancer of the white blood cells, characterised by the overproduction and continuous multiplication of malignant and immature white blood cells (referred to as lymphoblasts) in the bone marrow. ... Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (also known as chronic lymphoid leukemia or CLL), is a type of leukemia, or cancer of the white blood cells (lymphocytes). ... Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), also known as acute myeloid leukemia, is a cancer of the myeloid line of blood cells. ... Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a form of chronic leukemia characterized by increased and unregulated clonal production of predominantly myeloid cells in the bone marrow. ... T-cell-prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a mature T-cell leukemia with aggressive behavior and predilection for blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and skin involvement. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Leukemia. ... Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) is a rare myeloproliferative disorder that features a persistent neutrophilia in peripheral blood, myeloid hyperplasia in bone marrow, hepatosplenomegaly, and the absence of the Philadelphia chromosome or a BCR/ABL fusion gene. ... Hairy cell leukemia is a B cell neoplasm. ... // Proliferation of large granular lymphocytes (LGLs), LGL leukemia, Tγ-lymphoproliferative disorder, T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia[1] 9831/3[1] T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia is a disease that exhibits a unexplained, chronic (> 6 months) elevation in large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) in the peripheral blood. ... // Aggressive NK-cell leukemia/lymphoma, large granular lymphocyte leukemia, NK-cell type[1] 9948/3[1] Aggressive NK-cell leukemia is a disease with an aggressive, systemic proliferation of natural killer cells (NK cells) and a rapidly declining clinical course. ... This page is a candidate to be moved to Wiktionary. ... For other uses, see Bleeding (disambiguation). ... This article is about the clotting of blood. ... Thrombocytosis is the presence of high platelet counts in the blood, and can be either reactive or primary (also termed essential and caused by a myeloproliferative disease). ... Thrombosis is the formation of a clot or thrombus inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. ... Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a pathological process in the body where the blood starts to coagulate throughout the whole body. ... Haemophilia or hemophilia is the name of any of several hereditary genetic illnesses that impair the bodys ability to control bleeding. ... Haemophilia A (also spelt Hemophilia A or Hæmophilia A) is a blood clotting disorder caused by a mutation of the Factor VIII gene, leading to a deficiency in Factor VIII. It is the most common hemophilia. ... Haemophilia B (also spelled Hemophilia B or Hæmophilia B) is a blood clotting disorder caused by a mutation of the Factor IX gene. ... Haemophilia B (also spelled Hemophilia B or Hæmophilia B) is a blood clotting disorder caused by a mutation of the Factor IX gene. ... A mild form of hemophilia that mainly occurs in Jews of Ashkenazi descent. ... Von Willebrand disease (vWD) is the most common hereditary coagulation abnormality described in humans, although it can also be acquired as a result of other medical conditions. ... Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a pathological process in the body where the blood starts to coagulate throughout the whole body. ... Protein S deficiency is a disorder associated with increased risk of thrombosis. ... This article, image, template or category should belong in one or more categories. ... A 250 ml bag of newly collected platelets. ... Thrombocytopenia (or -paenia, or thrombopenia in short) is the presence of relatively few platelets in blood. ... Glanzmanns thrombasthenia is an extremely rare, autosomal recessive disorder of the blood, in which the platelets lack GPIIb/IIIa. ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare X-linked recessive disease characterized by eczema, thrombocytopenia (low platelet counts), immune deficiency, and bloody diarrhea (due to the low platelet counts). ... Haemochromatosis, also spelled hemochromatosis, is a hereditary disease characterized by improper dietary iron metabolism (making it an iron overload disorder), which causes the accumulation of iron in a number of body tissues. ... Asplenia refers to the absence (a-) of normal spleen function and is associated with some risks. ... Splenomegaly is an enlargement of the spleen, which usually lies in the left upper quadrant (LUQ) of the human abdomen. ... In medicine (hematology), Gauchers disease (or Gaucher disease) is a genetic disorder that affects white blood cells, the spleen, bones and brain. ... Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS, unknown or uncertain may be substituted for undertermined) is a condition in which a low or non-quantifiable level of a monoclonal paraprotein is detected in the blood by means of protein electrophoresis. ... Anemia of Chronic Disease - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... For other uses, see AIDS (disambiguation). ... Malaria is a vector-borne infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites. ...

Tests

Tests used in the investigation of hematological problems include:

• Full blood count
• Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
• Blood film
• Bone marrow examination
• Coombs test
• Diascopy
• serum Ferritin level
• Vitamin B12 and Folate levels
• Prothrombin time
• Partial thromboplastin time
• Protein electrophoresis
• Hemoglobin electrophoresis
• D-dimer

A full blood count (FBC) or complete blood count (CBC) is a test requested by a doctor or other medical professional that gives information about the cells in a patients blood. ... The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), also called a sedimentation rate, sed rate or Biernacki Reaction, is a non-specific measure of inflammation that is commonly used as a medical screening test. ... Blood films, Giemsa stained A blood film or peripheral blood smear is a slide made from a drop of blood, that allows the cells to be examined. ... A bone marrow biopsy is a medical procedure used as part of a test in the diagnosis of several conditions including leukemia. ... Coombs test (also known as Coombs test, antiglobulin test or AGT) refers to two clinical blood tests used in [[immunohematology] and immunology. ... Diascopy is a medical procedure used to differentiate between certain types of hematologic lesions. ... Ferritin is a globular protein found mainly in the liver, which can store about 4500 iron (Fe3+)ions in a hollow protein shell made of 24 subunits. ... Cobalamin or vitamin B12 is a chemical compound that is also known as cyanocobalamine. ... Folic acid (the anion form is called folate) is a B-complex vitamin (once called vitamin M) that is important in preventing neural tube defects (NTDs) in the developing human fetus. ... The prothrombin time (PT) and its derived measures of prothrombin ratio (PR) and international normalized ratio (INR) are measures of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. ... The partial thromboplastin time (PTT) or activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT or APTT) is a performance indicator measuring the efficacy of both the intrinsic and the common coagulation pathways. ... Schematic representation of a protein electrophoresis gel In chemistry and medicine, protein electrophoresis is a method of analysing a mixture of proteins by means of gel electrophoresis, mainly in blood serum (blood plasma is not suitable). ... Hemoglobin electrophoresis is a test that measures the different types of hemoglobin in the blood. ... D-dimer is a blood test performed in the medical laboratory to diagnose thrombosis. ...

Treatments

Treatments include:

• Diet advice
• Oral medication - tablets or liquid medicines
• Anticoagulation therapy
• Intramuscular injections (for example, Vitamin B12 injections)
• Blood transfusion (for anemia)
• Venesection (for iron overload or polycythemia)
• Bone marrow transplant (for example, for leukemia)
• Chemotherapy (for example, for leukemia)
• Radiotherapy (in decline, for example, for leukemia)

Measuring body weight on a scale Dieting is the practice of ingesting food in a regulated fashion to achieve a particular objective. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... An anticoagulant is a substance that prevents coagulation; that is, it stops blood from clotting. ... Cobalamin or vitamin B12 is a chemical compound that is also known as cyanocobalamine. ... Blood transfusion is the process of transferring blood or blood-based products from one person into the circulatory system of another. ... This article discusses the medical condition. ... Venipuncture (also known as phlebotomy or simply bleeding) is the process of obtaining blood from someone, from one of their veins. ... Haemochromatosis, also spelled hemochromatosis, is a hereditary disease characterized by improper processing by the body of dietary iron which causes iron to accumulate in a number of body tissues, eventually causing organ dysfunction. ... Polycythemia is a condition in which there is a net increase in the total number of red blood cells in the body. ... Bone marrow transplantation or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a medical procedure in the field of hematology and oncology that involves transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). ... Leukemia or lekemia (Greek leukos, “white”; haima, “blood”) (see spelling differences) is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow and is characterized by an abnormal proliferation (production by multiplication) of blood cells, usually white blood cells (leukocytes). ... Chemotherapy is the use of chemical substances to treat disease. ... Leukemia or lekemia (Greek leukos, “white”; haima, “blood”) (see spelling differences) is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow and is characterized by an abnormal proliferation (production by multiplication) of blood cells, usually white blood cells (leukocytes). ... Radiation therapy (or radiotherapy) is the medical use of ionizing radiation as part of cancer treatment to control malignant cells (not to be confused with radiology, the use of radiation in medical imaging and diagnosis). ... Leukemia or lekemia (Greek leukos, “white”; haima, “blood”) (see spelling differences) is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow and is characterized by an abnormal proliferation (production by multiplication) of blood cells, usually white blood cells (leukocytes). ...

Alphabetical lists

• Hematologists
• Blood disorders
• Hematology topics

External links

• American Society of Hematology
• BloodLine
• Major milestones in history of hematology (PDF)
• Multilingual index
• Extensive Hematology Slide Collection