Henry A. Murray (b. 1893 in New York City d. June 23, 1988) was an American psychologist who taught for over 30 years at Harvard. He was founder of the Boston Psychoanalytic Society and developed a theory of personality based on "need" and "press". He also is developer of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) which is widely used by psychologists. 1893 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... June 23 is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 191 days remaining. ... 1988 is a leap year starting on a Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A psychologist is a social scientist who studies psychology, the study of the human mind, thought and human behaviour. ... Harvard, see Harvard (disambiguation) Harvard University is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and a member of the Ivy League. ... It has been suggested that Personality psychology be merged into this article or section. ... The Thematic Apperception Test or TAT is a psychological test developed by the American psychologist Henry A. Murray. ...

Studies

Henry Murray was born at New York in a wealthy family, with an older sister and a younger brother. At Harvard, he majored in history with a poor performance, but compensated with football, rowing and boxing. At Columbia College he did much better in medicine and completed M.D. and made as well an M.A. in biology 1919. For the next two years he was an instructor in physiology at Harvard and 1927 he received his doctorate degree in biochemistry at Cambridge. While at Cambridge, he met Carl Gustav Jung in Switzerland whom he described as "The first full blooded, spherical - and Goethian, I would say, intelligence I had ever met." He was analyzed by him and studied his works. ... Football is the name given to a number of different team sports. ... Rowing refers to several forms of physical activity: For rowing boats in general, see Watercraft rowing. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Medicine on the Web NLM (National Library of Medicine, contains resources for patients and healthcare professionals) Virtual Hospital (digital health sciences library by the University of Iowa) Online Medical Dictionary Collection of links to free medical resources Categories: Medicine | Health ... Main articles: Life All organisms (viruses not included) consist of cells, which in turn, are based on a common carbon-based biochemistry. ... Biochemistry is the chemistry of life, a bridge between biology and chemistry that studies how complex chemical reactions give rise to life. ... Carl Gustav Jung Carl Gustav Jung (July 26, 1875 – June 6, 1961) was a Swiss psychiatrist and founder of the neopsychoanalytic school of psychology. ...

Professional career

1927, at the age of 33, he became assistant director of the Harvard Psychological Clinic and 10 years later its director. in 1938 he published "Explorations in Personality" now a classic in psychology, where also the Thematic Apperception Test was described.

1943 he left Harvard and worked as lieutenant colonel for the Office of Strategic Services (OSS). Murray was interested in psychoanalysis and used his theories in the selection of OSS agents. In the U.S. Army, Air Force and Marine Corps, a lieutenant colonel is a commissioned officer superior to a major and inferior to a colonel. ... The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was a United States intelligence agency formed during World War II. It was the wartime (but not direct) precursor to the Central Intelligence Agency. ...

Having returned to Harvard 1947, he lectured and established with others the Psychological Clinic Annex. Murray was a chief researcher at Harvard. Harvard, see Harvard (disambiguation) Harvard University is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and a member of the Ivy League. ...

Alston Chase's book "Harvard and the Unabomber: The Education of an American Terrorist" tells of psychological experiments which Theodore Kaczynski had said he had undergone at Harvard under Henry Murray, and connects these experiences in a controversial thesis to his later career as Unabomber. Theodore Kaczynski Theodore John Kaczynski, Ph. ...

When he became emeritus professor at Harvard, he earned the Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award from the American Psychological Association Gold Medal Award for lifetime achievement from the American Psychological Foundation.

Murray died at the age of 95 from pneumonia.

Works

• Murray, H. A. (1940). What should psychologists do about psychoanalysis? Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 35, 150–175.
• OSS Assessment Staff. (1948). Assessment of men: Selection of personnel for the Office of Strategic Service. New York: Rinehart.

References

• Test Developer Profiles: Henry A. Murray, M.D., Ph.D.
• TAT Research
• E. S. Shneidman, ed., Selections from the Personology of Henry A. Murray (1981).
• Sandra K. Webster: Henry Murray
• Alston Chase: "Harvard and the Unabomber: The Education of an American Terrorist", 2003, ISBN 0393020029