Henry Chicheley (also Checheley or Chichele) (c. 1364 – April 12, 1443), English archbishop, founder of All Souls College, Oxford, was born at Higham Ferrers, Northamptonshire, in 1363 or 1364. Chicheley told the pope, in 1443, in asking leave to retire from the archbishopric, that he was in his eightieth year. Centuries: 13th century - 14th century - 15th century Decades: 1310s 1320s 1330s 1340s 1350s - 1360s - 1370s 1380s 1390s 1400s 1410s Years: 1359 1360 1361 1362 1363 - 1364 - 1365 1366 1367 1368 1369 See also: 1364 state leaders Events Foundation of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków The Breton War of Succession... Jump to: navigation, search April 12 is the 102nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (103rd in leap years). ... Events Albanians, under Skanderbeg, defeat the Turks John Hunyadi defeats Turks at the Battle of Nis Vlad II Dracul begins his second term as ruler of Wallachia, succeeding Basarab II. Births January 27 - Albert, Duke of Saxony (died 1500) February 23 - Matthias Corvinus of Hungary (died 1490) May 17 - Edmund... Arms of the see of Canterbury The Archbishop of Canterbury is the senior clergyman of the established Church of England and symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion. ... All Souls College (in full: The College of All Souls of the Faithful Departed, of Oxford) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. ... Higham Ferrers is an old town in Northamptonshire, adjacent to (and forming a single urban area with) Rushden to the west. ... Northamptonshire (abbreviated Northants or Nhants) is a landlocked county in central England with a population of 629,676 (2001 census). ... Eugenius IV, né Gabriele Condulmer (1383 – February 23, 1447) was pope from March 3, 1431 to his death. ... Events Albanians, under Skanderbeg, defeat the Turks John Hunyadi defeats Turks at the Battle of Nis Vlad II Dracul begins his second term as ruler of Wallachia, succeeding Basarab II. Births January 27 - Albert, Duke of Saxony (died 1500) February 23 - Matthias Corvinus of Hungary (died 1490) May 17 - Edmund...

He was the third and youngest son of Thomas Chicheley, who appears in 1368 in still extant town records of Higham Ferrers as a suitor in the mayor's court, and in 1381-1382, and again in 1384-1385, was mayor: in fact, for a dozen years he and Henry Barton, school master of Higham Ferrers grammar school, and one Richard Brabazon, filled the mayoralty in turns. Higham Ferrers is an old town in Northamptonshire, adjacent to (and forming a single urban area with) Rushden to the west. ... A mayor (from the Latin maīor, meaning larger,greater) is the politician who serves as chief executive official of some types of municipalities. ...

His occupation does not appear; but his eldest son, William, is on the earliest extant list (1383) of the Grocers' Company, London. On June 9, 1405 Chicheley was admitted, in succession to his father, to a burgage in Higham Ferrers. His mother, Agnes Pincheon, is said to have been of gentle birth. There is therefore no foundation in fact for the account (copied into the Dict. Nat. Biog. from a local historian, J Cole, Wellingborough, 1838) that Henry Chicheley, as a poor ploughboy "eating his scanty meal off his mother's lap", was picked up by William of Wykeham. Certainly this story was unknown to Arthur Duck, Fellow of All Souls, who wrote Chicheley's life in 1617. Rather it would appear to be an oft-employed method of illustrating the rise of a successful individual, thus perpetuating their historical importance. Similar instances of this are evident in the recounting of the lives of Dick Whittington, Wolsey and Gresham. Jump to: navigation, search The Worshipful Company of Grocers is one of the Livery Companies of the City of London. ... London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and of England. ... Jump to: navigation, search June 9 is the 160th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (161st in leap years), with 205 days remaining. ... Events May 29 - Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmoreland, meets Archbishop Richard Scrope of York and Earl of Norfolk Thomas Mowbray in Shipton Moor, tricks them to send their rebellious army home and then imprisons them June 8 - Archbishop Richard Scrope of York and Thomas Mowbray, Earl of Norfolk, executed in... The Dictionary of National Biography (or DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history. ... William of Wykeham (1320–September 27, 1404), Bishop of Winchester, Chancellor of England, founder of Winchester College and of New College, Oxford, and builder of a large part of Windsor Castle, was born in Wickham, Hampshire. ... A fellow in the broadest sense is someone who is an equal or a comrade. ... Richard Whittington, medieval merchant and politician, was the real-life inspiration for the pantomime character, Dick Whittington. ... Cardinal Thomas Wolsey (c. ... Sir Thomas Gresham (~1519 - 21 November 1579) was an English merchant and financier who worked for King Edward VI of England and for Edwards half-sister Queen Elizabeth I of England. ...

The first recorded appearance of Henry Chicheley himself is at New College, Oxford, as Checheley, eighth among the undergraduate fellows, in July 1387, in the earliest extant hall-book, which contains weekly lists of those dining in Hall. It is clear from Chicheley's position in the list, with eleven fellows and eight scholars, or probationer fellows, below him, that this entry does not mark his first appearance in the college, which had been going on since 1375 at least, and was chartered in 1379. He must have come from Winchester College in one of the earliest batches of scholars from that college, the sole feeder of New College, not from St John Baptist College, Winchester, as guessed by Dr William Hunt in the Dict. Nat. Biog. (and repeated in Mr Grant Robertson's History of All Souls College) to cover the mistaken supposition that St Mary's College was not founded till 1393. St Mary's College was in fact formally founded in 1382, and the school had been going on since 1373 (AF Leach, History of Winchester College), while no such college as St John's College at Winchester ever existed. College name New College Named after Blessed Virgin Mary Established 1379 Sister College Kings College Warden Prof. ... Events June 2 - John Holland, a maternal half-brother of Richard II of England, is created Earl of Huntingdon. ... Winchester College is a public school in the city of Winchester in Hampshire, in the south of England. ... Events Ottoman Turks occupy Veliko Turnovo in north-central Bulgaria. ... St Johns College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. ...

Chicheley appears in the Hall-books of New College up to the year 1392/93, when he was a B.A. and was absent for ten weeks from about December 6 to March 6, presumably for the purpose of his ordination as a sub-deacon, which was performed by the bishop of Derry, acting as suffragan to the bishop of London. He was then already beneficed, receiving a royal ratification of his estate as parson of Llanvarchell in the diocese of St Asaph on March 20, 1391/92 (Cat. Pat. Rolls). In the Hall-book, marked 1393/94, but really for 1394/95, Chicheley's name does not appear. He had then left Oxford and gone up to London to practise as an advocate in the principal ecclesiastical court, the Court of Arches. His rise was rapid. Already on February 8 1395/96 he was,on a commission with several knights and clerks to hear an appeal in a case of John Molton, Esquire v. John Shawe, citizen of London, from Sir John Cheyne. kt., sitting for the constable of England in a court of chivalry. Jump to: navigation, search December 6 is the 340th day (341st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Jump to: navigation, search March 6 is the 65th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (66th in Leap years). ... Jump to: navigation, search Arms of the Bishop of London The Bishop of London is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of London in the Province of Canterbury. ... March 20 is the 79th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (80th in Leap years). ... The Arches Court, presided over by the Dean of Arches is an ecclesiastical court of the Church of England covering the Province of Canterbury. ... Jump to: navigation, search February 8 is the 39th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Jump to: navigation, search See also order of chivalry Woman under the Safeguard of Knighthood, allegorical Scene. ...

Like other ecclesiastical lawyers and civil servants of the day; he was paid with ecclesiastical preferments. On April 13, 1396 he obtained ratification of the parsonage of St Stephens, Walbrook, presented on March 30 by the abbot of Colchester, no doubt through his brother Robert, who restored the church and increased its endowment. In 1397 he was made archdeacon of Dorset by Richard Mitford, bishop of Salisbury, but litigation. was still going on about it in the papal court until June 27, 1399, when the pope extinguished the suit, imposing perpetual silence on Nicholas Bubwith, master of the rolls, his opponent. In the first year of Henry IV Chicheley was parson of Sherston, Wiltshire, and prebendary of Nantgwyly in the college of Abergwilly, Wales; on February 23, 1401/2, now called doctor of laws, he was pardoned for bringing in, and allowed to use, a bull of the pope providing him to the chancellorship of Salisbury Cathedral, and canonries in the nuns' churches of Shaftesbury and Wilton in that diocese; and on January 9, 1402/3 he was archdeacon of Salisbury. Jump to: navigation, search April 13 is the 103rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (104th in leap years). ... Events September 25 - Bayezid I defeats Sigismund of Hungary and John of Nevers at the Battle of Nicopolis. ... Jump to: navigation, search March 30 is the 89th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (90th in Leap years). ... Colchester town centre Colchester is an historic town in the north of the English county of Essex, with a population of about 160,000. ... Events February 10 - John Beaufort becomes Earl of Somerset. ... Arms of the Bishop of Salisbury The Bishop of Salisbury is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Salisbury in the Province of Canterbury. ... Jump to: navigation, search June 27 is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 187 days remaining. ... Events September 30 - Accession of Henry IV of England October 13 - Coronation of Henry IV of England November 1 - Accession of John VI, Duke of Brittany Births William Canynge, English merchant (approximate date; died 1474) Zara Yaqob, Emperor of Ethiopia (died 1468) Deaths January 4 - Nicolas Eymeric, Spanish theologian and... Henry IV (April 3, 1367 – March 20, 1413) was born at boilingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire, -=hence the other name by which he was known, Henry of boilingbroke. His father, John of Gaunt was the third and oldest surviving son of King Edward III of England, and enjoyed a position of... Sherston may refer to: Sherston, a village in the county of Wiltshire, England. ... Wiltshire (abbreviated Wilts) is a large southern English county. ... A prebendary is a post connected to a cathedral or collegiate church and is a type of canon. ... Abergwili is a village in Carmarthenshire, Wales, lying on the River Tywi. ... Jump to: navigation, search National motto: Cymru am byth (Welsh: Wales for ever) Waless location within the UK Official languages English, Welsh Capital Cardiff Largest city Cardiff First Minister Rhodri Morgan Area  - Total Ranked 3rd UK 20,779 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 3rd UK 2,903,085... February 23 is the 54th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Salisbury Cathedral in the early morning light. ... Pope Pius XI blesses Bishop Stephen Alencastre as fifth Apostolic Vicar of the Hawaiian Islands in a Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace window. ... Jump to: navigation, search January 9 is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

This year his brother Robert was senior sheriff of London. On May 7, 1404, Pope Boniface IX provided him to a prebend at Lincoln, notwithstanding he already held prebends at Salisbury, Lichfield, St Martins-le-Grand and Abergwyly, and the living of Brington. On January 9, 1405 he found time to attend a court at Higham Ferrers and be admitted to a burgage there. In July 1405 Chicheley began a diplomatic career by a mission to the new Roman Pope Innocent VII, who was professing his desire to end the schism in the papacy by resignation, if his French rival at Avignon would do likewise. Next year, on October 5, 1406, he was sent with Sir John Cheyne to Paris to arrange a lasting peace and the marriage of Prince Henry with the French princess Marie, which was frustrated by her becoming a nun at Poissy next year. London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and of England. ... Jump to: navigation, search May 7 is the 127th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (128th in leap years). ... Events June 14 - Owain Glyndwr of Wales allies with the French against the English and the Henry of Lancaster. ... Boniface IX, né Piero Tomacelli (1356 – October 1, 1404), was the second Roman pope of the Western Schism, (November 2, 1389 - October 1, 1404). ... Lincoln (pronounced Lin-kun) is a cathedral city and county town of Lincolnshire, England, a bridging point over the River Witham that flows to Boston. ... Salisbury Cathedral from the Cathedral Yard High Street Market Great West Front of Salisbury Cathedral Salisbury (pronounced Solsbree or Sauls-bree) is a small cathedral city in Wiltshire, England. ... Lichfield Cathedral June 2005 Lichfield is a small city in Staffordshire, 110 miles northwest of London and 14 miles north of Birmingham. ... Brington is a village in the Daventry district of the county of Northamptonshire in England. ... Jump to: navigation, search January 9 is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events May 29 - Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmoreland, meets Archbishop Richard Scrope of York and Earl of Norfolk Thomas Mowbray in Shipton Moor, tricks them to send their rebellious army home and then imprisons them June 8 - Archbishop Richard Scrope of York and Thomas Mowbray, Earl of Norfolk, executed in... Events May 29 - Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmoreland, meets Archbishop Richard Scrope of York and Earl of Norfolk Thomas Mowbray in Shipton Moor, tricks them to send their rebellious army home and then imprisons them June 8 - Archbishop Richard Scrope of York and Thomas Mowbray, Earl of Norfolk, executed in... Innocent VII, né Cosimo de Migliorati (ca. ... The word schism, from the Greek σχισμα, schisma (from σχιζω, schizo, to split), means a division or a split, usually in an organization. ... Coat of arms of Avignon Avignon (pronounced in IPA, Provençal: Avignoun) is a commune in southern France with some 88,300 inhabitants in the city itself and 155,500 in the Greater Avignon area. ... Jump to: navigation, search October 5 is the 278th day of the year (279th in Leap years). ... Events Construction of Forbidden City begins in Beijing. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... Poissy is a commune of the Yvelines département in France, located 20km from Paris, with a population (1999) of 36,000. ...

In 1406 renewed efforts were made to stop the schism, and Chicheley was one of the envoys sent to the new Pope Gregory XII. Here he utilized his opportunities. On August 31, 1407 Guy Mone (he is always so spelt and not Mohun, and was probably from one of the Hampshire Meons; there was a John Mone of Havant admitted a Winchester scholar in 1397), bishop of St David's, died, and on October 12, 1407 Chicheley was by the pope provided to the bishopric of St David's. Another bull the same day gave him the right to hold all his benfices with the bishopric. Events Construction of Forbidden City begins in Beijing. ... Gregory XII, né Angelo Correr or Corraro (died October 18, 1417), pope from 1406 to 1415, succeeded Innocent VII on November 30, 1406, having been chosen at Rome by a conclave consisting of only fifteen cardinals, under the express condition that, should Benedict XIII, the rival pope at Avignon, renounce... Jump to: navigation, search August 31 is the 243rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (244th in leap years), with 122 days remaining, as the final day of August. ... Events November 20 - A solemn truce between John, Duke of Burgundy and Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans is agreed under the auspicies of John, Duke of Berry. ... Jump to: navigation, search October 12 is the 285th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (286th in leap years). ... Events November 20 - A solemn truce between John, Duke of Burgundy and Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans is agreed under the auspicies of John, Duke of Berry. ...

At Siena in July 1408 he and Sir John Cheyne, as English envoys, were received by Gregory XII with special honor, and Bishop Repingdon of Lincoln, ex-Wyciffite, was one of the new batch of cardinals created on September 18, 1408, most of Gregory's cardinals having deserted him. These, together with Benedict's revolting cardinals, summoned a general council at Pisa. In November 1408 Chicheley was back at Westminster, when Henry IV received the cardinal archbishop of Bordeaux and determined to support the cardlinals at Pisa against both popes. In January 1409 Chicheley was named with Bishop Hallum of Salisbury and the prior of Canterbury to represent the Southern Convocation at the council, which opened on March 25 1409, arriving on April 24. Obedience was withdrawn from both the existing popes, and on June 26 a new pope elected instead of them. Jump to: navigation, search This page is about Siena, Italy. ... Events December 13 - The Order of the Dragon is officially formated under King Sigismund of Hungary. ... Wycliffe may also refer to Wycliffe Bible Translators John Wyclif (also Wycliffe or Wycliff) (c. ... Jump to: navigation, search September 18 is the 261st day of the year (262nd in leap years). ... Events December 13 - The Order of the Dragon is officially formated under King Sigismund of Hungary. ... Jump to: navigation, search Pisas coat of arms This article is about Pisa in Italy. ... Events December 13 - The Order of the Dragon is officially formated under King Sigismund of Hungary. ... Jump to: navigation, search March 25 is the 84th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (85th in leap years). ... Jump to: navigation, search April 24 is the 114th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (115th in leap years). ... Jump to: navigation, search June 26 is the 177th day of the year (178th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 188 days remaining. ...

Chicheley and the other envoys were received on their return as saviours of the world; though the result was summed up by a contemporary as trischism instead of schism, and the Church as giving three husbands instead of two. Chicheley now became the subject of a leading case, the court of kings bench deciding, after arguments reheard in three successive terms, that he could not hold his previous benefices with the bishopric, and that, spite of the maxim Papa potest omnia, a papal bull could not supersede the law of the land (Year-book ii. H. iv. 37, 59, 79). Accordingly he had to resign livings and canonries wholesale (April 28, 1410). As, however, he had obtained a bull (August 20, 1409) enabling him to appoint his successors to the vacated preferments, including his nephew William, though still an undergraduate and not in orders, to the chancellorship of Salisbury, and a prebend at Lichfield, he did not go empty away. In May 1410 he went again on an embassy to France; on September 11, 1411 he headed a mission to discuss Henry V's marriage with a daughter of the duke of Burgundy; and he was again there in November. Lichfield Cathedral June 2005 Lichfield is a small city in Staffordshire, 110 miles northwest of London and 14 miles north of Birmingham. ... Jump to: navigation, search September 11 is the 254th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (255th in leap years). ... The Duchy of Burgundy, today Bourgogne, has its origin in the small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Saone which in 843 was allotted to Charles the Balds kingdom of West Franks. ...

In the interval Chicheley found time to visit his diocese for the first time and be enthroned at St Davids on May 11, 1411. He was with the English force under the earl of Arundel which accompanied the duke of Burgundy to Paris in October 1411 and there defeated the Armagnacs, an exploit which revealed to England the weakness of the French. On November 30, 1411 Chicheley, with two other bishops and three earls and the prince of Wales, knelt to the king to receive public thanks for their administration. That he was in high favor with Henry V is shown by his being sent with the earl of Warwick to France in July 1413 to conclude peace. Immediately after the death of archbishop Arundel he was nominated by the king to the archbishopric, elected on March 4, translated by papal bull on April 28, and received the pall without going to Rome for it on July 24. Jump to: navigation, search May 11 is the 131st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (132nd in leap years). ... The oldest extant Earldom (and perhaps the oldest extant title) in the English peerage is the Earldom of Arundel currently held by the Duke of Norfolk, and used as a courtesy title by his heir. ... Jump to: navigation, search November 30 is the 334th day (335th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 31 days remaining, as the final day of November. ... The Earl of Warwick is one of the oldest English earldoms. ... Thomas Arundel (1353-1414) was Archbishop of Canterbury in 1397 and from 1399 until his death, an outspoken opponent of the Lollards. ... Jump to: navigation, search March 4 is the 63rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (64th in leap years). ... Papal bull of Pope Urban VIII, 1637, sealed with a leaden bulla. ... Jump to: navigation, search April 28 is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 247 days remaining. ... July 24 is the 205th day (206th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 160 days remaining. ...

These dates are important as they help to save Chicheley from the charge, versified by Shakespeare (Henry V. act 1. sc. 2) from Hall's Chronicle, of having tempted Henry V into the conquest of France for the sake of diverting parliament from the disendowment of the Church. There is no contemporary authority for the charge, which seems to appear first in Redman's rhetorical history of Henry V, written in 1540 with an eye to the political situation at that time, As a matter of fact, the parliament at Leicester, in which the speeches were supposed to have been made, began on April 30, 1414 before Chicheley was archbishop. The rolls of parliament show that he was not present in the parliament at all. Moreover parliament was so far from pressing disendowment that on the petition of the Commons it passed a savage act against the heresies commonly called Lollardry which aimed at the destruction of the king and all temporal estates, making Lollards felons and ordering every justice of the peace to hunt down their schools, conventicles, congregations and confederacies. Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Jump to: navigation, search Henry V is a play by William Shakespeare based on the life of King Henry V of England. ... Jump to: navigation, search Leicester (pronounced ) is a city in the English East Midlands, on the River Soar. ... April 30 is the 120th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (121st in leap years), with 245 days remaining, as the last day in April. ... Events Council of Constance begins. ... In some bicameral parliaments of a Westminster System, the House of Commons has historically been the name of the elected lower house. ... Lollardy or Lollardry was the political and religious movement of the Lollards in late 14th century and early 15th century England. ...

In his capacity of archbishop, Chicheley remained what he had always been chiefly, the lawyer and diplomatist. He was present at the siege of Rouen, and the king committed to him personally the negotiations for the surrender of the city in January 1419 and for the marriage of Katherine. He crowned Katherine at Westminster (20th February 1421), and on December 6 baptized her child Henry VI. He was of course a persecutor of heretics. No, one could have attained or kept the position of archbishop at the time without being so. So he presided at the trial of John Claydon, Skinner and citizen of London, who after five years imprisonment at various times had made public abjuration before the late archbishop, Arundel, but now was found in possession of a book in English called The Lanterne of Light, which contained the heinous heresy that the principal cause of the persecution of Christians was the illegal retention by priests of the goods of this world, and that archbishops and bishops were the special seats of antichrist. Jump to: navigation, search A lawyer is a person licensed by the state to advise clients in legal matters and represent them in courts of law and in other forms of dispute resolution. ... This page is about negotiations; for the board game, see Diplomacy (game). ... At the time of the Siege of Rouen (July 1418 - January 1419), the city had a population of 70,000, making it one of the leading cities in France, and its capture crucial to the Normandy campaign during the Hundred Years War. ... Jump to: navigation, search December 6 is the 340th day (341st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Baptism is a water purification ritual practiced in certain religions such as Christianity, Mandaeanism, Sikhism, and some historic sects of Judaism. ... Henry VI (December 6, 1421 – May 21/22, 1471) was King of England from 1422 to 1461 (though with a Regent until 1437) and then from 1470 to 1471. ... Heresy, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, is a theological or religious opinion or doctrine maintained in opposition, or held to be contrary, to the ‘catholic’ or orthodox doctrine of the Christian Church, or, by extension, to that of any church, creed, or religious system, considered as orthodox. ... In Christian eschatology, the Antichrist is a person or other entity that is the embodiment of evil and utterly opposed to truth. ...

As a relapsed heretic, he was left to the secular arm by Chicheley. On July 1 1416 Chicheley directed a half-yearly inquisition by archdeacons to hunt out heretics. On February 12, 1420 proceedings were begun before him against William Taylor, priest, who had been for fourteen years excommunicated for heresy, and was now degraded and burnt for saying that prayers ought not to be addressed to saints, but only to God. A striking contrast was exhibited in October 1424, when a Stamford friar, John Russell, who had preached that any religious potest concuinbere cum muliere and not mortally sin, was sentenced only to retract his doctrine. Heresy, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, is a theological or religious opinion or doctrine maintained in opposition, or held to be contrary, to the ‘catholic’ or orthodox doctrine of the Christian Church, or, by extension, to that of any church, creed, or religious system, considered as orthodox. ... Jump to: navigation, search July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ... Jump to: navigation, search February 12 is the 43rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events May 21 - Treaty of Troyes. ... Excommunication is religious censure which is used to deprive or suspend membership in a religious community. ... Burning of two sodomites at the stake outside Zürich, 1482 (Spiezer Schilling) Execution by burning is capital punishment by fire. ...

Further persecutions of a whole batch of Lollards took place in 1428. The records of convocation in Chicheley's time are a curious mixture of persecutions for heresy, which largely consisted in attacks on clerical endowments, with negotiations with the ministers of the crown for the object of cutting down to the lowest level the clerical contributions to the public revenues in respect of their endowments. Chicheley was tenacious of the privileges of his see, and this involved him in a constant struggle with Henry Beaufort, bishop of Winchester. In 1418, while Henry V was alive, he successfully protested against Beaufort's being made a cardinal and legate a kteere to supersede the legatine jurisdiction of Canterbury. But during the regency, after Henry VI's accession, Beaufort was successful, and in 1426 became cardinal and legate. Lollardy or Lollardry was the political and religious movement of the Lollards in late 14th century and early 15th century England. ... // Events October 12 - English forces under Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury besiege Orléans. ... Henry Beaufort, the second son of John of Gaunt and his mistress Katherine Swynford, was born in Anjou (France) in about 1374 and educated for a career in the Church. ... Jump to: navigation, search Henry V, (August 9 or September 16, 1387 – August 31, 1422), King of England (1413-1422), son of Henry IV by Mary de Bohun, was born at Monmouth, Wales, in August or September 1386 or 1387. ... St Peters St, Canterbury, from the West Gate, 1993 Canterbury (Latin: Duroverum) is a cathedral city in the county of Kent in southeast England. ...

This brought Chicheley into collision with Martin V. The struggle between them has been represented as one of a patriotic archbishop resisting the encroachments of the papacy on the Church of England. In point of fact it was almost wholly personal, and was rather an incident in the rivalry between the duke of Gloucester and his half-brother, Cardinal Beaufort, than one involving any principle. Chicheley, by appointing a jubilee to be held at Canterbury in 1420, after the manner of the Jubilee ordained by the Popes, threatened to divert the profits from pilgrims from Rome to Canterbury. A ferocious letter from the pope to the papal nuncios, on March 19, 1423, denounced the proceeding as calculated to ensnare simple souls and extort, from them a profane reward, thereby setting up themselves against the apostolic see and the Roman pontiff, to whom alone so great a faculty has been granted by God (Cat. Pap. Reg. vii. 12). Chicheley also incurred the papal wrath by opposing the system of papal provision which diverted patronage from English to Italian hands, but the immediate occasion was to prevent the introduction of the bulls making Beaufort a cardinal. Chicheley had been careful enough to obtain Papal provisions for himself, his pluralities, his bishopric and archbishopric. Martin V, né Oddone Colonna or Odo Colonna (1368 – February 20, 1431), pope from 1417 to 1431, was elected on St. ... For albums named Pilgrim, see Pilgrim (album). ... Jump to: navigation, search March 19 is the 78th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (79th in leap years). ... Events July 31 - Hundred Years War: Battle of Cravant - The French army is defeated at Cravant on the banks of the river Yonne. ...

This article incorporates text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, which is in the public domain. Jump to: navigation, search Supporters contend that the Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1910-1911) represents the sum of human knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century; indeed, it was advertised as such. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...