Henry I, the Fowler (German, Heinrich der Vogler) (876 - July 2, 936), was duke of Saxony from 912 and king of the Germans from 919 until his death in 936.

Henry was the son of Otto the Illustrious and Hedwiga, a great-grandaughter of Charlemagne. He became the duke of Saxony upon his father's death in 912. In 909 he married Matilda, daughter of Theudebert, duke of Saxony. Matilda founded many religious institutions, including the abbey of Quedlinburg, and was later canonized.

In 918 the German king Conrad I died without heir and named Henry as his successor, despite the fact that they had been at war with each other from 912 to 915 over the title to lands in Thuringia. Conrad's choice was respected by the Reichstag of Fritzlar in 919, where Henry was elected king with the support of dukes Eberhard III of Franconia and Burkhard I of Swabia. Duke Arnulf of Bavaria, however, did not submit to Henry and claimed the German throne himself until Henry invaded Bavaria in 921. He saw the kingdom as a confederation of duchies rather than a nation and allowed the dukes of Franconia, Swabia, and Bavaria to maintain complete internal control of their holdings. In 925, Henry defeated Giselbert, King of Lotharingia, and brought that realm, which had been lost in 910, into the German kingdom, allowing Giselbert to remain in power as Duke of Lotharingia (Lorraine) and marrying his daughter, Gerberga, to his new vassal in 928.

Henry was also a very able military leader. When Germany was threatened by the Magyars in 924, Henry bought them off at first so that he could fortify towns and train a new elite cavalry force. With his new army, he conquered the Havelli and the Daleminzi in 928 and put down a rebellion in Bohemia in 929. When the Magyars began raiding again, he led his cavalry to victory over them at the battle of Riade in 933, ending their threat to Germany. He also invaded territories to the north, where the Danes had harried the Frisians off to the sea. Widukind of Corvey in his Rex gestae Saxonicae reports that the Danes were subjects of Henry the Fowler. Henry incorporated territories held by the Wends, who together with the Danes had attacked Germany, into his kingdom and also conquered Schleswig in 934.

When Henry died on 2 July 936, all German tribes were finally united in a single kingdom. Henry I is therefore considered the first German king and the founder of the eventual Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation).

Henry the Fowler is also the name of a wandering minstrel from the Tirol, the author of two cycles about Dietrich von Bern.