Henry II in an illuminated miniature from an imperial sacramentary.

Saint Henry II (German : Heinrich II., Latin : Henricus II, Italian : Enrico II del Sacro Romano Impero) (6 May 973^[1] – 13 July 1024), called the Holy or the Saint, was the fifth and last Holy Roman Emperor of the Saxon (or Ottonian) dynasty from his coronation in Rome in 1014 until his death a decade later. He was crowned King of Germany in 1002 and King of Italy in 1004. He was the only German king to be canonised. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1133x1500, 347 KB) Description: Krönung Heinrich II., Christus setzt ihm selbst die Krone auf. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1133x1500, 347 KB) Description: Krönung Heinrich II., Christus setzt ihm selbst die Krone auf. ... For other uses, see Latin (disambiguation). ... is the 126th day of the year (127th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Edgar of England is crowned king by Saint Dunstan Births September 15 - Al_Biruni, mathematician († 1048) Abu al-Ala al-Maarri, poet Deaths May 7 - Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor Categories: 973 ... is the 194th day of the year (195th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... This article is about the medieval empire. ... For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ... Events February 14 - Pope Benedict VIII recognizes Henry of Bavaria as King of Germany July 29 - Battle of Kleidion: Basil II inflicts not only a decisive defeat on the Bulgarian army, but his subsequent savage treatment of 15,000 prisoners reportedly causes Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria to die of shock... The following list of German Kings and Emperors is one of several Wikipedia lists of incumbents. ... Events November 13 - English king Ethelred gives order to kill all Danes in England, leading to the St. ... King of Italy is a title adopted by many rulers after the fall of the Roman Empire. ... Events December: End of the Samanid dynasty in Bokhara. ...

He was the son of Henry II, Duke of Bavaria. As his father had rebelled against two previous emperors, he was often in exile. This led the younger Henry to turn to the Church at an early age, first finding refuge with Abraham, Bishop of Freising, and later being educated at the cathedral school of Hildesheim. He succeeded his father as Duke of Bavaria in 995 as Henry IV. Henry II the Wrangler Henry II (951–995), called the Wrangler or the Quarrelsome, in German Heinrich der Zänker, was the son of Henry I and Judith of Bavaria. ... The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich and Freising — known in the German language as Erzbistum München und Freising and in Latin as Archidioecesis Monacensis et Frisingensis — is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Bavaria, Germany. ...   is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany. ... The following is a list of rulers of Bavaria: Dukes of Bavaria, 889-1623 Liutpolding Dynasty Liutpold 889-907 Arnulf the Bad 907-937 Eberhard 937 Berthold 938-947 Liudolfing (Ottonian) Dynasty Henry I 947-955 Henry II the Quarrelsome 955-976 Otto I 976-982 Liutpolding Dynasty Henry III... Events (Erik Segersäll) is succeeded by (Olof Skötkonung), the first baptized ruler of Sweden. ...

Disputed succession

Henry was on his way to Rome to save his besieged cousin the Emperor Otto III when the emperor died in January 1002. Knowing that opposition to his succession was strong, Henry quickly seized the royal insignia from his dead cousin's companions. Rival candidates for the throne — such as Ezzo of Lotharingia, Eckard I of Meissen, and Herman II of Swabia — strongly contested Henry's succession, but with the aid of Willigis, Archbishop of Mainz, he was able to secure his royal election and coronation on 7 June 1002 in Mainz, though it would be a year before he was universally recognized. Otto III in a medieval manuscript Otto III (980 – January 23, 1002, Paterno, Italy) was the fourth ruler of the Saxon or Ottonian dynasty. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Eckard I (Ekkehard;[1] died 30 April 1002) was the Margrave of Meissen from 985 until his death. ... Herman II (died 4 May 1003) was the Conradine duke of Swabia from 997 to his death, as the son of and successor Conrad I. Herman opposed the election of Henry III, Duke of Bavaria, as king of Germany because he himself had been a contender. ... Saint Willigis (died February 23, 1011) was an Archbishop of Mainz, and a statesman as well as a churchman. ... Between 780/82 AD and 1802 AD the Archbishop of Mainz, was an influential ecclesiastic and secular prince of the middle ages. ... is the 158th day of the year (159th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events November 13 - English king Ethelred gives order to kill all Danes in England, leading to the St. ... Mainz is a city in Germany and the capital of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. ...

Henry spent the next several years consolidating his political power on his German borders. He waged a successful campaign against Boleslaus I of Poland and then moved into the Kingdom of Italy to confront Arduin of Ivrea, who had been elected King of Italy by a faction opposed to Henry. Arduin had previously defeated a German army sent against him by Henry and commanded by Otto I of Carinthia. Now he tried to block the German king in the Adige valley, as he had previously done with Otto, but Henry entered Italy at the Valsugana. Arduin's vassals fled in disarray at Henry's appraoch and their king was forced to return to the March of Ivrea. Henry occupied Verona and was crowned rex Italiae (King of Italy) at Pavia on 15 May 1004 by the Archbishop of Milan, Arnulf II, with the famous Iron Crown. Reign From 992 until 1025 Coronation On April 18, 1025 in Gniezno Cathedral, Poland Royal House Piast Coat of Arms Orzeł Piastowski Parents Mieszko I Dubrawka Consorts Rikdaga Judith Enmilda Oda Children with Judith Bezprym with Enmilda Regelina Mieszko II Lambert Otton with Oda Matylda Date of Birth 966/967... The medieval Kingdom of Italy was a state originally comprising the northern two thirds of modern-day Italy, which formed from the break-up of the Carolingian Empire in the 9th century. ... Arduin of Ivrea (b. ... Otto (died 4 November 1004), called Otto of Worms, was duke of Carinthia from 978 to 985 and again from 1002 until his death. ... The Adige (Italian: ; German: ; Ladin: Adiç or Adesc; Latin: Athesis; Trentino: Ades; Veneto: Adexe; Slovenian: Adiža) is a river with its source in the Alpine region of Trentino-Tiroler Etschland near the Italian border with Austria and Switzerland. ... The Valsugana valley is one of the most important valleys in both the region and autonomous province of Trento (also called Trentino region) of Northern Italy. ... The march of Ivrea was a large frontier county in the northwest of Italy in the tenth century. ... This article is about the city in Italy. ... For the municipality in the Philippines, see Pavia, Iloilo. ... is the 135th day of the year (136th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events December: End of the Samanid dynasty in Bokhara. ... The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Italy. ... The Iron Crown of Lombardy (Corona Ferrea) is both a reliquary and one of the most ancient royal insignia of Europe. ...

War against Poland

After bloodily suppressing a revolt of the citizens of Pavia, Henry remained there until 25 May, when, feeling that Italy could be considered settled, he decided to return to Germany through the Saint Gotthard Pass. From Germany he launched a second campaign against Boleslaus, allying with the pagan Liutitians against the Christian Poles and waged successful campaigns that culminated in a lasting compromise peace with the Poles in 1018: Boleslaus was allowed to retain Lusatia and Meissen, but had to give up Bohemia. is the 145th day of the year (146th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The modern concrete span of the Devils bridge (Teufelsbrücke) across the Schǒllenen Gorge replaces the older bridge below St. ... The Veleti (German: ; Polish: ) or Wilzi(ans) (also Wiltzes; German: Wilzen) were a group of medieval West Slavic tribes within the territory of modern northeastern Germany; see Polabian Slavs. ... Lusatia (German Lausitz, Upper Sorbian Łužica, Lower Sorbian Łužyca, Polish Łużyce, Czech Lužice) is a historical region between the Bóbr and Kwisa rivers and the Elbe river in the eastern German states of Saxony and Brandenburg, south-western Poland (Lower Silesian Voivodeship) and the northern... Capital Meissen Government Principality Historical era Middle Ages  - Partitioned from     marca Geronis   965  - Investiture Controversy¹ 1067  - War of Thuringian     Succession   1247–64  - Acquired most of the     Landgraviate of Thuringia   1298  - Battle of Lucka 1307  - Frederick IV assigned     Saxony-Wittenberg   1423  - Acquired Burggraviate 1426 1: As a result of the Investiture... Bohemia within the Czech Republic today (green). ...

Italian campaigns

Rebellion of Arduin

Henry was called to Italy by the clergy for another campaign in 1013. Arduin had risen in revolt again. At first he tried to resist Henry from his palace in Ivrea, but then resigned to become a monk. Subsequently Henry went straight to Rome, where Pope Benedict VIII crowned him Holy Roman Emperor on 14 February 1014. He took his duties in Italy seriously and appointed German officials to administer the country. He returned in Germany in May. Ivrea is a small town, with a population of slightly over 20,000 people, located in the Piemonte region of northwestern Italy. ... Benedict VIII, né Theophylactus (born in Rome, died April 9, 1024), pope (1012-1024), of the noble family of the counts of Tusculum (son of Gregory, Count of Tusculum, and Maria, and brother of John XIX), descended from Theophylact, Count of Tusculum like his predecessor Benedict VI, was opposed by... is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events February 14 - Pope Benedict VIII recognizes Henry of Bavaria as King of Germany July 29 - Battle of Kleidion: Basil II inflicts not only a decisive defeat on the Bulgarian army, but his subsequent savage treatment of 15,000 prisoners reportedly causes Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria to die of shock...

Invasion of southern Italy

In 1020, the pope visited him at Bamberg and consecrated his new cathedral there. After settling some controversies with the bishops of Mainz and Würzburg, Benedict VIII convinced him to return to Italy for a third (and final) campaign to counter the growing power of the Byzantine Empire in the south, where the Lombard princes had made submission to the Greeks. In 1022, he set out down the Adriatic coast for southern Italy commanding a large force. He sent Pilgrim, Archbishop of Cologne, ahead with a slightly smaller army along the Tyrrhenian littoral with the objective of subjugating the Principality of Capua. A third army, smaller still, under the command of Poppo, Patriarch of Aquileia, went through the Apennines to join Henry in besieging the Byzantine fortress of Troia. Pilgrim did capture Pandulf IV of Capua and extract oaths of allegiance from both Capua and Salerno, but all three divisions failed to take Troia. Henry almost executed the treacherous prince of Capua, but relented at the last moment at Pilgrim's pleading and instead sent him off to Germany in chains and appointed Pandulf of Teano to replace him as prince. Though his main objective had been missed, Henry left the south in the knowledge that western imperial authority still extended that far. On his return journey, he attended a synod at Pavia where he advocated Church reform. The Bishopric of Würzburg was an ecclesiastical principality in the Holy Roman Empire, located in Lower Franconia. ... Byzantine redirects here. ... The Lombards (Latin Langobardi, whence comes the alternative name Longobards found in older English texts), were a Germanic people originally from Northern Europe that entered the late Roman Empire. ... The Adriatic Sea is an arm of the Mediterranean Sea separating the Apennine peninsula (Italy) from the Balkan peninsula, and the system of the Apennine Mountains from that of the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges. ... Pilgrim (died 25 August 1036) was the archbishop of Cologne (1021-1036) and archchancellor of Italy (from 1031) in the Holy Roman Empire, a dignity he obtained for all his successors. ... The Etruscan civilization existed in Etruria and the Po valley in the northern part of what is now Italy, prior to the formation of the Roman Republic. ... The Principality of Capua was a Lombard state in Southern Italy, usually de facto independent, but under the varying suzerainty of Western and Eastern Roman Empires. ... Poppo of Treffen, also Wolfgang, was the fifty-seventh patriarch of Aquileia from 1019 to 1045. ... The Apennine Mountains (Greek: Απεννινος; Latin: Appenninus--in both cases used in the singular; Italian: Appennini) is a mountain range stretching 1000 km from the north to the south of Italy along its east coast, traversing the entire peninsula, and forming, as it were, the backbone of the country. ... Troia (Greek: , transliterated as Aika or Aikai or Ece; Latin: Aecae or Æcæ; also formerly Troja) is a town and commune in the province of Foggia, Puglia (southern Italy). ... Pandulf IV (also spelled Randulf, Bandulf, Pandulph, Pandolf, Paldolf, or Pandolfo) was the prince of Capua on three separate occasions. ... The Lombard Principality of Salerno was a South Italian state, centred on the port city of Salerno, formed out of the Principality of Benevento after a decade-long civil war in 851. ... Pandulf V was the count of Teano and prince of Capua (1022 – 1026). ...

Ecclesiastical politics

Henry's most significant contributions as emperor came in the realm of church-state relations and ecclesiastic administration within the Empire. He supported the bishops against the monastic clergy and aided them in establishing their temporal rule over broad territories. He strongly enforced clerical celibacy in order that the public land and offices he granted the chuch would not be passed on to heirs. This ensured that the bishops remained loyal to him, from whom they received their power, and provided a powerful bulwark against rebellious nobles and ambitious family members. Henry founded the Diocese of Bamberg, which quickly became a center of scholarship and art, in 1007. Clerical celibacy is the practice of various religious traditions in which clergy, monastics and those in religious orders (female or male) adopt a celibate life, refraining from marriage and sexual relationships, including masturbation and impure thoughts (such as sexual visualisation and fantasies). ... The Archdiocese of Bamberg (lat. ...

Henry had been working with the pope to call a church council to confirm his new system of politico-ecclesiastical control when he died suddenly in 1024, leaving this work unfinished. Henry and his wife, Cunigunde of Luxemburg, had no children, reportedly because they had taken a mutual vow of chastity. The Church canonised Henry (1146) and Cunigunde (1200) after their deaths. Empress Saint Cunigunde of Luxemburg (about 975 - 3 March 1033 or 1039 at Kaufungen) was the wife of Saint Henry II. She is the patroness of Luxembourg, Lithuania and Poland; her feastday is March 3 Her parents were Siegfried I of Luxembourg (922 - 15 August 998) and Hedwig of Nordgau... This article is about the process of declaring saints. ...

Henry is buried in Bamberg Cathedral, which also has the tomb of Pope Clement II. He is the patron saint of the city of Basel, Switzerland, and of St Henry's Marist Brothers' College in Durban, South Africa. Bamberg Cathedral The Bamberg Cathedral (German: Bamberger Dom, official name Bamberger Dom St. ... Clement II, né Suidger of Morsleben (born Hornburg, Lower Saxony, Germany, 1005 – died October 9, 1047), Pope from December 25, 1046 to October 9, 1047). ... Saint Quentin is the patron saint of locksmiths and is also invoked against coughs and sneezes. ... For other uses, see Basel (disambiguation). ... St. ... For other uses, see Durban (disambiguation). ...

Sources

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ...

Notes

v • d • e Holy Roman Emperors

Carolingian Empire Charles I • Louis I • Lothair I • Louis II • Charles II • Charles III • Guy • Lambert • Arnulf • Louis III • Berengar Holy Roman Empire Otto I • Otto II • Otto III • Henry II • Conrad II • Henry III • Henry IV • Henry V • Lothair II • Frederick I • Henry VI • Otto IV • Frederick II • Henry VII • Louis IV • Charles IV • Sigismund • Frederick III • Maximilian I • Charles V • Ferdinand I • Maximilian II • Rudolph II • Matthias • Ferdinand II • Ferdinand III • Leopold I • Joseph I • Charles VI • Charles VII • Francis I • Joseph II • Leopold II • Francis II Henry II the Wrangler Henry II (951–995), called the Wrangler or the Quarrelsome, in German Heinrich der Zänker, was the son of Henry I and Judith of Bavaria. ... The following is a list of rulers of Bavaria: Dukes of Bavaria, 889-1623 Liutpolding Dynasty Liutpold 889-907 Arnulf the Bad 907-937 Eberhard 937 Berthold 938-947 Liudolfing (Ottonian) Dynasty Henry I 947-955 Henry II the Quarrelsome 955-976 Otto I 976-982 Liutpolding Dynasty Henry III... Events (Erik Segersäll) is succeeded by (Olof Skötkonung), the first baptized ruler of Sweden. ... Events Malcolm II succeeds Kenneth III as king of Scotland. ... Henry (d. ... Arduin of Ivrea (955 – 1015), was Margrave of Ivrea and self-proclaimed King of Italy. ... King of Italy is a title adopted by many rulers after the fall of the Roman Empire. ... Events December: End of the Samanid dynasty in Bokhara. ... This article is about the year. ... Conrad II (c. ... Otto III in a medieval manuscript Otto III (980 – January 23, 1002, Paterno, Italy) was the fourth ruler of the Saxon or Ottonian dynasty. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Events November 13 - English king Ethelred gives order to kill all Danes in England, leading to the St. ... This article is about the year. ... The following list of German Kings and Emperors is one of several Wikipedia lists of incumbents. ... Events February 14 - Pope Benedict VIII recognizes Henry of Bavaria as King of Germany July 29 - Battle of Kleidion: Basil II inflicts not only a decisive defeat on the Bulgarian army, but his subsequent savage treatment of 15,000 prisoners reportedly causes Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria to die of shock... This article is about the year. ... The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806. ... Charlemagne (left) and Pippin the Hunchback. ... Louis the Pious, contemporary depiction from 826 as a miles Christi (soldier of Christ), with a poem of Rabanus Maurus overlaid. ... For other uses, see Lothair of France. ... Louis II, (825 – 875), Holy Roman Emperor (sole ruler 855 – 875), eldest son of the emperor Lothair I, became the designated king of Italy in 839, and taking up his residence in that country was crowned king at Rome by Pope Sergius II on June 15, 844. ... Charles the Bald[1] (numbered Charles II of France and the Holy Roman Emperor) (French: , German: ) (13 June 823 – 6 October 877), Holy Roman Emperor (875–877) and king of West Francia (840–877), was the youngest son of Emperor Louis the Pious, by his second wife Judith. ... Romantic portrait of Charles. ... Guy of Spoleto (died 12 December 894), sometimes known by the Italian version of his name, Guido, or by the German version, Wido, was the margrave of Camerino from 880 (as Guy I or Guy II) and then duke of Spoleto and Camerino (as Guy III) from 883. ... Lambert II (circa 880 – 15 October 898) was the King of Italy from 891, Holy Roman Emperor, co-ruling with his father from 892, and Duke of Spoleto and Camerino from his fathers death in 894. ... Later romantic portrait of Arnulf. ... Louis the Blind (c. ... Berengar of Friuli (c. ... For others with the same name, see Otto I (disambiguation). ... Otto II and Theophano. ... Otto III in a medieval manuscript Otto III (980 – January 23, 1002, Paterno, Italy) was the fourth ruler of the Saxon or Ottonian dynasty. ... Conrad II (c. ... Henry III, from a miniature of 1040. ... Henry IV (November 11, 1050–August 7, 1106) was King of Germany from 1056 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1084 until his forced abdication in 1105. ... Henry IV (left) and son Henry V (right). ... Seal of Lothair III. on a deed from 1131 Lothair III of Supplinburg (1075 – 1137), was Duke of Saxony (1106), King of Germany (1125), and Holy Roman Emperor from 1133 to 1137. ... Frederick Barbarossa in a 13th century chronicle. ... Henry VI (November 1165 – 28 September 1197) was King of Germany from 1190 to 1197, Holy Roman Emperor from 1191 to 1197 and King of Sicily from 1194 to 1197. ... Otto IV of Brunswick (died 1218) was King of Germany (1208-1215) and Holy Roman Emperor from 1209 - 1215. ... Frederick II (December 26, 1194 – December 13, 1250), of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, was a pretender to the title of King of the Romans from 1212 and unopposed holder of that monarchy from 1215. ... Henry VII, (In German: Heinrich; in Italian: Arrigo), ca. ... Emperor Louis IV Louis IV of Bavaria (also known as Ludwig the Bavarian) of the House of Wittelsbach (1282 – October 11, 1347) was duke of Bavaria from 1294/1301 together with his brother Rudolf I, also count of the Palatinate until 1329 and, German king since 1314 and crowned as... Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor. ... Sigismund, aged approximately 50, depicted by unknown artist in the 1420s — the only contemporary portrait. ... Emperor Frederick III Frederick III of Habsburg (Innsbruck, September 21, 1415 – August 19, 1493 in Linz) was elected as German King as the successor of Albert II in 1440. ... Maximilian I of Habsburg (March 22, 1459 – January 12, 1519) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death. ... For the Carlist claimant King Carlos V, see Infante Carlos, Count of Molina. ... Ferdinand in 1531, the year of his election as King of the Romans Ferdinand I (10 March 1503 – 25 July 1564) was an Austrian monarch from the House of Habsburg. ... Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II. His Coat of Arms Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor of the Habsburg dynasty (July 31, 1527 – October 12, 1576) was king of Bohemia from 1562, king of Hungary from 1563 and emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 1564 until his death. ... Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II Rudolph IIs personal imperial crown, later crown of the Austrian Empire Rudolf II Habsburg was an emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, king of Bohemia, and king of Hungary. ... Holy Roman Emperor Matthias Matthias (February 24, 1557 - March 20, 1619) of the House of Habsburg reigned as Holy Roman Emperor from 1612-1619, as King of Hungary from 1608-1619 (as Matthias II), and as King of Bohemia from 1611-1617. ... Emperor Ferdinand II Ferdinand II (July 9, 1578 – February 15, 1637), of the House of Habsburg, reigned as Holy Roman Emperor from 1620-1637. ... Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (July 13, 1608 – April 2, 1657), ruled February 15, 1637 – 1657. ... Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor Silver coin of Leopold I, 3 Kreuzers, dated 1670. ... Joseph I. Joseph I (July 26, 1678 – April 17, 1711), Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary and Bohemia, Archduke of Austria, was the elder son of the emperor Leopold I and his third wife, Eleanora, Countess Palatine, daughter of Philip William of Neuburg, Elector Palatine. ... Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI Charles VI, (German Karl VI; in full Karl Josef Franz)Holy Roman Emperor (October 1, 1685 – October 20, 1740) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1711 to 1740 and the second son of Leopold I with his third wife, Eleonore-Magdalena of Pfalz-Neuburg. ... Holy Roman Emperor Charles VII Emperor Charles VII Albert (Brussels August 6, 1697 – January 20, 1745 in Munich), a member of the Wittelsbach family, was Prince-elector of Bavaria from 1726 and Holy Roman Emperor from January 24, 1742 until his death in 1745. ... Francis I Silver coin of Francis I, dated 1754. ... Joseph II (full name: Joseph Benedikt August Johannes Anton Michel Adam; March 13, 1741 – February 20, 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790 and ruler of the Habsburg lands from 1780 to 1790. ... Leopold II (born Peter Leopold Joseph) (May 5, 1747 – March 1, 1792) was the penultimate Holy Roman Emperor from 1790 to 1792 and Grand Duke of Tuscany. ... Francis I in Austrian coronation regalia, 1832 Austrian thaler of Francis II, dated 1821. ...

Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ...