Henry L. Stimson

Henry Lewis Stimson (September 21, 1867 – October 20, 1950) was an American statesman, who served as Secretary of War, Governor-General of the Philippines, and Secretary of State at various times. Image File history File links Henry_L._Stimson. ... Image File history File links Henry_L._Stimson. ... September 21 is the 264th day of the year (265th in leap years). ... 1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... October 20 is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 72 days remaining. ... 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... The term statesman is a respectful term used to refer to diplomats, politicians, and other notable figures of state. ... The Secretary of War was a member of the Presidents Cabinet, beginning with George Washingtons administration. ... Governor-General of the Philippines - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice The United States Secretary of State is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with foreign affairs. ...

Early life

Stimson was born in New York City to a socially respectable, but not wealthy, family of old colonial derivation. His grandfather was a stockbroker and his father was a doctor. Stimson attended Phillips Academy at Andover, Massachusetts. The boarding school always afterwards had a special place in his heart and there is now a dorm named for him. At Yale University he was a member of Skull and Bones and graduated in 1888. Nickname: The Big Apple Official website: City of New York Government Counties (Boroughs) Bronx (The Bronx) New York (Manhattan) Queens (Queens) Kings (Brooklyn) Richmond (Staten Island) Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Geographical characteristics Area Total 468. ... Phillips Academy (also known as Andover, Phillips Andover, or simply PA) is a coed high school for boarding and day students grades 9-12 located in Andover, Massachusetts, near Boston. ... Andover is a town located in Essex County, Massachusetts. ... Official language(s) English Capital Boston Largest city Boston Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 44th 10,555 mi²; 27,360 km² 183 mi; 295 km 113 mi; 182 km 13. ... Yale University is a private university in New Haven, Connecticut. ... For the pirate flag see Jolly Roger; for the international poison symbol see skull and crossbones. ... 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. ...

During these years he met and fell in love with Mabel Wellington White. They were not married until five years later when he established himself in a profession. They were fated to have no children, but it was a very long and happy marriage. After graduate work and law school at Harvard, he entered the law firm headed by Elihu Root in 1891 and two years later became a partner. Harvard University is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, and a member of the Ivy League. ... Elihu Root Elihu Root (February 15, 1845 – February 7, 1937) was an American lawyer and statesman, the son of Oren Root and Nancy Whitney Buttrick. ... 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

Political career

In 1906 President Theodore Roosevelt appointed him U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York. Here he made a distinguished record prosecuting antitrust cases. Stimson was defeated as Republican candidate for governor of New York in 1910. 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The presidential seal was first used by president Hayes in 1880 and last modified in 1959 by adding the 50th star for Hawaii. ... Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. ... The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (SDNY) is the Federal district court whose jurisdiction is comprised of the following counties: New York, Bronx, Westchester, Putnam, Rockland, Orange, Dutchess, and Sullivan. ... The Republican Party, often called the GOP (for Grand Old Party, although one early citation described it as the Gallant Old Party) [1], is one of the two major political parties in the United States. ... -1...

Stimson was appointed Secretary of War in 1911 under President William Howard Taft. He continued the reorganization of the Army begun by Elihu Root, improving its efficiency prior to its vast expansion in World War I. Following the outbreak of war, he was a leader in the American effort to aid the stricken people of Belgium. After the United States became a belligerent, he served in France as an artillery officer, reaching the rank of Colonel in August 1918. The Secretary of War was a member of the Presidents Cabinet, beginning with George Washingtons administration. ... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857 – March 8, 1930) was an American politician, the 27th President of the United States, the 10th Chief Justice of the United States, and a leader of the conservative wing of the Republican party. ... Elihu Root Elihu Root (February 15, 1845 – February 7, 1937) was an American lawyer and statesman, the son of Oren Root and Nancy Whitney Buttrick. ... Combatants Allies: • Serbia, • Russia, • France, • Romania, • Belgium, • British Empire and Dominions, • United States, • Italy, • ...and others Central Powers: • Germany, • Austria-Hungary, • Ottoman Empire, • Bulgaria Casualties Military dead: 5 million Civilian dead: 3 million Total: 8 million Full list Military dead: 3 million Civilian dead: 3 million Total: 6 million Full... A belligerent in warfare is one of the sovereign power or, at times an insurgent force to the conflict; that is, one of the powers at war, in contrast to neutral countries and non-belligerents. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ...

In 1927, Stimson was sent by President Calvin Coolidge to Nicaragua for civil negotiations. Stimson wrote that Nicaraguans "were not fitted for the responsibilities that go with independence and still less fitted for popular self-government." Later, after he was appointed Governor-General of the Philippines (succeeding General Leonard Wood), an office he held from 1927 to 1929, he opposed Filipino independence for the same reason. 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. ... Governor-General of the Philippines - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Leonard Wood (October 9, 1860 – August 7, 1927) was a physician who served as the US Army Chief of Staff and Governor General of the Philippines. ...

From 1929 to 1933 he served as Secretary of State under President Herbert Hoover. In 1929 he shut down MI-8, the State Department's cryptanalytic office, saying, "Gentlemen don't read each other's mail." (He later reversed this attitude.) 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice The United States Secretary of State is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with foreign affairs. ... Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964), the 31st President of the United States (1929-1933), was a successful mining engineer, humanitarian, and administrator. ... Russian Mi-8 Hip The Mil Mi-8 (NATO reporting name Hip) is a large transport helicopter that can also act as a gunship. ... The United States Department of State, often referred to as the State Department, is the Cabinet-level foreign affairs agency of the United States government, equivalent to foreign ministries in other countries. ...

From 1930 to 1931 Stimson was the Chairman of the U.S. delegation to the London Naval Conference. In the following year, he was the Chairman of the U.S. delegation to the Geneva Disarmament Conference. That same year, the United States issued the "Stimson Doctrine" as a result of Japanese invasion of Manchuria: the United States refused to recognize any situation or treaty that limited U.S. treaty rights or was brought about by aggressive action. 1930 (MCMXXX) is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ... The Houses of Parliament and the clock tower containing Big Ben Part of the London skyline viewed from the South Bank London (see Wiktionary:London for the name in other languages) is the capital of the United Kingdom and England. ... Geneva (pronunciation //; French: Genève //, German: Genf //, Italian: Ginevra) is the second most populous city in Switzerland, situated where Lake Geneva (French Lac Léman) flows into the Rhône River. ... Disarmament means the reduction or elimination by a nation of its weapons systems. ... The Stimson Doctrine is a policy of the United States government, enunciated in a note of January 7, 1932 to Japan and China, of non-recognition of international territorial changes effected by force. ... Extent of Manchuria according to Definition 1 (dark red), Definition 3 (dark red + medium red) and Definition 4 (dark red + medium red + light red) Manchuria (Manchu: Manju, Simplified Chinese: 满洲; Traditional Chinese: 滿洲; Hanyu Pinyin: ) is a name given to a vast territorial region in northeast Asia. ...

Gen. George Marshall & Henry Stimson

Returning to private life at the end of Hoover's administration, Stimson was an outspoken advocate of strong opposition to Japanese aggression. Image File history File links George_marshall&henry_stimson. ... Image File history File links George_marshall&henry_stimson. ... George Catlett Marshall, GCB (December 31, 1880 – October 16, 1959) was an American military leader and Secretary of State best remembered for his leadership in the Allied victory in World War II and for his work establishing the post-war reconstruction effort for Europe, which became known as the Marshall...

In 1940 President Franklin D. Roosevelt returned him to his old post at the head of the War Department, and he skillfully directed the rapid, tremendous expansion of the Army to a force of over 10,000,000 soldiers. 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ... Franklin Delano Roosevelt (The Delano family name is correctly prounounced IPA: )(January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), 32nd President of the United States, First and last person to be elected President more than twice. ... Line drawing of the Department of Wars seal. ...

Stimson was the major decision-maker on the atomic bomb, with direct supervision over General Leslie Groves, head of the Manhattan Project. Both Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman followed his advice on every aspect of the bomb, and Stimson overruled the military when needed (for example, on taking Kyoto off the target list). On August 6, 1945, the first atomic bombing destroyed Hiroshima. Leslie Groves Leslie Richard Groves (August 17, 1896 - July 13, 1970) was a member of the United States Army who oversaw the construction of the Pentagon and the primary military leader in charge of the Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb during World War II. The son of a... The Manhattan Project resulted in the development of the first nuclear weapons, and the first-ever nuclear detonation at the Trinity test of July 16, 1945. ... Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was the thirty-fourth Vice President (1945) and the thirty-third President of the United States (1945–1953), succeeding to the office upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt. ... August 6 is the 218th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (219th in leap years), with 147 days remaining. ...

Following the surrender of Germany, he was the major proponent within the administration for what would become the Nuremberg Trials. He argued that war criminals should have trials to reflect and reinforce the domestic American respect for due process. The Nuremberg Trials were the sets of trials of officials involved in World War II and the Holocaust during the Nazi regime. ...

Last Days and Assessment

Stimson retired from public office on 21 September 1945. He died at the age of 83 in Huntington, New York and is buried at Memorial Cemetery near Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island. The United States Navy submarine USS Henry L. Stimson was named after him. Mount Stimson in Glacier National Park is named in his honor. Also, the Stimson Memorial Chapel in Bonn, Germany, was named after him. There is also a junior-high school (Henry L. Stimson Junior High School) built in 1965 in his town of death, Huntington, NY. September 21 is the 264th day of the year (265th in leap years). ... 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... The Town of Huntington is located in northwestern Suffolk County, New York. ... Cold Spring Harbor is a hamlet (and census-designated place) located in Suffolk County, New York. ... Mercator projection of Long Island Long Island is an island in New York, at 1,377 square miles (3567 km²) the largest island in the continental United States, and with 7. ... The United States Navy (USN) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for conducting naval operations around the globe. ... HMS Vanguard, a Vanguard-class nuclear ballistic missile (SSBN) submarine HMCS Windsor, a Victoria-class diesel-electric hunter-killer (SSK) submarine HMAS Rankin, a Collins-class diesel-electric guided missile (SSG) submarine USS Virginia, a Virginia-class nuclear attack (SSN) submarine A submarine is a specialized watercraft that can operate... USS (SSBN-655), a Benjamin Franklin-class submarine, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for that statesman. ... Mount Stimson is a 10,142 (3,091 m) peak in the middle of Glacier National Park, Montana, United States. ... Glacier National Park is a National Park in the U.S. state of Montana. ... 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... The Town of Huntington is located in northwestern Suffolk County, New York on the North Shore of Long Island. ...

References

Primary sources

• American Policy in Nicaragua (1927)
• The Far Eastern Crisis (1936)
• On Active Service in Peace and War (1948, reprinted 1971). His autobiography (assisted by McGeorge Bundy)

Secondary sources

• Godfrey Hodgson, The Colonel: The Life and Wars of Henry Stimson, 1867-1950 (1990)
• Elting Elmore Morison, Turmoil and tradition: A study of the life and times of Henry L. Stimson (1964)
• David F. Schmitz, Henry L. Stimson: The First Wise Man (2000)
• American Secretaries of State and Their Diplomacy. Volume: 11 (1963)

External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

Henry L. Stimson

• Henry Stimson Center
• Hiroshima: diary excerpts
• Annotated bibliography for Henry Stimson from the Alsos Digital LIbrary

United States Secretaries of State

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