Heraclius
Byzantine Emperor
Heraclius and his sons Constantine III and Heraklonas
Reign	October 5, 610 – February 11, 641
Coronation	October 5, 610
Full name	Flavius Heraclius Augustus
Born	c. 575
Died	February 11, 641
Predecessor	Phocas
Successor	Constantine III Heraklonas
Consort	Eudokia Martina
Issue	Constantine III Heraklonas
Dynasty	Heraclian Dynasty
Father	Heraclius the Elder

Heraclius or Herakleios or (Latin: Flavius Heraclius Augustus; Greek: Ἡράκλειος, Hērakleios), (c. 575 - February 11, 641) was Roman Emperor from October 5, 610 to February 11, 641. Heraclius of Caesarea (died 1191) was archbishop of Caesarea and Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem. ... Image File history File links Heraclius AV Solidus. ... Roman coin depicting, on its face, Heraclius and his sons Heraclius Constantine and Heraclonas Heraclius Constantine or Constantine III (May 3, 612 - April 20/24 or May 26, 641) was the eldest son of the Byzantine emperor Heraclius and his first wife Eudocia, and ruled as Emperor for four months... Herakleios with his sons Constantine III and Heraklonas. ... For other uses, see 5th October (Serbia). ... Events October 4 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas and becomes Emperor. ... is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Founding of the city of Fostat, later Cairo, in Egypt. ... For other uses, see 5th October (Serbia). ... Events October 4 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas and becomes Emperor. ... Phocas on a contemporary coin Flavius Phocas Augustus, Eastern Roman Emperor (reigned 602–610), is perhaps one of the most maligned figures to have held the Imperial title in the long history of Rome and Byzantium. ... Roman coin depicting, on its face, Heraclius and his sons Heraclius Constantine and Heraclonas Heraclius Constantine or Constantine III (May 3, 612 - April 20/24 or May 26, 641) was the eldest son of the Byzantine emperor Heraclius and his first wife Eudocia, and ruled as Emperor for four months... Herakleios with his sons Constantine III and Heraklonas. ... Fabia Eudokia (sometimes written Eudocia) was a Byzantine Empress (610-612). ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Roman coin depicting, on its face, Heraclius and his sons Heraclius Constantine and Heraclonas Heraclius Constantine or Constantine III (May 3, 612 - April 20/24 or May 26, 641) was the eldest son of the Byzantine emperor Heraclius and his first wife Eudocia, and ruled as Emperor for four months... Herakleios with his sons Constantine III and Heraklonas. ... The Heraclian Dynasty ruled the Eastern Roman Empire from 610 to 695 and again from 705 to 711. ... Heraclius the Elder (Latin: , Greek: ) - Exarch of Africa, the father of Byzantine Emperor Heraclius. ... For other uses, see Latin (disambiguation). ... Augustus (plural augusti) is Latin for majestic, the increaser, or venerable. The feminine form is Augusta. ... is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Founding of the city of Fostat, later Cairo, in Egypt. ... This is a list of Roman Emperors with the dates they controlled the Roman Empire. ... For other uses, see 5th October (Serbia). ... Events October 4 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas and becomes Emperor. ... is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Founding of the city of Fostat, later Cairo, in Egypt. ...

Origins

Heraclius' family was of Armenian descent^[1], though beyond that there is little specific information known about his ancestry. He was the son and namesake of Heraclius (generally referred to retrospectively as Heraclius the Elder), who had been a key general of Emperor Maurice's in the 590 AD war with Bahram Chobin, usurper of the Sassanid Empire. After the war, Maurice appointed Heraclius the Elder to the position of Exarch of Africa. Though the younger Heraclius' birthplace is unknown, he grew up in Roman Africa; according to one tradition, he engaged in gladiatorial combat with lions as a youth. Heraclius the Elder (Latin: , Greek: ) - Exarch of Africa, the father of Byzantine Emperor Heraclius. ... A solidus of Maurikios reign. ... Events September 3 - St. ... Bahram Chobin (in Persian بهرام چوبین) was a famous Eran spahbod (military commander) during Khosrau IIs rule in Sassanid Iran. ... After Islamic Conquest  Modern SSR = Soviet Socialist Republic Afghanistan  Azerbaijan  Bahrain  Iran  Iraq  Tajikistan  Uzbekistan  This box:      The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty (Persian: []) is the name used for the fourth Iranian dynasty, and the second Persian Empire (226–651). ... Heraclius the Elder (Latin: , Greek: ) - Exarch of Africa, the father of Byzantine Emperor Heraclius. ... In the Byzantine Empire, an exarch was an essentially military viceroy who governed a part of the empire at some remove from the central (oriental) authorities, the Emperor and the Patriarch of Constantinople. ... Categories: Historical stubs | Ancient Roman provinces ... For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Gladiator (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Lion (disambiguation). ...

Revolt against Phocas and the accession of Heraclius

In 608 Heraclius the Elder renounced his loyalty to the Emperor Phocas, who had overthrown Maurice six years earlier. The rebels issued coins showing both Heraclii dressed as consuls, though neither of them explicitly claimed the imperial title at this time. The younger Heraclius' cousin Niketas launched an overland invasion of Egypt; by 609, he had defeated Phocas' general Bonosus and secured the province. Meanwhile, the younger Heraclius sailed eastward with another force via Sicily and Cyprus. Events September 15 - Boniface IV becomes pope. ... Phocas on a contemporary coin Flavius Phocas Augustus, Eastern Roman Emperor (reigned 602–610), is perhaps one of the most maligned figures to have held the Imperial title in the long history of Rome and Byzantium. ... This article is about the Roman rank. ... Events The Pantheon is consecrated to the Virgin Mary and all saints (or 610). ... Sicily ( in Italian and Sicilian) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,708 km² (9,926 sq. ...

As he approached Constantinople, he made contact with leading aristocrats in the city, and soon arranged a ceremony where he was crowned and acclaimed as emperor. When he reached the capital, the Excubitors, an elite imperial guard unit led by Phocas' son-in-law Priscus, deserted to Heraclius, and he entered the city without serious resistance. Heraclius personally executed Phocas. This article is about the city before the Fall of Constantinople (1453). ... Aristocracy is a form of government in which rulership is in the hands of an upper class known as aristocrats. ... Excubitors were imperial guards that served as protection for Byzantine Emperors, starting with Leo I, who first organized the unit. ...

On October 5, 610, Heraclius was crowned for a second time, this time in the Chapel of St. Stephen within the Great Palace, and at the same time married Fabia, who took the name Eudokia. After her death in 612, he married his niece Martina in 613; this second marriage was considered incestuous and was very unpopular. For other uses, see 5th October (Serbia). ... Events October 4 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas and becomes Emperor. ... Fabia Eudokia (sometimes written Eudocia) was a Byzantine Empress (610-612). ... Events Saint Columbanus moves to Italy to establish the monastery of Bobbio (approximate date). ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Events Clotaire II reunites the Frankish kingdoms by ordering the murder of Sigebert II. Saint Columbanus founds the monastery of Bobbio in northern Italy. ... Incest is sexual activity between two persons related by close kinship. ...

In the reign of Heraclius' two sons, the divisive Martina was to become the center of power and political intrigue. Despite widespread hatred for Martina in Constantinople, Heraclius took her on campaigns with him and refused attempts by Patriarch Sergius to prevent and later dissolve the marriage.^[2] For other senses, see Patriarch (disambiguation). ...

Sassanid King Khosrau II submitting to Byzantine Emperor Heraclius, from a plaque on a 12th century French cross

Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 685 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1200 × 1050 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 685 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1200 × 1050 pixel, file size: 1. ... Gold coin of Khosrau II. Silver coin of Khosrau II, dating to ca. ... (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ...

War against Persia

When Heraclius took power the Empire was in a desperate situation. Phocas' initial revolt had stripped the Danube frontier of troops, leaving most of the Balkans at the mercy of the Avars. This article is about the Danube River. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Late Avar period Map showing the location of Avar Khaganate, c. ...

Khosrau II of the Sassanid Empire had been restored to his throne by Maurice and they had remained allies. He had used the death of his ally Maurice as an excuse to launch a war against the Romans. Chosroes had at his court a man who claimed to be Maurice's son Theodosius, and Chosroes demanded that the Romans accept him as Emperor. Gold coin of Khosrau II. Silver coin of Khosrau II, dating to ca. ... After Islamic Conquest  Modern SSR = Soviet Socialist Republic Afghanistan  Azerbaijan  Bahrain  Iran  Iraq  Tajikistan  Uzbekistan  This box:      The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty (Persian: []) is the name used for the fourth Iranian dynasty, and the second Persian Empire (226–651). ... “Byzantine” redirects here. ...

The Persians had slowly gained the upper hand in Mesopotamia over the course of Phocas' reign; when Heraclius' revolt resulted in civil war, the Persians took advantage of the internal conflict to advance deep into Syria. For other uses, see Mesopotamia (disambiguation). ... A civil war is a war in which parties within the same culture, society or nationality fight against each other for the control of political power. ...

Heraclius offered peace terms to the Persians upon his accession, but Chosroes refused to treat with him, viewing him as an usurper of Theodosius' throne. Heraclius' initial military moves against the Persians ended disastrously, and the Persians rapidly advanced westward.

In 613, the Persian army took Damascus and with the help of the Jews (who over the course of the previous century had become increasingly marginalized and oppressed) took Jerusalem in 614, damaging the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and capturing the Holy Cross and Egypt in the process. Nickname: The Seal of the Damascus Governorate Syria Syria Governorates Damascus Governorate Government  - Governor Bishr Al Sabban Area  - City 573 km²  (221. ... For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ... The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, called the Church of the Resurrection (Greek: Ναός της Αναστάσεως, Naos tis Anastaseos; Georgian: აგდგომის ტადზარი Agdgomis Tadzari; Armenian: Surp Harutyun) by Eastern Christians, is a Christian church within the walled Old City of Jerusalem. ... According to Christian tradition, the True Cross is the cross upon which Jesus was crucified. ...

They made raids deep into Anatolia as far as Chalcedon, a town lying almost opposite of Constantinople across the Bosphorus. The Persians were also in communication with the Avars. Anatolia and Europe Anatolia (Turkish: from Greek: Ανατολία - Anatolia) is a peninsula of Western Asia which forms the greater part of the Asian portion of Turkey, as opposed to the European portion (Thrace, or traditionally Rumelia). ... Chalcedon (Χαλκηδών, sometimes transliterated as Chalkedon; see also list of traditional Greek place names) was an ancient maritime town of Bithynia, in Asia Minor, almost directly opposite Byzantium, south of Scutari (modern Üsküdar). ... Bosphorus - photo taken from International Space Station. ...

The situation was so grave that Heraclius reportedly considered moving the capital from Constantinople to Carthage, but was dissuaded by Patriarch Sergius I of Constantinople. Roman Carthage with former military harbor Carthage (Greek: , Latin: , from the Phoenician meaning new town; Arabic: ) refers both to an ancient city in Tunisia and to the civilization that developed within the citys sphere of influence. ... Sergius I (d. ...

He remained in the East and worked on reorganizing the Roman military. He developed the idea of granting land to individuals in return for hereditary military service. The land so granted was organised into themata, a Greek word to describe a division of troops within a large district under military administration, each theme being placed under the command of a strategos or military governor. This arrangement ensured the continuance of the Empire for hundreds of years and enabled Heraclius to reconquer lands taken by the Persians, ravaging Persia along the way. The themata in 950. ... The term strategos (plural strategoi; Greek στρατηγός) is used in Greek to mean general. In the hellenistic and Byzantine Empires the term was also used to describe a military governor. ...

According to the trend in more recent scholarship, the theme system was actually developed by Heraclius' successors, most notably his grandson Constans II. However, the blueprint for it was provided by the exarchates set up by Maurice at Carthage and Ravenna. Constans and his son Constantine. ... Province of Ravenna Ravenna is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. ...

Once he had rebuilt the army, Heraclius took the field himself in 621; he was the first emperor to campaign against a foreign enemy in person since Theodosius I. Confident that Constantinople was well defended and unwilling to engage in a war of attrition over the lost eastern provinces, he marched across Asia Minor and invaded Persia itself. He would stay on campaign for several years. Events By Place Byzantine Empire Byzantine Emperor Heraclius invades Persia Europe Suinthila succeeds Sisebut as king of the Visigoths. ... An engraving depicting what Theodosius may have looked like, ca. ... Anatolia (Greek: ανατολη anatole, rising of the sun or East; compare Orient and Levant, by popular etymology Turkish Anadolu to ana mother and dolu filled), also called by the Latin name of Asia Minor, is a region of Southwest Asia which corresponds today to...

In 626 Constantinople itself was besieged by the Avars but Persian attempts to cross the Bosporus and aid the Avars were repulsed by the Roman navy. The Avars, now busy fighting Croats who recently arrived in Dalmatia, withdrew. I LOVE BORAT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Two bridges cross the Bosporus. ... Languages Croatian Religions Predominantly Roman Catholic Related ethnic groups Slavs South Slavs Croats (Croatian: Hrvati) are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. ... Dalmatia, highlighted, on a map of Croatia. ...

Meanwhile, Heraclius acquired the assistance of the Western Turkic Khaganate and its leader, Ziebel, who invaded Persian Transcaucasia. Heraclius also exploited divisions within the Persian Empire, keeping the Persian general Shahrbaraz neutral by convincing him that Chosroes had grown jealous of him and ordered his execution. The Western Turkic Khaganate, was formed after the internecine wars in the beginning of the 7th century (600-603 AD) when the Göktürk Khaganate (founded in the 6th century in Northern Mongolia by the Ashina clan) broke into two pieces – Eastern and Western. ... A reservoir focused well technology and service company operating in the international oil- and gas exploration and production business. ... Combatants Sassanid Empire Western Turkic Khaganate Byzantine Empire Commanders Khosrau II Shahrbaraz Buri-sad Heraclius The Third Perso-Turkic War was the third and final conflict between the Sassanian Empire and the Western Turkic Khaganate. ... Shahrbaraz (died June 9, 630) was a general, with the rank of Eran Spahbod, in the Persian army under Khosrau II of Persia (590–628). ...

Roman forces (without the Khazars, who left Heraclius) defeated the Persians under Rhahzadh at the Battle of Nineveh in 627. Heraclius personally defeated and killed Rhahzadh in the battle. Rhahzadh , alternatively known as Razates was a Persian Spahbod (commander) under Sassanid king Khosrau II. As the war with between Sassanid empire and Byzantium came close to its 15 year the Byzantine general and emporer Heraclius made a bold move. ... Combatants Byzantine Empire Sassanid Empire Commanders Heraclius Rhahzadh† Strength  ?  ? Casualties  ?  ? The Battle of Nineveh was the climactic battle of the last of the Roman-Persian Wars between the Byzantine Empire and the Sassanid Empire, in 627. ... Events April 11 - Paulinus, a Roman missionary, baptizes King Edwin of Deira December 12 - Battle of Nineveh: Byzantine Emperor Heraclius defeats the Persians Births Deaths November 10 - Justus, Archbishop of Canterbury Categories: 627 ...

When Chosroes still refused to make peace, Heraclius continued his campaign; as he approached the Persian capital of Ctesiphon, the Persian aristocracy deposed Chosroes. His successor Kavadh II made peace with Heraclius by restoring all the empire's former territories. Ctesiphon, 1932 Ctesiphon (Parthian and Pahlavi: Tyspwn as well as Tisfun, Persian: ‎, also known as in Arabic Madain, Maden or Al-Madain: المدائن) is one of the great cities of ancient Mesopotamia and the capital of the Parthian Empire and its successor, the Sassanid Empire, for more than 800 years... Kavadh II (Siroes), King of Persia, son of Khosrau II (590–628), was raised to the throne in opposition to his father in February 628, after the great victories of the Emperor Heraclius (610–641). ...

The Persian Sassanid dynasty never recovered from this war; it took years for a strong king to emerge from a series of coups, and soon the Muslim Arab Caliphate overwhelmed the sinking state. After Islamic Conquest  Modern SSR = Soviet Socialist Republic Afghanistan  Azerbaijan  Bahrain  Iran  Iraq  Tajikistan  Uzbekistan  This box:      The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty (Persian: []) is the name used for the fourth Iranian dynasty, and the second Persian Empire (226–651). ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... Languages Arabic and other minority languages Religions Islam, Christianity, Druzism and Judaism Arab woman from Ramallah wearing traditional dress in 1915. ... For main article see: Caliphate The Caliph (pronounced khaleef in Arabic) is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, or global Islamic nation. ...

Heraclius took for himself the ancient Persian title of "King of Kings", virtually dropping the traditional Roman imperial title of "Augustus". Later on, starting in 629, he styled himself simply as Basileus, the standard Greek word for "monarch", and that title was used by the Roman emperors for the next 800 years. King of Kings is a lofty title that has been used by several monarchies (usually empires in the informal sense of great powers) throughout history, and in many cases the literal title meaning King of Kings, i. ... Events Jerusalem reconquered by Byzantine Empire from the Persian Empire (September). ... A silver coin of the Seleucid king Antiochus I Soter. ...

Heraclius also Hellenised the Empire by largely discontinuing the use of Latin as its official language, replacing it with Greek. The empire continued to call itself Roman throughout the rest of its history, but the term also increasingly came to be used as a Greek self-descriptive. In 630, he reached the height of his power, marching barefoot as a pious Christian pilgrim into Jerusalem and restoring the True Cross to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. For other uses, see Latin (disambiguation). ... Events Muhammad captures Mecca (January). ... For other uses, see Christian (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ...

War against the Arabs

Main article: Byzantine-Arab Wars

Muhammad had recently succeeded in unifying all the nomadic tribes of the Arabian Peninsula. The Arabs, who had been too divided in the past to pose a military threat, now comprised one of the most powerful states in the region, and were animated by their new conversion to Islam. Heraclius fell ill soon after his triumph over the Persians and never took the field again. When the Muslim Arabs attacked Syria and Palestine 634, he was unable to oppose them personally, and his generals failed him. The Battle of Yarmuk in 636 resulted in a crushing defeat for the larger Roman army and within three years, Syria and Palestine were lost again. By the time of Heraclius' death, most of Egypt had fallen as well. Combatants Byzantine Empire,[1] Arab Ghassanids, Bulgarian Empire (later) Muslim Arabs (Rashidun, Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates) Syria was just the start of Arab expansion. ... Muhammad in a new genre of Islamic calligraphy started in the 17th century by Hafiz Osman. ... Kazakh nomads in the steppes of the Russian Empire, ca. ... The Arabian Peninsula Emirets towers in United Arab Emirates; the eastern part of Arabian Penisula The Arabian Peninsula (in Arabic: شبه الجزيرة العربية, or جزيرة العرب) is a peninsula in Southwest Asia at the junction of Africa and Asia consisting mainly of desert. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... Events The Arabs invade Palestine. ... Combatants Byzantine Empire Muslim Arabs Commanders Theodore the Sacellarius Baänes Khalid ibn Walid Strength About 200,000 About 24,000 Casualties Very Heavy,About 50,000 Unknown,Relativly low The Battle of Yarmuk (also spelled Yarmuq or Hieromyax) took place between the Muslim Arabs and the Byzantine Empire in... Events April 20 - Battle of Yarmuk - Byzantine Empire loses Syria to the Arabs The Arabs invade Persia Rothari marries queen Gundeparga, becomes king of the Lombards city of Basra Iraq founded by caliph Omar on a canal. ... The Holy Land or Palestine Showing not only the Old Kingdoms of Judea and Israel but also the 12 Tribes Distinctly, and Confirming Even the Diversity of the Locations of their Ancient Positions and Doing So as the Holy Scriptures Indicate, a geographic map from the studio of Tobiae Conradi...

Legacy

Although the territorial gains he made from his defeat of the Persians produced were lost from the advance of the Muslims, Heraclius still ranks among the great Roman emperors. His reforms of the government reduced the corruption which had taken hold in Phocas' reign, and he reorganized the military with great success. Ultimately, the reformed imperial army halted the Muslims in Asia Minor and held on to Carthage for another 60 years, saving a core from which the empire's strength could be rebuilt. Anatolia (Greek: ανατολη anatole, rising of the sun or East; compare Orient and Levant, by popular etymology Turkish Anadolu to ana mother and dolu filled), also called by the Latin name of Asia Minor, is a region of Southwest Asia which corresponds today to... Roman Carthage with former military harbor Carthage (Greek: , Latin: , from the Phoenician meaning new town; Arabic: ) refers both to an ancient city in Tunisia and to the civilization that developed within the citys sphere of influence. ...

The recovery of the eastern areas of the Roman Empire from the Persians once again raised the problem of religious unity centering around the understanding of the true nature of Christ. Most of the inhabitants of these provinces were Monophysites who rejected the Council of Chalcedon. This page is about the title, office or what is known in Christian theology as the Divine Person. ... Monophysitism (from the Greek monos meaning one and physis meaning nature) is the christological position that Christ has only one nature, as opposed to the Chalcedonian position which holds that Christ has two natures, one divine and one human. ... The Council of Chalcedon was an ecumenical council that took place from October 8 to November 1, 451, at Chalcedon (a city of Bithynia in Asia Minor), today part of the city of Istanbul on the Asian side of the Bosphorus and known as the district of Kadıköy. ...

Heraclius tried to promote a compromise doctrine called Monothelitism; however, this philosophy was rejected as heretical by both sides of the dispute. For this reason, Heraclius was viewed as a heretic and bad ruler by some later religious writers. After the Monophysite provinces were finally lost to the Muslims, Monotheletism rather lost its raison d'être and was eventually abandoned. Monothelitism (a Greek loanword meaning one will) is a particular teaching about how the divine and human relate in the person of Jesus, known as a Christological doctrine. ... Look up Heresy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Perhaps the most important legacy of Heraclius was changing the official language of the East Roman Empire from Latin to Greek in circa 620 AD^[3], thus strengthening the process of Hellenization in what was to become known in the West later on as the Byzantine Empire, which had a distinctively Greek culture. For this reason, some historians tend to start the "Byzantine" Empire with the reign of Heraclius, defining the period before him as "Late Roman". Latin was the language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... Look up AD, ad-, and ad in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... “Byzantine” redirects here. ...

Family

Heraclius and Fabia Eudokia had two children:

• Eudoxia Epiphania, Augusta
• Heraclius Constantine (Constantine III), Emperor in 641

With his second wife, Martina, the Emperor had at least 10 children, though the names and order of these children are questions for debate: Eudoxia Epiphania (also known as Epiphania, Eudocia or Eudokia) was the only daughter of the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius and his first wife Fabia Eudoxia. ... Roman coin depicting, on its face, Heraclius and his sons Heraclius Constantine and Heraclonas Heraclius Constantine or Constantine III (May 3, 612 - April 20/24 or May 26, 641) was the eldest son of the Byzantine emperor Heraclius and his first wife Eudocia, and ruled as Emperor for four months...

• Fabius, who had a paralyzed neck
• Theodosios, who was a deaf-mute, married Nike, daughter of Persian general Shahrbaraz
• Constantine
• Constantine Heraclius (Heraklonas), Emperor 638 – 641
• David (Tiberios), proclaimed Caesar in 638
• Martinos or Marinos
• Augoustina, Augusta
• Anastasia and/or Martina, Augusta
• Febronia

Of these at least two were handicapped, which was seen as punishment for the illegality of the marriage. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The word deaf can have very different meanings depending on the background of the person speaking or the context in which the word is used. ... Look up mute in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Shahrbaraz (died June 9, 630) was a general, with the rank of Eran Spahbod, in the Persian army under Khosrau II of Persia (590–628). ... Heraclius and his sons Heraclius Constantine and Heracleonas. ... Look up Caesar in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... See also: Handicap (competition) Handicapped is an adjective used to refer to a person or animal who is partially disabled or unable to use a limb or limbs. ...

He also had at least one illegitimate son, Atalarichos, who conspired a plot against Heraclius with his cousin, the magister Theodorus, and the Armenian noble David Saharuni. He was mutilated and exiled to Prinkipo, one of the Princes' Islands, in 637. David Saharuni was sparapet, kouropalates and ishkhan of Byzantine controlled Armenia from 635 to 638. ... Exile (band) may refer to: Exile - The American country music band Exile - The Japanese pop music band Category: ... Büyüd Ada (Big Island - Pringipos, Πρίγκιπος in Greek) is the largest of the nine islands consisting the Princes Islands in the Marmara Sea, close to Istanbul. ... The Princes Islands (today Adalar) are a chain of nine islands off the coast of Istanbul, Turkey, in the Sea of Marmara. ...

During the last years of Heraclius' life, it became evident that a struggle was taking place between Heraclius Constantine and Martina, who was trying to position her son Heraklonas in line for the throne. When Heraclius died, in his will he left the empire to both Heraclius Constantine and Heraklonas to rule jointly with Martina as Empress. In the common law, a will or testament is a document by which a person (the testator) regulates the rights of others over his property or family after death. ...

Note

1. ^ Theophylact Simocatta, 109-110
2. ^ Kaegli, Walter. Heraclis: Emperor of Byzantium.
3. ^ Europe: A History. Oxford: Oxford University Press 1996. ISBN 978-0-19-820171-7

Theophylact Simocatta (Theophylaktos Simokates, also Simokattes) was an early 7th century Byzantine historiographer, arguably ranking as the last historian of Antiquity. ...

Sources

• The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, Oxford University Press, 1991.
• Charles, R. H. The Chronicle of John, Bishop of Nikiu: Translated from Zotenberg's Ethiopic Text, 1916. Reprinted 2007. Evolution Publishing, ISBN 978-1-889758-87-9. [1]
• W. Kaegi, Heraclius Emperor of Byzantium, Cambridge University Press, 2003.
• (primary source) C. Mango & R. Scott (trans.), The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor, Oxford University Press, 1997.
• (primary source) C. Mango (trans.), Nikephoros Patriarch of Constantinople. Short History, Dumbarton Oacks Texts 10, 1990.

Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium (often abbreviated to ODB) is a three volume book by the Oxford University Press. ... Oxford University Press (OUP) is a highly-respected publishing house and a department of the University of Oxford in England. ... The headquarters of the Cambridge University Press, in Trumpington Street, Cambridge. ...

See also

• Aslim Taslam
• Non-Muslims Interactants with Muslims During Muhammad's Era
• Hadith of the prediction in Sura al-Rum
• Revolt against Heraclius

Aslim Taslam (Arabic: أسلم تسلم) (submit to Islam) is a phrase that was taken from the letters sent by the Prophet Muhammed to the chiefs of tribes in his times in which he urged them to convert to Islam to spare their lives. ... This is a list of the non-muslims that had contact with the Sahaba // list Meccans Uqba ibn Abi Mohit Abu Lahab ibn abd al-Muttalib Umm Jamil Hakam ibn Al-Aas Amr ibn Hisham aka Abu Jahl Musaylimah aka the Liar Walid ibn Mughira Khalids father Walid ibn Utba... A famous recorded oral tradition among Muslims (Arabic: Hadith) is about a prediction in the Quran. ... The Revolt against Heraclius (613–617 CE) was a Jewish revolt against the Byzantine Empire coming into aid of the Persian invaders. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Heraclius

• De Imperatoribus Romanis: an online encyclopedia of Roman Emperors
• HERACLIUS EMPEROR OF BYZANTIUM Walter E. Kaegi. Oxford University Press