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Encyclopedia > Hesse and by Rhine
Großherzogtum Hessen und bei Rhein
Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine
Flag
1806 – 1918
Coat of arms
Flag Coat of arms
Location of Hesse
Grand Ducal Hesse within the German Empire
Capital Darmstadt
49°52′N 8°39′E
Government Monarchy
Grand Duke
 - 1806–1830 Louis I
 - 1830–1848 Louis II
 - 1848–1877 Louis III
 - 1877–1892 Louis IV
 - 1892–1918 Ernest Louis
History
 - Established 13 August1806
 - Disestablished 9 November1918
Area
 - 1910[1] 7,688.36 km2
2,968 sq mi
Population
 - 1910[1] est. 1,282,051 
     Density 166.8 /km² 
431.9 /sq mi

The Grand Duchy of Hesse (German: Großherzogtum Hessen) was a former state that existed in modern-day Germany. It was formed in 1806 after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire as a result of the actions of Napoleon, who then elevated the former Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt to the level of grand duchy. For this reason, this state was occasionally known simply as Hesse-Darmstadt. Image File history File links Sin_bandera. ... 1806 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Subdivision of Germany in 1925 (Volksstaat Hessen is in brown) Volksstaat Hessen in 1930 Der Volksstaat Hessen (- in German, Peoples State Hesse in English) was a new name of a traditional state of Germany from 1918 until 1945. ... The tricolour flag of France A flag is a piece of cloth, often flown from a pole or mast, generally used symbolically for signalling or identification. ... A modern coat of arms is derived from the medi val practice of painting designs onto the shield and outer clothing of knights to enable them to be identified in battle, and later in tournaments. ... Motto: Gott mit Uns (German: God with us”) Anthem: Heil dir im Siegerkranz (unofficial) Territory of the German Empire in 1914, prior to World War I Capital Berlin Language(s) Official: German Unofficial minority languages: Polish (Posen, Lower Silesia,Upper Silesia, Masuria) French (Alsace-Lorraine) Government Constitutional monarchy Emperor  - 1871... This is a list of national capitals of the world in alphabetical order. ... Darmstadt is a city in the Bundesland (federal state) of Hessen in Germany. ... Places where monarchies maintain rule appear in blue. ... Hesse is a region of west-central Germany. ... Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse (14 June 1753, Prenzlau – 6 April 1830, Darmstadt) was Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (as Louis X) and later the first Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine. ... Louis II (26 December 1777, Darmstadt – 16 June 1848, Darmstadt) was Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine from 1830 until his death. ... Louis III (9 June 1806, Darmstadt - 13 June 1877, Seeheim) was Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine from 1848 until his death. ... Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine Louis IV (Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Karl) (12 September 1837 - 13 March 1892), was the fourth Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, reigning from 13 June 1877 until his death. ... Ernest Louis Grand Duke of Hesse in 1905 Ernest Louis Charles Albert William (de: Ernst Ludwig Karl Albert Wilhelm), (25 November 1868-9 October 1937) was the last Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine from 1892 until his abdication in 1918. ... August 13 is the 225th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (226th in leap years), with 140 days remaining. ... 1806 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Karl Liebknecht on 9 November 1918 in the Berliner Tiergarten The German November Revolution was one of many Revolutions across Europe at the end of World War I in 1918-1919. ... November 9 is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 52 days remaining. ... Year 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... Population density by country, 2006 Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. ... The double-headed eagle A portrait of Charlemagne wearing the crown of the Holy Roman Empire (15th century painting by Albrecht Dürer) The Holy Roman Empire was a mainly Germanic conglomeration of lands in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the early modern period. ... For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). ...

Contents

History

Due to Hesse-Darmstadt's membership of Napoleon's Confederation of the Rhine, it was forced to cede a considerable amount of territory at the 1815 Congress of Vienna. The territory of the Duchy of Westphalia, which Hesse-Darmstadt received from the 1803 Reichsdeputationshauptschluss, was ceded to the Kingdom of Prussia. However, it received some territory on the western bank of the Rhine, including the important federal fortress at Mainz. The Confederation of the Rhine or Rhine Confederation (Rheinbund in German; in French officially États confédérés du Rhin but in practice Confédération du Rhin) lasted from 1806 to 1813 and was formed from sixteen German states by Napoleon after he defeated Habsburgs Francis II... The Congress of Vienna by Jean-Baptiste Isabey, 1819. ... Arms of Westphalia. ... The Reichsdeputationshauptschluss conclusion was a resolution of the last meeting of the Immerwaehrenden realm tags on 25 February 1803 in Regensburg. ... Flag of Prussia (1894 - 1918) The Kingdom of Prussia existed from 1701 until 1918, and from 1871 was the leading kingdom of the German Empire, comprising in its last form almost two-thirds of the area of the Empire. ... Loreley At 1,320 kilometres (820 miles) and an average discharge of more than 2,000 cubic meters per second, the Rhine (Dutch Rijn, French Rhin, German Rhein, Italian: Reno, Romansch: Rein, ) is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe. ... Mainz is a city in Germany and the capital of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. ...


The Grand Duchy changed its name to the Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine in 1816. A grand duchy is a territory whose head of state is a Grand Duke or Grand Duchess. ...


In 1867, the northern half of the Grand Duchy (Upper Hesse) became a part of the North German Confederation, while the half of the Grand Duchy south of the Main (Starkenburg and Rhenish Hesse) remained outside. In 1871, it became a constituent state of the German Empire. The last Grand Duke, Ernst Ludwig (a grandson of Queen Victoria and brother to Empress Alexandra of Russia), was forced from his throne at the end of World War I, and the state was renamed the Volksstaat Hessen (People's State of Hesse). North German Federation (in German, Norddeutscher Bund), came into existence in 1867, following the dissolution of the German Confederation. ... Starkenburg is a historical region of the state of Hesse in Germany, consisting of the districts (Kreise) of Bergstraße, Darmstadt-Dieburg, Groß-Gerau, and Odenwaldkreis, along with the city of Darmstadt. ... Rheinhessen (in English: Rhenish Hesse) refers to the part of the former Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt located west of the Rhine river and now part of Rhineland-Palatinate. ... Ernest Louis Grand Duke of Hesse in 1905 Ernest Louis Charles Albert William (de: Ernst Ludwig Karl Albert Wilhelm), (25 November 1868-9 October 1937) was the last Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine from 1892 until his abdication in 1918. ... Queen Victoria, see Queen Victoria (ship). ... Princess Alix of Hesse, as Empress Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia (1872-1918) Her Grand Ducal Highness Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine (Alix Victoria Helena Louise Beatrice, 6 June 1872 - 17 July 1918), was the consort of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, the last Tsar of Russia. ... Combatants Allied Powers: Russian Empire France British Empire Italy United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary German Empire Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Commanders Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Ferdinand Foch Herbert Henry Asquith Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Armando Diaz Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Franz... Subdivision of Germany in 1925 (Volksstaat Hessen is in brown) Volksstaat Hessen in 1930 Der Volksstaat Hessen (- in German, Peoples State Hesse in English) was a new name of a traditional state of Germany from 1918 until 1945. ...


The majority of the state combined with Frankfurt am Main, the Waldeck area (Rhine-Province) and the old Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau to form the new state of Hesse following the Second World War. Excepted was the Montabaur district from Hessen-Nassau and that part of Hessen-Darmstadt on the left bank of the Rhine (Rhenish Hesse) became part of the Rhineland-Palatinate state. (Bad) Wimpfen - an exclave of Hessen-Darmstadt - became part of Baden-Württemberg, district of Sinsheim. Frankfurt am Main [ˈfraŋkfʊrt] is the largest city in the German state of Hessen and the fifth largest city of Germany. ... The Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau (German Hessen-Nassau) was created in 1868 as a consequence of the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 by combining the previously independent Electorate of Hesse (Hesse-Kassel), the Duchy of Nassau, the Free Imperial City of Frankfurt, areas gained from the Kingdom of Bavaria... Hesse (German: Hessen) is a state of Germany with an area of 21,110 km² and just over six million inhabitants. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... Rheinhessen (in English: Rhenish Hesse) refers to the part of the former Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt located west of the Rhine river and now part of Rhineland-Palatinate. ... The Rhenish Palatinate (Rheinpfalz, sometimes Lower Palatinate or Niederpfalz) occupies rather more than a quarter of the German Bundesland (federal state) of Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz) and contains the towns of Ludwigshafen, Kaiserslautern, Neustadt an der Weinstrasse, Pirmasens, Landau and Speyer. ...


Subdivisions of Hesse

The three provinces of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Upper Hesse, Starkenburg and Rhenish Hesse
The three provinces of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Upper Hesse, Starkenburg and Rhenish Hesse

The Grand Duchy of Hesse was divided into three provinces:

Darmstadt is a city in the Bundesland (federal state) of Hessen in Germany. ... Loreley At 1,320 kilometres (820 miles) and an average discharge of more than 2,000 cubic meters per second, the Rhine (Dutch Rijn, French Rhin, German Rhein, Italian: Reno, Romansch: Rein, ) is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe. ... For other uses, see Main (disambiguation). ... Mainz is a city in Germany and the capital of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. ... The Congress of Vienna by Jean-Baptiste Isabey, 1819. ... theatre in Giessen Architecture in Giessen Giessen (German spelling Gießen) is a city in the German federal state (Bundesland) of Hesse, capital of both the Giessen district and the Giessen Administrative Region. ... Main Station Frankfurt Frankfurt International Airport For other articles with similar names, see Frankfurt (disambiguation). ...

See also

Hesse is a region of west-central Germany. ... The Electorate of Hesse-Kassel was abolished in 1866 when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia, while the Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine came to end in 1918. ...

External links

  • Das Großherzogtum Hessen 1806–1918
  • Großherzogtum Hessen (Kreise und Gemeinden) 1910

References

  1. ^ http://www.gemeindeverzeichnis.de/gem1900/gem1900.htm?hessen1900.htm

  Results from FactBites:
 
The Former Ruling House of Hesse and the Rhine, 1939-1945 (275 words)
Johanna, Princess of Hesse and the Rhine (1936-1939).
Wilhelm, Prince of Hesse and the Rhine (1845-1900)
Alexander, Prince of Hesse and the Rhine (1823-1888)
Rulers of Hesse - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (214 words)
Originally the western part of the Landgraviate of Thuringia, in the mid 13th Century it was inherited by the younger son of Henry II, Duke of Brabant, and became a distinct political entity.
Electoral Hesse was annexed by Prussia in 1866 after the Six Weeks War, but Grand Ducal Hesse lasted until the end of the German monarchies in 1918.
In 1968 the House of Hesse and the Rhine became extinct.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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