True colour image of Ireland, captured by a NASA satellite on 4 January 2003. Scotland, the Isle of Man, Wales and a part of south west England are visible to the east.

Hibernia is the Roman Latin name for the island of Ireland. A true colour image of Ireland captured by a NASA satellite on January 4, 2003. ... A true colour image of Ireland captured by a NASA satellite on January 4, 2003. ... NASA Logo Listen to this article · (info) This audio file was created from the revision dated 2005-09-01, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. ... An Earth observation satellite, ERS 2 For other uses, see Satellite (disambiguation). ... January 4 is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Motto (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity Cha togar mfhearg gun dioladh (Scottish Gaelic)1 Wha daur meddle wi me?(Scots)1 Anthem (Multiple unofficial anthems) Scotlands location in Europe Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official languages English, Gaelic, Scots Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II... This article is about the country. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem God Save the King (Queen) England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II  -  Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification  -  by Athelstan 967  Area... Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ...

[edit] Meaning of Hibernia

Hibernia may derive from the Latin term hibernus that translates as wintry.

Another possibility is that Hibernia is derived from Ivernia, which in turn is latinised Ierne. Ierne was the name given to Ireland by Pytheas of Massilia, the Greek merchant and explorer from the 4th Century BC and may derive from Erin the mythological name for Ireland, which is itself derived from the dative singular of Éire (Éirinn), the name for Ireland in the Irish language. As recently as the early 20th century, "Ivernia" was used among some of the educational establishment in Britain to refer to Hibernia. It could also relate to Iberia, which has Irish connections (see Sons of Mil). The Iverni, later Érainn, were an ancient people of Ireland attested in Ptolemys 2nd century Geography. ... Pytheas (c. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Irish () is a Goidelic language spoken in Ireland. ... The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe. ... In Irish mythology Míl Espáine (Latin Miles Hispaniae, Soldier of Hispania, that is Iberia or modern Spain and Portugal) is the ancestor of the final inhabitants of Ireland, the sons of Míl or Milesians, who represent the Goidelic Celts. ...

[edit] Hibernia in the historical record

The island of Ireland was never formally incorporated into the Roman Empire. It is commonly believed that the Romans or Romano-British neither invaded nor particularly influenced Ireland. Motto Senatus Populusque Romanus (SPQR) The Roman Empire. ... Romano-British is a term used to refer to the Romanized Britons under the Roman Empire (and later the Western Roman Empire) and in the years after the Roman departure exposed to Roman culture and Christian religion. ...

Irish tribal expeditions harried the Roman provinces of Britannia (Britain) and Gaul (France) as evidenced from surviving Roman texts. Principal sites in Roman Britain Roman Britain refers to those parts of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between 43 and 410. ... Map of Gaul circa 58 BC Gaul (Latin: ) was the name given, in ancient times, to the region of Western Europe comprising present-day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine river. ...

But what is less certain is whether the Romans had a direct effect on Ireland. What few written records remain are brief but do suggest Roman interest in a military incursion into Ireland and little else.

In the early first century, Roman and Greek knowledge of Ireland was thin. The geographers Strabo and Pomponius Mela describe a cold land inhabited by savages who feast on the flesh of their dead fathers and perform incest with their mothers and sisters. The Greek geographer Strabo in a 16th century engraving. ... Pomponius Mela, who wrote around AD 43, was the earliest Roman geographer. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

By the second century, the geographer Ptolemy gave coordinates for a surprisingly detailed map of Ireland, naming tribes, towns, rivers and headlands. This information could have come from a variety of sources, but does demonstrate the increasing knowledge and interest in Ireland. A medieval artists rendition of Claudius Ptolemaeus Claudius Ptolemaeus (Greek: ; ca. ...

Irish written history does not mention Rome at all. If Rome is referred to by some other name, no one has yet put a convincing case forward.

However, the lack of written history does not mean that Rome or the Roman province of Britannia did not significantly interact with Ireland. Britannia on a 2005 £2 coin. ...

[edit] Ireland and its neighbours

From early in the archaeological record, the peoples of North West Europe, including Britain, Gaul, Spain and Ireland had mutually warred, traded and settled.

Significant British settlement in the Southwest of Ireland occurred around year 1. Ptolemy, in 100s, records Irish tribal names identical to those of tribes in Gaul and Britain, suggesting significant settlement, particularly of the Brigantes and Belgae. This article is about the year 1. ... A medieval artists rendition of Claudius Ptolemaeus Claudius Ptolemaeus (Greek: ; ca. ... Centuries: 1st century - 2nd century - 3rd century Decades: 50s 60s 70s 80s 90s - 100s - 110s 120s 130s 140s 150s 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 Events and trends donknjiwegtuiewgtuiweorhwefioyr weiouygweuigry u9weuiwegweuieui wetui weuiweguiwe uiwe w eui gweui weuiwer uiwe uiwe guiwe weui weui wefg weuiwe Significant... The Brigantes were a British Celtic tribe which lived between Tyne and Humber. ... The Belgae were a group of nations or tribes living in north-eastern Gaul, on the west bank of the Rhine, in the 1st century BC, and later also attested in Britain. ...

At this time Ireland, western and central Europe was home to several Celtic peoples, with their associated Celtic religion, supervised by the Druids. In Ireland and Britain, its peoples shared a broadly similar Celtic heritage. The Isle of Anglesey, Welsh Ynys Môn, was the centre of the Druidic religion, just across the Irish Sea from Ireland. This article is about the European people. ... Template:Buttface mythology Celtic mythology is the mythology of Celtic polytheism annas hippo butt, apparently the religion of the Iron Age Celts. ... Druidry or Druidism was the religion of the ancient druids, the priestly class in ancient Celtic and Gallic societies through much of Western Europe north of the Alps and in the British Isles. ... Anglesey (Welsh: , pronounced (IPA)), is a predominantly Welsh-speaking island and county at the northwestern extremity of Wales. ... Welsh redirects here, and this article describes the Welsh language. ... Relief map of the Irish Sea. ...

Transport and communication was often along rivers and coasts, with the Irish Sea being a part of this network. When Julius Caesar briefly invaded southern England in 54 BC, he received the submission of many tribes, including that of the Orcadians in the Orkney Islands, north of Scotland. Communications could be long distance, but whether any Irish knew of the Romans at this time is uncertain. Gaius Julius Caesar [1] (Latin pronunciation ; English pronunciation ; July 12 or July 13, 100 BC or 102 BC – March 15, 44 BC), was a Roman military and political leader and one of the most influential men in classical antiquity. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem God Save the King (Queen) England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II  -  Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification  -  by Athelstan 967  Area... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC - 50s BC - 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC Years: 59 BC 58 BC 57 BC 56 BC 55 BC 54 BC 53 BC 52 BC 51... The Orkney Islands are one of 32 unitary council regions in Scotland, and form a traditional county and Lieutenancy area. ... The Orkney Islands, usually called simply Orkney, are one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. ... Motto (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity Cha togar mfhearg gun dioladh (Scottish Gaelic)1 Wha daur meddle wi me?(Scots)1 Anthem (Multiple unofficial anthems) Scotlands location in Europe Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official languages English, Gaelic, Scots Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II...

Rome often projected its power beyond its boundaries. Beyond the West coast of Britannia was the Irish Sea, with many easy crossings, and many distinctive mountain landmarks to ease navigation. The spread of Roman power to Ireland's neighbours would have had significant effects on Ireland.

By 51 BC French Gaul had been conquered by the Romans, with the permanent garrisoning of Britain starting after the second invasion in 43. England and Wales would remain within the Roman Empire for another 350 years. Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC - 50s BC - 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC Years: 56 BC 55 BC 54 BC 53 BC 52 BC 51 BC 50 BC 49 BC 48... Events Aulus Plautius, with 4 legions, landed on Britain. ...

Revolts by the newly subjugated British tribes may have increased settlement from Britain to Ireland and reduced settlement in the other direction. Events such as the destruction of the druidic shrine and sacred groves at Anglesey in 60 by the Roman general Suetonius Paulinus surely would have been noticed in Ireland. Events Boudicca sacks London (approximate date). ... Gaius Suetonius Paulinus, also spelled Paullinus, (flourished 1st century CE) was a Roman general. ...

[edit] Possible evidence of Roman visits

Generally in Ireland, Roman material is rare and found in different contexts from the native La Tene material. No roads have been identified as being Roman, and no large Roman settlements have been found. However in the southeast of Ireland, where native material is rare, Roman-style cemeteries and large quantities of Roman artifacts have been found. The La Tène culture was an Iron Age culture named after the archaeological site of La Tène on the north side of Lake Neuchatel in Switzerland, where a rich trove of artifacts was discovered by Hansli Kopp in 1857. ...

A group of burials on Lambay Island, off the coast of County Dublin, contained Roman broaches and decorative metalware of a style also found in northern England from the late first century. However this could represent, for example, Brigantes fleeing reprisal from the crushed revolt of 74. Lambay Island is situated off the coast of north county Dublin, Ireland, north of Irelands Eye. ... Statistics Province: Leinster County Town: Dublin Code: D Area: 921 km² Population (2006) 1,186,821 County Dublin (Irish: Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath), or more correctly today the Dublin Region[1] (Réigiúin Átha Cliath), is the area that contains the city of Dublin, the capital and largest city... For other uses, see number 74. ...

Tara, the midland ritual complex, Clogher, a northern hillfort, and Cashel, in the south have produced early and late Roman material, the first two having produced no native finds of contemporary age. The place name Cashel is thought to derive from the Latin castellum. All become capitals of new kingdoms and all believe that their origins derive from Britain. If these were British settlers whether they were supported by or fleeing from Roman influence is not known. The Hill of Tara, located near the River Boyne, is today a mound in County Meath, Leinster, Ireland, on which the grass has veiled the rich heritage of the country. ... Clogher is a small town in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland, situated on the River Blackwater in the Dungannon district 25 miles south of Omagh. ... Cashel (An Caisleán in Irish, meaning the castle) is a town in County Tipperary, in the southern midlands of Ireland. ...

At Drumanagh, 25 km north of Dublin, a large (200,000 m²) site has recently been identified as possibly Roman. Consisting of a peninsula defended by three rows of parallel ditches on the landward side, the site appears to be a port or bridgehead. Access to the finds and the site has been prohibited for over 10 years due to a court case about ownership. km redirects here. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 53. ...

Other Roman influences can be seen such as the penannular brooch, used to fasten Irish cloaks from 4th-11th century, which derives from a style of Romano-British broach, or the early medieval Irish sword which derived from the Roman Spatha and even the rapid adoption of Christianity. Romano-British is a term used to refer to the Romanized Britons under the Roman Empire (and later the Western Roman Empire) and in the years after the Roman departure exposed to Roman culture and Christian religion. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times. ... Modern replica of a late Roman Empire spatha The spatha was a type of a straight sword with a long point, measuring between 0. ... Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ...

Roman coins have been found at Newgrange, possibly offerings from early tourists. ^[1] Newgrange, which is located at , is one of the passage tombs of the Brú na Bóinne complex in County Meath, and the most famous of all Irish prehistoric sites. ...

[edit] Invasion perhaps

Tuathal was, in the Irish myths, a High King of Ireland. He was the son of a High King Fiacha Finnfolaidh. His father was overthrown and killed in a revolt by the King of Ulster. Tuathal's mother, who was the daughter of the King of Alba (Britain), fled to Britain with her son. 20 years later he returned to Ireland, defeated his fathers enemies in a series of battles and subdued the entire country. He became High King at Tara, on the Irish East Coast. There he convened a conference where he established laws. He annexed territory from each of the other four provinces to create the central province of Míde (Meath). Four fortresses were built, one for each of the four areas of land. Tuathal Teachtmhar was a legendary High King of Ireland, reputed to have ruled in the 1st or 2nd century. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... Fiacha Finnfolaidh, son of Feradach Finnfechtnach, was a legendary High King of Ireland of the 1st century AD. He was ovrthrown by either Cairbre Cinnchait or Éllim, king of Ulster, in a revolt of the subject peoples against the Milesian nobility. ... Statistics Area: 24,481 km² Population (2006 estimate) 1,993,918 Ulster (Irish: Cúige Uladh, IPA: ) forms one of the four traditional provinces of Ireland. ... Alba is the ancient and modern Gaelic name (IPA: ) for the country of Scotland (also Alba in Irish, and in Old Gaelic Albu). ... The Hill of Tara, located near the River Boyne, is today a mound in County Meath, Leinster, Ireland, on which the grass has veiled the rich heritage of the country. ... Meath (An Mhí in Irish) is a county in the Republic of Ireland, the county is often informally called The Royal County. ...

Some consider him to be the first real High King. The dating of Irish history/mythology is prone to error; however, the most popular belief is that Tuathal was exiled in 56 and reigned from around 80 to 100. // Events By place Roman Empire War between Rome and Parthia broke out due to the invasion of Armenia by Vologases, who replaced the Roman supported ruler with his brother Tiridates of Parthia Publius Clodius Thrasea Paetus becomes a consul in Rome. ... Events By place Roman Empire The Emperor Titus inaugurates the Flavian Amphitheatre with 100 days of games. ... -1...

Tacitus, the Roman author, tells us that around this time Agricola had with him an Irish chieftain who would return to conquer Ireland with an army. Juvenal later tells us that Roman arms were "taken beyond the shores of Ireland." Excavations at sites linked to the tale of Tuathal have produced Roman material of the late 1st or early 2nd centuries. Perhaps Tuathal was that Irish chieftain, and he carried out his Midlands conquest with Roman-trained troops, power and technology. Gaius Cornelius Tacitus Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (c. ... Frontispiece depicting Juvenal and Persius, from a volume translated by John Dryden in 1711. ...

Everyone accepts that Julius Caesar 'invaded' Britain. Yet his army left few discoverable traces, stayed only a couple of years, and failed to incorporate Britain into the Roman Empire. It is only through the survival of Caesar's book, The Gallic War, that we know of the Roman invasion of Britain in 54 BC. (The successful invasion and incorporation into the Roman Empire occurred 100 years later). Gaius Julius Caesar [1] (Latin pronunciation ; English pronunciation ; July 12 or July 13, 100 BC or 102 BC – March 15, 44 BC), was a Roman military and political leader and one of the most influential men in classical antiquity. ... De Bello Gallico (literally On the Gallic Wars in Latin) is an account written by Julius Caesar about his nine years of war in Gaul. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC - 50s BC - 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC Years: 59 BC 58 BC 57 BC 56 BC 55 BC 54 BC 53 BC 52 BC 51...

The few other remaining texts from that period, combined with the archaeology, suggest that interaction between Romanised Britain and Ireland occurred. But without the miraculous discovery of a lost Roman text, or some dramatic archaeological finds, the details will remain debated.

[edit] Modern usage

Hibernia is a word which is rarely used today with regard to Ireland, however it is occasionally used for various names of organisations and things, for instance: Hibernia National Bank, Ancient Order of Hibernians, The Hibernian magazine, Hibernia College, Hibernian Football Club, HMS Hibernia and modern derivatives, from Latin like Respublica Hibernica (Irish Republic) and Universitas Hiberniae Nationalis (National University of Ireland). The compound form Hiberno- remains more common, for example, in Hiberno-English, Hiberno-Scottish, Hibernophile etc. Hibernia National Bank is a personal banking and commercial lending institution headquartered in New Orleans. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Hibernian is a monthly Irish magazine to “Faith, Family and Country”.[1] It was launched in May 2006, by Gerry McGeough, formerly a member of the Sinn Fein national executive, as editor, and Charles Byrne, a 28-year-old from Drogheda. ... For the Maltese football club see Hibernians F.C. Hibernian Football Club (informally known as Hibs) are a professional Scottish football club from Edinburgh. ... Four ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Hibernia after the Latin name of Ireland. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ... The National University of Ireland (NUI) is a federal university system of constituent universities, previously called constituent colleges, and recognised colleges set up under the Irish Universities Act, 1908, and significantly amended by the Universities Act, 1997. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...

One of the three realms in the MMORPG Dark Age of Camelot is named Hibernia, and Hibernia is also the name of a free MMORPG. An image from World of Warcraft, one of the largest commercial MMORPGs as of 2004, based on active subscriptions. ... Dark Age of Camelot is a 3D medieval fantasy MMORPG that revolves around the war between three realms at the end of King Arthurs rule: Arthurian-inspired Albion, Norse mythology inspired Midgard and Celtic Hibernia. ... An image from World of Warcraft, one of the largest commercial MMORPGs as of 2004, based on active subscriptions. ...

[edit] Notes

1. ^ Carson, R.A.G. and O'Kelly, Claire: A catalogue of the Roman coins from Newgrange, Co. Meath and notes on the coins and related finds, pages 35-55. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume 77, section C

[edit] See also

• Ireland
• Hibernophile