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A hiccup or hiccough (generally pronounced "HICK-cup" (IPA: /ˈhɪ.kəp/) independent of the spelling) is an involuntary spasm of the diaphragm; typically this repeats several times a minute. The sudden rush of air into the lungs causes the glottis to close, creating the "hic" listen (help·
info) noise. A bout of hiccups generally resolves by itself, although many home remedies are in circulation to shorten the duration, and medication is occasionally necessary. By extension, the term "hiccup" is also used to describe a small and unrepeated aberration in an otherwise consistent pattern. The medical term is singultus. The term singultus is becoming more popular as this condition is being recognized as a significant performance issue in the 21st century, with an increased emphasis on human communications. [citation needed]. The term symptom (from the Greek syn = con/plus and pipto = fall, together meaning co-exist) has two similar meanings in the context of physical and mental health: Strictly, a symptom is a sensation or change in health function experienced by a patient. ...
In medicine, a sign is a feature of disease as detected by the doctor during physical examination of a patient. ...
The following codes are used with International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ...
The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ...
IPA may refer to: The International Phonetic Alphabet or India Pale Ale ...
In the anatomy of mammals, the diaphragm is a shelf of muscle extending across the bottom of the ribcage. ...
AIR is a three-letter abbreviation with multiple meanings, as described below: The Annals of Improbable Research, a monthly magazine devoted to scientific humour All India Radio - Indias Government Radio service AIR, a popular electronica band from France. ...
The heart and lungs (from an older edition of Grays Anatomy) The lung is an organ belonging to the respiratory system and interfacing to the circulatory system of air-breathing vertebrates. ...
The space between the vocal cords is called the glottis. ...
Image File history File links Hiccupsound. ...
A home remedy is a treatment or cure for a disease or other ailment that employs certain foods or other common household items. ...
This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
The term communications is used in a number of disciplines: Communications, also known as communication studies is the academic discipline which studies communication, generally seen as a mixture between media studies and linguistics. ...
While many cases develop spontaneously, hiccups are known to develop often in specific situations, such as eating too quickly, taking a cold drink while eating a hot meal, eating very hot or spicy food, laughing vigorously or coughing, or drinking an excess of an alcoholic beverage. Hiccups may be caused by pressure to the phrenic nerve by other anatomical structures, or rarely by tumors and certain kidney disease. It is reported that 30% of chemotherapy patients suffer singultus as a side effect to treatment. (American Cancer Society) Bottles of cachaça, a Brazilian alcoholic beverage. ...
The phrenic nerve arises from the third, fourth, and fifth cervical spinal nerves (C3-C5) in humans. ...
Tumor (American English) or tumour (British English) originally means swelling, and is sometimes still used with that meaning. ...
Chemotherapy is the use of chemical substances to treat disease. ...
The American Cancer Society (ACS) is a medical organization in the United States. ...
It is still unclear to scientists exactly why hiccups occur, particularly because it doesn't seem to give us any specific benefit. Some speculation exists that hiccups are a remnant of a bodily function that has been phased out by evolution, such as the move from aquatic gilled creatures to land animals. Ultrasounds have also shown that unborn fetuses experience hiccups. Some suggested hypotheses include hiccups as a possible muscle exercise for the child's respiratory system prior to birth or as a preventive measure to keep amniotic fluid from entering the lungs[1]. More research is required to ascertain their true nature, origins, and purpose, if any. Additionally, its extraordinary and complex remedies also make it harder for any scientists to find out the cause. [citation needed]
Medical treatment
Referred to as singultus, hiccups are treated medically only in severe and persistent (termed "intractable") cases. Haloperidol (Haldol, an anti-psychotic and sedative), metoclopramide (Reglan, a gastrointestinal stimulant), and chlorpromazine (Thorazine, an anti-psychotic with strong sedative effects) are used in cases of intractable hiccups. In severe or resistant cases, baclofen (an anti-spasmodic) is sometimes required to suppress hiccups. Effective treatment with sedatives often requires a dose that either renders the person unconscious or highly lethargic. Hence, medicating singultus is done short-term and is not a situation where the affected individual could continue with normal life activities while taking the medication. Haloperidol (sold as Aloperidin®, Bioperidolo®, Brotopon®, Dozic®, Einalon S®, Eukystol®, Haldol®, Halosten®, Keselan®, Linton®, Peluces®, Serenace®, Serenase®, Sigaperidol®) is a conventional butyrophenone antipsychotic drug. ...
Metoclopramide (INN) (IPA: ) is a potent dopamine receptor antagonist used for its antiemetic and prokinetic properties. ...
Chlorpromazine was the first antipsychotic drug, used during the 1950s and 1960s. ...
Baclofen (brand names Kemstro® and Lioresal®) is a derivative of gamma-aminobutyric acid, and is a specific to GABAB receptors. ...
The New York Times reports that Dr. Bryan R. Payne, a neurosurgeon at the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center in New Orleans, has had some success with an experimental new procedure in which a vagus nerve stimulator is implanted in the upper chest of patients with an intractable case of hiccups. "It sends rhythmic bursts of electricity to the brain by way of the vagus nerve, which passes through the neck. The Food and Drug Administration approved the vagus nerve stimulator in 1997 as a way to control seizures in some patients with epilepsy. Last year, the agency endorsed the use of the stimulator as a treatment of last resort for people with severe depression" [2]. The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ...
Memorial Tower. ...
New Orleans is the largest city in the state of Louisiana, United States of America. ...
Lightning strikes during a night-time thunderstorm. ...
Comparative brain sizes In animals, the brain, or encephalon (Greek for in the head), is the control center of the central nervous system. ...
The vagus nerve (or pneumogastric nerve) is the tenth of twelve paired cranial nerves, and is the only nerve that starts in the brainstem (within the medulla oblongata) and extends, through the jugular foramen, down below the head, to the abdomen. ...
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Clinical depression is a state of sadness, melancholia or despair that has advanced to the point of being disruptive to an individuals social functioning and/or activities of daily living. ...
World record The world record for the longest continuous bout of hiccups (1922–1990) goes to Charles Osborne (1894–1991) from Anthon, Iowa. The hiccups started in 1922 at a rate of 40 times per minute, slowing to 20 and eventually stopping in February 1990 – a total of 68 years.[3] A world record is the best performance in a certain discipline, usually a sports event. ...
Charles Osborne (1894–1991) was a man from Anthon, Iowa, USA who was hiccupping for 68 years (1922-1990). ...
Anthon is a city located in Woodbury County, Iowa. ...
References - C. Straus, K. Vasilakos, RJA Wilson, et al., A phylogentic hypothesis for the origin of hiccoughs, In: Bioessays, Vol.25, 2003, S.182-188, Abstract
- Launois et al., Hiccup in adults:an overview, In: European Respiratory Journal, 1993, S.563-575, Abstract
- Davis J. Newsom, An experimental study of hiccup, In: Brain, 1970, Vol.93, S.851-72
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