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Encyclopedia > Higher education
The University of Cambridge is a prestigious institute of higher learning in the U.K.

Higher education refers to a level of education that is provided by universities, vocational universities, community colleges, liberal arts colleges, institutes of technology and other collegiate level institutions, such as vocational schools, trade schools and career colleges, that award academic degrees or professional certifications. Athletics: The Sporting Blue Affiliations: Russell Group Coimbra Group EUA LERU IARU Website: http://www. ... For the community in Florida, see University, Florida. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... A community college is a type of educational institution. ... A liberal arts college is an institution of higher education found in the United States, offering programs in the liberal arts at the post-secondary level. ... Institute of Technology is also the name of a vocational school in California. ... A vocational school, providing vocational education and also as referred to as a trade school or career college, and school is operated for the express purpose of giving its students the skills needed to perform a certain job or jobs. ... A degree is any of a wide range of status levels conferred by institutions of higher education, such as universities, normally as the result of successfully completing a program of study. ... A professional certification, trade certification, or professional designation (often called simply certification or qualification) is a designation earned by a person to assure that he/she is qualified to perform a job or task. ...


Since 1950, Article 2 of the first Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights obliges all signatory parties to guarantee the right to education. At the world level, the United Nations' International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966, guarantees this right under its Article 13, which states that "higher education shall be made equally accessible to all, on the basis of capacity, by every appropriate means, and in particular by the progressive introduction of free education". “ECHR” redirects here. ... Compulsory education is education which is required by the government, usually at the national level. ... UN redirects here. ... This page is a candidate to be moved to Wikisource. ...

Contents

Overview

Post-secondary or tertiary education, also referred to as third-stage, third level or higher education, is the non-compulsory educational level, following the completion of a school providing a secondary education, such as a high school, secondary school or gymnasium. Tertiary education is normally taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational education and training. Colleges and universities are the main institutions, that provide tertiary education (sometimes known collectively as tertiary institutions). Examples of institutions that provide post-secondary education are vocational schools, community colleges and universities in the United States, the TAFEs in Australia, CEGEPs in Quebec and the IEKs in Greece. They are sometimes known collectively as tertiary institutions. Tertiary education generally results in the receipt of certificates, diplomas or academic degrees. Secondary education - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Secondary school is a term used to describe an institution where the final stage of compulsory schooling, known as secondary education, takes place. ... A gymnasium (pronounced with or, in Swedish, as opposed to ) is a type of school providing secondary education in some parts of Europe, comparable to English Grammar Schools and U.S. High Schools. ... In some educational systems, undergraduate education is post-secondary education up to the level of a Bachelors degree. ... Degree ceremony at Cambridge. ... A blacksmith is a traditional trade. ... For other uses, see College (disambiguation). ... For the community in Florida, see University, Florida. ... A vocational school, providing vocational education and also as referred to as a trade school or career college, and school is operated for the express purpose of giving its students the skills needed to perform a certain job or jobs. ... A community college is a type of educational institution. ... For the community in Florida, see University, Florida. ... For the Texas educational association, see Texas Association of Future Educators. ... A CEGEP (IPA: or ; French: Cégep) is a post-secondary education institution exclusive to the province of Quebec in Canada. ... This article is about the Canadian province. ... IEK (Greek: Institouto Epagelmatikis Katartisis; Vocational Educational Institute) is a type of vocational education school in Greece. ... For other uses, see Public key certificate and certificate of deposit. ... Diploma from Mexico City College, 1948 (in Latin) A diploma (from Greek δίπλωµα diploma) is a certificate or deed issued by an educational institution, such as a university, that testifies that the recipient has successfully completed a particular course of study, or confers an academic degree. ... A degree is any of a wide range of status levels conferred by institutions of higher education, such as universities, normally as the result of successfully completing a program of study. ...

Higher education includes teaching, research and social services activities of universities; and within the realm of teaching, it includes both the undergraduate level (sometimes referred to as tertiary education) and the graduate (or postgraduate) level (sometimes referred to as graduate school). In the United Kingdom, post-secondary education below the level of higher education is referred to as further education. Higher education in that country generally involves work towards a degree-level or foundation degree qualification. Rupert I, the Red (German: ), Elector Palatine (Wolfratshausen, June 9, 1309 – February 1390 in Neustadt an der Weinstraße) was Count Palatine of the Rhine from 1353 to 1390. ... The Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg (German Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; also known as simply University of Heidelberg) was established in the town of Heidelberg in the Rhineland in 1386. ... Year 1386 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... In some educational systems, undergraduate education is post-secondary education up to the level of a Bachelors degree. ... Students attend a lecture at a tertiary institution. ... Degree ceremony at Cambridge. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Further education (often abbreviated FE) is post-secondary, post-compulsory education (in addition to that received at secondary school). ... The Foundation Degree is a vocational qualification introduced by the UK government in September 2001. ...


In most developed countries, a high proportion of the population (up to 50%), now enter higher education at some time in their lives. Higher education is therefore very important to national economies, both as a significant industry in its own right and as a source of trained and educated personnel for the rest of the economy.


There can be disagreement about what precisely constitutes post-secondary or tertiary education: "It is not always clear, though, what tertiary education includes. Is it only that which results in a formal qualification or might it include leisure classes? In the UK, are A-levels tertiary education as they are post-compulsory, but taught in school settings, as well as colleges? Is professional updating or on-the-job training part of tertiary education, even if it does not follow successful completion of secondary education?"[1]


There are two types of higher education in the UK: higher general education and higher vocational education. Higher education in the United States specifically refers to post-secondary institutions that offer associate degrees, baccalaureate degrees, master's degrees or Ph.D. degrees or equivalents. Such institutions may offer non-degree certificates, which indicate completion of a set of courses comprising some body of knowledge, but the granting of such certificates is not the primary purpose of the institution. Tertiary education is not a term used in reference to post-secondary institutions in the United States. A blacksmith is a traditional trade. ... A bachelors degree is usually an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course or major that generally lasts for three, four, or in some cases and countries, five or six years. ... Students attend a lecture at a tertiary institution. ...


Types

General

The general higher education and training that takes place in a university or college is usually theoretically inclined. In contrast, the vocational higher education and training that takes place at vocational universities and schools usually concentrates on both practice and applied theory. Additionally, professional education is included within higher education, as many postgraduate academic disciplines are vocationally and professionally oriented, such as social work, law and medicine. For the community in Florida, see University, Florida. ... For other uses, see College (disambiguation). ... The word theory has a number of distinct meanings in different fields of knowledge, depending on their methodologies and the context of discussion. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Practice is the act of rehearsing a behavior over and over, or engaging in an activity again and again, for the purpose of improving or mastering it, as in the phrase practice makes perfect. Sports teams practice to prepare for actual games. ... The word theory has a number of distinct meanings in different fields of knowledge, depending on their methodologies and the context of discussion. ... This article is about people called professionals. ... Degree ceremony at Cambridge. ... // An academic discipline, or field of study, is a branch of knowledge which is taught or researched at the college or university level. ... Social Workers are concerned with social problems, their causes, their solutions and their human impacts. ... For other uses, see Law (disambiguation). ... For the chemical substances known as medicines, see medication. ...


Liberal arts

Academic areas that may be included within the Liberal arts include: A liberal arts college is an institution of higher education found in the United States, offering programs in the liberal arts at the post-secondary level. ... In the history of education, the seven liberal arts comprise two groups of studies, the trivium and the quadrivium. ...

For other uses, see Law (disambiguation). ... This article is about (usually written) works. ... For other uses, see Philosophy (disambiguation). ... Religious studies is the designation commonly used in the English-speaking world for a multi-disciplinary, secular study of religion that dates to the late 19th century in Europe (and the influential early work of such scholars as Friedrich Max Müller, in England, and Cornelius P. Tiele, in the...

Performing arts

The performing arts differ from the plastic arts or visual arts, insofar as the former uses the artist's own body, face and presence as a medium; the latter uses materials such as clay, metal or paint, which can be molded or transformed to create a work of art. Education in the performing arts is a key part of many primary and secondary education curricula and is also available as a specialisation at the tertiary level. ... The performing arts are those forms of art which differ from the plastic arts insofar as the former uses the artists own body, face and presence as a medium, and the latter uses materials such as clay, metal or paint which can be molded or transformed to create some... Plastic Arts are those visual arts that involve the use of materials that can be moulded or modulated in some way, often in three dimensions. ... The Mona Lisa is one of the most recognizable artistic paintings in the Western world. ... Chinese Jade ornament with flower design, Jin Dynasty (1115-1234 AD), Shanghai Museum. ...


Higher educational institutions include:

A university school of music or college of music, or academy of music or conservatoire (British English) — also known as a conservatory (American English) or a conservatorium (Australian English) — is a higher education institution dedicated to teaching the art of music, including the playing of musical instruments, musical composition, musicianship... A dance studio is a studio which is established to teach dance. ... A Drama School is a higher education college which specialises in the vocational teaching of drama. ... Music education is a field of study associated with the teaching and learning of music. ...

Plastic or visual arts

The plastic arts or visual arts are a class of art forms, that involve the use of materials, that can be moulded or modulated in some way, often in three dimensions. Examples are painting, sculpture and drawing, etc. Art education is the area of learning that is based upon the visual, tangible arts—drawing, painting, sculpture, and design in jewelry, pottery, weaving, fabrics, etc and design applied to more practical fields such as commercial graphics and home furnishings. ... Marie Bashkirtseff, In the Studio, 1881, Dnipropetrovsk State Art Museum, Dnipropetrovsk. ... Plastic Arts are those visual arts that involve the use of materials that can be moulded or modulated in some way, often in three dimensions. ... The Mona Lisa is one of the most recognizable artistic paintings in the Western world. ... This article is about the philosophical concept of Art. ... For other uses , see Painting (disambiguation). ... Sculptor redirects here. ... For scale drawings or plans, see Plans (drawings). ...


Higher educational institutions are:

For the indie rock band, see Film School (band). ... // Art Academy of Cincinnati Art Center College of Design Art Institute of Boston California College of the Arts California Institute of the Arts Cleveland Institute of Art College for Creative Studies Columbus College of Art and Design Cooper Union Corcoran College of Art and Design Cornish College of the Arts... List of international architecture schools at colleges and universities: // Garyounis University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Benghazi, Libya. ...

Vocational

Higher vocational education and training takes place at the non-university tertiary level. Such education combines teaching of both practical skills and theoretical expertise. Higher education differs from other forms of post-secondary education such as that offered by institutions of vocational education, which are more colloquially known as trade schools. Higher vocational education might be contrasted with education in a usually broader scientific field, which might concentrate on theory and abstract conceptual knowledge. A Vocational university is an institution of higher education and sometime research, which grants Professional degrees like Professional Bachelor's degree, Professional Master's degree and Professional doctorates) in a variety of subjects. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... A vocational school, providing vocational education and also as referred to as a trade school or career college, and school is operated for the express purpose of giving its students the skills needed to perform a certain job or jobs. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... A blacksmith is a traditional trade. ... A vocational school, providing vocational education and also as referred to as a trade school or career college, and school is operated for the express purpose of giving its students the skills needed to perform a certain job or jobs. ... A magnet levitating above a high-temperature superconductor demonstrates the Meissner effect. ... The word theory has a number of distinct meanings in different fields of knowledge, depending on their methodologies and the context of discussion. ... For other uses, see Concept (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This article is about the concept. ... A first professional degree is a type of academic degree designed to prepare the holder for a particular profession by emphasizing practical skills over theory and analysis. ...


There are vocational universities in Applied sciences and Applied arts For the song by 311, see Grassroots Applied science is the exact science of applying knowledge from one or more natural scientific fields to practical problems. ... Example of a cup figuring a tortise. ...


Professional

A business school is a university-level institution that confers degrees in Business Administration. ... A journalism school is a school or department, usually part of an established university, where journalists are trained. ... // A law school is an institution where future lawyers obtain legal degrees. ... A library school is a type of institution, specializing in the training of librarians. ... Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center in Lubbock, Texas, USA. A medical school or faculty of medicine is a tertiary educational institution — or part of such an institution — that teaches medicine. ... Public policy schools teach students policy analysis/policy studies, public policy, public administration, and public affairs. ... A veterinary school is a tertiary educational institution, or part of such an institution, which is involved in the education of future veterinary practitioners (veterinarians). ...

Recognition of studies

The Lisbon Recognition Convention stipulates that degrees and periods of study must be recognised in all Signatory Parties of the Convention. The Lisbon Recognition Convention is an international convention for the Europe area of UNESCO. It stipulates that degrees and periods of study must be recognised unless substantial differences can be proven by the institution that is charged with recognition. ...


As employers

Universities are fairly large employers. Depending on the funding, a university typically has a teacher per 3-20 students. According to the ideal of research-university, the university teaching staff is actively involved in the research of the institution. In addition, the university usually also has dedicated research staff and a considerable support staff. Typically to work in higher education as a member of the academic faculty, a candidate must first obtain a doctorate in an academic field, although some lower teaching positions require only master's degree. Member of the staff or administration usually have education that is necessary for the fulfilment of their duties. Depending on the university, the main administration is more or less centralized. Typically most of the administrative staff works in different administrative sections, such as Student Affairs. In addition, there may be central support units, such as a university library which have a dedicated staff. A faculty is a division within a university. ... An academic administration is a branch of university or college employees responsible for the maintenance and supervision of the institution and separate from the faculty or academics, although some personnel may have joint responsibilities. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Julio Pérez Ferrero Library - Cúcuta, Colombia A modern-style library in Chambéry A library is a collection of information, sources, resources, and services: it is organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution, or a private individual. ...


The professional field involving the collection, analysis, and reporting of higher education data is called institutional research. Professionals in this field can be found, in addition to universities, in e.g. state educational departments. Overview Institutional research is a broad category of work done at colleges and universities to inform campus decision making and planning in areas such as admissions, financial aid, curriculum, enrollment, staffing, student life, finance, facilities, athletics, and alumni relations. ...


By region

Africa

This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The Egyptian educational system is highly centralized, and is divided into three stages: Basic Education - (Arabic:Marhalet Al-Taaleem Al-Asassi) Primary Stage Preparatory Stage Secondary Education (Marhalet ElTaaleem Al-Thanawi) Post-Secondary education Since the extension of the free compulsory education law in 1981 to include the preparatory phase... [[[Link title]]]In 2004 South Africa started reforming its higher education system, merging and incorporating small universities into larger institutions, and renaming all higher education institutions university (previously there had been several types of higher education institution). ... Ulugh Beg Madrasa, Samarkand, ca. ...

Asia

// Central Institute of English and Foreign Languages International Institute of Information Technology Mahatama Gandhi Institute of Technology Deccan College of Medical Sciences Osmania Medical College Sagiraju Rama Krishnam Raju Engineering College National Institute of Technology Sri Sai Jyothi Engineering College Bapatla Engineering College Vignan Engineering College Guntur Institute of Medical... The Peoples Republic of China has a nationwide system of public education, which includes primary schools, middle schools (lower and upper), and universities. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This is a list of colleges and universities in the Philippines. ... The following is a list of major universities in Pakistan, organized by subnational entities. ... Ulugh Beg Madrasa, Samarkand, ca. ...

Europe

The European Higher Education Area (EHEA) is the objective of the Bologna process - to create more comparable, compatible and coherent systems of higher education in Europe. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Many of the worlds oldest universities are located in Italy, in particular the University of Bologna (1088). ... According to its mission statement, the League of European Research Universities (LERU) is a group of European research-intensive universities committed to the values of high quality teaching within an environment of internationally competitive research. ... A listing of universities and major tertiary education institutions in France. ... The following is a list of universities and other higher educational institutions in Russia: // Academy of State Fire-Prevention Service of the MIA of Russia Academy of the National Economy attached to the Government of RF Adygeysky State University All-Russian Academy of Foreign Trade Altai State Technical University Altai... University of Helsinki University of Joensuu University of Jyväskylä University of Kuopio University of Lapland in Rovaniemi University of Oulu University of Tampere University of Turku University of Vaasa in Vaasa Åbo Akademi University in Turku Helsinki University of Technology Lappeenranta University of Technology Tampere University of Technology Helsinki... // Bucharest University of Bucharest Polytechnic University of Bucharest Universitatea Tehnică de ConstrucÅ£ii din BucureÅŸti Universitatea de Medicină ÅŸi Farmacie Carol Davila din BucureÅŸti Academia de Muzică din BucureÅŸti Universitatea de ÅžtiinÅ£e Agricole ÅŸi Medicină Veterinară Universitatea de Åžtiinte Agronomice din BucureÅŸti Universitatea de Jurnalism... This article is contains a list of Swedish universities and university colleges is based on the Higher Education Ordinance of 1993 (as amended until January 2006). ... // This is a partial list of universities in Ukraine, by city. ... Several of the worlds oldest universities are located in Spain, for example the University of Salamanca which was founded by King Alfonso IX of Leon in 1218. ... “British Universities” redirects here. ...

North America

Higher education in Canada describes the constellation of provincial higher education systems in Canada and their relationships with the federal government. ... Higher education in the United States refers to a variety of institutions of higher education in the United States. ... // This is a list of schools associated with United States overseas military operations in Europe and the Pacific, and in unincorporated U.S. territories. ... A listing of universities in Mexico: // Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN) Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH), Morelia, Michoacán Universidad de Colima (UCOL), Colima, Colima Universidad de Guanajuato Universidad de Quintana Roo Universidad de Sonora (Unison), Hermosillo, Sonora Universidad...

Oceania

This is a list of Australian universities and other higher education institutions in Australia. ... The following is a list of the universities of New Zealand: Auckland University of Technology (Auckland) Lincoln University (Lincoln, Canterbury) Massey University (Palmerston North, Albany, Wellington) University of Auckland (Auckland) University of Canterbury (Christchurch) University of Otago (Dunedin, Wellington) University of Waikato (Hamilton) Victoria University of Wellington (Wellington) University of... For the Texas educational association, see Texas Association of Future Educators. ...

South America

This is a list of public and private universities in Argentina, grouped by region and/or province. ... This is a list of universities in Brazil, divided by states. ... This is a listing of universities in Chile. ... This is a list of officially recognized public and private universities in Peru, sorted by region. ...

See also

Libraries are useful resources for adult learners. ... A first professional degree is a type of academic degree designed to prepare the holder for a particular profession by emphasizing practical skills over theory and analysis. ... The Foundation Degree is a vocational qualification introduced by the UK government in September 2001. ... Further education (often abbreviated FE) is post-secondary, post-compulsory education (in addition to that received at secondary school). ... The term liberal education has its origins in the medieval concept of the liberal arts , but now tends to be mainly associated with the application of Enlightenment liberalism. ... Lifelong learning is the concept that Its never too soon or too late for learning, a philosophy that has taken root in a whole host of different organisations. ... A professional certification, trade certification, or professional designation (often called simply certification or qualification) is a designation earned by a person to assure that he/she is qualified to perform a job or task. ...

Notes

  1. ^ Harvey, L. (2004). "Tertiary education". Analytic Quality Glossary. Quality Research International. http://www.qualityresearchinternational.com/glossary/tertiaryeducation.htm. Retrieved on 25 November 2008. 

References

Higher education in the United States
  • Bakvis, Herman and David M. Cameron (2000), "Post-secondary education and the SUFA". IRPP.
  • Commission Reports: A National Dialogue: The Secretary of Education's Commission on the Future of Higher Education, United States Department of Education, 2006. [1]
  • Davies, Antony and Thomas W. Cline (2005). The ROI on the MBA, BizEd.
  • Douglass, John A. and Todd Greenspan, eds. "The History of the California Master Plan for Higher Education."
  • El-Khawas, E. (1996). Campus trends. Washington, DC.: American Council on Education.
  • Ewell, P.T. (1999). Assessment of higher education and quality: Promise and politics. In S.J. Messick (Ed.), Assessment in higher education: Issues of access, quality, student development, and public policy. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Finn, C. E. (1988, Jul.-Aug.). Judgment time for higher education: In the court of public opinion. Change, 20(4), 34-39.
  • Forest, James and Kevin Kinser (2002). Higher Education in the United States: An Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.
  • Green, Madeleine, F., ed. 1988. Leaders for a New Era: Strategies for Higher Education. New York: Macmillan.
  • Snyder, Benson R. (1970). The Hidden Curriculum. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Spellings, Margaret, "A Test of Leadership: Charting the Future of U.S. Higher Education", A Report of the Commission Appointed by Secretary of Education Margaret Spellings, September 2006. (highlights of report)
  • Veblen, Thorstein (1918). The Higher Learning in America: A Memorandum on the Conduct of Universities by Businessmen. New York: Huebsch

David M. Cameron is Professor of Political Science at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia. ... The Lyndon Baines Johnson Department of Education Building[1]) , ED headquarters in Washington, DC A construction project to repair and update the building facade at the Department of Education Headquarters building in 2002 resulted in the installation of structures at all of the entrances to protect employees and visitors from...

External links


  Results from FactBites:
 
Higher education - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (677 words)
Higher education includes teaching,research and social services activities of universities, and within the realm of teaching, it includes both the undergraduate level (sometimes referred to as tertiary education) and the graduate (or postgraduate) level (sometimes referred to as graduate school).
However, most professional education is included within higher education, and many postgraduate qualifications are strongly vocationally or professionally oriented, for example in disciplines such as law and medicine.In most developed countries a high proportion of the population (up to 50%) now enter higher education at some time in their lives.
Higher education is therefore very important to national economies, both as a significant industry in its own right, and as a source of trained and educated personnel for the rest of the economy.
EUROPA - Education and Training - Higher education (720 words)
Higher education plays a central role in the development of both human beings and modern societies as it enhances social, cultural and economic development, active citizenship and ethical values.
At European level, education in general and higher education in particular are not subjects of a « common European policy » : competence for the content and the organisation of studies remains at national level.
At the same time, the higher education sector and institutions are fully involved in the European initiatives presently on-going in the field of e-learning, in the area of Lifelong Learning as well as in the European Year of Languages (2001).
  More results at FactBites »


 

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