Front page of the sheet music to the Mexican anthem The National Anthem of Mexico (Spanish: Himno Nacional Mexicano) was officially adopted in 1943. The lyrics of the national anthem, which allude to Mexican victories in the heat of battle and cries of defending the homeland, were composed by poet Francisco González Bocanegra in 1853, after his fiancée locked him in a room. In 1854, Jaime Nunó arranged the music which now accompanies González's poem. The anthem, consisting of ten stanzas and a chorus, entered into use on September 16, 1854. From 1854 until its official adoption, the lyrics underwent several modifications due to political changes in the country. Unofficially, the anthem is sometimes called "Mexicanos, al grito de guerra" (Spanish for "Mexicans, at the cry of war") which is also the first line of the chorus. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (560x706, 96 KB)The cover of the music sheet for the Mexican anthem. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (560x706, 96 KB)The cover of the music sheet for the Mexican anthem. ...
A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is evoking and eulogizing the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognized either by a nations government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ...
FRANCISCO GONZÃLEZ BOCANEGRA [1824-1861] Autor del Himno Nacional Nació el 8 de enero de 1824, en la ciudad de San Luis PotosÃ, siendo hijo de don José MarÃa González Yáñez, de nacionalidad española, militar al servicio del ejército realista, y de doña...
An engagement is an agreement by a couple to enter into marriage at some future time, usually accompanied by a formal or informal announcement to friends and family. ...
Jaime Nuno Roca (1824 - 1908) was a Spanish songwriter. ...
In poetry, a stanza is a unit within a larger poem. ...
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1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...
Composition
Lyrics competition
 Francisco González Bocanegra On November 12, 1853, President Antonio López de Santa Anna announced a competition to write a national anthem for Mexico. The competition offered a prize for the best poetic composition representing patriotic ideals. Francisco González Bocanegra, a talented poet, was not interested in participating in the competition. He argued that writing love poems involved very different skills from the ones required to write a national anthem. His fiancée, Guadalupe González del Pino (or Pili), had undaunted faith in her fiancé's poetic skills and was displeased with his constant refusal to participate in spite of her constant prodding and requests from their friends. Finally she decided to take matters into her own hands. Under false pretenses, she lured him to a secluded bedroom in her parents' house, locked him into the room, and refused to let him out until he produced an entry for the competition. Inside the room in which he was temporarily imprisoned were pictures depicting various events in Mexican history which helped to inspire his work. After four hours of fluent (albeit forced) inspiration, Francisco regained his freedom by slipping all ten verses of his creation under the door. After Francisco received approval from his fiancée and her father, he submitted the poem and won the competition by unanimous vote.[1] González was announced the winner in the publication Official Journal of the Federation (DOF) on February 3, 1854. Image File history File links Francisco_Gonzalez_Bocanegra. ...
Image File history File links Francisco_Gonzalez_Bocanegra. ...
Image File history File links Jaime_Nuno. ...
Image File history File links Jaime_Nuno. ...
November 12 is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1853 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
The President of the United Mexican States is the head of state of Mexico. ...
Antonio de Padua MarÃa Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón (21 February 1794 – 21 June 1876), also known simply as Santa Anna, was a Mexican political leader who greatly influenced early Mexican and Spanish politics and government, first fighting against independence from Spain...
FRANCISCO GONZÃLEZ BOCANEGRA [1824-1861] Autor del Himno Nacional Nació el 8 de enero de 1824, en la ciudad de San Luis PotosÃ, siendo hijo de don José MarÃa González Yáñez, de nacionalidad española, militar al servicio del ejército realista, y de doña...
The poor poet A poet is a person who writes poetry. ...
Guadalupe González del Pino (Pili) was the wife of Mexican composer Francisco González Bocanegra. ...
Mexico is a country of North America and the largest Castilian-speaking country in the world. ...
The Official Journal of the Federation (Spanish: Diario Oficial de la Federación, DOF) is the journal published by the government of Mexico. ...
February 3 is the 34th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...
Music competition At the same time the lyrics were chosen, a set of music was chosen. The winner was Juan Bottesini, but his entry was disliked due to aesthetics. This rejection caused a second national contest to find music for the lyrics.[2] At the end of the second contest, the music that was chosen for González's lyrics was composed by Jaime Nunó, a Spanish-born band leader. At the time of the second anthem competition, Nunó was the leader of several Mexican military bands. He had been invited to direct these bands by President Santa Anna, whom he had met in Cuba. About the time that Nunó first came to Mexico to start performing with the bands, Santa Anna was making his announcement about creating a national anthem for Mexico. Out of the few musical compositions submitted, Nunó's music, titled "God and Freedom" (Dios y libertad), was chosen as the winner on August 12, 1854.[3] The anthem was officially adopted on Independence Day, September 16 of that same year. The inaugural interpretation was directed by Juan Bottesini, sung by soprano Claudia Florenti and tenor Lorenzo Salvi at the Santa Anna Theatre (now known as the National Theatre of Mexico).[4][2] Juan Bottesini was an Italian maestro. ...
Antonio de Padua MarÃa Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón (21 February 1794 – 21 June 1876), also known simply as Santa Anna, was a Mexican political leader who greatly influenced early Mexican and Spanish politics and government, first fighting against independence from Spain...
August 12 is the 224th day of the year (225th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...
The Grito de Dolores was the call for the independence of Mexico given by Miguel Hidalgo on September 16, 1810 in the town of Dolores Hidalgo, near Guanajuato. ...
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Claudia Florenti was an Italian opera singer with the rank of magnificent soprano. ...
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Lorenzo Salvi is a tenor, born in Italy. ...
The National Theatre of Mexico is a building in Mexico City that host events that showcase the artistic and musical tallents of Mexico. ...
The National Theatre of Mexico (Teatro Nacional de México) is a theatre in Mexico City that host events that showcase the artistic and musical talents of Mexico. ...
Lyrics Officially since 1943, the full national anthem consists of the chorus, 1st stanza, 5th stanza, 6th stanza and 10th stanza. The modification of the lyrics was ordered by President Manuel Ávila Camacho in a decree printed in the Diario Oficial de la Federación.[5] When the anthem is played at sporting events, such as the Olympic Games, the only parts of the anthem that are played are the chorus, 1st stanza and the chorus. When opening and closing television and or radio programming, stations have sometimes played a modified national anthem consisting of the chorus, 1st stanza, chorus, 10th stanza and chorus. Term of office: 1 December 1940 – 1 December 1946 Preceded by: Lázaro Cárdenas del RÃo Succeeded by: Miguel Alemán Valdés Date of birth: 24 April 1897 Place of birth: Teziutlán, Puebla Date of death: 13 October 1955 Place of death: México State Profession...
The Official Journal of the Federation (Spanish: Diario Oficial de la Federación, DOF) is the journal published by the government of Mexico. ...
The five Olympic rings were designed in 1913, adopted in 1914 and debuted at the Games at Antwerp, 1920. ...
Notes: The word "Patria" in the Spanish language is the form of the English term of 'homeland.' This article is about the international language known as Spanish. ...
The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...
National Anthem of Mexico
| Coro:
Mexicanos, al grito de guerra
el acero aprestad y el bridón.
Y retiemble en sus centros la tierra,
al sonoro rugir del cañón.
¡Y retiemble en sus centros la tierra,
al sonoro rugir del cañón!
| Chorus:[3]
Mexicans, at the cry of war,
make ready the steel and the steed,
and may the earth tremble its centers
at the resounding roar of the cannon.
And may the earth tremble its centers
at the resounding roar of the cannon.
| | Estrofa I:
Ciña ¡oh Patria! tus sienes de oliva
de la paz el arcángel divino,
que en el cielo tu eterno destino
por el dedo de Dios se escribió.
Mas si osare un extraño enemigo
profanar con su planta tu suelo,
piensa ¡oh Patria querida! que el cielo
un soldado en cada hijo te dio.
| First Stanza:
Let gird, oh country, your brow with olive
by the divine archangel of peace,
for in heaven your eternal destiny
was written by the finger of God.
But if some enemy outlander should dare
to profane your ground with his step,
think, oh beloved country, that heaven
has given you a soldier in every son.
| | Estrofa V:
¡Guerra, guerra sin tregua al que intente
De la patria manchar los blasones!
¡Guerra, guerra! Los patrios pendones
En las olas de sangre empapad.
¡Guerra, guerra! En el monte, en el valle
Los cañones horrísonos truenen,
Y los ecos sonoros resuenen
Con las voces de ¡Unión! ¡Libertad!
| Stanza V:
War, war without quarter to any who dare
to tarnish the country's coat of arms!
War, war! Let the national banners
be soaked in waves of blood.
War, war! In the mountain, in the valley,
let the cannons thunder in horrid unison
and may the sonorous echoes resound
with cries of Union! Liberty!
| | Estrofa VI:
Antes, patria, que inermes tus hijos
Bajo el yugo su cuello dobleguen,
Tus campiñas con sangre se rieguen,
Sobre sangre se estampe su pie.
Y tus templos, palacios y torres
Se derrumben con hórrido estruendo,
Y sus ruinas existan diciendo:
De mil héroes la patria aquí fue.
| Stanza VI:
Oh country, ere your children, defenseless
bend their neck beneath the yoke,
may your fields be watered with blood,
may they leave their footprints in blood.
And may your temples, palaces and towers
collapse with horrid clamor,
and their ruins continue on, saying:
Of a thousand heroes, this country was.
| | Estrofa X:
¡Patria! ¡Patria! Tus hijos te juran
Exhalar en tus aras su aliento,
Si el clarín con su bélico acento
los convoca a lidiar con valor.
¡Para ti las guirnaldas de oliva!
¡Un recuerdo para ellos de gloria!
¡Un laurel para ti de victoria!
¡Un sepulcro para ellos de honor!
| Stanza X:
Oh, country, country, your children swear to you
to breathe their last for your sake,
if the bugle with its warlike accent
should call them to fight with courage.
For you the olive wreathes!
A memory for them of glory!
For you a laurel of victory!
A tomb for them of honor!
|
Copyright status An urban legend about the copyright status of the anthem states that years after its first performance, Nunó's family sold the musical rights to a German music publishing company named Wagner House. Originally, Nunó was supposed to have turned the music rights over to the state in exchange for a prize from the Mexican government. However, according to the myth, the copyright changed hands again, this time to Nunó himself and two Americans, Harry Henneman and Phil Hill.[6]
In reality, however, this is not entirely correct. It is true that Nuno, Henneman and Hill did register the music with the company BMI (BMI Work #568879), with the Edward B. Marks Music Company as the listed publisher of the anthem.[7] This might be the version that some have suggested is copyrighted in the United States.[8] However, United States copyright law declares the Mexican anthem to be in the public domain inside the United States, since both the lyrics and music were published before 1909.[9] Furthermore, under Mexican copyright law, Article 155 states that the government holds moral rights, but not property rights, of the national symbols, including the anthem, coat of arms and the national flag.[10] Broadcast Music Incorporated (BMI) is a collecting society that protects composers intellectual property in the communications business, especially radio. ...
United States copyright law governs the legally enforceable rights of creative and artistic works in the United States. ...
The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...
1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...
Moral rights are rights of creators of copyrighted works generally recognized in civil law jurisdictions and first recognized in France and Germany, before they were included in the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works in 1928. ...
The Coat of Arms of Mexico has been an important symbol of Mexican politics and culture for centuries. ...
The Flag of Mexico is a vertical tricolor of green, white, and red with the national coat of arms charged in the center of the white stripe. ...
National regulations In the second chapter of the Law on the National Arms, Flag, and Anthem (Ley sobre el Escudo, la Bandera y el Himno Nacionales), the national anthem is described in very brief terms. While Articles 2 and 3 discuss in detail the coat of arms and the flag, respectively, Article 4 mentions only that the national anthem will be designated by law. Article 4 also mentions that a copy of the lyrics and the musical notation will be kept at two locations, the General National Archive and at the National Library, located in the National Museum of History (Biblioteca Nacional en el Museo Nacional de Historia). The Law on the National Coat of Arms, Flag and Anthem (Spanish: Ley sobre el Escudo, la Bandera y el Himno Nacionales) is a set of rules and guidelines passed by the Mexican government on the display and use of the flag (bandera), coat of arms (escudo) and the anthem...
The Coat of Arms of Mexico has been an important symbol of Mexican politics and culture for centuries. ...
The Flag of Mexico is a vertical tricolor of green, white, and red with the national coat of arms charged in the center of the white stripe. ...
The General National Archive (Spanish: Archivo General de la Nación) is charged by the Mexican state to be the governing body of the national archives and the central consultative entity of the Federal Executive. ...
Aerial view of the Chapultepec Castle and the Monument of the Heroic Cadets. ...
Chapter 5 of the Law goes into more detail about how to honor, respect and properly perform the national anthem:
Article 38 states that the singing, playing, reproduction and circulation of the national anthem are regulated by law and that any interpretation of the anthem must be performed in a "respectful way and in a scope that allows [one] to observe the due solemnity" of the anthem.
Article 39 prohibits the anthem from being altered in any fashion, prohibits it from being sung for commercial or promotional purposes, and also disallows the singing or playing of national anthems from other nations, unless you have permission from the Secretary of the Interior (Secretaría de Gobernación) and the diplomatic official from the nation in question.
The Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Public Education (Secretaría de Educación Publica), in Article 40, must grant permission for all reproductions of the national anthem to be produced, unless the anthem is being played during official ceremonies carried on the radio or television.
Article 41 states that the national anthem is required to be played at the beginning or end of radio and television programming. The extra requirement for television programming is that photos of the Mexican flag must be displayed at the same time the anthem is playing. Image File history File links Himno_Nacional_Mexicano_XEJTV_2006. ...
Image File history File links Himno_Nacional_Mexicano_XEJTV_2006. ...
The Law on the National Coat of Arms, Flag and Anthem (Spanish: Ley sobre el Escudo, la Bandera y el Himno Nacionales) is a set of rules and guidelines passed by the Mexican government on the display and use of the flag (bandera), coat of arms (escudo) and the anthem...
Article 42 states that the anthem may only be used during the following occasions: solemn acts of official, civic, cultural, scholastic or sport character. The anthem can also be played to render honors to the Mexican flag and to the President of Mexico. If the national anthem is being used to honor the national flag or the President, the short version of the anthem is played. The President of the United Mexican States is the head of state of Mexico. ...
Article 43 says that special musical honors may be paid to the President and the flag, but no more than once during the same ceremony.
Article 44 says that during solemn occasions, if a choir is singing the anthem, the military bands will keep silent.
Article 45 says that those who are watching the national anthem performance must stand at attention (firmes) and remove any headgear.
Article 46 states that the national anthem must be taught to children who are attending primary or secondary school; this article was amended in 2005 to add pre-school to the list. The article also states that each school in the National Education System (Sistema Educativo Nacional) will be asked to sing the national anthem each year.
Article 47 states that during an official welcoming ceremony for a head of state, the guest's anthem will be played first, then the Mexican anthem.
Article 48 states that at embassies and consulates of Mexico, the national anthem is played at ceremonies of a solemn nature that involves the Mexican people. If the anthem is played outside of Mexico, Article 48 requires that the Secretary of External Relations (Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores), through proper channels, must grant permission for the national anthem to be played and will also ensure that the anthem is not sung for commercial purposes.[11]
Cultural significance Upon the writing of the anthem, Mexico was still facing the effects of a defeat in a war with the United States. The country felt demoralized and also divided, due to the loss of more than half of the territory to the United States. According to historian Javier Garciadiego, who spoke at a ceremony commemorating the 150th anniversary of the anthem's adoption, said that the anthem disregards divisions and strife and encourages national unity. Also, during the celebration in 2004, Mexico City and other parts of the country stopped what they were doing and performed a nationwide singing of the anthem. Individuals from other nations participated, mostly at diplomatic offices or at locations where a high concentration of Mexican expatriates are found. The anthem has also been described as one of the symbols of the "Mexican identity".[8] Combatants United States Mexico Commanders Zachary Taylor Winfield Scott Stephen W. Kearney Antonio López de Santa Anna Mariano Arista Pedro de Ampudia José Mariá Flores Strength 78,790 soldiers 18,000–40,000 soldiers Casualties KIA: 1733 Total dead: 13,271 Wounded: 4,152 AWOL: 9,200+ 25,000...
shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
On the rare occasions when someone performs the anthem incorrectly, the federal government has been known to impose penalties to maintain the "dignity" of the national symbols. One example is when a performer forgot some of the lyrics at a soccer match in Guadalajara, she was fined 40 USD by the Interior Ministry and released an apology letter to the country through the Interior Ministry.[12] In addition, the anthem is sometimes used as a tool against people who might not be "true Mexicans". In one case, minority groups, such as the Black Mexicans, have been stopped by police and forced to sing the anthem to prove their nationality.[13] In a separate incident in Japan, police officers asked four men to sing the Mexican anthem after they were arrested in Tokyo on charges of breaking and entering. However, when the men could not sing the anthem, it was discovered that they were Colombian nationals holding forged Mexican passports. They were later charged with more counts on theft of merchandise and money.[14] Football (soccer) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...
Nickname: Coordinates: Country Mexico State Jalisco Foundation 1542 Government - Mayor Alfonso Petersen Farah ( PAN) Area - City 187. ...
The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ...
The term Black Mexican is how Americans refer to Mexican citizens who are of African descent. ...
, literally Eastern capital) is a unique subnational administrative region of Japan with characteristics of both a prefecture and a city. ...
Other languages While the de facto language of Mexico is Spanish, there are still people who only speak indigenous languages. On December 8, 2005, Article 39 of the national symbols law was adopted to allow for the translation of the lyrics into the native languages. The official translation is performed by the National Institute of Indigenous Languages (Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas).[15] De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without...
Mexico has a surprising lingusitic diversity; apart from Spanish, the government recognizes 62 Indigenous Amerindian languages as national languages. ...
is the 342nd day of the year (343rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Officially, the national anthem has been translated into the following native languages: Chinanteco, Hña Hñu, Mixteco, Maya, Nahuatl and Tenek. Other native groups have translated the anthem into their respective language, but it has not been sanctioned by the Government.[16] The Chinantecs are an indigenous people that lives in Oaxaca and Veracruz, Mexico, especially in the districts of Cuicatlán, Ixtlán de Juarez, Tuxtepec and Choapan. ...
The Otomi language is an indigenous language of Mexico, spoken across a number of central Mexican states by the ethnic group widely known as the Otomi but who refer to themselves as Hñähñu (or similar, depending on the language variant). ...
Jade mask found in Tomb 7, Monte Alban, c. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Nahuatl is a native language of central Mexico. ...
The Wastek or Huastec language is a Mayan language of Mexico, spoken by the Huastecs living in rural areas of San Luis Potosà and northern Veracruz. ...
Recordings Image File history File links Himno_nacional_mexicano_coral. ...
Software development stages In computer programming, development stage terminology expresses how the development of a piece of software has progressed and how much further development it may require. ...
Image File history File links Himno_nacional_mexicano_instrumental. ...
Software development stages In computer programming, development stage terminology expresses how the development of a piece of software has progressed and how much further development it may require. ...
The United States Navy (USN) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for conducting naval operations. ...
Sheet music First page of music and lyrics Image File history File links Download high resolution version (476x639, 99 KB) The text and musical notation of the Mexican national anthem, sheet one. ...
| Second page of music and lyrics Image File history File links Himno_mexicanos_text2. ...
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References - ^ David Kendall National Anthems - Mexico
- ^ a b Embassy of Mexico in Serbia and Montenegro Mexican Symbols - Himo. Retrieved Mar. 19, 2006.
- ^ a b President of the Republic - National Anthem for Kids. Retrieved Mar. 15, 2006.
- ^ Secretary of External Relations History of the Mexican Anthem. Retrieved Mar. 15, 2006. (Spanish)
- ^ Administration of Ernesto Zedillo National Symbols of Mexico. Retrieved Mar. 15, 2006.
- ^ LA Weekly DON'T CRY FOR ME, MEXICO; Article about the copyright situation. Sept. 22, 1999.
- ^ BMI Repretoire Himno Nacional Mexicano (BMI Work #568879). Retrieved Mar. 16, 2006.
- ^ a b San Diego Union Tribune Mexicans celebrate 150 years of national anthem with worldwide sing-along Sept. 15, 2004. Retrieved Mar. 15, 2006.
- ^ US Copyright Office Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States. Retrieved Mar. 16, 2006
- ^ Secretary of Education Mexican Copyright Law. Retrieved Mar. 15, 2006 (Spanish)
- ^ Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas de la UNAM Ley sobre el Escudo, la Bandera y el Himno Nacionales. Retrieved Mar. 15, 2006. (Spanish)
- ^ Associated Press Woman fined for bungling Mexican anthem. October 2004. Retrieved Mar. 20, 2006.
- ^ College Street Journal FP Antonieta Gimeno Attends Conference on Black Mexicans. Retrieved Mar. 20, 2006.
- ^ ABC News Online Japanese police catch Colombian thieves out. Jun 15, 2004. Retrieved Mar. 20, 2006.
- ^ Diario Oficial de la Federación - Decree allowing for translation of the anthem into native languages. Dec. 7, 2005. Retrieved Jan. 11, 2006
- ^ Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas Himno Nacional Mexicano en lenguas indígenas
The San Diego Union-Tribune is a daily newspaper published in San Diego, California by the Copley Press. ...
The Associated Press, or AP, is an American news agency, the worlds largest such organization. ...
The Official Journal of the Federation (Spanish: Diario Oficial de la Federación, DOF) is the journal published by the government of Mexico. ...
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