NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Hindu reform movements

Hinduism is going through a phase of regeneration and reform^{[citation needed]} through the vehicle of several contemporary movements, collectively termed as Hindu reform movements. Although these movements are very individual in their exact philosophies they generally stress the spiritual, secular and logical/scientific aspects of the Vedic traditions, creating a form that is egalitarian that does not discriminate based on Jāti (caste or subcaste), gender, or race. Vedic may refer to: Ancient India the Vedic civilization the Vedas, the oldest preserved Indo-Aryan texts Vedic Sanskrit, their language (see also Vedic meter, Vedic accent, Vedic chant and Shrauta) the historical Vedic religion traditional Hindu culture: Vedic astrology the Ayurveda (Vedic medicine) Ancient Vedic weights and measures modern... JÄtis (the word literally means births) comprise the subcastes found within the four major castes, or varnas, of the Indian caste system. ... Gender in common usage refers to the sexual distinction between male and female. ... For other uses, see Race (disambiguation). ...

Introduction

Active Hindu communities are to be found in all parts of the world. In particular, countries of the former Soviet Union and Poland have thriving Hindu communities due to the missionary work of the Hare Krishnas. Most of the Hindu movements, with the exception of the Hare Krishna movement, reflect a more Smarta-like ideology. Hare Krishna Mantra in Devanagari. ... Smarta is a Hindu follower of Smartism. ...

There are groups in India that are actively engaged in getting women and those from socially disadvantaged jātis to become priests of Vedic ritual. JÄtis (the word literally means births) comprise the subcastes found within the four major castes, or varnas, of the Indian caste system. ... Hinduism (known as in modern Indian languages) is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. ...

One of the foremost movements in breaking the caste system and educating the downtrodden was the Lingayat movement spearheaded by Basavanna in the 12th century in Anubhava Mantapa in Kalyani of Karnataka. The less accessible Vedas were rejected and parallel Vachanas were compiled. Basaveshvara Shree Basava (also known as Basaveshwara or Basavanna) is known as the reviver of the Veerashaiva (Lingayats) religion in India. ... Anubhava Mantapa (Kannada: à²…à²¨à³à²à²µ à²®à²‚à²Ÿà²ª) was an academy of mystics, saints and philosophers of the Veerashaiva faith in the 12th century. ... Basavakalyan is a town in Bidar District of the state of Karnataka, India. ... KarnÄtakÄ (Kannada: à²•à²¨à²¾à³¯à²Ÿà²•) (IPA: ) is one of the four southern states of India. ... The Vedas (Sanskrit: à¤µà¥‡à¤¦) are a large corpus of texts originating in Ancient India. ... Vachanas are a form of Kannada poetry and, according to the 20th century scholars, closely linked to the social revolution lead by Basaveshvara, Allama Prabhu and Akka Mahadevi. ...

The new movements look up to Swami Vivekananda; Rabindranath Tagore;Ramana Maharshi; Shri Aurobindo (for his Integral Yoga); A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (founder of the modern Hare Krishna movement); Swami Sivananda, Swami Ramatirtha; Narayana Guru, Paramhansa Yogananda; Shrii Shrii Anandamurti and for inspiration. More recently, the work of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, Sathya Sai Baba, Shirdi Sai Baba, Swami Muktananda, Swami Chinmayananda, Dayananda Saraswati, Sri Sri Ravi Shankar, and Ammachi has inspired millions to create new centers of spiritual development. In the intellectual field, the writings of Ananda Coomaraswamy, Ram Swarup, Stephen Knapp, Sita Ram Goel, Subhash Kak and David Frawley have been influential. Swami Vivekananda (Bengali: Shami Bibekanondo) (January 12, 1863 - July 4, 1902), whose pre-monastic name was Narendranath Dutta ( NÃ´rendrÃ´nath DÃ´t-tÃ´), was one of the most famous and influential spiritual leaders of the philosophies of Vedanta and Yoga and a major figure in the history of Hinduism... (Bengali: , IPA: ) (7 May 1861 â€“ 7 August 1941), also known by the sobriquet Gurudev, was a Bengali poet, Brahmo Samaj philosopher, visual artist, playwright, novelist, and composer whose works reshaped Bengali literature and music in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. ... Sri Ramana Maharshi (December 30, 1879 â€“ April 14, 1950) was a Hindu Sage. ... Śrī Aurobindo Śrī Aurobindo (August 15, 1872–December 5, 1950) was an Indian nationalist, scholar, poet, Hindu mystic, Evolutionary philosopher, yogi and guru. ... A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (September 1, 1896â€“November 14, 1977) was born Abhay Charan De, in Kolkata, West Bengal. ... Hare Krishna Mantra in Devanagari. ... Swami Sivananda Saraswati (1887-1963), as he is known under his monastic name, was born Kuppuswamy in Pattamadai, Tamil Nadu, India. ... Swami Rama Tirtha (स्‍वामी रामतीर्थ) (1873-1906) was one of the greatest spiritual figures of modern India. ... Narayana Guru It has been suggested that the section Sri Narayana Guru from the article Ezhava be merged into this article or section. ... Paramahansa Yogananda (परमहंस योगानन्‍द) (1893-1952) was born Mukunda Lal Ghosh in Gorakhpur, India, into a devout and prosperous Bengali family. ... ... Maharishi Mahesh Yogi (b. ... Sathya Sai Baba (born Sathyanarayana Raju on November 23, 1926,[1][2] or later than 1927 â€” with the family name of Ratnakara) is a guru from southern India, religious leader, orator and philosopher often described as a godman[3][4] and a miracle worker. ... This article is about the original, turn of the century Shirdi Sai Baba from Bombay state (now Maharashtra). ... Swami Muktananda (à¤¸à¥â€à¤µà¤¾à¤®à¥€ à¤®à¥à¤•à¥à¤¤à¤¾à¤¨à¤¨à¥â€à¤¦) (1908-1982) is the monastic name of an Indian guru. ... Image:Swami Chinmayananda. ... Swami Dayananda Saraswati (à¤¦à¤¯à¤¾à¤¨à¤¨à¥â€à¤¦ à¤¸à¤°à¤¸à¥â€à¤µà¤¤à¥€) was born in Tamil Nadu. ... Sri Sri Ravi Shankar (born : May 13, 1956) is an Indian spiritual master (Guru). ... MÄtÄ AmritanandamayÄ« Devi (Devanagiri: à¤®à¤¾à¤¤à¤¾ à¤…à¤®à¥ƒà¤¤à¤¾à¤¨à¤¨à¥â€à¤¦à¤®à¤¯à¥€, Malayalam: à´®à´¾à´¤à´¾ à´…à´®àµƒà´¤à´¾à´¨à´¨àµà´¦à´®à´¯à´¿; born September 27, 1953) is an Indian spiritual leader revered as a saint by her followers, who also know her as Amma, Ammachi or Mother. She is a widely respected humanitarian and called by some the hugging saint.[1] // Amritanandamayi was born Sudhamani in... Dr. A.K. Coomaraswamy // Life of Dr. A.K. Coomaraswamy Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy (22 August 1877 Colombo - 9 September 1947 Needham, Massachusetts) was the son of the famous Sri Lankan legislator and philosopher Sir Mutu Coomaraswamy and his English wife Elizabeth Beeby. ... Ram Swarup (à¤°à¤¾à¤® à¤¸à¥â€à¤µà¤°à¥‚à¤ª) (1920 - December 26, 1998) was an influential ideologue for the Hindutvamovement. ... Stephen Knapp is an author. ... Sita Ram Goel (DevanÄgarÄ«: à¤¸à¥€à¤¤à¤¾ à¤°à¤¾à¤® à¤—à¥‹à¤¯à¤², SÄ«tÄ RÄm Goyal) (1921â€“2003), author and publisher, is an important figure amongst late 20th century Hindu thinkers. ... Subhash Kak (à¤¸à¥à¤à¤¾à¤· à¤•à¤¾à¤•) (born March 26, 1947, Srinagar, Kashmir) is Delaune Distinguished Professor of Electrical Engineering and Professor in the Asian Studies and Cognitive Science Programs at Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge. ... Dr. David Frawley (born 1950 in Wisconsin, U.S.A.) is currently one of the worlds leading authors on Hinduism (Sanatana Dharma), Yoga, Ayurveda, and contemporary Indian politics. ...

In social work, Mahatma Gandhi, Vinoba Bhave, Pandurang Shastri Athavale, Baba Amte and Shrii Shrii Anandamurti have been most important. Sundarlal Bahuguna created the chipko movement for the preservation of forestlands according to the Hindu ecological ideas. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Gujarati: , Hindi: , IAST: mohandÄs karamcand gÄndhÄ«, IPA: ) (October 2, 1869 â€“ January 30, 1948), was a major political and spiritual leader of India and the Indian independence movement. ... Vinoba Bhave, born Vinayak Narahari Bhave (September 11, 1895 - November 15, 1982) often called Acharya (In Sanskrit and Hindi means teacher), is considered as a National Teacher of India and the spiritual successor of Mahatma Gandhi. ... Pandurang Shastri Vaijnath Athavale (Gujarati: , Marathi: ) (October 19, 1920 â€“ October 25, 2003), known as dada (Gujarati: , Marathi: ), meaning elder brother in marathi) A philosopher and social reformer who gave discourses upon Srimad Bhagawad Geeta and Upnishads. ... Murlidhar Devidas Amte (born December 24, 1914), or Baba Amte, as he is fondly known, was born in Wardha in a family of jagirdars. ... ... Sundarlal Bahuguna is a noted activist and philosopher in the tradition of Mahatma Gandhi and an environmentalist who has fought for the preservation of forests in the Himalayas as a member of the Chipko movement. ...

The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh or RSS was founded Keshav Baliram Hegdewar in 1925. The goal was to unite Hindus, make them rise over their caste differences and work to achieve a Hindu Rashtra; the ideology of the Sangh, closely associated with political Hinduism, came to be known as Hindutva. The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (Hindi: , English: ), also known as the Sangh or the RSS, is a Hindu nationalist organization in India. ... Keshava Baliram Hedgewar ( à¤•à¥‡à¤¶à¤µ à¤¬à¤¾à¤²à¥€à¤°à¤¾à¤® à¤¹à¥‡à¤¡à¤—à¤¾à¤µà¤¾à¤° )(Nagpur, India April 1, 1889 â€“ Nagpur, India June 21, 1940) was the founder of Hindu nationalist organization Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS). ... In many Indian languages, Raj literally means Prince or Royalty though is often used to mean something more like the English term of empire and as such is often used in reference to the Mughal Raj and the British Raj: the period of direct colonial rule of India by the... The Sangh Parivar is a loose family of organizations, which promote the ideology of Hindutva. ... For Veer Savarkars book Hindutva, see Hindutva. ...

In Indonesia several movements favour a return to Hinduism in Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi. Balinese Hinduism, known as Agama Hindu Dharma, has witnessed great resurgence in recent years. Hinduism (known as in modern Indian languages) is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. ... Java (Indonesian, Javanese, and Sundanese: Jawa) is an island of Indonesia, and the site of its capital city, Jakarta. ... Sumatra (also spelled Sumatera) is the sixth largest island in the world (approximately 470,000 kmÂ²) and is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two larger islands, Borneo and New Guinea, are partially in Indonesia). ... Kalimantan is the Indonesian part of the island of Borneo. ... Location of Sulawesi Island (light green) among the various islands of Indonesia. ... Bali is an Indonesian island located at , the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands, lying between Java to the west and Lombok to the east. ... Agama Hindu Dharma - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...

Shrii Prabhat Rainjan Sarkar (founder of Ananda Marga) initiated a new renaissance in the Indian world of samgeet.

Hinduism and the West

Since the counter-culture revolution of the 1960s, there have been an increasing number of Western devotees of various Hindu lineages and practices. These have come about not only through the Hare Krishnas, but also through the Universalist teachings of such Hindu figures as Sri Ramakrishna, and the yoga teachings of B.K.S. Iyengar. The growing number of Indian immigrants relocating into the West, and the subsequent building of Hindu temples to meet the spiritual needs of these newly established Hindu communities, has also resulted in Westerns having ready access to traditional teachings.^{[citation needed]} Many Western converts were introduced to Hinduism after attending the Western temples and then embracing the tradition. There can also be no doubt that the fitness revolution's ecstatic love-affair with yoga in the 1990s has helped spur on new interest in the teachings of Hinduism in the West. The 1960s decade refers to the years from January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1969, inclusive. ... Hare Krishna Mantra in Devanagari. ... Sri Thakur Gadadhar Chattopadhyaya Ramakrishna Paramahamsa (February 18, 1836 - August 16, 1886) was a Bengali saint. ... A photograph of B.K.S. Iyengar B.K.S. Iyengar, (aka Yogacharya B.K.S. Iyengar) born Bellur Krishnamachar Sundararaja Iyengar, December 14, 1918, in India, is founder of Iyengar Yoga and one of the most respected yoga teachers in the world. ...

More and more texts are being written by Western-born Hindu converts specifically for a new Western audience, the vast bulk of which have little to no experience with Sanskrit which renders traditional literature all but useless. Some of the more notable instructional texts are the Shaivistic teaching series of the Western-born Satguru Sivaya Subramuniyaswami's Himalayan Academy, which includes a book on how to convert to Hinduism. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

Along with the traditional Hindu lineages that are opening their doors to Westerners, there are also many non-traditional spiritualities that are also embracing the beliefs and practices of Hinduism to varying extents. The Unitarian Universalist Church often makes room in their schedule to host events tied to Hindu holidays and celebrations, during which non-Hindus can learn more about the tradition and begin to take part in the observances. There are also several Neopagan and Wiccan traditions, such as SHARANYA, which teach traditional Shakta Tantra within a Western, Wicca-influenced context. The flaming chalice is the universally recognized symbol for Unitarian Universalism. ... Neopaganism or Neo-Paganism is any of a heterogeneous group of new religious movements, particularly those influenced by ancient, primarily pre-Christian and sometimes pre-Judaic religions. ... The pentagram within a circle, a symbol of faith used by many Wiccans, sometimes called a pentacle. ...

The German Indologist Axel Michaels in his 1998 book about Hinduism distinguished founding, proselytizing religions, "guru-ism" as religious groups originating in India, but also widespread in the West, founded by charismatic persons with a corpus of esoteric writings of gurus predominantly in English: Maharishi Mahesh Yogi and Transcendental Meditation, Sathya Sai Baba and the Sri Sathya Sai Organization, Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada and ISKCON, Guru Maharaj Ji and the Divine Light Mission, Rajneesh Chandra Mohan and the Sannyasi movement in Poona, et cetera. These founding, proselytizing religions, "guru-ism" are according to the book one of the three subgroups of founded religions of Hinduism. The other two being sectarian religions and syncretically founded religions. The founded religions in turn are, according to the book, one of the three Hindu religions that comprise Hinduism. The other two Hindu religions that comprise Hinduism are Brahmanic-Sanskritic Hinduism, and folk religions and religions of social communities (subcastes, castes, tribes); Hindu folk or tribal religions.^[1] Indology refers to the academic study of the history, languages, and cultures of the Indian subcontinent, and as such a subset of Asian studies. ... Hinduism (known as in modern Indian languages) is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. ... The West can refer to : The U.S. West or the American West The Western world, or Western Civilization. ... The word charisma (from the Greek word Ï‡Î¬ÏÎ¹ÏƒÎ¼Î± (kharisma), gift or divine favor, from kharizesthai, to favor, from kharis, favor: see also charism) refers to a rare trait found in certain human personalities usually including extreme charm and a magnetic quality of personality and/or appearance along with innate and powerfully... Look up Esotericism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Maharishi Mahesh Yogi (b. ... // Transcendental Meditation or TM is a trademarked meditation technique introduced in 1958 by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi that involves the mental use of specific sounds, called mantras. ... Sathya Sai Baba (born Sathyanarayana Raju on November 23, 1926,[1][2] or later than 1927 â€” with the family name of Ratnakara) is a guru from southern India, religious leader, orator and philosopher often described as a godman[3][4] and a miracle worker. ... Srila Prabhupada under a painting of Krishna A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (September 1, 1896–November 14, 1977) was born Abhay Charan De, in Calcutta, West Bengal. ... The International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) is a new religious movement based on Bengali, or more specifically Gaudiya, Vaishnavism founded by A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, referred to by followers as His Divine Grace, in New York in 1966. ... Prem Pal Singh Rawat (born December 10, 1957 in Dehradun near Haridwar, India) is a sometimes controversial figure whose teachings purport to promote inner peace through four meditative techniques or kriyas that he collectively calls the Knowledge and which he brought to the West and promotes in both the West... The Divine Light Mission (DLM) was founded by the Shri Hans Ji Maharaji in Northern India in 1960 and registered in Patna. ... Rajneesh Chandra Mohan Jain (December 11, 1931 - January 19, 1990), better known during the 1970s as Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh and later as Osho, lived in India and the United States and was the founder and leader of the Osho-Rajneesh movement, a controversial new religious movement. ... Rajneesh Chandra Mohan Jain (December 11, 1931 - January 19, 1990), better known during the 1970s as Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh and later as Osho, lived in India and the United States and was the founder and leader of the Osho-Rajneesh movement, a controversial new religious movement. ... Pune, formerly called Poona, is the second largest city (after Mumbai) in the state of Maharashtra, India. ... Syncretism consists of the attempt to reconcile disparate or contradictory beliefs, often while melding practices of various schools of thought. ... This page deals with the Hindu varnas. ... The Sanskrit language ( , for short ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... Caste systems are traditional, hereditary systems of social restriction and social stratification, enforced by law or common practice, based on endogamy, occupation, economic status, race, ethnicity, etc. ...

See also

Scope The article presents a comparative overview of the leading Hindu organisations of India. ... // Hinduism is religion founded 5,000 years ago with traditions dating back 10,000 years. ... The Bengal Renaissance refers to a social reform movement during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in the region of Bengal in undivided India during the period of British rule. ... Brahmo Samaj is a social and religious movement founded in Kolkata, India in 1828 by Raja Ram Mohan Roy. ... The Prarthana Samaj, or Prayer Society in Sanskrit, is a movement for religious and social reform in Maharashtra inspired by Keshab Chandra Sen in 1864[1], although based in the earlier reform movements and traditions of Maharashtra. ... Arya Samaj (Aryan Society or Society of Nobles) is a Hindu reform movement in India that was founded by Swami Dayananda in 1875. ... Bal Gangadhar Tilak (1856 - 1920), was an Indian nationalist, social reformer and freedom fighter who was the first popular leader of the Indian Independence Movement. ... The Ramakrishna Mission Emblem The Ramakrishna Mission (Bengali: ) is an association founded by Sri Ramakrishnas chief disciple and religious leader, Swami Vivekananda on May 1, 1897. ... The Sadharan Brahmo Samaj was a religious organization formed on May 15, 1878, in Calcutta, India. ... Hinduism in Southeast Asia influenced the Champa kingdom in Vietnam, the Srivijayan kingdom on Sumatra, the Singhasari kingdom and the Majapahit Empire based in Java, Bali, and a number of the islands of the Philippine archipelago. ... Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana is organisation formed in 1903, to promote the Dharma of Shree Narayana Guru. ... Bhagwan Shree Swaminarayan Bhagwan Swaminarayan (April 2, 1781 - 1830) was born Ganshyam Pande to a brahmin family in the village of Chhapaiya, Uttar Pradesh, India. ... Contemporary Sant Mat movements are esoteric religious movemenst active in the United States, Europe, Latin America, and especially India. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Shriram Sharma Acharya. ... Parisada Hindu Dharma was a major reform movement and society [1] that assisted in the revival of Hinduism in Indonesia . ... Bhagwan Shree Swaminarayan Bhagwan Swaminarayan (April 2, 1781 - 1830) was born Ganshyam Pande to a brahmin family in the village of Chhapaiya, Uttar Pradesh, India. ...

References

Shortcut: WP:-( Vandalism is indisputable bad-faith addition, deletion, or change to content, made in a deliberate attempt to compromise the integrity of the encyclopedia. ... Shortcut: WP:-( Vandalism is indisputable bad-faith addition, deletion, or change to content, made in a deliberate attempt to compromise the integrity of the encyclopedia. ...

External links

Categories: Articles with unsourced statements since April 2007 | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements since February 2007 | Articles lacking reliable references from June 2007 | Hindu movements and organizations | New religious movements Brahmo Samaj is a social and religious movement founded in Kolkata, India in 1828 by Raja Ram Mohan Roy. ... The Prarthana Samaj, or Prayer Society in Sanskrit, is a movement for religious and social reform in Maharashtra inspired by Keshab Chandra Sen in 1864[1], although based in the earlier reform movements and traditions of Maharashtra. ... Ayyavazhi (IPA: )(Tamil:à®…à®¯à¯à®¯à®¾à®µà®´à®¿ [1] -Path of the father) is a dharmic belief system[2] that originated in South India in the 19th century. ... Arya Samaj (Aryan Society or Society of Nobles) is a Hindu reform movement in India that was founded by Swami Dayananda in 1875. ... The Ramakrishna Mission Emblem The Ramakrishna Mission (Bengali: ) is an association founded by Sri Ramakrishnas chief disciple and religious leader, Swami Vivekananda on May 1, 1897. ... Gandhism (or Gandhi-ism) is an informal reference to the vision, core inspirations, principles, beliefs and philosophy of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, who was a major political and spiritual leader of India and the Indian Independence Movement. ... For Veer Savarkars book Hindutva, see Hindutva. ... The Delhi campus of the Sri Aurobindo Ashram The Sri Aurobindo Ashram was founded by Sri Aurobindo on the 24 November 1926 (Siddhi Day). ... Parisada Hindu Dharma was a major reform movement and society [1] that assisted in the revival of Hinduism in Indonesia . ... Bhakti - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... The Indian caste system is the traditional system of social stratification on the Indian Subcontinent, in which social classes are defined by a number of endogamous, hereditary groups often termed as jÄtis or castes. ... The Indian independence movement incorporated the efforts by Indians to liberate the region from British rule and form the nation-state of India. ... Persecution of Hindus refers to the religious persecution inflicted upon Hindus. ... Shuddhi is Sanskrit for purification. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... Sri Aurobindo (Bangla: à¦¶à§à¦°à§€ à¦…à¦°à¦¬à¦¿à¦¨à§à¦¦ Sri Ã”robindo, Sanskrit: à¤¶à¥à¤°à¥€ à¤…à¤°à¤µà¤¿à¤¨à¥à¤¦ SrÄ« Aravinda) (August 15, 1872â€“December 5, 1950) was an Indian/Hindu nationalist, scholar, poet, mystic, evolutionary philosopher, yogi and guru [1]. After a short political career in which he became one of leaders of the early movement for the freedom of India from... Dr. A.K. Coomaraswamy // Life of Dr. A.K. Coomaraswamy Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy (22 August 1877 Colombo - 9 September 1947 Needham, Massachusetts) was the son of the famous Sri Lankan legislator and philosopher Sir Mutu Coomaraswamy and his English wife Elizabeth Beeby. ... Alain DaniÃ©lou, born at Neuilly-sur-Seine (Paris) October 4, 1907, and died January 27, 1994 in Switzerland, was a French historian, intellectual, musicologist, Indologist, and noted Western convert to Shaivite Hinduism. ... Koenraad Elst is a Belgian orientalist, writer and researcher[1]. He has authored fifteen books on topics related to Hinduism, Indian history, and Indian politics. ... Dr. David Frawley (born 1950 in Wisconsin, U.S.A.) is currently one of the worlds leading authors on Hinduism (Sanatana Dharma), Yoga, Ayurveda, and contemporary Indian politics. ... Sita Ram Goel (DevanÄgarÄ«: à¤¸à¥€à¤¤à¤¾ à¤°à¤¾à¤® à¤—à¥‹à¤¯à¤², SÄ«tÄ RÄm Goyal) (1921â€“2003), author and publisher, is an important figure amongst late 20th century Hindu thinkers. ... Madhavrao Sadashivrao Golwalkar, popularly known as Guruji, was the second sarasanghachalak of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. ... Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Gujarati: , Hindi: , IAST: mohandÄs karamcand gÄndhÄ«, IPA: ) (October 2, 1869 â€“ January 30, 1948), was a major political and spiritual leader of India and the Indian independence movement. ... Harsh Narain is an Indian author. ... Gedong Bagus Oka (1921 - 2002) was a prominent Hindu reformer and philosopher in Indonesia. ... This article is about the spiritual partner of Sri Aurobindo. ... A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (September 1, 1896â€“November 14, 1977) was the founder of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (popularly known as the Hare Krishnas). Born as Abhay Charan De, in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. ... Raja Ram Mohan Roy is regarded as the Father of the Bengal Renaissance Ram Mohan Roy, also written as Rammohun Roy, or Raja Ram Mohun Roy (Bangla: à¦°à¦¾à¦œà¦¾ à¦°à¦¾à¦®à¦®à§‹à¦¹à¦¨ à¦°à¦¾à¦¯à¦¼, Raja Rammohon Rae), (May 22, 1772 â€“ September 27, 1833) was the founder of the Brahmo Samaj, one of the first Indian socio-religious... Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa (Bangla: à¦°à¦¾à¦®à¦•à§ƒà¦·à§à¦£ à¦ªà¦°à¦®à¦¹à¦‚à¦¸ Ramkrishno PÃ´romÃ´hongsho), born Gadadhar Chattopadhyay (Bangla: à¦—à¦¦à¦¾à¦§à¦° à¦šà¦Ÿà§à¦Ÿà§‹à¦ªà¦¾à¦§à§à¦¯à¦¾à¦¯à¦¼ GÃ´dadhor ChÃ´Å£Å£opaddhae) [1], (February 18, 1836â€“August 16, 1886) was a Hindu religious teacher and an influential figure in the Bengal Renaissance of the Nineteenth century. ... Swami Dayananda Saraswati (à¤¦à¤¯à¤¾à¤¨à¤¨à¥â€à¤¦ à¤¸à¤°à¤¸à¥â€à¤µà¤¤à¥€) was born in Tamil Nadu. ... Vinayak Damodar Sarvakar VinÄyak DÄmodar SÄvarkar (Marathi: à¤µà¤¿à¤¨à¤¾à¤¯à¤• à¤¦à¤¾à¤®à¥‹à¤¦à¤° à¤¸à¤¾à¤µà¤°à¤•à¤°) (May 28, 1883 â€“ February 27, 1966) was an Indian revolutionary and Hindu nationalist political leader, who is credited with developing a Hindu nationalist political ideology he termed as Hindutva (Hinduness). ... Keshub Chunder Sen Keshub Chandra Sen (Bengali: à¦•à§‡à¦¶à¦¬ à¦šà¦¨à§à¦¦à§à¦° à¦¸à§‡à¦¨ Keshob ChÃ´ndro Shen) (also spelt Keshab Chunder Sen) (1838-1884) was a Bengali intellectual and a noted religious reformer. ... Swami Sivananda Saraswati (1887-1963), as he is known under his monastic name, was born Kuppuswamy in Pattamadai, Tamil Nadu, India. ... Arun Shourie Arun Shourie (born 1941) is a prominent journalist, author, and politician of India. ... Ram Swarup (à¤°à¤¾à¤® à¤¸à¥â€à¤µà¤°à¥‚à¤ª) (1920 - December 26, 1998) was an influential ideologue for the Hindutvamovement. ... Debendranath Tagore (Bangla: à¦¦à§‡à¦¬à§‡à¦¨à§à¦¦à§à¦°à¦¨à¦¾à¦¥ à¦ à¦¾à¦•à§à¦° Debendronath Å¢hakur)(May 15, 1817 - January 19, 1905) was an Indian Bengali philosopher from current-day West Bengal, in India. ... (Bengali: , IPA: ) (7 May 1861 â€“ 7 August 1941), also known by the sobriquet Gurudev, was a Bengali poet, Brahmo Samaj philosopher, visual artist, playwright, novelist, and composer whose works reshaped Bengali literature and music in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. ... Bal Gangadhar Tilak (1856 - 1920), was an Indian nationalist, social reformer and freedom fighter who was the first popular leader of the Indian Independence Movement. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Swami Vivekananda (Bengali: Shami Bibekanondo) (January 12, 1863 - July 4, 1902), whose pre-monastic name was Narendranath Dutta ( NÃ´rendrÃ´nath DÃ´t-tÃ´), was one of the most famous and influential spiritual leaders of the philosophies of Vedanta and Yoga and a major figure in the history of Hinduism... Mukunda Lal Ghosh (January 5, 1893 in Gorakhpur, in northern India - March 7, 1952), better known as Paramahansa Yogananda, was a Bengali yogi and guru. ...

Encyclopedia > Hindu reform movements

Contents

Introduction

Hinduism and the West

See also

References

External links