Hindustani, Hindi, and Urdu have been written in several different scripts. Most Hindi texts are written in the Devanagari script, which is derived from the Brāhmī script of Ancient India. Most Urdu texts are written in the Urdu alphabet, which comes from the Perso-Arabic script. Hindustani has been written in both scripts. In recent years the Roman alphabet has been used in these languages for technological or internationalization reasons. See also: Hindustani classical music. ... Hindi (हिन्दी or हिंदी in DevanāgarÄ«; pronunciation: ), an Indo-European language spoken mainly in northern and central India, is one of the official languages of the Union government of India. ... The phrase Zaban-e Urdu-e Mualla written in () is an Indo-European language of the Indo-Aryan family that developed under mainlyPersian influence in Central and South Asia during the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire (1200-1800). ... च् + छ = च्छ Devanagari in Unicode The Unicode range for Devanagari is U+0900 . ... BrāhmÄ« refers to the pre-modern members of the Brahmic family of scripts. ... Middle kingdoms of India refers to the political entities in India from the 6th century BCE through to the Islamic invasions and the related Decline of Buddhism from the 7th century CE. // Kingdoms and Empires The Aryans had invaded India from the Northwest, according to the Aryan Invasion Theory, and... The Arabic alphabet is the script used for writing the Arabic language, which is the language of the Quran, the holy book of Islam. ... ...

Devanagari script

Main article: Devanagari script

The Devanagari script is an abugida writing system, so the written form of consonants have an inherent default vowel afterward, namely a schwa. Consonants which have other vowels afterward use diacritical marks around the consonant. The script is written from left to right, with a top-bar connecting the letters together. च् + छ = च्छ Devanagari in Unicode The Unicode range for Devanagari is U+0900 . ... An abugida or alphasyllabary is a writing system composed of signs (graphemes) denoting consonants with an inherent following vowel, which are consistently modified to indicate other vowels (or, in some cases, the lack of a vowel). ... A consonant is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by a closure or stricture of the vocal tract sufficient to cause audible turbulence. ... Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ...

Perso-Arabic script

Main article: Urdu alphabet

The Perso-Arabic script is an extension of the Arabic alphabet. It is written from right to left, and most letters connect to each other. This leads to different forms of a letter depending on its position in a word, although the different forms generally resemble each other. Most vowels are omited in normal texts, although they may be written for disambiguation or pedagogical purposes. Urdu is primarily written in a calligraphic style of the script called Nasta'liq. The Arabic alphabet is the script used for writing the Arabic language, which is the language of the Quran, the holy book of Islam. ... The Arabic alphabet is the script used for writing in the Arabic language. ... Note: This page contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... Calligraphy in a Latin Bible of AD 1407 on display in Malmesbury Abbey, Wiltshire, England. ... Nastaliq (نستعليق) is a specific style for writing in the Arabic alphabet. ...

See Also: Nasta'liq script

Romanized Hindustani

The Latin alphabet has been used to write Hindustani for technological or internationalization reasons. Roman Urdu uses the Basic Latin alphabet. It is most commonly used by young native speakers for technological applications, such as chat, emails and SMS. The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today. ... Roman Urdu is the name used for Urdu written in Roman (English) script. ... Variants of the Latin alphabet are used by the writing systems of many languages throughout the world. ... Online chat can refer to any kind of communication over the internet, but is primarily meant to refer to direct 1 on 1 chat or chat rooms, using tools such as instant messenger applications—computer programs, Internet Relay Chat, talkers and possibly MUDs, MUCKs, MUSHes and MOOes. ... E-mail, or email, is short for electronic mail and is a method of composing, sending, and receiving messages over electronic communication systems. ... SMS arrival notification on a Siemens phone Short Message Service (SMS) is a service available on most digital mobile phones (and other mobile devices, e. ...

ITRANS, ISCII, IAST, and Harvard-Kyoto romanization schemes have been employed primarily for usage by non-native speakers who are more familiar with the Latin alphabet. ITRANS (Indian languages TRANSliteration) is an ASCII transliteration scheme for Indic scripts, particularly, but not exclusively, for Devanagari (used for the Sanskrit, Hindi, Nepali, Marathi and other languages). ... ISCII (Indian Script Code for Information Interchange) is a coding scheme for representing various Indic scripts as well as a Latin-based script with diacritic marks used to depict Romanised Indic languages. ... IAST, or International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration is the academic standard for writing the Sanskrit language with the Latin alphabet and very similar to National Library at Calcutta romanization standard being used with many Indic scripts. ... The Harvard-Kyoto Convention is a system for transliterating the Sanskrit language in ASCII. It is predominantly used informally in e-mail, and for electronic texts. ...

See Also: Roman Urdu Roman Urdu is the name used for Urdu written in Roman (English) script. ...

See Also

• Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu)
• Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu) word etymology
• Hindustani grammar