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A hinny is the offspring of a male horse and a female donkey (jennet or jenny). For other uses, see Scientific classification (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Animal (disambiguation). ...
Typical Classes See below Chordates (phylum Chordata) are a group of animals that includes the vertebrates, together with several closely related invertebrates. ...
Orders Subclass Monotremata Monotremata Subclass Marsupialia Didelphimorphia Paucituberculata Microbiotheria Dasyuromorphia Peramelemorphia Notoryctemorphia Diprotodontia Subclass Placentalia Xenarthra Dermoptera Desmostylia Scandentia Primates Rodentia Lagomorpha Insectivora Chiroptera Pholidota Carnivora Perissodactyla Artiodactyla Cetacea Afrosoricida Macroscelidea Tubulidentata Hyracoidea Proboscidea Sirenia The mammals are the class of vertebrate animals primarily characterized by the presence of mammary...
Families Equidae Tapiridae Rhinocerotidae The odd-toed ungulates or Perissodactyla are large to very large browsing and grazing mammals with relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe. ...
Species - Donkey - African Wild Ass - Domestic Horse - Wild Horse - Grevys Zebra - Onager - Kiang - Plains Zebra - Cape Mountain Zebra - Hartmanns Mountain Zebra Equidae is the family of horse-like animals, order Perissodactyla. ...
Equus is Latin for horse; it may refer to: Equus, the genus of horses and their close relatives. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Binomial name Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758 The horse (Equus caballus, sometimes seen as a subspecies of the Wild Horse, Equus ferus caballus) is a large odd-toed ungulate mammal, one of ten modern species of the genus Equus. ...
Binomial name Linnaeus, 1758 For other uses, see Donkey (disambiguation). ...
The definition of jennet varies depending on location and on the antiquity of the usage. ...
[edit] Hinnies compared with mules Hinnies are rarer than mules, which are the offspring of a male donkey and a female horse. The hinny is sterile with only one recorded exception. [1][2] For other uses, see Mule (disambiguation). ...
Infertility primarily refers to the biological inability of a man or a woman to contribute to conception. ...
[edit] Similarities Hinnies are similar to mules in that they are generally more intelligent than horses, and more cooperative than donkeys. Both are also healthier and less expensive to feed and maintain than horses. This is a trait these hybrids get from their donkey heritage. The donkey is a notoriously hardy creature that, in the wild, survives on a harsh diet in a desert environment. For other uses, see Mule (disambiguation). ...
This article is about a biological term. ...
This article is about arid terrain. ...
[edit] Differences Hinnies are on average slightly smaller than mules. There is much speculation as to the size variances among the two types of hybrids. Some fanciers believe it is merely physiological, due to the smaller size of the donkey dam versus a large horse mare. Others claim it is genetic. The view of the American Donkey and Mule Society is, "The genetic inheritance of the hinny is exactly the same as the mule." For other uses, see Mule (disambiguation). ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
Binomial name Linnaeus, 1758 For other uses, see Donkey (disambiguation). ...
Binomial name Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758 The horse (Equus caballus, sometimes seen as a subspecies of the Wild Horse, Equus ferus caballus) is a large odd-toed ungulate mammal, one of ten modern species of the genus Equus. ...
Hinnies are smaller because donkeys are, for the most part, smaller than horses, and the growth potential of equine offspring is influenced by the size of the dam's womb. Hinnies do however, like mules, come in many sizes. This is because donkeys come in many sizes, from miniatures as small as 24 inches (610 mm) at the withers, to Mammoth donkey jacks and jennies that may be over 15 hands, approximately 60 inches (1524 mm) at the withers. Thus, a hinny is restricted to being about the size of the largest breed of donkey. Mules, however, have horse females as mothers, so they can be as large as the size of the largest breed of horse. There are some huge mules, mostly from work horse breeds such as the Belgian. The withers is the highest point on an animals back, on the ridge between its shoulder blades. ...
Other than size, there are some minor differences that occur frequently between mules and hinnies. The head of a hinny resembles that of a horse, more so than mule heads do. Hinnies often have shorter ears, although they are still longer than those of horses, and more horse-like manes and tails than mules do. They often come in horse colors, as the male parent often determines the color of the coat. Therefore, mules usually have donkey coat colors. Certain traits, like the popular gait that some horses and donkeys possess, seem to pass more readily though the male parent. Therefore, many people have tried to produce gaited hybrids by using gaited male horses on female donkeys in hopes of creating gaited hinnies. Horse gaits are the different ways in which a horse can move, either naturally or as a result of specialized training by humans. ...
[edit] Fertility, sterility, and rarity Hinnies are difficult to obtain because of the differences in the number of chromosomes of the horse and the donkey. A donkey has 62 chromosomes, whereas a horse has 64. Hinnies, being hybrids of those two species, have 63 chromosomes and are sterile. The uneven number of chromosomes results in an incomplete reproductive system. According to the ADMS, "The equine hybrid is easier to obtain when the lower chromosome count, the donkey, is in the male. Therefore breeding for hinnies is more hit-and-miss than breeding for mules."[1] A scheme of a condensed (metaphase) chromosome. ...
Binomial name Linnaeus, 1758 For other uses, see Donkey (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Species (disambiguation). ...
Fertility is the ability of people or animals to produce healthy offspring in abundance. ...
A pictorial illustration of the human female reproductive system. ...
Male hinnies and mules are usually castrated to help control their behavior by eliminating their interest in females. The male hinny or mule can and will mate, but the emission is not fertile. There are no recorded cases of fertile male hinnies or male mules. For other uses, see Mule (disambiguation). ...
Fertility is the natural capability of giving life. ...
Female hinnies and mules are not customarily neutered, and may or may not go through estrus. Female mules have been known to produce offspring when mated to a purebred horse or donkey, though this is extremely uncommon. Since 1527 there have been more than sixty documented cases of foals born to female mules around the world. In contrast, according to the ADMS, there is only one known case of a female hinny doing so, and she produced a mix which has, thus far, only been documented once among the offspring of female mules: Estrus (also spelled œstrus) or heat in female mammals is the period of greatest female sexual responsiveness usually coinciding with ovulation. ...
- Mule mares pass along 100% of their maternal genes to their offspring, rather than a mix. Since a mule's mother is a horse, as a rule mule mares pass genes which are 100% horse to their foals. Thus, a mule mare bred to a horse stallion will produce a foal which is 100% horse, with no donkey genes at all.
- In China in 1981, a hinny mare proved fertile with a donkey stallion. Scientists expected a 100% donkey foal if the female hinny had passed on her maternal chromosomes the same way as female mules do. However, when the Chinese hinny was bred to a donkey jack, she produced "Dragon Foal," who resembles a donkey with mule-like features. Dragon Foal's chromosomes and DNA tests confirmed that she was a previously undocumented combination, not 50% donkey, from her donkey father, and 50% horse, from her hinny mother. Instead of each gene pair being donkey-horse, with one left over, Dragon Foal has a combination of gene pairs that are donkey-horse and donkey-donkey, with one left over. Her hinny mother passed along a combination of horse and donkey genes.
- In Morocco in 2003, a mule mare bred to a donkey stallion produced a male foal that was 75% donkey and 25% horse, rather than the expected 50%/50% if the mule mare had passed on her maternal chromosones, which are 100% horse, in the usual way. DNA testing revealed the Moroccan foal is a mixed karyotype hybrid like the Chinese hinny offspring, Dragon Foal. This means that, unlike regular hinnies, whose 63 chromosomes consist of 31 pairs that are horse-donkey with one left over, the Morocco colt has about 23 pairs of chromosomes that are donkey-donkey, eight pairs that are horse-donkey, and one left over.
- Because of the mix of gene pairs in the Moroccan foal, it's unknown whether Dragon Foal's genetic oddity is due to her mother being a hinny rather than a mule, or if there is some other factor that applies equally to Dragon Foal in China and the 2003 colt in Morocco.
There are other reasons for the rarity of hinnies. Female donkeys, jennies, and male horses, stallions, are choosier about their mates than horse mares and donkey jacks. Thus, the two parties involved may not care to mate. Even if they do cooperate, female donkeys are less likely to conceive when bred to a horse than horse mares are when bred to a donkey. Breeding large hinnies is an even bigger challenge, as it requires a jenny of Mammoth donkey stock. Mammoth donkey stock is becoming increasingly rare and has been declared an endangered domestic breed. Fanciers are unlikely to devote a Mammoth jenny's valuable breeding time to producing sterile hinny hybrids when Mammoth females are in high demand to produce fertile pure-bred Mammoth foals. For other uses, see Gene (disambiguation). ...
The structure of part of a DNA double helix Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is a nucleic acid molecule that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. ...
Karyogram of human male using Giemsa staining. ...
The definition of jennet varies depending on location and on the antiquity of the usage. ...
A stallion A stallion is a male horse that has not been castrated. ...
Horse breeding is the process of using selective breeding to produce additional individuals of a given phenotype, that is, continuing a breed. ...
[edit] See also Binomial name Subspecies E. a. ...
Binomial name Linnaeus, 1758 For other uses, see Donkey (disambiguation). ...
Binomial name Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758 The horse (Equus caballus, sometimes seen as a subspecies of the Wild Horse, Equus ferus caballus) is a large odd-toed ungulate mammal, one of ten modern species of the genus Equus. ...
The definition of jennet varies depending on location and on the antiquity of the usage. ...
Binomial name Equus kiang , The Kiang (Equus kiang) is a large mammal belonging to the horse family. ...
For other uses, see Mule (disambiguation). ...
Binomial name Equus hemionus Pallas, 1775 The onager (Equus hemionus) is a large mammal belonging to the horse family and native to the deserts of Syria, Iran, Pakistan, India, Israel, and Tibet (China). ...
For other uses, see Zebra (disambiguation). ...
[edit] References - ^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mule
- ^ http://www.geocities.com/moredonkeys/aboutmules.html
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