NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Hip hop production

Hip hop production is the creation of hip hop music. Modern hip hop production utilizes drum machines, turntables, synthesizers, hardware and software sequencers, and live instrumentation.Though the term encompasses all aspects of hip hop music, it most commonly used to refer to the instrumental, non-lyrical aspects of hip-hop. Hip hop music is a style of music which came into existence in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s. ... A Boss DR-202 Drum Machine Drum machines are sequencers with a synthesizer, sampler, and/or a sample playback (rompler) component that is tailored to imitate the sounds of drums and other percussion instruments. ... Tonearm redirects here. ... The term synthesiser is also used to mean frequency synthesiser, an electronic system found in communications. ...

Concept

Hip-hop instrumental music is classified as sampled breaks dubbed over sampled music. The two parts are often interpolated post factum using a variety of playback devices such as a turntable or CD player. The playback is sometimes recorded as the final version of an instrumental that goes on to mixdown with vocals. This article is about reusing existing sound recordings in creating new works. ... This article is about breakbeat, the electronic dance music genre. ... Edison cylinder phonograph from about 1899 The phonograph, or gramophone, was the most common device for playing recorded sound from the 1870s through the 1980s. ... A compact disc player or CD player is an electronic device to play audio from compact discs. ... Audio mixing is used in sound recording, audio editing and sound systems to balance the relative volume and frequency content of a number of sound sources. ...

All of these elements can be either analog or digital in nature and replication. A drum beat can be sampled, a riff can be replicated live, and scratching can be sampled and dubbed over a song. A drum beat, a beat on a drum, is any single strike on a single drum, drum machine, or a series of beats on various percussion instruments creating a rhythmic or metric pattern. ... In popular music a bassline, also bass line, is an instrumental part, or line, which is in the bass or lowest range and thus lower than the other parts and part of the rhythm section. ... This article is about reusing existing sound recordings in creating new works. ... Scratching is a DJ or turntablist technique used to produce sounds for some types of music. ... An analog or analogue signal is any time continuous signal where some time varying feature of the signal is a representation of some other time varying quantity. ... For other uses, see Digital (disambiguation). ...

History

Origins

The first instruments used in hip hop production were two turntables, a mixer, and a microphone. DJ Kool Herc used the mixer fade controls to switch between two turntables playing identical records; this is called beat juggling. The result was that a section of a record could be effectively prolonged or looped, the parallel to today's loop-based DAWs and hardware loop equipment. During the 1970s, Grandmaster Flash pioneered many turntable techniques. He was the first to use the cue output. His cutting and scratching techniques, stemming from sessions with "Mean Gene" Livingston and his brother (Grand Wizard Theodore), whom he later battled with, have revolutionized the DJ culture and have been imitated ever since. In professional audio, a mixing console, digital mixing console, mixing desk (Brit. ... Categories: People stubs | Hip hop musicians | Hip hop DJs | 1955 births ... Beat juggling is the act of manipulating two or more identical samples (e. ... In electronic music, a loop is a sample which is repeated. ... A digital audio workstation (DAW) is a system designed to record, edit and play back digital audio. ... Joseph Biggie Grand Saddler (born January 1, 1958 in Bridgetown, Barbados), better known as Grandmaster Flash, is a American hip hop musician and DJ; one of the pioneers of hip-hop DJing, cutting, and mixing. ... Grand Wizard Theodore (left). ...

Early singles on Sugarhill Records were played by the house band, and it was not until later that a DJ was incorporated into recording sessions. Early examples are "Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels of Steel" and the Wild Style soundtrack. Sugar Hill Records is the name given to two different record labels. ... For other uses, see Wild Style (disambiguation). ...

The 1980s

Kurtis Blow became the first hip-hop artist to use a digital sampler, the Fairlight, in a song. The Roland TR-808 was introduced in 1980. The 808 was heavily used by Afrika Bambaataa, who released Planet Rock in 1982, which gave rise to the fledgling Electro genre, along with the genre's own pioneers Derrick May and Juan Atkins. The song interpolated Kraftwerk's "Trans Europa Express." In 1983, Run-DMC recorded "It's Like That" and "Sucker MCs," two songs which relied completely on digital beats, ignoring samples entirely; much like early songs by Bambaataa and the Furious Five. The E-mu SP-12 came out in 1985, capable of 2.5 seconds of recording time. The SP-1200 promptly followed with expanded T-burc & EDK recording time. One of the earliest songs to contain a drum loop or break was "Rhymin and Stealin" by the Beastie Boys, produced by Rick Rubin. Marley Marl also popularized a minimal style of using one or two sampled loops in the late 80s. The Akai MPC60 came out in 1988, capable of 12 seconds of sampling time. Dr. Dre with World Class Wreckin' Cru recorded 'Juice' and 'Before You Turn The Lights Out.' The Beastie Boys released Paul's Boutique in 1989, an entire album created completely from an eclectic mix of samples, produced by the Dust Brothers. De La Soul also released 3 Feet High and Rising that year. Their producer at the time, Prince Paul, mixed sounds from funk, rock, disco and even children's records. Curtis Kurtis Blow Walker, (born on August 9, 1959, in Harlem, New York) is one of the pioneer rappers in the recording industry, and hip hops first mainstream star. ... The Fairlight CMI (Computer Musical Instrument) was the first digital sampling synthesizer. ... The Roland TR-808 Rhythm Composer was one of the first programmable drum machines (TR serving as an acronym for Transistor Rhythm). Introduced by the Roland Corporation in late 1980, it was originally manufactured for use as a tool for studio musicians to create demos. ... Afrika Bambaataa is a DJ and community leader from the South Bronx, who was instrumental in the early development of hip hop throughout the 1970s. ... Planet Rock - The Album is an old school rap album by Afrika Bambaataa & the Soulsonic Force, released in 1986 (see 1986 in music), as a collection of previous singles. ... Electro, short for electro funk (also known as robot hip hop and Electro hop) is an electronic style of hip hop directly influenced by Kraftwerk and funk records (unlike earlier rap records which were closer to disco). ... Derrick May, also known as Mayday and Rhythim is Rhythim, is an electronic musician from Detroit, Michigan U.S.. He was born in Detroit in 1963 and began to explore electronic music early in his life. ... Juan Atkins (born December 9, 1962 in Detroit) is an American musician. ... Kraftwerk (pronounced [], German for power station) is a German musical group from DÃ¼sseldorf that has made immense contributions to the development of improvisational rock and electronic music, most notably within the latter categorys sub-genres which later became known as synthpop, electro, techno, house and IDM. Early musical... Run-DMC is a famous hip hop crew founded by Jason Mizell (Jam Master Jay) and includes Joseph Run Simmons and Darryl DMC McDaniels, all from Hollis, Queens. ... There are two songs called Its Like That: Its Like That (Run-DMC song) Its Like That (Mariah Carey song) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The Beastie Boys are a hip hop musical group from New York City consisting of Michael Mike D Diamond, Adam MCA Yauch, Adam Ad-Rock Horovitz. ... Frederick Jay (Rick) Rubin (born March 10, 1963 in Lido Beach, New York) is an American record producer and is currently the co-head of Columbia Records. ... Marlon Williams (born September 30, 1962 in Queens, New York City), better known as Marley Marl, is an influential hip-hop producer. ... The Akai MPC60 (MIDI Production Center 60) was an electronic musical instrument produced in 1988, by the Japanese company Akai in collaboration with celebrated designer Roger Linn. ... For the New York radio and television presenter, see Doctor Dre. ... The World Class Wreckin Cru was a 1980s electro hop-style rap group from Compton, California formed by nightclub owner Alonzo Williams. ... Pauls Boutique is an album by American rap group the Beastie Boys, released on July 25, 1989 (see 1989 in music). ... The Dust Brothers are the Los Angeles-based producers E.Z. Mike (Michael Simpson) and King Gizmo (John King), famous for their creation of sample-based music in the 1980s, and specifically for their work on the groundbreaking albums Pauls Boutique by the Beastie Boys and Odelay by Beck. ... De La Soul is a Grammy-award winning hip hop group from Long Island, New York. ... 3 Feet High and Rising is the influential debut album from American hip-hop trio De La Soul, released in 1989. ... Prince Paul (born Paul Huston) is a DJ and hip hop producer. ...

The 1990s and on

Public Enemy's Bomb Squad revolutionized the sound of hip-hop with incredibly dense production styles, combining tens of samples per song, often combining breaks with a drum machine. Their beats were much more structured than the early more minimal and repetitive beats. The MPC3000 was released in 1994, the AKAI MPC2000 in 1997, followed by the MPC2000XL in 2000 and the MPC2500 in 2006. These machines combined a sampling drum machine with an onboard sequencer and became the centerpiece of many hip hop producers' studios. The Wu Tang Clan's superproducer Rza is often credited for snatching the eye of hip hop from Dr. Dre's more polished sound in 1993, with his more gritty sound with low rumbling bass, sharp snares and unique sampling style. With the 1994 release of Notorious BIG's Ready to Die, Sean Combs and his assisting producers ushered in a new style where entire sections of records were sampled, instead of short snippets. Records like "Warning" (Isaac Hayes's "Walk On By"), and "One More Chance (Remix)" (Debarge's "Stay With Me") epitomized this aesthetic. In the early 2000s, Roc-a-Fella in-house producer Kanye West made popular the "chipmunk" technique, which had been first used by 80's electro hip-hop group Newcleus with such songs a "Jam on It". This technique involves using a digital pitch shifter to make a vocal sample very high pitched, resulting in a vocal sample that sounds similar to the singing on the television show "Alvin and the Chipmunks". West adopted this style from J Dilla and the Wu-Tang Clan's RZA, who in turn was influenced by Prince Paul, the pioneer of the style of speeding up and looping vocal samples to achieve the "chipmunk" sound. Public Enemy, also known as PE, is a hip hop group from Long Island, New York, known for their politically charged lyrics, criticism of the media, and active interest in the concerns of the African American community. ... The Bomb Squad is a hip hop production team whose original members were Carl Ridenhour (Chuck D), Hank Shocklee, Keith Shocklee and Eric Vietnam Sadler and Gary G-Wiz. ... MPCs - originally MIDI Production Center but now Music Production Center - are a series of hardware sampler made by Akai. ... A Boss DR-202 Drum Machine A drum machine is an electronic musical instrument designed to imitate the sound of drums and/or other percussion instruments. ... The word sequencer can mean: a microsequencer in a computer CPU a music sequencer in the field of electronic music a DNA sequencer or a protein sequencer in the field of biology Sequencer (album) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise... RZA (IPA pronunciation: ; born , July 5, 1969) is an American hip hop producer, rapper and actor. ... For the New York radio and television presenter, see Doctor Dre. ... Christopher Wallace (May 21, 1972 - March 9, 1997), also known as Biggie Smalls (after a stylish gangster in the 1975 comedy, Lets Do it Again), but best known as The Notorious B.I.G. (Business Instead of Game). ... For other uses, see Ready to Die (disambiguation). ... Sean John Combs (born November 4, 1969)[1] is an American record producer, CEO, clothing designer, actor and rapper. ... For the American arctic explorer, see Isaac Israel Hayes Isaac Lee Hayes (born August 20, 1942, in Covington, Tennessee) is an American soul and funk singer, songwriter, musician, record producer, arranger, and actor best known as the voice of Chef on the Emmy-winning animated sitcom South Park. ... DeBarge was an American soul music, and funk group. ... Roc-A-Fella Records, one of the largest United States hip hop/rap record labels, was co-founded in New York City by hip hop mogul Damon Dash and now multi-platinum rapper Jay-Z in 1995. ... Kanye Omari West (pronounced /kÉ‘njÉ›j/) (born June 8, 1977) is an American record producer and rapper who rose to fame in the mid 2000s. ... Newcleus is a band that came in on the first wave of electronic hip-hop in the early 1980s. ... Alvin and the Chipmunks was the second American animated television series to feature the singing characters The Chipmunks, produced by Bagdasarian Productions, Ruby-Spears Productions, and Lorimar-Telepictures (which became Lorimar Television in 1988). ... Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: J Dilla James Dewitt Yancey (February 7, 1974â€“February 10, 2006), better known as J Dilla, or Jay Dee, was an American hip hop producer and MC, who emerged from the mid-1990s underground hip-hop scene in Detroit, Michigan. ... Wu-Tang redirects here. ... RZA (IPA pronunciation: ; born , July 5, 1969) is an American hip hop producer, rapper and actor. ... Prince Paul (born Paul Huston) is a DJ and hip hop producer. ...

Elements

Sampling

Sampling is integral to hip hop production. It's used as a substitute for expensive musicians, equipment, and other costs associated with genuine live recording. This article is about reusing existing sound recordings in creating new works. ...

Sampling is controversial in modern hip hop. Seeing as sample clearance can take substantial parts of profit out of record sales for artists who sample, producers opt to create completely original recordings using computer-generated beats. Another solution is to overdub or re-record the sampled part with a live musician and then interpolate it enough to disassociate it from the sampled material entirely. The fees associated with the latter solution and the costs associated with the former can be significantly lower than sample clearance fees. Les Paul, a pioneer of multi-track recording. ...

A particular brand of "sped-up" sampling which famously used by Roc-A-Fella artist Kanye West (and less prominently Just Blaze, Danny! and various other hip hop producers from the post 2000 generation), is now popuarly considered as its own style of hip hop production. Although Wu-tang clan member RZA introduced this style of production before Kanye, it is Kanye West's vast amount of production work with artists (such as Common and Jay-Z in recent years) that has popularized the use of sped-up samples. Roc-A-Fella Records, one of the largest United States hip hop/rap record labels, was co-founded in New York City by hip hop mogul Damon Dash and now multi-platinum rapper Jay-Z in 1995. ... Kanye Omari West (pronounced /kÉ‘njÉ›j/) (born June 8, 1977) is an American record producer and rapper who rose to fame in the mid 2000s. ... Justin Smith (born in Paterson, New Jersey on January 14, 1978), better known as Just Blaze, is an American hip hop music producer. ... ... RZA (IPA pronunciation: ; born , July 5, 1969) is an American hip hop producer, rapper and actor. ... Lonnie Rashid Lynn, Jr. ... Jay-Z (aka the Jigga, HOV and Hova, born Shawn Carter on December 4, 1970 in Brooklyn, New York) is an African American rapper/hip hop artist and record label executive; one of the most popular and successful rappers of the late 1990s and early 2000s. ...

While the majority of producers sample a relatively default niche of 1960-1980 soul, R&B, disco, and funk records, any record of any genre from any era is often fair game for sampling. Jazz records from every era are also sampled. Producers such as P. Diddy, Dr. Dre have been known to sample blues artists such as Bill Withers. Due to the aforementioned concerns with clearance fees, many producers opt to seek out very rare and obscure records to lend their records a unique style and to avoid being forced to pay a clearance fee. People Under The Stairs openly acknowledge not clearing their samples, hoping that the record companies whose artists they sample don't take action. For other uses, see Soul music (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Rhythm and blues (disambiguation). ... This article is about the music genre. ... For other uses, including related musical genres, see Funk (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Jazz (disambiguation). ... Sean John Combs (born November 4, 1969)[1] is an American record producer, CEO, clothing designer, actor and rapper. ... For the New York radio and television presenter, see Doctor Dre. ... Blues music redirects here. ... Bill Withers (born July 4, 1938 in Slab Fork, West Virginia) is an American singer-songwriter who performed and recorded from the late 1960s until the mid 1980s. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Beats

The drum beat is another core element of hip hop production. Its speed and complexity dictates the pace and impact of the recording. While some beats are sampled, others are created by drum machines such as the Roland TR-808 and the Alesis SR-16. Others yet are a hybrid of the two techniques, sampled parts of drum beats that are arranged in original patterns altogether. Another mainstay in hip-hop is the use of Ensoniq's ASR-10 synthesizer to provide beats, particularly by The Neptunes and the MPC 2000. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The Roland TR-808 Rhythm Composer was one of the first programmable drum machines (TR serving as an acronym for Transistor Rhythm). Introduced by the Roland Corporation in late 1980, it was originally manufactured for use as a tool for studio musicians to create demos. ... The Alesis SR-16 is a popular drum machine that was originally introduced in 1991 but is still being produced today. ... The Neptunes is the name for the record production duo consisting of Pharrell Williams and Chad Hugo, who created the sound for some very successful Hip Hop, R&B and Pop artists in the late-90s and 2000s. ...

Since the percussive element of hip hop music is the very punctuation of its sound, the sounds a producer chooses to represent the percussion are important. Some producers have drum kits all their own, such as Dr. Dre, Timbaland and Neptunes. Some drum sounds, such as the TR-808 cowbell, remain as historical elements of hip hop lore used in modern hip hop to lend a more credible and mature sound to the recording. For the New York radio and television presenter, see Doctor Dre. ... Timothy Z. Mosley (born March 10, 1971), better known as Timbaland, is an American musical composer and R&B record producer and rapper whose style influenced both genres even helping to blur the distinction between the two, as well as Pop and Dance music. ... The Neptunes are Pharrell Williams and Chad Hugo, a pair of producers based in their hometown of Virginia Beach, Virginia who created the sound for some of hip-hops most successful artists (Nellys Hot In Herre, Jay-Zs Change Clothes) and pop icons (Britney Spears Im...

Scratching

A turntable is used to interpolate samples or beats and sound. Due to the versatile time and pitch control of a modern DJ turntable, the turntable becomes an instrument all its own, capable of producing unique and original sounds. It is often used to provide a human touch to an otherwise "clean" recording. Of the most popular turntables, some are the analog Technics SL-1200 or Vestax PDX-2000MkII and the digital Pioneer CDJ1000. One of the most notable producers to use scratching in his production is DJ Premier. Scratching is a DJ or turntablist technique used to produce sounds for some types of music. ... Edison cylinder phonograph from about 1899 The phonograph, or gramophone, was the most common device for playing recorded sound from the 1870s through the 1980s. ... Technics SL-1200MK2 The Technics SL-1200 is a series of turntables manufactured since October 1972 by Matsushita under the brand name of Technics. ... Old Pioneer Logo (Until 1998) Pioneer Corporation ) (TYO: 6773 ) is a Japanese multinational corporation that specializes in digital entertainment products, based in Tokyo, Japan. ... The CDJ1000 was created by Pioneer Electronics in 2001. ... This biographical article or section needs additional references for verification. ...

Studio parts

A producer's studio is the environment where they produce music. It can be as varied as a four-track sequencer and a collection of tapes or a multi-million dollar studio loaded with advanced sound processing hardware.

Recording

In hip hop, a multi-track recorder is standard for recording. Digital ADAT tape recorders have become standard over the years. Alternatively, a producer can use a PC as a multi-track recorder, with or without external hardware (outboard). The Tascam 85 16B analogue tape recorder can record 16 tracks of audio on 1 inch (2. ... This is an article about the digital recording format. ... A stylised illustration of a modern personal computer A personal computer (PC) is a computer whose original sales price, size, and capabilities make it useful for individuals. ...

Vocal recording

Generally, professional producers opt for a condenser microphone for studio recording, mostly due to their wide-range response and high quality. A primary alternative to the expensive condenser microphone is the dynamic microphone, used more often in live performances due to its durability. The major disadvantages of condenser microphones are their expense and fragility. Also, most condenser microphones require phantom power, unlike dynamic microphones. Conversely, the disadvantages of dynamic microphones are they don't generally possess the wide spectrum of condenser microphones and their frequency response is not as uniform. Many hip-hop producers typically used the Neumann U-87 for recording vocals. But today, many producers in this musical genre use the Sony C-800 tube microphone. Compressors, both software and hardware, are also prevalently used during recording and post-production. Microphones redirects here. ... Microphones redirects here. ... Audio level compression, also called dynamic range compression, volume compression, compression, limiting, or DRC (often seen in DVD player settings) is a process that manipulates the dynamic range of an audio signal. ...

Sequencers and Samplers

A sequencer or a sequencing device or module is used invariably with instruments. One of the most popular sequencers in old-school hip hop was the Akai MPC60, whose successors MPC2000, MPC2500, MPC3000, and MPC4000 have been quintessential in modern hip hop production. Since a sequencer triggers instruments instead of simply playing back music, it is used in more sophisticated production environments than the basic "two turntables and a mic" configuration that most live hip hop is produced with. A sampler is used to play back samples that will not be interpolated as a media. Most sequencers, like the aforementioned Akai MPC products, are also samplers. Among standalone samplers there are the ShaBoo 3000 S-series samplers, the Roland S-series samplers, and others. In the field of electronic music, a sequencer was traditionally a device or piece of software that allows the user to record, play back and edit musical patterns. ... An AKAI MPC2000 sampler Playing a Yamaha SU10 Sampler A sampler is an electronic music instrument closely related to a synthesizer. ... Download high resolution version (1280x960, 212 KB)Photo of an AKAI MPC2000 for the Sampler (musical instrument) article. ... Download high resolution version (1280x960, 212 KB)Photo of an AKAI MPC2000 for the Sampler (musical instrument) article. ... The Akai MPC60 (MIDI Production Center 60) was an electronic musical instrument produced in 1988, by the Japanese company Akai in collaboration with celebrated designer Roger Linn. ...

Digital audio workstations

DAWs and software sequencers are used in modern hip hop production as software production products are cheaper, easier to expand, and require less room to run than their hardware counterparts. Some producers oppose complete reliance on DAWs and software, citing lower overall quality, lack of effort, and lack of identity in computer-generated beats. Sequencing software often comes under criticism from purist listeners and traditional producers as producing sounds that are flat, overly clean, and overly compressed. Overview A Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) is a system designed to record, edit, and play back digital audio. ...

Ableton Live is a loop-based software music sequencer for Macintosh and Windows by Ableton. ... Adobe Audition (formerly Cool Edit Pro) is a digital audio editor computer program from Adobe Systems featuring both a multitrack, non-destructive mix/edit environment and a destructive-approach waveform editing view. ... Apple Inc. ... Logic Pro is a MIDI sequencer and Digital Audio Workstation software application that runs on the Mac OS X platform. ... Digidesign is an American digital audio technology company. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... ÃŠCakewalk is a company based in Boston, Massachusetts that develops music [[interchange of projects between SONAR and other competing recording/editing software (e. ... Cakewalk Sonar is a computer program made by Cakewalk for recording, editing, mixing, mastering and outputting music and other audio. ... Steinberg is a German musical equipment and software company. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Image-Line Software is a Belgian software company. ... FL Studio (formerly Fruity Loops) is a digital audio workstation, developed by Didier Dambrin (also known as Gol), lead programmer of Image-Line Software. ... Reason is a popular music software program developed by Swedish software developers Propellerhead Software. ... Sony Corporation ) is a Japanese multinational corporation and one of the worlds largest media conglomerates with revenue of $66. ... Sony ACID Pro (formerly called ACID Music) is the name of the loop-based music production software originally published by Sonic Foundry that is now owned and run by Sony. ... Apple Inc. ... GarageBand is a software application that allows users to create music or podcasts. ... Digital Performer is a full-featured Digital Audio Workstation/Sequencer software package published by Mark of the Unicorn (MOTU) of Cambridge, Massachusetts for the Apple Macintosh platform. ...

Synthesizers

Synthesizers are used quite often in hip hop production. They are used for melody, basslines, as percussive stabs, and for sound synthesis. The use of synthesizers has been popularized largely by Dr. Dre during the G-Funk era. Modern use of synthesizers is rampant by producers such as Jim Jonsin,Cool and Dre, Lil Jon, Scott Storch, and Neptunes. Often in low-budget studio environments or environments constrained by space limitations, producers employ Virtual Instruments in place of hardware synthesizers. Virtual Instruments are also now running ramped in high-budget studio environments. For other uses, see Synthesizer (disambiguation). ... For the New York radio and television presenter, see Doctor Dre. ... G-funk, an abbreviation of Gangsta-funk, is a type of hip hop music that emerged from West Coast gangsta rap in the early 1990s. ... Jim Jonsin is a producer and song-writer currently working for Atlantic Records. ... // Cool and Dre (born in Miami, Florida) are a team of hip hop producers, consisting of Marcello Valenzano and Andre Lyon from the North Miami area. ... Jonathan Smith (born January 27, 1971), better known by his stage name Lil Jon, is an American rapper, hype man, and producer. ... Scott Spencer Storch (born December 16, 1973) is a Canadian[1] entertainer, hip hop, pop, R&B, Reggaeton record producer and an occasional rapper. ... The Neptunes are Pharrell Williams and Chad Hugo, a pair of producers based in their hometown of Virginia Beach, Virginia who created the sound for some of hip-hops most successful artists (Nellys Hot In Herre, Jay-Zs Change Clothes) and pop icons (Britney Spears Im...

Live instrumentation

Live instrumentation is not as widespread in hip hop, but is used by a number of acts and is prominent in hip hop-based fusion genres such as rapcore. Before samplers and synthesizers became prominent parts of hip hop production, early hip hop hits such as "Rapper's Delight" (The Sugarhill Gang) and "The Breaks" (Kurtis Blow) were recorded with live studio bands. During the 1980s, Stetsasonic was a pioneering example of a live hip hop band. Hip hop with live instrumentation regained prominence during the late-1990s and early 2000s with the work of The Goats, The Roots, Common, DJ Quik, and OutKast, among others. Instrumental hip hop is hip hop music without vocals. Hip hop as a general rule consists of two elements: an instrumental track (the "beat") and a vocal track (the "rap"). The artist who crafts the beat is the DJ or the producer, and the one who crafts the rap is the MC. In this format, the rap is almost always the primary focus of the song, providing most of the complexity and variation over a more or less repetitive beat. Rapcore is a musical genre that fuses the techniques of hip hop, gangsta rap, hard rock, heavy metal, alternative rock, hardcore punk and sometimes funk. ... Rappers Delight is a 1979 single by American hip hop trio The Sugarhill Gang; it was one of the first hip hop hit singles. ... The Sugarhill Gang is an American hip hop and funk group, known mostly for their biggest hit, Rappers Delight, the first hip hop single to become a Top 40 hit. ... Curtis Kurtis Blow Walker, (born on August 9, 1959, in Harlem, New York) is one of the pioneer rappers in the recording industry, and hip hops first mainstream star. ... Stetsasonic, appearing on the cover of their debut album, On Fire Stetsasonic was an American hip hop group formed in 1981 (see 1981 in music) in Brooklyn, New York. ... The Goats were an alternative hip-hop quartet from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. ... The Roots, also variously known as The Legendary Roots Crew, The Fifth Dynasty, The Square Roots and The Foundation, are an influential, Grammy-winning hip-hop band based out of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, famed for a heavily jazzy sound and live instrumentation. ... Lonnie Rashid Lynn, Jr. ... David Martin Blake (born January 18, 1970), better known as by his stage name DJ Quik, or as of 2007 simply Quik, is a West Coast rapper and record producer from Compton, California. ... OutKast is a Grammy award winning American hip hop duo based out of East Point, Georgia, a suburb of Atlanta, Georgia. ... Hip hop music is a style of music which came into existence in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s. ... For other meanings of DJ, see DJ (disambiguation). ... In the music industry, a record producer (or music producer) has many roles, among them controlling the recording sessions, coaching and guiding the musicians, organizing and scheduling production budget and resources, and supervising the recording, mixing and mastering processes. ... A Master of Ceremonies or MC (sometimes spelled emcee), sometimes called a compere or an MJ for microphone jockey, is the host of an official public or private staged event or other performance. ... Rap redirects here. ...

Instrumental hip hop is therefore hip hop music without emcee accompaniment. This format affords the DJ or producer the flexibility to create more complex, richly detailed and varied instrumentals, with less emphasis on vocals. Songs of this genre may wander off in different musical directions without the vocal constraints of the MC.

Instrumental Hip Hop

In hip hop's earliest days the beat was the focus of the music: a DJ would isolate the percussion breaks from hit funk and disco songs, mixing two copies of the same song between two turntables and thus repeating the break, as these were often the most popular and danceable parts of the songs. The origin of this practice, known as cutting, is widely credited to DJ Kool Herc. As this practice of breakbeat DJing became more popular performers began to speak over the music in order to introduce the DJ and excite the crowd. This practice (which became known as rapping, and the performers as MCs) became more and more stylized and quickly became as much a part of hip hop as the beat itself. As hip hop became commercially viable the MC began to take the spotlight, but the DJ's practice of isolating a break for the MC to rap over continued and expanded into turntablism and hip hop production, incorporating techniques such as scratching, beat juggling, and sampling. An early example of instrumental hip-hop from this era was Rockit, by Jazz artist, Herbie Hancock. For other uses, including related musical genres, see Funk (disambiguation). ... This article is about the music genre. ... For other uses, see Break. ... In hip hop music, cutting is a disc jockey technique, originated by DJ Grandmaster Flash, which is manually queueing up duplicate copies of the same record in order to play the same passage, cutting back and forth between them. ... Categories: People stubs | Hip hop musicians | Hip hop DJs | 1955 births ... DJ Mixer. ... Scratching is a DJ or turntablist technique used to produce sounds for some types of music. ... Beat juggling is the act of manipulating two or more identical samples (e. ... This article is about reusing existing sound recordings in creating new works. ... Rockit was a single from Herbie Hancocks 1983 album Future Shock. ... For other uses, see Jazz (disambiguation). ... Herbert Jeffrey Hancock (born April 12, 1940) is an Academy Award and multiple Grammy Award-winning jazz pianist and composer from Chicago, Illinois, U.S. Hancock is one of jazz musics most important and influential pianists and composers. ...

Purely instrumental hip hop tracks were not popular throughout the 1980s, but producers and DJs (such as DJ Mark the 45 King) have made and released hip hop beats without MCs since hip hop's inception. The release of DJ Shadow's debut album Endtroducing... in 1996 saw the beginnings of a rise in instrumental hip hop. Relying mainly on a combination of sampled funk, hip hop and film score, DJ Shadow chose to describe his music as "cinematic hip hop", and he has influenced countless producers and musicians from many genres ever since. In recent years, artists such as RJD2, J Dilla, Danny!, Madlib,and Blockhead have garnered critical acclaim with a number of instrumental hip hop albums. hallo elraki du pedophila pfarrerficker,du bist so fett das dei klassenfoto aus der luft aufgenommen werden musste,wenn fettheit rollen wÃ¼rde wÃ¼rdest du denn berg aufebremsen. ... DJ Shadow (born Josh Davis in 1972)[1] is an American DJ, turntablist, music producer and songwriter. ... Endtroducing. ... For other uses, including related musical genres, see Funk (disambiguation). ... A film score is a set of musical compositions written to accompany a film. ... RJD2 (born Ramble John RJ Krohn on May 27, 1976) is an American hip hop producer, singer and musician. ... Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: J Dilla James Dewitt Yancey (February 7, 1974â€“February 10, 2006), better known as J Dilla, or Jay Dee, was an American hip hop producer and MC, who emerged from the mid-1990s underground hip-hop scene in Detroit, Michigan. ... ... For the word game, see Mad Libs. ... Blockhead is the name of a theoretical computer system invented as part of a thought experiment by philosopher Ned Block, which appeared in a paper entitled Psychologism and Behaviourism. ...

Instrumental hip hop has yet to be fully recognized as a genre unto itself, and is often lumped in with trip hop, downtempo, electronica, or industrial music. This may in part be due to the fact that it is so hard to classify, as when a hip hop beat is separated from rapping and varied enough to hold a listener's attention by itself, it can go off in many musical directions. Trip hop (also known as the Bristol sound) is a term coined by United Kingdom dance magazine Mixmag, to describe a musical trend in the mid-1990s; trip hop is downtempo electronic music that grew out of Englands hip hop and house scenes. ... Downtempo (or Downbeat) is a laid-back electronic music style similar to Ambient music, but usually with a beat or groove unlike the beatless forms of Ambient music. ... Electronica refers to a wide range of contemporary electronic music designed for a wide range of uses, including foreground listening, some forms of dancing, and background music for other activities; but unlike electronic dance music, is not specifically focused on the dance floor. ... It has been suggested that Chicago Industrial be merged into this article or section. ...

Contents

Concept

History

Origins

The 1980s

The 1990s and on

Elements

Sampling

Beats

Scratching

Studio parts

Recording

Vocal recording

Sequencers and Samplers

Digital audio workstations

Synthesizers

Live instrumentation

Instrumental Hip Hop

See also

External links

Contents

Concept GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

History

Origins

The 1980s

The 1990s and on

Elements

Sampling

Beats

Scratching

Studio parts

Recording

Vocal recording

Sequencers and Samplers

Digital audio workstations

Synthesizers

Live instrumentation

Instrumental Hip Hop

See also

External links

Concept