Hippopotamus
Hippopotamus, Hippopotamus amphibius
Conservation status
Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Superorder: Cetartiodactyla Order: Artiodactyla Family: Hippopotamidae Genus: Hippopotamus Linnaeus, 1758 Species: H. amphibius
Binomial name
Hippopotamus amphibius Linnaeus, 1758[2]
Range map[1]

The hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) or hippo (Greek: ἱπποπόταμος, hippopotamos, from ἵππος, hippos, "horse", and ποταμός, potamos, "river") is a large, mostly plant-eating mammal in sub-Saharan Africa, and one of only two extant species in the family Hippopotamidae (the other is the Pygmy Hippopotamus). The hippopotamus is the heaviest extant artiodactyl, despite being considerably shorter than the giraffe. Only a hundred years ago, Hippos existed in great numbers, covering a huge range. ... The conservation status of a species is an indicator of the likelihood of that species remaining extant either in the present day or the near future. ... This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it. ... The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List and Red Data List), created in 1963, is the worlds most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of plant and animal species and can be found here. ... Scientific classification redirects here. ... For other uses, see Animal (disambiguation). ... Classes See below Chordates (phylum Chordata) are a group of animals that includes the vertebrates, together with several closely related invertebrates. ... Subclasses & Infraclasses Subclass †Allotheria* Subclass Prototheria Subclass Theria Infraclass †Trituberculata Infraclass Metatheria Infraclass Eutheria For the folk-rock band see The Mammals. ... Orders Order: Cetacea Suborders: Suina Tylopoda Ruminantia Family: Hippopotamidae Humpback Whale breaching. ... Families Antilocapridae Bovidae Camelidae Cervidae Giraffidae Hippopotamidae Moschidae Suidae Tayassuidae Tragulidae Leptochoeridae † Chaeropotamidae † Dichobunidae † Cebochoeridae † Entelodontidae † Anoplotheriidae † Anthracotheriidae † Cainotheriidae † Agriochoeridae † Merycoidodontidae † Leptomerycidae † Protoceratidae † Xiphodontidae † Amphimerycidae † Helohyidae † Gelocidae † Merycodontidae † Dromomerycidae † Raoellidae † Choeropotamidae † Sanitheriidae † The even-toed ungulates form the mammal order Artiodactyla. ... Subtaxa †Trilobophorous afarensis Geze, 1985 Hippopotaminae Gray, 1821 Hippopotamus Choeropsis †Hexaprotodon †Archaeopotamus †Saotherium †Kenyapotaminae Pickford, 1983 †Kenyapotamus †Palaeopotamus Hippopotamuses are the members of the family Hippopotamidae. ... Only a hundred years ago, Hippos existed in great numbers, covering a huge range. ... A painting of Carolus Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné, and who wrote under the Latinized name Carolus Linnaeus (May 23, 1707 – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish scientist who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of taxonomy. ... Latin name redirects here. ... A painting of Carolus Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné, and who wrote under the Latinized name Carolus Linnaeus (May 23, 1707 – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish scientist who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of taxonomy. ... Satellite image of Africa, showing the ecological break that defines the sub-Saharan area Sub-Saharan Africa is a geographical term used to describe the area of the African continent which lies south of the Sahara, or those African countries which are fully or partially located south of the Sahara. ... In biology, extant taxon is commonly used in discussions of living and fossil species. ... For other uses, see Species (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Scientific classification (disambiguation). ... Subtaxa †Trilobophorous afarensis Geze, 1985 Hippopotaminae Gray, 1821 Hippopotamus Choeropsis †Hexaprotodon †Archaeopotamus †Saotherium †Kenyapotaminae Pickford, 1983 †Kenyapotamus †Palaeopotamus Hippopotamuses are the members of the family Hippopotamidae. ... Binomial name (Morton, 1849)[2] Range map[1] Subspecies C. l. ... Families Antilocapridae Bovidae Camelidae Cervidae Giraffidae Hippopotamidae Moschidae Suidae Tayassuidae Tragulidae Leptochoeridae † Chaeropotamidae † Dichobunidae † Cebochoeridae † Entelodontidae † Anoplotheriidae † Anthracotheriidae † Cainotheriidae † Agriochoeridae † Merycoidodontidae † Leptomerycidae † Protoceratidae † Xiphodontidae † Amphimerycidae † Helohyidae † Gelocidae † Merycodontidae † Dromomerycidae † Raoellidae † Choeropotamidae † Sanitheriidae † The even-toed ungulates form the mammal order Artiodactyla. ... Binomial name Linnaeus, 1758 Range map The giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) is an African even-toed ungulate mammal, the tallest of all land-living animal species. ...

This compound word is the wrong way round for Greek and correctly would mean "horse-river". The more common Ancient Greek term was ἱππος ποταμου "horse of river", Beginning of Homers Odyssey The Ancient Greek language is the historical stage of the Greek language[1] as it existed during the Archaic (9th–6th centuries BC) and Classical (5th–4th centuries BC) periods in Ancient Greece. ...

The hippopotamus is semi-aquatic, inhabiting rivers and lakes where territorial bulls preside over a stretch of river and groups of 5 to 30 females and young. During the day they remain cool by staying in the water or mud; reproduction and childbirth both occur in water. They emerge at dusk to graze on grass. While hippopotamuses rest near each other in the water, grazing is a solitary activity and hippos are not territorial on land.

Despite their physical resemblance to pigs and other terrestrial even-toed ungulates, their closest living relatives are cetaceans (whales, porpoises, etc.) from which they diverged about 55 million years ago.^[3] The common ancestor of whales and hippos split from other even-toed ungulates around 60 million years ago.^[4] The earliest known hippopotamus fossils, belonging to the genus Kenyapotamus in Africa, date to around 16 million years ago. For other uses, see Pig (disambiguation). ... Suborders Mysticeti Odontoceti Archaeoceti (extinct) (see text for families) The order Cetacea (IPA: , L. cetus, whale) includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. ... This article is about the animal. ... Genera Neophocaena Phocoena - Harbor porpoise Phocoenoides - Dalls porpoise The porpoises are small cetaceans of the family Phocoenidae; they are related to whales and dolphins. ... For other uses, see Genus (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Kenyapotamus coryndoni and Kenyapotamus ternani Pickford, 1983 Kenyapotamus is an extinct ancestor of the modern Hippopotamus which lived in Africa roughly 16 million to 8 million years ago during the Miocene epoch. ...

The hippopotamus is recognizable by its barrel-shaped torso, enormous mouth and teeth, nearly-hairless body, stubby legs and tremendous size. It is the third-largest land mammal by weight (between 1½ and 3½ tons), behind the white rhinoceros (1½ to 4 tons) and elephants (3 to 7 tons). Despite its stocky shape and short legs, it can easily outrun a human. Hippos have been clocked at 18 mph (29 km/h) over short distances. The hippopotamus is one of the most aggressive creatures in the world and is often regarded as the most ferocious animal in Africa. There are an estimated 125,000 to 150,000 hippos throughout Sub-Saharan Africa; Zambia (40,000) and Tanzania (20,000–30,000) possess the largest populations.^[1] They are still threatened by habitat loss and poaching for their meat and ivory canine teeth. Binomial name Burchell, 1817 The White Rhinoceros original range (orange: Northern (C. s. ... Genera and Species Loxodonta Loxodonta cyclotis Loxodonta africana Elephas Elephas maximus Elephas antiquus † Elephas beyeri † Elephas celebensis † Elephas cypriotes † Elephas ekorensis † Elephas falconeri † Elephas iolensis † Elephas planifrons † Elephas platycephalus † Elephas recki † Stegodon † Mammuthus † Elephantidae (the elephants) is a family of pachyderm, and the only remaining family in the order Proboscidea... Satellite image of Africa, showing the ecological break that defines the sub-Saharan area Sub-Saharan Africa is a geographical term used to describe the area of the African continent which lies south of the Sahara, or those African countries which are fully or partially located south of the Sahara. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Taxonomy and origins

Hippopotamuses (plural hippopotami is also used;^[5] hippos can be used as a short plural) are gregarious, living in groups of up to 30 animals; such a group is called a pod, herd, dale or bloat. A male hippopotamus is known as a bull, a female as a cow and a baby as a calf. They are also known as the Common Hippopotamus or the Nile Hippopotamus. This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

The hippopotamus is the type genus of the family Hippopotamidae. The Pygmy Hippopotamus belongs to a different genus in Hippopotamidae, either Choeropsis or Hexaprotodon. Hippopotamidae are sometimes known as Hippopotamids. Sometimes the sub-family Hippopotaminae is used. Further, some taxonomists group hippopotamuses and anthracotheres in the super-family Anthracotheroidea or Hippopotamoidea. In biology, a type is that which fixes a name to a taxon. ... Subtaxa †Trilobophorous afarensis Geze, 1985 Hippopotaminae Gray, 1821 Hippopotamus Choeropsis †Hexaprotodon †Archaeopotamus †Saotherium †Kenyapotaminae Pickford, 1983 †Kenyapotamus †Palaeopotamus Hippopotamuses are the members of the family Hippopotamidae. ... Binomial name (Morton, 1849)[2] Range map[1] Subspecies C. l. ... Binomial name Hexaprotodon liberiensis (Morton, 1849) The Pygmy Hippopotamus (Hexaprotodon liberiensis) is a large mammal native to the forests and swamps of western Africa (the species name, meaning of Liberia, reflects this). ... Binomial name Choeropsis liberiensis (Morton, 1849) Subspecies The Pygmy Hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis) is a large mammal native to the forests and swamps of western Africa (the species name, meaning of Liberia, reflects this). ... Anthracotheriidae is a family of extinct, hippopotamus-like artiodactyl ungulates related to both hippopotami and pigs. ...

Five subspecies of hippos have been described based on morphological differences in their skulls and geographical differences:^[6] The term morphology in biology refers to the outward appearance (shape, structure, colour, pattern) of an organism or taxon and its component parts. ...

• H. a. amphibius – (the nominate subspecies) which stretched from Egypt, where they are now extinct, south up the Nile River to Tanzania and Mozambique.
• H. a. kiboko – in the Horn of Africa, in Kenya and Somalia. Kiboko is the Swahili word for hippo. Broader nasals and more hollowed interorbital region.
• H. a. capensis – from Zambia to South Africa. Most flattened skull of the subspecies.
• H. a. tschadensis – throughout Western Africa to, as the name suggests, Chad. Slightly shorter and wider face, with prominent orbits.
• H. a. constrictus – in Angola, the southern Democratic Republic of Congo and Namibia. Named for its deeper preorbital constriction.

The suggested subspecies were never widely used or validated by field biologists; the described morphological differences were small enough that they could have resulted from simple variation in non-representative samples.^[7] Genetic analyses have tested the existence of three of these putative subspecies. A study examining mitochondrial DNA from skin biopsies taken from 13 sampling locations, considered genetic diversity and structure among hippo populations across the continent. The authors found low but significant genetic differentiation among H. a. amphibius, H. a. capensis, and H. a. kiboko. Neither H.a.tschadensis nor H.a.constrictus have been tested.^[8][9] There is also Nile, a death metal band from South Carolina, USA. The Nile in Egypt Length 6 695 km Elevation of the source 1 134 m Average discharge 2 830 m³/s Area watershed 3 400 000 km² Origin Africa Mouth the Mediterranean Basin countries Uganda - Sudan - Egypt The... The Horn of Africa. ... The Democratic Republic of the Congo, called Zaïre between 1971 and 1997, is a nation in central Africa. ... Mitochondrial DNA (some captions in German) Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is the DNA located in organelles called mitochondria. ...

Classification

A hippo's skull, showing the large canine teeth used for fighting

Hippopotamidae are classified along with other even-toed ungulates in the order Artiodactyla. Other artiodactyls include camels, cows, deer and pigs, although hippopotamuses are not closely related to these groups. For other uses of Skull, see Skull (disambiguation). ... The Canine teeth are the long, pointed teeth used for grabbing hold of and tearing apart foods, also called cuspids, dogteeth or fangs. Species that feature them, such as humans and dogs, usually have four, two in the top jaw, two in the lower, on either side of the Incisors. ... Families Suidae Hippopotamidae Tayassuidae Camelidae Tragulidae Moschidae Cervidae Giraffidae Antilocapridae Bovidae The even-toed ungulates form the mammal order Artiodactyla. ... In scientific classification used in biology, the order (Latin: ordo, plural ordines) is a rank between class and family (termed a taxon at that rank). ... Families Suidae Hippopotamidae Tayassuidae Camelidae Tragulidae Moschidae Cervidae Giraffidae Antilocapridae Bovidae The even-toed ungulates form the mammal order Artiodactyla. ... For other uses, see Camel (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758 Rainbow arching over a paddock of cattle Cattle are domesticated ungulates, a member of the subfamily Bovinae of the family Bovidae. ... This article is about the ruminant animal. ... This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ...

As indicated by the name, ancient Greeks considered the hippopotamus to be related to the horse. Until 1985, naturalists grouped hippos with pigs, based on molar patterns. However, several lines of evidence, first from blood proteins, then from molecular systematics^[10] and DNA ^[11][12] and the fossil record, show that their closest living relatives are cetaceans—whales, porpoises and the like.^[13][14] The common ancestor of hippos and whales branched off from Ruminantia and the rest of the even-toed ungulates; the cetacean and hippo lineages split soon afterwards.^[11][15] Table of natural history, 1728 Cyclopaedia Natural history is an umbrella term for what are now often viewed as several distinct scientific disciplines of integrative organismal biology. ... For other uses, see Pig (disambiguation). ... Molars are the rearmost and most complicated kind of tooth in most mammals. ... For other uses, see Blood (disambiguation). ... A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin showing coloured alpha helices. ... It has been suggested that molecular phylogeny be merged into this article or section. ... The structure of part of a DNA double helix Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is a nucleic acid molecule that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Fossil. ... Suborders Mysticeti Odontoceti (see text) The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. ... This article is about the animal. ... Genera Neophocaena Phocoena - Harbor porpoise Phocoenoides - Dalls porpoise The porpoises are small cetaceans of the family Phocoenidae; they are related to whales and dolphins. ... Families  Tragulidae  Moschidae  Cervidae  Giraffidae  Antilocapridae  Bovidae The biological suborder Ruminantia includes many of the well-known large grazing or browsing mammals: among them cattle, goats, sheep, deer, and antelope. ...

Evolution

The most recent theory of the origins of Hippopotamidae suggests that hippos and whales shared a common semi-aquatic ancestor that branched off from other artiodactyls around 60 million years ago.^[11][13] This hypothesized ancestral group likely split into two branches around 54 million years ago.^[10] One branch would evolve into cetaceans, possibly beginning about 52 million years ago with the proto-whale Pakicetus and other early whale ancestors collectively known as Archaeoceti, which eventually underwent aquatic adaptation into the completely aquatic cetaceans.^[15] The cetaceans (whales, dolphins and porpoises) are descendants of land-living mammals, and remnants of their terrestrial origins can be found in the fact that they must breathe air from the surface; in the bones of their fins, which look like huge, jointed hands; and in the vertical movement of... Binomial name Pakicetus inachus Gingerich & Russell, 1981 Pakicetus is a genus of extinct cetaceans found in the upper Eocene of Pakistan, whence their name. ... Families and Clades see text Archaeoceti, or ancient whales are a paraphyletic group of cetaceans that gave rise to Autoceti - the new cetaceans. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Suborders Mysticeti Odontoceti Archaeoceti (extinct) (see text for families) The order Cetacea (IPA: , L. cetus, whale) includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. ...

Anthracotherium magnus and Elomeryx armatus, two anthracotheres from the Oligocene, already bore similarities to the modern hippopotamus.

The other branch became the anthracotheres, a large family of four-legged beasts, the earliest of whom in the late Eocene would have resembled skinny hippopotamuses with comparatively small and narrow heads. All branches of the anthracotheres, except that which evolved into Hippopotamidae, became extinct during the Pliocene without leaving any descendants.^[13]-1... Species Elomeryx is an extinct genus of mammal. ... Anthracotheriidae is a family of extinct, hippopotamus-like artiodactyl ungulates related to both hippopotami and pigs. ... The Oligocene epoch is a geologic period of time that extends from about 34 million to 23 million years before the present. ... Anthracotheriidae is a family of extinct, hippopotamus-like artiodactyl ungulates related to both hippopotami and pigs. ... hfajhfiudshfas == == == --24. ... Subtaxa †Trilobophorous afarensis Geze, 1985 Hippopotaminae Gray, 1821 Hippopotamus Choeropsis †Hexaprotodon †Archaeopotamus †Saotherium †Kenyapotaminae Pickford, 1983 †Kenyapotamus †Palaeopotamus Hippopotamuses are the members of the family Hippopotamidae. ... The Pliocene epoch (spelled Pleiocene in some older texts) is the period in the geologic timescale that extends from 5. ...

A rough evolutionary lineage can be traced, however, from Eocene and Oligocene species: Anthracotherium and Elomeryx to the Miocene Merycopotamus and Libycosaurus and the very latest anthracotheres in the Pliocene.^[16] Merycopotamus, Libycosaurus and all hippopotamids can be considered to form a clade, with Libycosaurus being more closely related to hippos. Their common ancestor would have lived in the Miocene, about 20 million years ago. The Oligocene epoch is a geologic period of time that extends from about 34 million to 23 million years before the present. ... -1... Species Elomeryx is an extinct genus of mammal. ... The Miocene Epoch is a period of time that extends from about 23. ... Merycopotamus is an extinct species of Anthracothere that existed in the Middle Miocene. ... This Tree of Life article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... The Pliocene epoch (spelled Pleiocene in some older texts) is the period in the geologic timescale that extends from 5. ... A clade is a term belonging to the discipline of cladistics. ...

Hippopotamids are therefore deeply nested within the family Anthracotheriidae. The Hippopotamidae are believed to have evolved in Africa; the oldest known hippopotamid is the genus Kenyapotamus which lived in Africa from 16 to 8 million years ago. While hippoptamid species spread across Asia and Europe, no hippopotamuses have ever been discovered in the Americas, although various anthracothere genera emigrated into North America during the early Oligocene. From 7.5 to 1.8 million years ago an ancestor to the modern hippopotamus, Archaeopotamus, lived in Africa and the Middle East.^[17] Anthracotheriidae is a family of extinct, hippopotamus-like artiodactyl ungulates related to both hippopotami and pigs. ... Binomial name Kenyapotamus coryndoni and Kenyapotamus ternani Pickford, 1983 Kenyapotamus is an extinct ancestor of the modern Hippopotamus which lived in Africa roughly 16 million to 8 million years ago during the Miocene epoch. ... The Oligocene epoch is a geologic period of time that extends from about 34 million to 23 million years before the present. ... Species Archaeopotamus is an extinct genus of hippopotamidae that lived between 7. ...

While the fossil record of hippos is still poorly understood, the two modern genera, Hippopotamus and Choeropsis (sometimes Hexaprotodon), may have diverged as far back as 8 million years ago. Taxonomists disagree whether or not the modern Pygmy Hippopotamus is a member of Hexaprotodon—an apparently paraphyletic genus also embracing many extinct Asian hippopotamuses that is more closely related to Hippopotamus, or Choeropsis—an older and basal genus.^[16][17] Binomial name Hexaprotodon liberiensis (Morton, 1849) The Pygmy Hippopotamus (Hexaprotodon liberiensis) is a large mammal native to the forests and swamps of western Africa (the species name, meaning of Liberia, reflects this). ... Binomial name Choeropsis liberiensis (Morton, 1849) Subspecies The Pygmy Hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis) is a large mammal native to the forests and swamps of western Africa (the species name, meaning of Liberia, reflects this). ... Binomial name (Morton, 1849)[2] Range map[1] Subspecies C. l. ... Paraphyletic - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... In phylogenetics, basal members of a group diverged earlier than a subgroup of others (or vice versa). ...

Extinct species

Hippopotamus gorgops, which had unusually high orbits, lived in Europe but became extinct before the last Ice Age.

As many as three species of Malagasy Hippopotamus became extinct during the Holocene on Madagascar, one of them within the past 1,000 years. The Malagasy Hippos were smaller than the modern hippopotamus, likely through the process of insular dwarfism.^[18] There is fossil evidence that many Malagasy Hippos were hunted by humans, a likely factor in their eventual extinction.^[18][19] Isolated members of Malagasy Hippopotamus may have survived in remote pockets; in 1976, villagers described a living animal called the Kilopilopitsofy, which may have been a Malagasy Hippopotamus.^[20] This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Species Hippopotamus lemerlei [1] Hippopotamus laloumena[2] [1] or [3] or [4] Several species of Malagasy Hippopotamus (also known as Malagasy Dwarf Hippopotamus or Malagasy Pygmy Hippopotamus or Madagascan instead of Malagasy) lived on the island of Madagascar but are now believed to be extinct. ... Insular dwarfism is the process and condition of the reduction in size of large animals - almost always mammals - when their gene pool is limited to a very small environment, primarily islands. ...

Two separate species of Hippopotamus, the European Hippopotamus (H. antiquus) and H. gorgops ranged throughout continental Europe and the British Isles. Both species became extinct before the last glaciation. Ancestors of European Hippos, found their way to many islands of the Mediterranean, during the Pleistocene.^[21] Both species were larger than the modern hippopotamus, averaging about 1 meter (3.3 feet) longer. Binomial name Hippopotamus antiquus Desmarest 1822 The European Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus antiquus) was a species of hippopotamus that ranged across Europe, becoming extinct some time before the last ice age at the end of the Pleistocene epoch. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... The Pleistocene epoch (IPA: ) on the geologic timescale is the period from 1,808,000 to 11,550 years BP. The Pleistocene epoch had been intended to cover the worlds recent period of repeated glaciations. ...

The Pleistocene also saw a number of dwarf species evolve on several Mediterranean islands including Crete (H. creutzburgi), Cyprus (H. minor), Malta (H. melitensis) and Sicily (H. pentlandi). Of these, the Cyprus Dwarf Hippopotamus, survived until the end of the Pleistocene or early Holocene. Evidence from an archaeological site Aetokremnos, continues to cause debate on whether or not the species was encountered, and was driven to extinction, by man.^[22][21] For other uses, see Crete (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Hippopotamus creutzburgi Boekschoten and Sondaar, 1966[1] The Cretan Dwarf Hippopotamus or Hippopotamus creutzburgi is an extinct hippopotamus. ... Binomial name Phanourios minutus The Cyprus Dwarf Hippopotamus or Cypriot Pygmy Hippopotamus (Phanourios minutus) is an extinct species of hippo that inhabited the island of Cyprus until the early Holocene. ... Binomial name Hippopotamus melitensis Major, 1902[1] Hippopotamus melitensis is an extinct hippopotamus. ... Sicily ( in Italian and Sicilian) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,708 km² (9,926 sq. ... Binomial name Hippopotamus pentlandi Von Meyer, 1832[1] Hippopotamus pentlandi is an extinct hippopotamus. ... The Pleistocene epoch (IPA: ) on the geologic timescale is the period from 1,808,000 to 11,550 years BP. The Pleistocene epoch had been intended to cover the worlds recent period of repeated glaciations. ... Aetokremnos is a rock shelter near Limassol on the southern coast of Cyprus. ...

Description

A hippo at the zoo in Lisbon

A drawing of a hippopotamus skeleton

Inside the mouth of a hippopotamus

Hippopotamuses are one of the largest mammals. They can live in the water, or go on land. Their specific gravity allows them to sink and walk or run along the bottom of a river. Hippos are considered megafauna, but unlike all other African megafauna, hippos have adapted for a semi-aquatic life in freshwater lakes and rivers.^[7] For other uses, see Lisbon (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Skeleton (disambiguation). ... Relative density (also known as specific gravity) is a measure of the density of a material. ... It has been suggested that Charismatic megafauna be merged into this article or section. ... For other uses, see Adaptation (disambiguation). ...

Because of their enormous size, hippopotamuses are difficult to weigh in the wild. Most estimates of the weight come from culling operations that were carried out in the 1960s. The average weights for adult males ranged between 1500–1800 kg (3,300–4,000 lbs). Females are smaller than their male counterparts, with average weights measuring between 1300–1,500 kg (2,900–3,300 lbs).^[7] Older males can get much larger, reaching at least 3,200 kg (7,100 lbs) and occasionally weighing 4500 kg (9900 lbs).^[23][24] Male hippos appear to continue growing throughout their lives; females reach a maximum weight at around age 25.^[25] To cull is to remove from a group of animals those individuals who show signs of weakness. ...

On the National Geographic Channel television program, "Dangerous Encounters with Brady Barr", Dr. Brady Barr measured the bite pressure of an adult female hippo at 1,821 lb (826 kg); Barr also attempted to measure the bite pressure of an adult male hippo, but had to abandon the attempt due to the male's aggressiveness.^[26] The National Geographic Channel is a subscription television network that features documentaries produced by the National Geographic Society. ... Brady Barr is the host of National Geographics Reptile Wild and Dangerous Encounters. ...

Hippos measure 3.3 to 5.2 meters (11 to 17 ft) long, including a tail of about 56 centimeters (22 in) in length, which includes a large horn and a small wisp of hair projecting out of its right side depending on the gender, and average about 1.5 meters (5 ft) tall at the shoulder.^[27][28] The range of hippopotamus sizes overlaps with the range of the White Rhinoceros; use of different metrics makes it unclear which is the largest land animal after elephants. Even though they are bulky animals, hippopotamuses can run faster than a human on land. Estimates of their running speed vary from 30 km/h (18 mph) to 40 km/h (25 mph), or even 50 km/h (30 mph). The hippo can maintain these higher speeds for only a few hundred meters.^[7] Binomial name Burchell, 1817 The White Rhinoceros original range (orange: Northern (C. s. ... Genera and Species Loxodonta Loxodonta cyclotis Loxodonta africana Elephas Elephas maximus Elephas antiquus † Elephas beyeri † Elephas celebensis † Elephas cypriotes † Elephas ekorensis † Elephas falconeri † Elephas iolensis † Elephas planifrons † Elephas platycephalus † Elephas recki † Stegodon † Mammuthus † Elephantidae (the elephants) is a family of pachyderm, and the only remaining family in the order Proboscidea...

A bull hippo out of water during daylight, Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania

A hippo's lifespan is typically 40 to 50 years.^[7] Donna the Hippo, 57, is the oldest living hippo in captivity. She lives at the Mesker Park Zoo in Evansville, Indiana.^[29][30] The oldest hippo ever recorded was called Tanga; she lived in Munich, Germany, and died in 1995 at the age of 61.^[31] View of the Ngorongoro Crater The Ngorongoro Conservation Area or NCA is a conservation area situated 180 km west of Arusha in the Crater Highlands area of Tanzania. ... Mesker Park Zoo The Mesker Park Zoo and Botanic Garden is a zoo located in Evansville, Indiana. ... For other places named Evansville, see Evansville (disambiguation). ...

The eyes, ears, and nostrils of hippos are placed high on the roof of the skull. This allows them to be in the water with most of their body submerged in the waters and mud of tropical rivers to stay cool and prevent sunburn. Their skeletal structure is graviportal, adapted to carrying the animals' enormous weight. Hippopotamuses have small legs (relative to other megafauna) because the water in which they live reduces the weight burden. Like other aquatic mammals, the hippopotamus has very little hair.^[7] A noontime scene from the Philippines on a day when the Sun is almost directly overhead. ... It has been suggested that Charismatic megafauna be merged into this article or section. ...

A submerged hippo at the Memphis zoo

Their skin secretes a natural sunscreen substance which is red-colored. The secretion is sometimes referred to as "blood sweat," but is neither blood nor sweat. This secretion is initially colorless and turns red-orange within minutes, eventually becoming brown. Two distinct pigments have been identified in the secretions, one red (hipposudoric acid) and one orange (norhipposudoric acid). The two pigments are highly acidic compounds. Both pigments inhibit the growth of disease-causing bacteria; as well, the light absorption of both pigments peaks in the ultraviolet range, creating a sunscreen effect. All hippos, even those with different diets, secrete the pigments, so it does not appear that food is the source of the pigments. Instead, the animals may synthesize the pigments from precursors such as the amino acid tyrosine. ^[32] Memphis was the wife of Epaphus, the founder of Memphis, Egypt in Greek mythology. ... Sunscreen (also known as sunblock, suntan lotion) is a lotion, spray or other topical product that is intended to protect the skin from the suns ultraviolet (UV) radiation. ... Natural Ultramarine pigment in powdered form. ... For other uses, see acid (disambiguation). ... Phyla Actinobacteria Aquificae Chlamydiae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Lentisphaerae Nitrospirae Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Verrucomicrobia Bacteria (singular: bacterium) are unicellular microorganisms. ... Absorption, in optics, is the process by which the energy of a photon is taken up by another entity, for example, by an atom whose valence electrons make a transition between two electronic energy levels. ... For other uses, see Ultraviolet (disambiguation). ... A protein precursor is an inactive protein (or peptide) that can be turned into an active form by posttranslational modification. ... This article is about the class of chemicals. ... Tyrosine (from the Greek tyros, meaning cheese, as it was first discovered in 1846 by German chemist Justus von Liebig in the protein casein from cheese[1][2]), 4-hydroxyphenylalanine, or 2-amino-3(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid, is one of the 20 amino acids that are used by cells...

Distribution

Hippopotamus amphibius was widespread in North Africa and Europe during the Eemian^[33] and late Pleistocene until about 30,000 years ago, and it can live in colder climates provided the water does not freeze during winter.^{[citation needed]} The species was common in Egypt's Nile region until historic times but has since been extirpated. Pliny the Elder writes that, in his time, the best location in Egypt for capturing this animal was in the Saite nome;^[34] the animal could still be found along the Damietta branch after the Arab Conquest in 639. Hippos are still found in the rivers and lakes of Uganda, Sudan, Somalia, Kenya, northern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Ethiopia, west through Ghana to Gambia, and also in Southern Africa (Botswana, Republic of South Africa, Zimbabwe, Zambia). A separate population exists in Tanzania and Mozambique.^[7]  Northern Africa (UN subregion)  geographic, including above North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan Africa. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... Two ice core temperature records; the Eemian is at a depth of about 1500-1800 meters in the lower graph The Eemian interglacial era (known as the Sangamon era in North America, the Ipswichian interglacial in the UK, and the Riss-Würm interglacial in the Alps) is the second... For other uses, see Nile (disambiguation). ... Pliny the Elder: an imaginative 19th Century portrait. ... Sais was the chief city of the fifth nome of Lower Egypt, located in the western edge of the Nile Delta. ... The Republic of The Gambia is a country in West Africa. ... Categories: Africa geography stubs | Southern Africa ... The Republic of South Africa is a large republic located at the southern tip of the continent. ...

Conservation status

The Hippopotamus Hunt (1617), by Peter Paul Rubens

Genetic evidence suggests that common hippos in Africa experienced a marked population expansion during or after the Pleistocene Epoch, attributed to an increase in water bodies at the end of the era. These findings have important conservation implications as hippo populations across the continent are currently threatened by loss of access to fresh water.^[8] Hippos are also subject to unregulated hunting and poaching. In May 2006 the hippopotamus was identified as a vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List drawn up by the World Conservation Union (IUCN), with an estimated population of between 125,000 and 150,000 hippos, a decline of between 7 percent and 20 percent since the IUCN's 1996 study.^[1] Peter Paul Rubens (June 28, 1577 – May 30, 1640) was a prolific seventeenth-century Flemish and European painter, and a proponent of an exuberant Baroque style that emphasized movement, color, and sensuality. ... The Pleistocene epoch is part of the geologic timescale, usually dated as 1. ... For other uses, see Poaching (disambiguation). ... This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it. ... The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List and Red Data List), created in 1963, is the worlds most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of plant and animal species and can be found here. ... The World Conservation Union or International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) is an international organization dedicated to natural resource conservation. ...

The hippo population declined most dramatically in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.^[35] The population in Virunga National Park had dropped to 800 or 900 from around 29,000 in the mid 1970s.^[36] The decline is attributed to the disruptions caused by the Second Congo War.^[36] The poachers are believed to be former Hutu rebels, poorly paid Congolese soldiers, and local militia groups.^[36] Reasons for poaching include the belief that hippos are unintelligent, that they are harmful to society, and also for money.^[37] The sale of hippo meat is illegal, but black-market sales are difficult for Virunga National Park officers to track.^[36][37] The Virunga National Park lies in the Virunga Mountains of the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, bordering Volcans National Park in Rwanda and Rwenzori National Park in Uganda. ... Combatants Democratic Republic of the Congo, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Angola, Chad, Mai-Mai, Hutu-aligned forces Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Movement for the Liberation of Congo Congolese Rally for Democracy Tutsi-aligned forces Commanders Laurent-Désiré Kabila (Congo), Joseph Kabila (Congo), Sam Nujoma Robert Mugabe José Eduardo dos Santos Idriss D... The Hutu are a Central African ethnic group, living mainly in Rwanda and Burundi. ... The Virunga National Park lies in the Virunga Mountains of the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, bordering Volcans National Park in Rwanda and Rwenzori National Park in Uganda. ...

Invasive potential

In the late 1980s, Pablo Escobar kept four hippos in a private menagerie at his residence in Hacienda Napoles, 100 km east of Medellín (Colombia), after buying them in New Orleans. They were deemed too difficult to seize and move after Escobar's fall, and hence left on the untended estate. By 2007, the animals had multiplied to 16 and taken to roaming the area for food in the nearby Magdalena River.^[38]. In 2009, 3 individuals, two adults and one calf, escaped the herd, and after attacking humans and killing cattle, one of the adults, called "Pepe," was killed by hunters under authorization of the local authorities ^{[39] [40]}.It is unknown what kind of effects this might have to the ecosystem in Colombia. According to experts interviewed by W Radio Colombia, the animals could survive in the Colombian jungles. However, it is believed that the lack of control from the Colombian government which is not used to deal with this species could result in human fatalities. Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria, a. ... (Spanish for Naples State) was the luxurious estate built and owned by Colombian drug dealer Pablo Escobar in Puerto Triunfo, Antioquia (320 kms NW from Bogotá) with about 2000 ha. ... For other uses, see Medellín (disambiguation). ... Map of the Magdalena River watershed. ...

Behavior

An open mouth signals that the hippo feels threatened.

Hippos spend most of their days wallowing in the water or the mud, with the other members of their pod. The water serves to keep their body temperature down, and to keep their skin from drying out. With the exception of eating, most of hippopotamuses' lives—from childbirth, fighting with other hippos, and reproduction—occur in the water.

Hippos leave the water at dusk and travel inland, sometimes up to 8 kilometers (5 mi), to graze on short grass, their main source of food. They spend four to five hours grazing and can consume 68 kilograms (150 lb) of grass each night.^[41] Like almost any herbivore, they will consume many other plants if presented with them, but their diet in nature consists almost entirely of grass, with only minimal consumption of aquatic plants.^[42] Hippos have (rarely) been filmed eating carrion, usually close to the water. There are other reports of meat-eating, and even cannibalism and predation.^[43] The stomach anatomy of a hippo is not suited to carnivory, and meat-eating is likely caused by aberrant behavior or nutritional stress.^[7] An American Black Vulture feeding on squirrel carrion For other uses, see Carrion (disambiguation). ... Cannibal redirects here. ... Predator and Prey redirect here. ...

The diet of hippos consists mostly of terrestrial grasses, but they spend most of their time in the water. Most of their defecation occurs in the water, creating allochthonous deposits of organic matter along the river beds. These deposits have an unclear ecological function.^[42] Because of their size and their habit of taking the same paths to feed, hippos can have a significant impact on the land they walk across, both by keeping the land clear of vegetation and depressing the ground. Over prolonged periods hippos can divert the paths of swamps and channels.^[44] Schematic overview of a thrust system. ...

A submerged hippo at the San Diego Zoo. Adult hippos typically resurface to breathe every 3–5 minutes.

Adult hippos cannot swim and are not buoyant. When in deep water, they usually propel themselves by leaps, pushing off from the bottom. They move at speeds up to 8 km/h (5 mph) in water. However, young hippos are buoyant and more often move by swimming—propelling themselves with kicks of their hind legs. Adult hippos typically resurface to breathe every 3–5 minutes. The young have to breathe every two to three minutes.^[7] The process of surfacing and breathing is automatic, and even a hippo sleeping underwater will rise and breathe without waking. A hippo closes its nostrils when it submerges. The world-famous San Diego Zoo in Balboa Park, San Diego, California is one of the largest, most progressive zoos in the world with over 4,000 animals of more than 800 species. ... In physics, buoyancy is an upward force on an object immersed in a fluid (i. ...

Social life

Studying the interaction of male and female hippopotamuses has long been complicated by the fact that hippos are not sexually dimorphic and thus females and young males are almost indistinguishable in the field.^[45] Although hippos like to lie in close proximity to each other, they do not seem to form social bonds except between mothers and daughters, and are not social animals. The reason they huddle in close proximity is unknown.^[7] Female (left) and male Common Pheasant, illustrating the dramatic difference in form between the sexes Sexual dimorphism is the systematic difference in form between individuals of different sex in the same species. ...

It is difficult to identify the gender of hippos in the field, because all researchers can usually see are their backs, like with this pod in Zambia.

Hippopotamuses are territorial only in water, where a bull presides over a small stretch of river, on average 250 meters in length, and containing ten females. The largest pods can contain up to 100 hippos. Other bachelors are allowed in a bull's stretch, as long as they behave submissively toward the bull. The territories of hippos exist to establish mating rights. Within the pods, the hippos tend to segregate by gender. Bachelors will lounge near other bachelors, females with other females, and the bull on his own. When hippos emerge from the water to graze, they do so individually.^[7]

Hippopotamuses appear to communicate verbally, through grunts and bellows, and it is thought that they may practice echolocation, but the purpose of these vocalizations is currently unknown. Hippos have the unique ability to hold their head partially above the water and send out a cry that travels through both water and air; hippos above and under water will respond.^[46] Echolocation, also called Biosonar, is the biological sonar used by several mammals such as bats (although not all species), dolphins and whales (though not baleen whales). ...

Reproduction

Female hippos reach sexual maturity at five to six years of age and have a gestation period of 8 months. A study of endocrine systems revealed that female hippopotamuses may begin puberty as early as 3 or 4 years of age.^[47] Males reach maturity at around 7.5 years. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The endocrine system is an integrated system of small organs that involve the release of extracellular signaling molecules known as hormones. ...

A study of hippopotamus reproductive behavior in Uganda showed that peak conceptions occurred during the end of the wet season in the summer, and peak births occurred toward the beginning of the wet season in late winter. This is because of the female's estrous cycle; as with most large mammals, male hippopotamus spermatozoa is active year round. Studies of hippos in Zambia and South Africa also showed evidence of births occurring at the start of the wet season.^[7] After becoming pregnant, a female hippopotamus will typically not begin ovulation again for 17 months.^[47] The estrous cycle (also oestrous cycle; originally derived from Latin oestrus) comprises the recurring physiologic changes that are induced by reproductive hormones in most mammalian placental females. ... Schematic diagram of a sperm cell, showing the (1) acrosome, (2) cell membrane, (3) nucleus, (4) mitochondria, and (5) flagellum (tail) A sperm cell, or spermatozoon ( spermatozoa) (in Greek: sperm = semen and zoon = alive), is the haploid cell that is the male gamete. ...

Hippos can be dangerous to humans, as this sign from Kruger National Park notes.

Mating occurs in the water with the female submerged for most of the encounter, her head emerging periodically to draw breath. Hippos are one of the few mammals that give birth under water, along with Cetaceans and Sirenians (manatees and dugongs). Baby hippos are born underwater at a weight between 25 and 45 kg (60–110 lb) and an average length of around 127 cm (50 in) and must swim to the surface to take their first breath. A mother typically gives birth to only one hippo, although twins also occur. The young often rest on their mothers' backs when in water that is too deep for them, and they swim underwater to suckle. They also will suckle on land when the mother leaves the water. Weaning starts between six and eight months after birth and most calves are fully weaned after a year.^[7] Kruger National Park is the largest game reserve in South Africa. ... Families Dugongidae Trichechidae Hydrochichus (extinct) For information about the Gothic metal band, see Sirenia (band) The Sirenia are fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries and coastal marine waters. ... For other uses, see Manatee (disambiguation). ... Binomial name (Müller, 1776) Natural range of . ... A breastfeeding infant Breastfeeding is the practice of a woman feeding an infant (or sometimes a toddler or a young child) with milk produced from her mammary glands, usually directly from the nipples. ...

Like many other large mammals, hippos are described as K-strategists, in this case typically producing just one large, well-developed infant every couple of years (rather than large numbers of small, poorly-developed young several times per year as is common among small mammals such as rodents).^[7][47][48] In ecology, K-selection (note : upper case K) relates to the selection of traits (in organisms) that allow success in stable or predictable environments. ...

Aggression

Hippopotami are ill-tempered animals. Adult hippos are hostile toward crocodiles, which often live in the same pools and rivers as hippos. This is especially so when hippo calves are around. Nile crocodiles, along with Lions and Spotted Hyenas, may prey on young hippos.^[49] Hippos are very aggressive towards humans and are often considered one of the most dangerous large animals in Africa.^[50][51] Hippos attack humans and boats.^[52] For other uses, see Crocodile (disambiguation). ... Binomial name (Laurenti, 1768) The Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) is one of the 4 species of crocodiles found in Africa, and the second largest species of crocodile. ... For other uses, see Lion (disambiguation). ... Binomial name (Erxleben, 1777) Spotted Hyena range The Spotted Hyena, or Laughing Hyena, (Crocuta crocuta) is a carnivorous mammal of the family hyaenidae. ...

To mark territory, hippos spin their tails while defecating to distribute their excrement over the greatest possible area.^[53] Hippos are retromingent, likely for the same reason.^[54]

Hippos rarely kill each other, even in territorial challenges. Usually a territorial bull and a challenging bachelor will stop fighting when it is clear that one hippo is stronger. When hippos become overpopulated, or when a habitat starts to shrink, bulls will sometimes attempt to kill infants; sometimes female hippos will kill the bulls to protect their infants, but neither behavior is common under normal conditions.^[48] Some incidents of hippo cannibalism have been documented, but it is believed to be the behavior of distressed or sick hippos, and not healthy behavior.^[7]

Hippos and humans

A faience sculpture, from the New Kingdom of Egypt, 18th/19th dynasty, c. 1500–1300 BC, when hippos were still widespread along the Nile

Obaysch lounging at the London Zoo in 1852

The earliest evidence of human interaction with hippos comes from butchery cut marks upon hippo bones at Bouri Formation dated around one million and also 160,000 years ago.^[55] Later rock paintings and engravings showing hippos being hunted have been found in the mountains of the central Sahara dated 4,000–5,000 years ago near Djanet in the Tassili n'Ajjer Mountains. Hippos were also well-known to the ancient Egyptians, where the hippo was recognized as a ferocious denizen of the Nile.^[7] In Egyptian mythology, the hippopotamus-headed Tawaret was a goddess of protection in pregnancy and childbirth, because ancient Egyptians recognized the protective nature of a female hippopotamus toward her young.^[56] Faience or faïence is the conventional name in English for fine tin-glazed earthenware on a delicate pale buff body. ... The New Kingdom period of Egyptian history is the period between the 16th century BC and the 11th century BC, covering the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth dynasty of Egypt. ... For other uses, see Nile (disambiguation). ... Crowds look on as Obaysch rests in the London Zoo in this 1852 photograph taken by Juan, Count of Montizón. ... The giant ZSL London Zoo aviary ZSL London Zoo is the worlds oldest scientific zoo. ... Djanet is an oasis city in south-west Algeria. ... Landsat image of the Tassili nAjjer The Tassili nAjjer (Arabic: تصلة ناجر) is a mountain range in the Sahara desert in southeast Algeria. ... Map of Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt was the civilization of the Nile Valley between about 3000 BC and the conquest of Egypt by Alexander the Great in 332 BC. As a civilization based on irrigation it is the quintessential example of an hydraulic empire. ... For other uses, see Nile (disambiguation). ... Egyptian mythology or Egyptian religion is the succession of tentative beliefs held by the people of Egypt for over three thousand years, prior to major exposure to Christianity and Islam. ... Statue of Tawaret In Egyptian mythology, Tawaret (also spelt Taurt, Tuat, Taueret, Tuart, Ta-weret, Taweret, and Taueret, and in Greek, Thoeris and Toeris) was originally the demon-wife of Apep, the original god of evil. ...

The hippopotamus has been known to historians since classical antiquity. The Greek historian Herodotus described the hippopotamus in The Histories (written circa 440 BC) and the Roman Historian Pliny the Elder wrote about the hippopotamus in his encyclopedia Naturalis Historia (written circa 77 AD).^[34][57] Classical antiquity is a broad term for a long period of cultural history centered on the Mediterranean Sea, which begins roughly with the earliest-recorded Greek poetry of Homer (7th century BC), and continues through the rise of Christianity and the fall of the Western Roman Empire (5th century AD... Herodotus of Halicarnassus (Greek: Hēródotos Halikarnāsseús) was a Greek historian who lived in the 5th century BC (c. ... The Histories of Herodotus of Halicarnassus is considered the first work of history in Western literature. ... Look up Circa on Wiktionary, the free dictionary The Latin word circa, literally meaning about, is often used to describe various dates (often birth and death dates) that are uncertain. ... Pliny the Elder: an imaginative 19th Century portrait. ... Naturalis Historia Pliny the Elders Natural History is an encyclopedia written by Pliny the Elder. ...

Hippos in zoos

Hippopotamuses have long been popular zoo animals. The first zoo hippo in modern history was Obaysch who arrived at the London Zoo on May 25, 1850, where he attracted up to 10,000 visitors a day and inspired a popular song, the Hippopotamus Polka.^[58] Hippos have remained popular zoo animals since Obaysch, and generally breed well in captivity. Their birth rates are lower than in the wild, but this is attributed to zoos not wanting to breed as many hippos as possible, since hippos are large and relatively expensive animals to maintain.^[7][58] Crowds look on as Obaysch rests in the London Zoo in this 1852 photograph taken by Juan, Count of Montizón. ... The giant ZSL London Zoo aviary ZSL London Zoo is the worlds oldest scientific zoo. ...

Most hippos in zoos were born in captivity. There are enough hippos in the international zoo system that introducing further animals from the wild will be unnecessary if zoos cooperate to maintain the genetic diversity of the breeding stock.^[7]

Like many zoo animals, hippos were traditionally displayed in concrete exhibits. In the case of hippos, they usually had a pool of water and patch of grass. In the 1980s, zoo designers increasingly designed exhibits that reflected the animals' native habitats. The best known of these, the Toledo Zoo Hippoquarium, features a 360,000 gallon pool for hippos.^[59] In 1987, researchers were able to tape, for the first time, an underwater birth (as in the wild) at the Toledo Zoo. The exhibit was so popular that the hippos became the logo of the Toledo Zoo.^[60] The Toledo Zoo is a zoo located in Toledo, Ohio. ...

Cultural depictions

The cover of the Hippopotamus Polka. The unlikely portrayal of dancing hippos was echoed in Disney's Fantasia.

The Hippopotamus was known to the Greeks and Romans as the Beast of the Nile. A red hippo also represented the Ancient Egyptian god Set; the thigh is the 'phallic leg of set' symbolic of virility. Set's consort Tawaret was also seen as part hippo.^[61] The Behemoth from the Book of Job, 40:15–24 is also thought to be based on a hippo.^[62] Fantasia is a 1940 motion picture, produced by Walt Disney and first released on November 13, 1940 in the United States. ... For other uses, see Nile (disambiguation). ... Egyptian goddess Isis protecting a mummified pharaoh, a late Ptolemic relief from the Philae Temple, which was first built in the thirtieth dynasty, c. ... Set In Ancient Egyptian mythology, Set (also spelled Seth, Sutekh or Seteh) is an ancient god, who was originally the god of the desert, storms, and chaos. ... Statue of Tawaret In Egyptian mythology, Tawaret (also spelt Taurt, Tuat, Taueret, Tuart, Ta-weret, Taweret, and Taueret, and in Greek, Thoeris and Toeris) was originally the demon-wife of Apep, the original god of evil. ... It has been suggested that Bahamut be merged into this article or section. ... The Book of Job (איוב) is one of the books of the Hebrew Bible. ...

Ever since Obaysch inspired the Hippopotamus Polka, hippos have been popular animals in western culture for their rotund appearance that many consider comical.^[58] Stories of hippos like Huberta who became a celebrity in South Africa in the 1930s for trekking across the country;^[63] or the tale of Owen and Mzee, a hippo and tortoise who developed an intimate bond; have amused people who have bought hippo books, merchandise, and many a stuffed hippo toy.^[64][65] Hippos were mentioned in the novelty Christmas song "I Want a Hippopotamus for Christmas" that became a hit for child star Gayla Peevey in 1953.^[66]. They also feature in the songs "The Hippopotamus" and "Hippo Encore" by Flanders and Swann, with the famous refrain Mud, Mud, Glorious Mud. They even inspired a popular board game, Hungry Hungry Hippos.^[67][68] Crowds look on as Obaysch rests in the London Zoo in this 1852 photograph taken by Juan, Count of Montizón. ... For this articles equivalent regarding the East, see Eastern culture. ... Owen (left) and Mzee Owen and Mzee are a hippopotamus and a tortoise, respectively, that appear to have formed a unique bond of friendship. ... I Want a Hippopotamus for Christmas is a Christmas novelty song written by John Coctoasten and performed by Gayla Peevey (11 years old at the time) in 1953. ... Michael Flanders The British duo Flanders and Swann were the actor and singer Michael Flanders (1922–1975) and the composer, pianist and linguist Donald Swann (1923–1994) who collaborated in writing and performing comic songs. ... Hungry Hungry Hippos is a board game made for young children by Hasbro of Pawtucket, Rhode Island, under the brand of its subsidiary, Milton Bradley. ...

Hippos have also been popular cartoon characters, where their rotund frame is used for humorous effect. The Disney film Fantasia featured a ballerina hippopotamus dancing to the opera, La Gioconda.^[35] Other cartoon hippos have included Hanna-Barbera's Peter Potamus, the book and TV series George and Martha, Flavio and Marita on the Animaniacs, Pat of the French duo Pat et Stanley, The Backyardigan's Tasha, and Gloria and Moto-Moto from the Madagascar franchise. Disney redirects here. ... Fantasia is a 1940 motion picture, produced by Walt Disney and first released on November 13, 1940 in the United States. ... La Gioconda is an opera in four acts by Amilcare Ponchielli to an Italian libretto by Arrigo Boito, based on Angelo by Victor Hugo. ... Cartoon Network Studios, formerly known as Hanna-Barbera Cartoons, Inc. ... Peter Potamus Peter Potamus and his Magic Flying Balloon was a show created by Hanna-Barbera during the early 1960s, featuring Peter Potamus the hippopotamus and his sidekick, So-So the monkey. ... George and Martha is an animated childrens television show which is comprised of 26 episodes made in 1999. ... Marita Flavio and Marita, the Hip Hippos, are characters which were introduced by Steven Spielberg Presents Animaniacs an animated TV cartoon series from Warner Bros. ... This article is about the television series. ... The Backyardigans is a Canadian 3-D CGI-animated[1] childrens TV series, created by Janice Burgess. ...

The hippopotamus characters "Happy Hippos" were created in 1988 by the French designer Andre Roche ^[69] based in Munich, to be hidden in the "Kinder Surprise egg" of the Italian chocolate company Ferrero SpA. These characters were not placid like real hippos but rather cute and lively, and had such a success that they reappeared several times in different products of this company in the following years, increasing their popularity worldwide each time. The Nintendo Company published in the years 2001 and 2007 Game Boy adventures of them. A Kinder Surprise with Hungarian label Kinder Suprise contains a toy inside a plastic shell (varies in color). ... A box of Kinder Chocolate A couple boxes of Australian Peppermint-flavoured Tic Tacs, manufactured by Ferrero. ...

In the game of chess, the hippopotamus lends its name to the Hippopotamus Defense, a solid if unadventurous opening system. This article is about the Western board game. ...

Hippopotamus was one of the many exotic animals brought to fight gladiators in Rome by the emperor Philip I the Arab to commemorate Rome's 1000 years anniversary in 250 AD. Silver coins with hippo's image were minted that year.

References

External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Hippopotamus

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Mammals portal

• Hippos: Wildlife summary from the African Wildlife Foundation
• IUCN Hippo Specialist Group
• Hippos of Lake Edward a blog about the last significant group of Hippos in Virunga National Park, DRC
• Pablo Escobar's Fugitive Hippo Shot Dead by The Telegraph

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Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society is a academic journal published by Blackwell Publishing Limited. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... The American Anthropologist is the flagship journal of the American Anthropological Association. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... Geoarchaeology is a sub-field of archaeology which uses the techniques and subject matter of the earth sciences to examine topics which inform archaeological knowledge and thought. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... Brady Barr is the host of National Geographics Reptile Wild and Dangerous Encounters. ... The National Geographic Channel is a subscription television network that features documentaries produced by the National Geographic Society. ... Mesker Park Zoo The Mesker Park Zoo and Botanic Garden is a zoo located in Evansville, Indiana. ... The Evansville Courier Press is a local newspaper in Evansville, Indiana. ... AFP logo Agence France-Presse (AFP) is the oldest news agency in the world. ... Nature is a prominent scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... Pliny the Elder: an imaginative 19th Century portrait. ... Naturalis Historia Pliny the Elders Natural History is an encyclopedia written by Pliny the Elder. ... Smithsonian is a monthly magazine published by the Smithsonian Institution of the United States in Washington, DC External link Smithsonian webpage Categories: Smithsonian Institution | United States magazines | Stub ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... The Toronto Star is Canadas highest-circulation newspaper, though its print edition is distributed almost entirely within Ontario. ... This article refers to the news department of the British Broadcasting Corporation, for the BBC News Channel see BBC News (TV channel). ... Kruger National Park is the largest game reserve in South Africa. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... This page may meet Wikipedia’s criteria for speedy deletion. ... Discovery HD Theater is a high definition network from Discovery Communications Inc. ... Routledge is an imprint for books in the humanities part of the Taylor & Francis Group, which also has Brunner-Routledge, RoutledgeCurzon and RoutledgeFalmer divisions. ... Herodotus of Halicarnassus (Greek: HÄ“ródotos Halikarnāsseús) was a Greek historian who lived in the 5th century BC (c. ... The Histories of Herodotus of Halicarnassus is considered the first work of history in Western literature. ... Natural History is a magazine on science and nature aimed at the general public which is published by the American Museum of Natural History. ... The Atlantic redirects here; for the ocean, see Atlantic Ocean. ... The Toledo Zoo is a zoo located in Toledo, Ohio. ... Oxford University Press (OUP) is a highly-respected publishing house and a department of the University of Oxford in England. ... NPR redirects here. ... Midtown Manhattan, 2003. ... Scholastic Corporation (NASDAQ: SCHL) is an American book publishing company known for publishing educational materials for schools, teachers, and parents, and selling and distributing them by mail order and via book clubs and book fairs. ... The Associated Press, or AP, is an American news agency, the worlds largest such organization. ... Wikiquote is one of a family of wiki-based projects run by the Wikimedia Foundation, running on MediaWiki software. ... The Wikimedia Commons (also called Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... Wikispecies is a wiki-based online project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation that aims to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species (including animalia, plantae, fungi, bacteria, archaea, and protista). ... The Virunga National Park lies in the Virunga Mountains of the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, bordering Volcans National Park in Rwanda and Rwenzori National Park in Uganda. ... Motto: Justice – Paix – Travail(French) Justice – Peace – Work Anthem: Debout Congolais Capital (and largest city) Kinshasaa Official languages French Recognised regional languages Lingala, Kongo/Kituba, Swahili, Tshiluba Demonym Congolese Government Semi-Presidential Republic  -  President Joseph Kabila  -  Prime Minister Antoine Gizenga Independence  -  from Belgium June 30, 1960  Area  -  Total 2,344... Families Antilocapridae Bovidae Camelidae Cervidae Giraffidae Hippopotamidae Moschidae Suidae Tayassuidae Tragulidae Leptochoeridae † Chaeropotamidae † Dichobunidae † Cebochoeridae † Entelodontidae † Anoplotheriidae † Anthracotheriidae † Cainotheriidae † Agriochoeridae † Merycoidodontidae † Leptomerycidae † Protoceratidae † Xiphodontidae † Amphimerycidae † Helohyidae † Gelocidae † Merycodontidae † Dromomerycidae † Raoellidae † Choeropotamidae † Sanitheriidae † The even-toed ungulates form the mammal order Artiodactyla. ... Phyla Subkingdom Parazoa Porifera (sponges) Subkingdom Agnotozoa Placozoa Orthonectida Rhombozoa Subkingdom Metazoa Radiata Cnidaria Ctenophora - Comb jellies Bilateria Protostomia Acoelomorpha Platyhelminthes - Flatworms Nemertina - Ribbon worms Gastrotricha Gnathostomulida - Jawed worms Micrognathozoa Rotifera - Rotifers Acanthocephala Priapulida Kinorhyncha Loricifera Entoprocta Nematoda - Roundworms Nematomorpha - Horsehair worms Cycliophora Mollusca - Mollusks Sipuncula - Peanut worms Annelida - Segmented... Typical Classes Subphylum Urochordata - Tunicates Ascidiacea Thaliacea Larvacea Subphylum Cephalochordata - Lancelets Subphylum Myxini - Hagfishes Subphylum Vertebrata - Vertebrates Petromyzontida - Lampreys Placodermi (extinct) Chondrichthyes - Cartilaginous fishes Acanthodii (extinct) Actinopterygii - Ray-finned fishes Actinistia - Coelacanths Dipnoi - Lungfishes Amphibia - Amphibians Reptilia - Reptiles Aves - Birds Mammalia - Mammals Chordates (phylum Chordata) include the vertebrates, together with... Orders Subclass Monotremata Monotremata Subclass Marsupialia Didelphimorphia Paucituberculata Microbiotheria Dasyuromorphia Peramelemorphia Notoryctemorphia Diprotodontia Subclass Placentalia Xenarthra Dermoptera Desmostylia Scandentia Primates Rodentia Lagomorpha Insectivora Chiroptera Pholidota Carnivora Perissodactyla Artiodactyla Cetacea Afrosoricida Macroscelidea Tubulidentata Hyracoidea Proboscidea Sirenia The mammals are the class of vertebrate animals primarily characterized by the presence of mammary... Orders[1] Bobolestes Eomaia Maelestes Montanalestes Murtoilestes Prokennalestes Placentalia Superorder Xenarthra: Cingulata (Armadillos) Pilosa (Sloths, True Anteaters) Superorder Afrotheria: Afrosoricida (Tenrecs, etc. ... Laurasiatheria is a proposed clade with the rank of cohort or super-order, of the Epitheria infraclass of the Placentalia (living) or Eutheria (Placentals and their extinct ancestors) subclass of Mammals, based on molecular and DNA research It is a sister group to Euarchontoglires. ... Families  Tragulidae  Moschidae  Cervidae  Giraffidae  Antilocapridae  Bovidae The biological suborder Ruminantia includes many of the well-known large grazing or browsing mammals: among them cattle, goats, sheep, deer, and antelope. ... Binomial name Antilocapra americana Ord, 1815 The pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) is the only surviving member of the family Antilocapridae, and the fastest land animal in North America running at speeds up to 54 mph (90 km/h). ... Binomial name Antilocapra americana Ord, 1815 Subspecies The Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) is the only surviving member of the family Antilocapridae, and the fastest mammal in North America running at speeds of 58 mph (90 km/h). ... Binomial name Antilocapra americana Ord, 1815 Subspecies The Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) is the only surviving member of the family Antilocapridae, and the fastest mammal in North America running at speeds of 58 mph (90 km/h). ... Species  Okapia johnstoni  Giraffa camelopardalis The biological family Giraffidae contains just two members, the Giraffe and the Okapi. ... Binomial name (P.L. Sclater, 1901) Range map The Okapi (Okapia johnstoni) is a mammal living in the Ituri Rainforest in the north east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in central Africa. ... Binomial name (P.L. Sclater, 1901) Range map The Okapi (Okapia johnstoni) is a mammal living in the Ituri Rainforest in the north east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in central Africa. ... Binomial name Giraffa camelopardalis Linnaeus, 1758 The Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) is an even-toed ungulate mammal, the tallest of all land living animal species. ... Binomial name Linnaeus, 1758 Range map The giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) is an African even-toed ungulate mammal, the tallest of all land-living animal species. ... The four species of musk deer make up the family Moschidae. ... The four species of musk deer make up the family Moschidae. ... Binomial name Hodgson, 1839 The Himalayan Musk Deer (Moschus leucogaster) is a species of musk deer. ... Binomial name Moschus mosciferus Linnaeus, 1758 The Siberian musk deer (Moschus moschiferus) is a musk deer found in the mountain forests of Northeast Asia. ... Binomial name Flerov 1929 The Dwarf Musk Deer or Chinese Forest Musk Deer (Chinese: ; pinyin: Lín shè) is an artiodactyl native to southern and central China and northernmost Vietnam. ... Binomial name Li, 1981 The Black Musk Deer or Dusky Musk Deer (Moschus fuscus) is a species of even-toed ungulate in the Moschidae family. ... The four species of chevrotain, also known as mouse deer (not to be confused with deer mice, Peromyscus), make up the family Tragulidae. ... Category: Possible copyright violations ... Category: Possible copyright violations ... Binomial name (F. Cuvier, 1822) The Greater Mouse-deer or Napu (Tragulus napu) is a species of even-toed ungulate in the Tragulidae family. ... This article is about the ruminant animal. ... Subfamilies Bovinae Cephalophinae Hippotraginae Antilopinae Caprinae A bovid is any of almost 140 species of cloven-hoofed mammals belonging to the family Bovidae. ... This article is about the ruminant animal. ... Muntjac are deer of the genus Muntiacus, also known as Barking Deer. ... Binomial name Zimmermann, 1780 The Common Muntjac, also called Indian Muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) is the most numerous muntjac deer species. ... Binomial name Muntiacus reevesi (Ogilby, 1839) Formosan Reevess Muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi; Chinese name: 山羌), or just Reevess Muntjac, is an endemic muntjac species of Taiwan. ... Binomial name Muntiacus Crinifrons (Sclater, 1885) The Hairy-fronted muntjac, also known as Black muntjac, lives in Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi and Fujian in South China, also reported in Myanmar. ... Binomial name Muntiacus Feae (Thomas & Doria, 1889) Feas muntjac (also known as Tenasserim muntjac from the region of Myanmar) is a rare species of muntjac living in the Myanmar-Thailand-Laos-China border region. ... Binomial name Muntiacus Atherodes (Groves & Grubb, 1982) The Bornean Yellow Muntjac is restricted to the moist forests of Borneo where it lives alongside the common muntjac. ... Binomial name Muntiacus Rooseveltorum (, ) A single specimen of the Roosevelts Muntjac was presented to the Field Museum in 1929 following a hunting expedition led by Theodore (Jnr) and Kermit Roosevelt. ... Binomial name Muntiacus Gongshanensis (Ma, 1990) The Gongshan muntjac was recently identified by Chinese scientists as a new species of muntjac living in the Gongshan mountains in Yunnan, western China and neighbouring Tibet. ... Binomial name Muntiacus vuquangensis Wemmer et al. ... Binomial name Muntiacus truongsonensis Giao et al. ... Binomial name Muntiacus putaoensis Amato, Egan & Rabinowitz, 1999 The leaf muntjac or leaf deer (Muntiacus putaoensis) is a small species of muntjac. ... Binomial name Elaphodus cephalophus (Milne-Edwards, 1872) The Tufted Deer is a close relative of the muntjac, living somewhat further north over a wide area of central China and northeastern India and Myanmar. ... Binomial name Elaphodus cephalophus (Milne-Edwards, 1872) The Tufted Deer is a close relative of the muntjac, living somewhat further north over a wide area of central China and northeastern India and Myanmar. ... This article is about the ruminant animal. ... species See text. ... This article is about the species of deer. ... For other uses, see Elk (disambiguation). ... Thorolds deer has the scientific name Cervus Albirostris Przewalski. ... Binomial name Cervus nippon Temminck, 1838 Subspecies The Sika Deer Cervus nippon is a typical member of the family Cervidae. ... Binomial name Cervus duvaucelii (G. Cuvier, 1823) The Barasingha (sometimes spelt Barasinga) is a type of deer, native to India and Nepal. ... Binomial name Cervus eldii (MClelland, 1842) The Elds Deer (Cervus eldii), also called the Thamin or Brow-antlered Deer, is a deer indigenous to Southeast Asia. ... Binomial name Cervus unicolor (Kerr, 1792) Sambar Sambar in forest Sambar (also sambur, sambhur), is the common name for several large dark brown and maned Asian deer, particularly for the Indian species, which attains a height of 102 to 160 cm (40 to 63 in) at the shoulder and may... [[Image:Example. ... Binomial name Cervus mariannus The Philippine Sambar (Cervus mariannus) is one of three species of deer that is native to the forests of much of the Philippines. ... Binomial name Cervus alfredi Sclater, 1870 The Philippine Spotted Deer (Cervus alfredi) is a species of deer that is native to the forests of the Philippines. ... Species Axis axis Axis calamianensis Axis kuhlii Axis porcinus Axis is a genus of deer. ... Binomial name (Erxleben, 1777) The chital (or cheetal) deer, also known as the spotted deer or axis deer is a deer which commonly inhabits wooded regions of Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, and most of India. ... Binomial name Axis calamianensis Huede, 1888 The Calamian Deer, Axis calamianensis also known as Calamian Hog Deer is a species of deer found only in the Calamian Group of Islands of Palawan Province of the Philippines. ... Binomial name Axis kuhlii Müller, 1840 The Bawean Deer, Axis kuhlii also known as Kuhls Hog Deer or Bawean Hog Deer is a species of deer found only in the island of Bawean in Indonesia. ... Binomial name Elaphurus davidianus Milne-Edwards, 1866 Père Davids deer (Elaphurus davidianus, other names: Cerf du Père David, Ciervo del Padre David, and Milu in Chinese (麋鹿)), is a species of deer known only in captivity. ... Binomial name Elaphurus davidianus Milne-Edwards, 1866 Père Davids deer (Elaphurus davidianus, other names: Cerf du Père David, Ciervo del Padre David, and Milu in Chinese (麋鹿)), is a species of deer known only in captivity. ... Binomial name Dama dama (Linnaeus, 1758) The Fallow Deer (Dama dama) is a ruminant mammal belonging to the family Cervidae. ... Binomial name Dama mesopotamica (Brooke,, 1875) The Persian Fallow Deer (Dama mesopotamica) is a ruminant mammal belonging to the family Cervidae. ... Binomial name Hydropotes inermis (Swinhoe, 1870) The Water Deer is superficially more similar to a musk deer than a true deer (cervidae) but it is classified as a cervid despite having tusks (downward-pointing canine teeth) instead of antlers and other anatomical anomalies. ... Binomial name Hydropotes inermis (Swinhoe, 1870) The Water Deer is superficially more similar to a musk deer than a true deer (cervidae) but it is classified as a cervid despite having tusks (downward-pointing canine teeth) instead of antlers and other anatomical anomalies. ... Binomial name Hydropotes inermis (Swinhoe, 1870) The Water Deer is superficially more similar to a musk deer than a true deer (cervidae) but it is classified as a cervid despite having tusks (downward-pointing canine teeth) instead of antlers and other anatomical anomalies. ... Genera Alces Blastocerus Capreolus Hippocamelus Mazama Odocoileus Ozotoceros Pudu Rangifer Capreolinae, also known as Odocoileinae (an invalid junior synonym) or the New World deer (denoting their place of origin, not their current distribution), is a subfamily of deer. ... Binomial name Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann, 1780 Subspecies Odocoileus virginianus clavium Odocoileus virginianus leucurus Odocoileus virginianus virginianus The white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), also known as the Virginia deer, is a medium-sized deer found throughout most of the continental United States, southern Canada, Mexico, Central America and South America far... Binomial name Zimmermann, 1780 The White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), also known as the Virginia deer, or simply as the whitetail, is a medium-sized deer found throughout most of the continental United States, southern Canada, Mexico, Central America, northern portions of South America as far south as Peru, and... Binomial name (Rafinesque, 1817) The mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) is a deer whose habitat is in the western half of North America. ... Binomial name Blastocerus dichotomus (Illiger, 1815) The Marsh Deer, Blastocerus dichotomus, is the largest deer species from South America. ... Binomial name Blastocerus dichotomus (Illiger, 1815) The Marsh Deer, Blastocerus dichotomus, is the largest deer species from South America. ... Binomial name Blastocerus dichotomus (Linnaeus, 1758) The Pampas Deer, Ozotocerus bezoarticus, is a deer species from South America. ... Binomial name Blastocerus dichotomus (Linnaeus, 1758) The Pampas Deer, Ozotocerus bezoarticus, is a deer species from South America. ... Species Brocket Deer are a group of deer species of the Mazama genus found in South America and the Yucatan Peninsula. ... Species Brocket Deer are a group of deer species found in South America and the Yucatan Peninsula. ... Species Brocket Deer are a group of deer species found in South America and the Yucatan Peninsula. ... Binomial name Mazama gouazoubyra (Fischer, 1814) The Gray Brocket, Mazama gouazoubyra, is a Brocket Deer species from South America and from Panama. ... The Mazama nana, or Pygmy Brocket Deer, is very small in size. ... Binomial name van Roosmalen & Hooft, 2007 Synonyms The Fair brocket (Mazama ochroleuca), also known as the White-brocket deer or veado branco to locals, is a newly-described endemic species of brocket deer, described by Marc van Roosmalen in Rio Aripuanã, Brazil in 2007. ... Species Brocket Deer are a group of deer species found in South America and the Yucatan Peninsula. ... Species Brocket Deer are a group of deer species found in South America and the Yucatan Peninsula. ... Binomial name Kerr, 1792 Subspecies M. temama cerasina M. temama reperticia The Central American red brocket, Mazama temama, is a species of brocket deer from Central America. ... The pudu (Pudu pudu), considered to be the worlds smallest deer, is a native of South America. ... The pudú (Pudu spp. ... Species Hippocamelus bisulcus , 1782 Hippocamelus antisensis , 1834 Hippocamelus is a genus of Cervidae, the deer family. ... Species Hippocamelus bisulcus Molina, 1782 Hippocamelus antisensis |} The Huemul is an endangered mammal of the Cervidae family. ... Binomial name (Linnaeus, 1758) The European Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) is a deer species of Europe, Asia Minor, and Caspian coastal regions. ... Binomial name (Linnaeus, 1758) The European Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) is a deer species of Europe, Asia Minor, and Caspian coastal regions. ... Binomial name Capreolus pygargus Pallas, 1771 Subspecies C. p. ... Caribou redirects here. ... Caribou redirects here. ... For other uses, see Moose (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Moose (disambiguation). ... Subfamilies Bovinae Cephalophinae Hippotraginae Antilopinae Caprinae A bovid is any of almost 140 species of cloven-hoofed mammals belonging to the family Bovidae. ... Genera Cephalophus Sylvicapra A duiker is any of about 19 small to medium-sized antelope species native to sub-Saharan Africa. ... Genera Cephalophus Sylvicapra A duiker is any of about 19 small to medium-sized antelope species native to sub-Saharan Africa. ... Binomial name True, 1890 Abbotts Duiker (Cephalophus spadix also known as Minde in Swahili) is a large forest dwelling Duiker (small antelope) found only in a couple of scattered enclaves in Tanzania. ... Binomial name Thomas, 1918 The Aders Duiker (Cephalophus adersi) also known as Nunga in Swahili, Kunga marara in Kipokomo and Harake in Giriama) is a small forest dwelling Duiker found only on Zanzibar and in a small coastal enclave in Kenya. ... Binomial name Cephalophus dorsalis Gray, 1849 The Bay Duiker (Cephalophus dorsalis also known as the Black-Backed Duiker) is a forest dwelling Duiker found in Gabon, southern Cameroon and northern Congo as well as Sierra Leone, Liberia, and the southern parts of Cote dIvoire, Ghana and Benin. ... Binomial name Cephalophus niger Gray, 1846 Black Duiker (Cephalophus niger also known as Tuba in Dyula) is a forest dwelling Duiker found in the southern parts of Sierra Leone, Liberia, Cote dIvoire, Ghana, Benin and Nigeria. ... Binomial name Gray, 1871 The Black-fronted Duiker (Cephalophus nigrifrons), is a small antelope found in central and west-central Africa. ... Binomial name Cephalophus monticola Thunberg, 1789 Blue Duiker (Cephalophus monticola) is a small forest dwelling Duiker found in the Central Africa and southern South Africa. ... Harveys Red Duiker Harveys Red Duiker (Cephalophus harveyi) is one of 19 species of duiker found in Africa. ... Binomial name Cephalophus jentinki Thomas, 1892 Jentinks Duiker (Cephalophus jentinki also known as Gidi-Gidi in Krio, and Kaikulowulei in Mende) is a forest dwelling Duiker found in the southern parts of Liberia, south-western Côte dIvoire, and scattered enclaves in Sierra Leone. ... Binomial name Cephalophus maxwellii H. Smith, 1871 Maxwells Duikers (Cephalophus maxwellii), are small antelopes found in western Africa. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion, because: patent nonsense If you disagree with its speedy deletion, please explain why on its talk page or at Wikipedia:Speedy deletions. ... Binomial name Cephalophus rufilatus Gray, 1846 The Red-flanked Duiker (Cephalophus rufilatus), is a tiny antelope found in western and central Africa. ... The introduction of this article does not provide enough context for readers unfamiliar with the subject. ... Binomial name Cephalophus silvicultor (Afzelius, 1815) The Yellow-backed Duiker (Cephalophus silvicultor), is a antelope found in central and western Africa. ... Binomial name Cephalophus zebra Gray, 1838 The Zebra Duiker (Cephalophus zebra), is a small antelope found in Ivory Coast, and Liberia. ... Binomial name Sylvicapra grimmia (Linnaeus, 1758) Common Duiker. ... Binomial name Sylvicapra grimmia (Linnaeus, 1758) Common Duiker. ... Genera Hippotragus Oryx Addax A grazing antelope is any of the 6 species of antelope that make up the subfamily Hippotraginae in the family Bovidae, which also includes sheep, goats, and cattle. ... Binomial name Hippotragus equinus Desmarest, 1804 The Roan Antelope (Hippotragus equinus) is a grassland antelope found in West, Central,East Africa and Southern Africa. ... Binomial name Hippotragus niger Harris, 1838 The Sable Antelope (Hippotragus niger) is an antelope that inhabits wooded savannah in East Africa south of Kenya, and in Southern Africa. ... Species Oryx beisa Rüppell, 1835 Oryx dammah Cretzschmar, 1827 Oryx gazella (Linnaeus, 1758) Oryx leucoryx Pallas, 1766 An Oryx is one of three or four large antelope species of the genus Oryx, typically having long straight almost upright or swept back horns. ... Binomial name Oryx beisa Rüppell, 1835 The East African Oryx (Oryx beisa, also known as the Beisa Oryx) found in steppe and semi-desert throughout the Horn of Africa and in parts of Tanzania. ... | color = pink | name = Scimitar Oryx | status = EW | status_system = iucn2. ... Binomial name Oryx gazella (Linnaeus, 1758) The gemsbok or gemsbuck (Oryx gazella) is a large African oryx antelope. ... Binomial name Pallas, 1766 The Arabian Oryx (Oryx leucoryx) is a bovid and the smallest member of Oryx genus, native to desert and steppe areas of the Arabian peninsula. ... Binomial name Addax nasomaculatus (Blainville, 1816) The Addax (Addax nasomaculatus) is a critically endangered desert antelope that lives in several isolated regions in the Sahara. ... Binomial name Addax nasomaculatus (Blainville, 1816) The Addax (Addax nasomaculatus) is a critically endangered desert antelope that lives in several isolated regions in the Sahara. ... Genera Kobus Redunca The subfamily Reduncinae is composed 8 species of antelope all of which dwell in marshes, floodplains or other well-watered areas, including the waterbucks and reedbucks. ... Binomial name Kobus anselli Cotterill, 2005 The Upemba Lechwe Kobus anselli is a species of antelope found only in the Upemba wetlands in the Democratic Republic of Congo. ... Binomial name Kobus ellipsiprymnus (Ogilby, 1833) The Waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus) is an antelope found in Western, Central Africa, East Africa and Southern Africa. ... Binomial name Kobus kob (Erxleben, 1777) The Kob (Kobus kob) is an antelope found across Sub-Saharan West Africa. ... Binomial name Kobus leche Gray, 1850 The Lechwe (Kobus leche) is an antelope found in Okavango Delta of Botswana, the Kafue Flats and Bengwelu Swamps of Zambia, and the very southeast of Democratic Republic of the Congo. ... Binomial name Kobus megaceros Fitzingger, 1855 The Nile Lechwe (Kobus megaceros) is an antelope found in floodplains in southern Sudan. ... Binomial name Kobus vardonii (Livingstone, 1857) The Puku (Kobus vardonii) is an antelope found in wet grasslands in southern Democratic Republic of Congo and in Zambia. ... Species Redunca arundinum Redunca fulvorufula Redunca redunca Reedbuck is a common name for African antelopes from the genus Reducna. ... Binomial name Redunca arundinum (Boddaert, 1785) The Southern Reedbuck (Redunca arundinum) is an antelope, found in Angola, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Mozambique and northern South Africa. ... Binomial name Redunca fulvorufula (Boddaert, 1785) The Mountain Reedbuck (Redunca fulvorufula) is an antelope, found in north-eastern South Africa. ... Binomial name Redunca redunca (Pallas, 1767) The Bohor Reedbuck (Redunca redunca) is an antelope native to central Africa, mostly living in grassland areas near water. ... For other uses, see Impala (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Impala (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Impala (disambiguation). ... Binomial name (Forster, 1790) The Grey Rhebok or Grey Rhebuck (Pelea capreolus, locally known as the Vaal Rhebok or Vaalribbok) is a species of antelope endemic to South Africa, Zimbabwe, Lesotho and Swaziland. ... Binomial name (Forster, 1790) The Grey Rhebok or Grey Rhebuck (Pelea capreolus, locally known as the Vaal Rhebok or Vaalribbok) is a species of antelope endemic to South Africa, Zimbabwe, Lesotho and Swaziland. ... Binomial name (Forster, 1790) The Grey Rhebok or Grey Rhebuck (Pelea capreolus, locally known as the Vaal Rhebok or Vaalribbok) is a species of antelope endemic to South Africa, Zimbabwe, Lesotho and Swaziland. ... Genera  Beatragus  Damaliscus  Alcelaphus  Sigmoceros  Connochaetes The subfamily Alcelaphinae contains Wildebeest, Hartebeest, Bonteboks and several similar species. ... Species Damaliscus lunatus Damaliscus pygargus Damaliscus is a genus of antelope in the family Bovidae, subfamily Alcelaphinae. ... Binomial name Burchell, 1823 The Common Tsessebe (Damaliscus lunatus), is a savannah and floodplain antelope found in Northern Botswana, Eastern Angola, Northeastern Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe and parts of South Africa. ... Binomial name Damaliscus pygargus Pallas, 1767 The Bontebok (Damaliscus pygargus also the Blesbok) is an antelope found in South Africa and Lesotho. ... Binomial name Alcelaphus buselaphus Pallas, 1766 The Hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus) is a grassland antelope found in West Africa, East Africa and Southern Africa. ... Binomial name Alcelaphus buselaphus Pallas, 1766 The Hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus) is a grassland antelope found in West Africa, East Africa and Southern Africa. ... Binomial name Sigmoceros lichtensteinii Peters, 1849 Lichtensteins Hartebeest (Sigmoceros lichtensteinii) is a savannah and floodplain dwelling antelope found in southern Central Africa. ... Species Connochaetes gnou Connochaetes taurinus The wildebeest (plural, wildebeest or wildebeests), also called the gnu (pronounced or ), is an antelope of the genus Connochaetes. ... Binomial name Connochaetes gnou Fouche, 1823 The Black Wildebeest or White-tailed gnu (Connochaetes gnou) natural populations of this species, endemic to the southern region of Africa, have been almost completely exterminated, but the species has been reintroduced widely, both in private areas and nature reserves throughout most of Lesotho... Binomial name (Burchell, 1823) The Blue Wildebeest is a large ungulate mammal of the genus Connochaetes which grows to 1. ... Binomial name Pantholops hodgsonii (Abel, 1826) The Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii) is a medium-sized bovid which is about 1. ... Binomial name Pantholops hodgsonii (Abel, 1826) The Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii) is a medium-sized bovid which is about 1. ... Binomial name Pantholops hodgsonii (Abel, 1826) The Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii) is a medium-sized bovid which is about 1. ... Genera Capricornis Nemorhaedus Rupicapra Oreamnos Budorcas Ovibos Hemitragus Ammotragus Pseudois Capra Ovis Pantholops A goat antelope is any of the species of mostly medium-sized herbivores that make up the subfamily Caprinae or the single species in subfamily Panthalopinae. ... Tribes Bovini Boselaphini Strepsicerotini The biological subfamily Bovinae (or bovines) includes a diverse group of about 24 species of medium-sized to large ungulates, including domestic cattle, Bison, the Water Buffalo, the Yak, and the four-horned and spiral-horned antelopes. ... Genera See text Antilopinae is a subfamily of Bovidae. ... Subfamilies Bovinae Cephalophinae Hippotraginae Antilopinae Caprinae A bovid is any of almost 140 species of cloven-hoofed mammals belonging to the family Bovidae. ... Genera Capricornis Nemorhaedus Rupicapra Oreamnos Budorcas Ovibos Hemitragus Ammotragus Pseudois Capra Ovis Pantholops A goat antelope is any of the species of mostly medium-sized herbivores that make up the subfamily Caprinae or the single species in subfamily Panthalopinae. ... Binomial name Ammotragus lervia Pall. ... Binomial name Ammotragus lervia Pall. ... Binomial name Budorcas taxicolor Hodgson, 1850 The Takin (Budorcas taxicolor) is a goat-antelope found in heavily forested areas of the Eastern Himalayas. ... Binomial name Budorcas taxicolor Hodgson, 1850 The Takin (Budorcas taxicolor) is a goat-antelope found in heavily forested areas of the Eastern Himalayas. ... This article is about the Capra genus of animals and the Goat species. ... Binomial name Capra aegagrus Erxleben, 1777 Subspecies Capra aegagrus aegagrus Capra aegagrus blythi Capra aegagrus chialtanensis Capra aegagrus cretica Capra aegagrus hircus Capra aegagrus turcmenica The wild goat (Capra aegagrus) is a common type of goat species, with a distribution ranging from Europe and Asia Minor to central Asia and... Binomial name Capra caucasica Güldenstaedt and Pallas, 1783 The West Caucasian Tur (Capra caucasica) is a mountain dwelling goat antelope found only in the western half of the Caucasus Mountain range. ... Binomial name Capra cylindricornis Blyth, 1841 The East Caucasian Tur (Capra cylindricornis) is a mountain dwelling goat antelope found only in the eastern half of the Caucasus Mountains. ... Binomial name Capra falconeri (Wagner, 1839) The Markhor (Capra falconeri) is a goat-antelope found in sparse woodland in the Western Himalayas. ... Binomial name Capra ibex Linnaeus, 1758 The Alpine Ibex or Capra Ibex (is commonly called by its German name, steinbock) is the species of Ibex that lives in the European Alps. ... Binomial name Capra nubiana F. Cuvier, 1825 The Nubian Ibex (Capra ibex nubiana) is a rocky desert dwelling goat antelope found in mountainous areas of Israel, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Egypt and Sudan. ... Binomial name Capra pyrenaica Schinz, 1838 The Iberian or Spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica) is a type of ibex that had four subspecies. ... Binomial name Capra walie Rüppell, 1835 The Walia Ibex (Capra walie) is a species of Ibex that is critically endangered. ... Genus Hemitragus Nilgiritragus Arabitragus Himalayan Tahr Young Himalayan Tahr Tahrs are three species of large ungulates closely related to the wild goat. ... Binomial name Nilgiritragus hylocrius (Ogilby, 1838) The Nilgiri Tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius) ungulate native to the Nilgiri Hills and the southern portion of the Western Ghats range in Tamil Nadu and Kerala states of southernmost India. ... Binomial name Hemitragus jayakari Thomas, 1894 The Arabian tahr (Hemitragus jayakari) is a species of tahr native to Arabia. ... Binomial name (C. H. Smith, 1826) Himalayan Tahr Young Himalayan Tahr The Himalayan Tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus) (or Himalayan Thar) is a large ungulate related to the wild goat. ... Binomial name Nemorhaedus crispus Temminck, 1845 The Japanese Serow, or Kamoshika (Nemorhaedus crispus) is a goat-antelope found in dense woodland on Honshu, Japan. ... Binomial name Nemorhaedus goral (Hardwicke, 1825) The Gray Goral, Nemorhaedus goral, is a small, rough-haired, cylindrical-horned ruminant native to the Himalayas. ... Binomial name Capricornis sumatraensis Linnaeus, 1758 The Mainland Serow, Capricornis sumatraensis is an endangered species of mammal. ... Rocky Mountain Goat and Mountain Goats redirect here. ... Rocky Mountain Goat and Mountain Goats redirect here. ... Binomial name (Zimmermann, 1780) Range map. ... Binomial name (Zimmermann, 1780) Range map. ... Species See text. ... Binomial name Ovis ammon (Linnaeus, 1758) The mountain sheep (species Ovis ammon) is the globally endangered wild sheep, which roams the highlands of Central Asia (Himalaya, Tibet, Altay). ... Sheep redirects here. ... Binomial name Shaw, 1804 Synonyms Desmarest Cuvier[1] Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis)[2] is one of three species of mountain sheep in North America and Siberia; the other two species being Ovis dalli, that includes Dall Sheep and Stones Sheep, and the Siberian Snow sheep Ovis nivicola. ... Binomial name Nelson, 1884 The Dall Sheep (originally Dalls Sheep, sometimes called Thinhorn Sheep), Ovis dalli, is a wild sheep of the mountainous regions of northwest North America, ranging from white to slate brown and having curved yellowish brown horns. ... Binomial name Ovis musimon, Ovis ammon musimon, Ovis orientalis Pallas, 1762 European Mouflon The Mouflon is a species of wild sheep and as such is one of the Caprinae or goat antelopes. It is thought to be one of the two ancestors for all modern domestic sheep breeds[1]. It... Binomial name Ovis nivicola Eschscholtz, 1829 The snow sheep (Ovis nivicola) is a species of sheep, which comes from the northeast of Siberia. ... Binomial name Ovis vignei Blyth, 1841 The Urial is a medium-sized wild sheep and as such is considered a member of the goat antelope subfamily. ... Binomial name Pseudois nayaur Hodgson, 1833 The bharal or Himalayan blue sheep is a caprid found in the high Himalayas of Nepal, Tibet, China, throughout Northern Pakistan and Kashmir region. ... Binomial name Pseudois shaeferi Haltenorth, 1963 The Dwarf Blue Sheep or Dwarf Bharal Pseudois schaeferi is an endangered species of caprid found in China and Tibet. ... Binomial name Rupicapra pyrenaica (Bonaparte, 1845) The Pyrenean Chamois, (French: Izard or Isard, Spanish Rebeco or Sarrio, Catalan: Isard ) Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica is a Goat antelope that lives in the Pyrenees, Cantabrian Mountains and Apennine Mountains. ... Binomial name Rupicapra rupicapra (Linnaeus, 1758) The chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) is a large, goat-like animal that lives in the European Alps and Carpathians. ... Subfamilies Bovinae Cephalophinae Hippotraginae Antilopinae Caprinae A bovid is any of almost 140 species of cloven-hoofed mammals belonging to the family Bovidae. ... Tribes Bovini Boselaphini Strepsicerotini The biological subfamily Bovinae (or bovines) includes a diverse group of about 24 species of medium-sized to large ungulates, including domestic cattle, Bison, the Water Buffalo, the Yak, and the four-horned and spiral-horned antelopes. ... Genera Tetracerus Boselaphus The Boselaphini or four-horned antelope tribe are the last survivors of a form very similar to that of the ancestors of the entire subfamily. ... Binomial name Tetracerus quadricornis Blainville, 1816 The Four-horned Antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis) also known as the chousingha is an antelope found in open forest in South Asia. ... Binomial name Tetracerus quadricornis Blainville, 1816 The Four-horned Antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis) also known as the chousingha is an antelope found in open forest in South Asia. ... Binomial name Boselaphus tragocamelus Pall. ... Binomial name Boselaphus tragocamelus Pall. ... Genera Bison Bos Bubalus Pseudonovibos Pseudoryx Syncerus The Bovini tribe is made up of large to very large grazers, including large animals of great economic significance to humans in Domestic Cattle, Domestic buffalo, and the Yak, as well as smaller Asian relatives, and large free-roaming bovids in the African... Species Bubalus arnee Bubalus depressicornis Bubalus quarlesi Bubalus mindorensis Bubalus is a genus of bovines, the English name of which is buffalo. ... For the controversy at the University of Pennsylvania, see Water buffalo incident. ... Binomial name Bubalus quarlesi (Ouwens, 1910) Bubalus depressicornis (H. Smith, 1827) There are two species of anoa: the Mountain Anoa (Bubalus quarlesi) and the Lowland Anoa (Bubalus depressicornis). ... Binomial name Bubalus quarlesi (Ouwens, 1910) Bubalus depressicornis (H. Smith, 1827) There are two species of anoa: the Mountain Anoa (Bubalus quarlesi) and the Lowland Anoa (Bubalus depressicornis). ... Binomial name Bubalus mindorensis (Heude, 1888) The Tamaraw (Bubalus mindorensis; previously Anoa mindorensis), Tamarao or Mindoro Dwarf Buffalo is a bovine endemic to the island of Mindoro in the Philippines. ... Species B. acutifrons † B. aegyptiacus † B. frontalis B. gaurus B. grunniens B. javanicus B. planifrons † B. primigenius † B. sauveli B. taurus Bos is the genus of wild and domestic cattle or oxen. ... Binomial name Bos javanicus dAlton, 1823 The Banteng (Bos javanicus) is an ox that is found in Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Borneo, Java, and Bali. ... Binomial name Bos gaurus H. Smith, 1827 Range map The Gaur (IPA gauɹ) (Bos gaurus, previously Bibos gauris) is a large, dark-coated ox of South Asia and Southeast Asia. ... For other uses, see Yak (disambiguation). ... For general information about the genus, including other species of cattle, see Bos. ... Binomial name Bos sauveli Urbain, 1937 The Kouprey (Bos sauveli also known as Kouproh) is a wild forest dwelling ox found mainly in northern Cambodia but also believed to be found in southern Laos, western Vietnam, and eastern Thailand. ... Binomial name Peter and Feiler, 1994 The Kting Voar, also known as the Khting Vor, Linh Duong, or Snake-eating Cow (Pseudonovibos spiralis) is a bovid mammal reputed to exist in Cambodia and Vietnam. ... Binomial name Peter and Feiler, 1994 The Kting Voar, also known as the Khting Vor, Linh Duong, or Snake-eating Cow (Pseudonovibos spiralis) is a bovid mammal reputed to exist in Cambodia and Vietnam. ... Binomial name Pseudoryx nghetinhensis Dung, Giao, Chinh, Tuoc, Arctander, MacKinnon, 1993 The Saola or Vu Quang ox, also, infrequently, Vu Quang bovid (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis), one of the worlds rarest mammals, is a forest-dwelling bovine found only in Vietnam (Vu Quang Nature Reserve) and in Laos, near the Vietnam... Binomial name Pseudoryx nghetinhensis Dung, Giao, Chinh, Tuoc, Arctander, MacKinnon, 1993 The Saola or Vu Quang ox, also, infrequently, Vu Quang bovid (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis), one of the worlds rarest mammals, is a forest-dwelling bovine found only in Vietnam (Vu Quang Nature Reserve) and in Laos, near the Vietnam... Binomial name Syncerus caffer (Sparrman, 1779) Subspecies The African Buffalo or Cape Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) is a bovid from the family of the Bovidae. ... Binomial name Syncerus caffer (Sparrman, 1779) Subspecies The African Buffalo or Cape Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) is a bovid from the family of the Bovidae. ... Species †B. antiquus B. bison B. bonasus †B. latifrons † †B. priscus Bison in winter. ... Binomial name (Linnaeus, 1758) Subspecies B. b. ... Binomial name (Linnaeus, 1758) A wisent (Å»ubr) The Wisent or European Bison (Bison bonasus) (pronounced ) is a bison species and the heaviest land animal in Europe. ... Species T. spekeii T. angasii T. scriptus T. buxtoni T. imberbis T. strepsiceros T. eurycerus The genus Tragelaphus contains several species of bovine, all of which are reletivly antelope-like. ... Binomial name Tragelaphus spekeii Sclater, 1863 The sitatunga or marshbuck (Tragelaphus spekeii) is a swamp-dwelling antelope found throughout Central Africa centering on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, in Botswana and in Zambia. ... Binomial name Tragelaphus angasii Gray, 1849 Male nyala. ... Binomial name Tragelaphus scriptus Pallas, 1766 The Bushbuck (Traelaphus scriptus) is an antelope that is found in forest and woodland throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. ... Binomial name Tragelaphus buxtoni Lydekker, 1910 The Mountain Nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni known in Ethiopian as Azagen) is an antelope found in high altitude woodland in a small part of central Ethiopia. ... Binomial name Tragelaphus imberbis (Blyth, 1869) The Lesser Kudu (Tragelaphus imberbis) are forest antelope found in East Africa and (possibly) the southern Arabian Peninsula. ... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Bongo redirects here. ... Species Taurotragus oryx Taurotragus derbianus Taurotragus is a genus of antelopes, containing two species: the Common Eland, and the Giant Eland. ... Binomial name Taurotragus oryx Pallas, 1766 The Common Eland (Taurotragus oryx) is a savannah and plain antelope found in East and Southern Africa. ... A Giant Eland Binomial name Taurotragus derbianus Gray, 1847 The Giant Eland (Taurotragus derbianus also known as the Derby Eland) is an open forest savannah antelope. ... Subfamilies Bovinae Cephalophinae Hippotraginae Antilopinae Caprinae A bovid is any of almost 140 species of cloven-hoofed mammals belonging to the family Bovidae. ... Genera See text Antilopinae is a subfamily of Bovidae. ... The dibatag, or Clarks gazelle, Ammodorcas clarkei, is an antelope found in sandy grasslands of Ethiopia and Somalia. ... The dibatag, or Clarks gazelle, Ammodorcas clarkei, is an antelope found in sandy grasslands of Ethiopia and Somalia. ... For other uses, see Blackbuck (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Blackbuck (disambiguation). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Binomial name Gazella gazella (Pallas, 1766) The Mountain Gazelle (Gazella gazella) is a species of gazelle that is widely but unevenly distributed across the Arabian Peninsula. ... Binomial name Gazella spekei Blyth, 1863 Spekes Gazelle (Gazella spekei) is the smallest of the gazelle species. ... Binomial name Gazella dorcas Linneaus, 1758 The Dorcas Gazelle (Gazella dorcas) is not the smallest of the gazelles nor the most common, but it is pretty small and it is pretty common. ... The Saudi Gazelle, or is a species of gazelle. ... Binomial name Gazella bennettii (Sykes, 1831) The Chinkara is a species of gazelle found in South Asia. ... Binomial name Günther, 1884 Male Thompsons gazelle. ... Binomial name (Gray, 1846) The Red-fronted Gazelle (Gazella rufifrons) is a species of gazelle that is widely but unevenly distributed across the middle Africa from Senegal to north-eastern Ethiopia. ... Binomial name (Pallas, 1766) Synonyms Nanger dama The Dama Gazelle (Gazella dama), also known as the Addra Gazelle, is a species of gazelle. ... Binomial name Gazella granti Brooke, 1872 Subspecies Gazella granti lacuum Gazella granti granti Gazella granti brighti Gazella granti petersi Gazella granti robertsi Grants Gazelle, Gazella granti, is a species of large, pale, fawn-colored African gazelle with long legs and lyre-shaped horns. ... Binomial name Gazella cuvieri (Ogilby, 1841) Cuviers Gazelle Gazella cuvieri is a species of gazelle from northern Africa. ... Binomial name Gazella leptoceros (F. Cuvier, 1842) The Rhim Gazelle (Gazella leptoceros) is a slender-horned gazelle, most adapted to desert life. ... Binomial name (Güldenstädt, 1780) The Goitered, Black-tailed or Persian gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) is a gazelle found in a large area of central Asia, including part of Iran and southern west Pakistan in the western end of the range, as well as the Gobi desert. ... Binomial name Litocranius walleri (Brooke, 1878) The Gerenuk (Litocranius walleri) is an antelope-like animal, closely related to the gazelle, found in East Africa. ... Binomial name Litocranius walleri (Brooke, 1878) The Gerenuk (Litocranius walleri) is an antelope-like animal, closely related to the gazelle, found in East Africa. ... Binomial name Procapra picticaudata Hodgson, 1846 The Goa (Procapra picticaudata), also known as the Tibetan Gazelle, is a species of antelope which inhabits the Himalayan region. ... Binomial name Procapra przewalskii Büchner, 1891 Przewalskis Gazelle (Procapra przewalskii) is a member of the Bovide family and is found only in China. ... Binomial name Pantholops hodgsonii (Abel, 1826) The Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii) is a medium-sized bovid which is about 1. ... Binomial name Pantholops hodgsonii (Abel, 1826) The Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii) is a medium-sized bovid which is about 1. ... Binomial name Saiga tatarica Saiga Antelope The Saiga (Saiga tatarica) is an antelope which inhabits a vast area between Kalmykia, Kazakhstan, southern Siberia, and northwestern China. ... Binomial name Saiga tatarica Saiga Antelope The Saiga (Saiga tatarica) is an antelope which inhabits a vast area between Kalmykia, Kazakhstan, southern Siberia, and northwestern China. ... The Tribe Neotragini comprises the dwarf antelopes of Africa: Dorcatragus Beira Dorcatragus megalotis Madoqua Günthers Dik-dik Modoqua guntheri Kirks Dik-dik Madoqua kirkii Silver Dik-dik Madoqua piacentinii Salts Dik-dik Madoqua saltiana Neotragus Batess Pygmy Antelope Neotragus batesi Suni Neotragus moschatus Royal Antelope... Binomial name Dorcatragus megalotis Menges, 1894 The Beira (Dorcatragus megalotis) is a small antelope that inhabits arid regions of Somalia, Djibouti and eastern Ethiopia. ... Binomial name Dorcatragus megalotis Menges, 1894 The Beira (Dorcatragus megalotis) is a small antelope that inhabits arid regions of Somalia, Djibouti and eastern Ethiopia. ... The dik-dik is a small antelope named for the sound it makes when alarmed that lives in the brush of southern and eastern Africa. ... Binomial name Madoqua guntheri (Thomas, 1894) The Günthers Dik-dik (Mandoqua guntheri), is a small antelope found in eastern Africa. ... Binomial name Madoqua kirkii (Günther, 1880) The Kirks Dik-dik (Madoqua kirkii), is a small antelope found in eastern and southwestern Africa. ... Binomial name Madoqua piacentinii (Drake-Brockman, 1911) The Silver Dik-dik (Madoqua piacentinii) is a small antelope found in the Horn of Africa region, mostly coastal Somalia. ... Binomial name Madoqua saltiana Desmarest, 1816 Salts dik-dik (Mandoqua saltiana) is a small antelope found in semi-desert vegetation and arid thornbrush of East Africa. ... Binomial name Neotragus batesi de Winton, 1903 The Batess Pygmy Antelope (Neotragus batesi)—also known as the Dwarf Antelope or Bates Dwarf Antelope—is a very small antelope live in the moist forest and brush of Central and West Africa. ... Suni (Scientific name: Neotragus moschatus) are the smallest antelopes in the world. ... Binomial name Neotragus pygmaeus L., 1758 The Royal Antelope (Neotragus pygmaeus) is a very small West African antelope, only 25-30 cm tall, and the smallest of all antelopes. ... Binomial name Oreotragus oreotragus (Zimmerman, 1783) The Klipspringer (literally rock jumper in Afrikaans), Oreotragus oreotragus, also known colloquially as a mvundla (from Xhosa umvundla, meaning rabbit), is a small African antelope that lives from the Cape of Good Hope all the way up East Africa and into Ethiopia. ... Binomial name Oreotragus oreotragus (Zimmerman, 1783) The Klipspringer (literally rock jumper in Afrikaans), Oreotragus oreotragus, also known colloquially as a mvundla (from Xhosa umvundla, meaning rabbit), is a small African antelope that lives from the Cape of Good Hope all the way up East Africa and into Ethiopia. ... Binomial name Ourebia ourebi Zimmermann, 1782 // Oribi are graceful slender-legged, long-necked small antelope found in grassland almost throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. ... Binomial name Ourebia ourebi Zimmermann, 1782 // Oribi are graceful slender-legged, long-necked small antelope found in grassland almost throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. ... Binomial name Raphicerus campestris Thunberg, 1811 The Steenbok (Raphicerus campestris) is a common small antelope of southern and eastern Africa. ... Binomial name Raphicerus melanotis Thunberg, 1811 Southern or Cape Grysbok (Raphicerus melanotis) is a small antelope that inhabits the Western Cape region of South Africa between Albany and the Cedarberg Mountains. ... Families  Suidae  Tayassuidae  Hippopotamidae The Suina contains the earliest and most archaic Artiodactyla. ... Genera Babirusas, Babyrousa Giant forest hogs, Hylochoerus Warthogs, Phacochoerus Bush pigs, Potamochoerus Pigs, Sus Suidae is the biological family to which pigs and their relatives belong. ... Binomial name Babyrousa babyrussa Linnaeus,, 1758 Bizzare 4 tusk babirusa from Indonesian region. ... Binomial name Linnaeus, 1758 The Buru Babirusa (Babyrousa babyrussa), also known as the Golden Babirusa or Hairy Babirusa, is a pig-like animal native to Buru and the Sula Islands in Indonesia. ... Binomial name Hylochoerus meinertzhageni Thomas, 1904 The Giant Forest Hog (Hylochoerus meinertzhageni) is the largest wild member of the pig family Suidae. ... Binomial name Hylochoerus meinertzhageni Thomas, 1904 The Giant Forest Hog (Hylochoerus meinertzhageni) is the largest wild member of the pig family Suidae. ... Phacochoerus is a genus of even-toed ungulate in the Suidae family. ... This article or section is missing needed references or citation of sources. ... Binomial name (Pallas, 1766) The Warthog (Phacochoerus africanus) (African Lens-Pig) is a wild member of the pig family that lives in Africa. ... Binomial name Sus salvanius Hodgson, 1847 Pygmy hogs (Sus salvanius) are an endangered species of small wild pig, previously spread across India, Nepal, and Bhutan but now only found in Assam. ... Binomial name Sus salvanius Hodgson, 1847 Pygmy hogs (Sus salvanius) are an endangered species of small wild pig, previously spread across India, Nepal, and Bhutan but now only found in Assam. ... Binomial name Potamochoerus larvatus (Cuvier, 1822) The Bushpig (Potamochoerus larvatus) is a very hairy member of the pig family that lives in forest thickets, riverine vegetation and reedbeds close to water in Africa. ... Binomial name Potamochoerus porcus (Linnaeus, 1758) The Red River Hog (Potamochoerus porcus) is a wild member of the pig family that lives in the rainforests, mountains and brushes of Africa. ... For other uses, see Pig (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Sus barbatus Müller, 1838 Subspecies Sus barbatus oi Sus barbatus barbatus Sus barbatus ahoenobarbus The Bearded Pig (Wattrash) (Sus barbatus) is a species of pig. ... Binomial name Sus cebifrons Linnaeus, 1758 The Visayan warty pig, Sus cebifrons is a critically endangered species of pig. ... Binomial name Muller & Schlegel, 1843 The Celebes Warty Pig (Sus celebensis), Sulawesi warty pig or Sulawesi Pig, lives on Sulawesi in Indonesia. ... Binomial name Müller & Schlegel, 1843 The Flores Warty Pig (Sus heureni), is a species of pig found in Southern Asia. ... English: Philippine warty pig Filipino: Baboy damo The Philippine warty pig is found in the islands of Luzon, Biliran, Mindoro, Mindanao and Polillo. ... Binomial name Linnaeus, 1758 The wild boar (Sus scrofa) is the wild ancestor of the domestic pig. ... Species Tayassu Tayassu tajacu Tayassu pecari Catagonus Catagonus wagneri The peccaries (also known by its Spanish name, javelina or pecarí) are medium-sized mammals of the family Tayassuidae. ... Binomial name Tayassu pecari (Link, 1795) White-lipped Peccary, Tayassu pecari, is a peccary species found in North, Central and South America, living in rainforest, dry forest and chaco scrub. ... Binomial name Tayassu pecari (Link, 1795) White-lipped Peccary, Tayassu pecari, is a peccary species found in North, Central and South America, living in rainforest, dry forest and chaco scrub. ... Binomial name Catagonus wagneri Wetzel , 1975 The Chacoan peccary (Catagonus wagneri), is the closest living relative to the extinct Platygonus pearcei. ... Binomial name Catagonus wagneri Wetzel , 1975 The Chacoan peccary (Catagonus wagneri), is the closest living relative to the extinct Platygonus pearcei. ... Binomial name Tayassu tajacu (Linnaeus, 1758) Collared Peccary, Tayassu tajacu, is a peccary species found in North, Central and South America, living in many habitats, from dry, Sonoran desert and chaco to deep rainforest. ... Binomial name Tayassu tajacu (Linnaeus, 1758) Collared Peccary, Tayassu tajacu, is a peccary species found in North, Central and South America, living in many habitats, from dry, Sonoran desert and chaco to deep rainforest. ... Binomial name Roosmalen , 2007 The Giant Peccary (Pecari maximus) is a possible fourth species of peccary, discovered in Brazil in 2000 by the Dutch naturalist Marc van Roosmalen. ... Species  Lama glama  Lama pacos  Lama guanicoe  Vicugna vicugna  Camelus dromedarius  Camelus bactrianus The four llamas and two camels are camelids: members of the biological family Camelidae, the only family in the suborder Tylopoda. ... Map of the world showing distribution of camelids. ... Species  Lama glama  Lama pacos  Lama huonaeus Lama, the modern genus name for a small group of closely allied animals, which, before the Spanish conquest of the Americas, were the only domesticated ungulates of the continent. ... For other uses, see Llama (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Lama guanicoe (Müller, 1776) The guanaco (Lama guanicoe) is an elegant, fine-boned camelid animal that stands approximately 1. ... Binomial name (Molina, 1782) The vicuña (Vicugna vicugna) is one of 2 wild South American camelids, along with the guanaco, which live in the high alpineous areas of the Andes. ... Binomial name (Molina, 1782) The vicuña (Vicugna vicugna) is one of 2 wild South American camelids, along with the guanaco, which live in the high alpineous areas of the Andes. ... This article is about a breed of domesticated ungulates. ... For other uses, see Camel (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Camelus dromedarius Linnaeus, 1758 Dromedary range The Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius) (often referred to simply as the Dromedary) is a large even-toed ungulate native to northern Africa, Greater Middle East area and western India, also the land of east Africa, Sudan, Ethiopia and Somalia. ... Binomial name Linnaeus, 1758 Bactrian Camel range The Bactrian Camel (Camelus bactrianus) is a large even-toed ungulate native to the steppes of eastern Asia. ... Orders Order: Cetacea Suborders: Suina Tylopoda Ruminantia Family: Hippopotamidae Humpback Whale breaching. ... Subtaxa †Trilobophorous afarensis Geze, 1985 Hippopotaminae Gray, 1821 Hippopotamus Choeropsis †Hexaprotodon †Archaeopotamus †Saotherium †Kenyapotaminae Pickford, 1983 †Kenyapotamus †Palaeopotamus Hippopotamuses are the members of the family Hippopotamidae. ... Only a hundred years ago, Hippos existed in great numbers, covering a huge range. ... Binomial name Hexaprotodon liberiensis (Morton, 1849) The Pygmy Hippopotamus (Hexaprotodon liberiensis) is a large mammal native to the forests and swamps of western Africa (the species name, meaning of Liberia, reflects this). ... Binomial name (Morton, 1849)[2] Range map[1] Subspecies C. l. ...