NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Hispanic culture in The Philippines

The British historian Arnold J. Toynbee once asserted in one of his works that "the Philippines is a Latin American country that was transported to the Orient by a gigantic marine wave". While it’s impossible to deny the many Hispanic contributions made to the culture of the Philippines, Toynbee's romanticized assertion fails to acknowledge the cultural contributions made by the Chinese, Muslim and Hindu traders who settled in the islands between the 9th and 15th century and more recently contemporary influences from the United States following the Philippine-American War during the 20th century. Arnold Joseph Toynbee (April 14, 1889 - October 22, 1975) was a British historian whose twelve-volume analysis of the rise and fall of civilizations, A Study of History, 1934-1961, was a synthesis of world history, a metahistory based on universal rhythms of rise, flowering and decline. ... Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ... The term the Orient - literally meaning sunrise, east - is traditionally used to refer to Near, Middle, and Far Eastern countries. ... The tsunami that struck MalÃ© in the Maldives on December 26, 2004. ... The Hispanic world Hispanic (Spanish Hispano, from Latin HispÄnus, adjective from HispÄnia, Iberian Peninsula) is a term denoting a derivation from Spain, its people and culture. ... Combatants United States Philippines Commanders Elwell Stephen Otis Emilio Aguinaldo Strength 126,000 soldiers 80,000 soldiers Casualties 4,324 U.S. soldiers dead 2,840 wounded; 2,000 killed, dead, or wounded of the Philippine Constabulary 16,000 soldiers killed est. ...

The Philippines, having been the sole Spanish possession in Asia, endured the least amount of Spanish influence on its people in terms of Demography. This was primarily due to Population geography and small amounts of European population in the islands. Consequently, the Philippines was able to retain most of its predominantly indigenous population. Nonetheless, many of the Hispanic elements in the Culture of the Philippines have been incorporated into the native core. Since the 16th century, Spanish culture has transformed the Filipino cultural landscape of today. While remaining Asian at its core, Filipino culture is described as a unique blend of the East and West. This article needs cleanup. ... World map showing the location of Asia. ... Demography is the study of human population dynamics. ... Map of world population density as of 1994. ... The Spanish culture has roots in Iberian and Latin influences, Catholicism, Moorish Islam, tension between the centralized Castilian state and its regions, and its minority peoples. ...

History

Main article: History of the Philippines The History of the Philippines begins with the arrival of the first humans by land bridges at least 30,000 years ago. ...

The Philippines was ruled as a territory of New Spain, from 1565 to 1821 and as a province of Spain until 1898. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

In the past few years, the Philippines has began to re-establish closer ties to its former colonial rulers, Spain. The King and Queen of Spain attended the Centenial celebration of Philippine Independence from Spain on June 12, 1998 in recognition of a shared history and cultural ties. For other senses of this word, see history (disambiguation). ... The word culture, from the Latin colo, -ere, with its root meaning to cultivate, generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activity significance. ...

Language

Main article: Spanish in the Philippines Spanish is a language of historical and cultural significance in the Philippines. ...

Since the Philippines was a province of New Spain (Mexico) rather than Spain herself during the colonial period, the Spanish language spoken in the Philippines had a greater affinity to Mexican Spanish (i.e., Spanish as spoken in Mexico) rather than that of European Spanish (as spoken in Spain). Mexican Spanish is the form of the Spanish language spoken in Mexico by over 90% of the population. ...

In fact, of the great number of Spanish loan words that exist in the various Filipino languages, a few are actually of Nahuatl origin that were first incorporated into Mexican Spanish, and which do not exist in European Spanish. These include nanay(nantl), tatay(tatle), bayabas [from guayaba(s), guava], abokado (avocado), papaya, zapote, etc. Nahuatl is a native language of central Mexico. ...

Since the 20th century, the use of the Spanish language has declined, but in recent years there has been a re-birth of the language, largely due to efforts of re-establishing a sense of nationalism amongst the Filipino people and partly due to the increasing demands from call center industries seeking to employ fluent Spanish speakers in the country. This article is about the international language known as Spanish. ...

Most Filipino indigenous languages have significantly assimilated aspects of the Spanish language and contain thousands of loan words. Numerous words of Spanish origin are still used in Tagalog and Cebuano, despite systematic purges in the decades following Philippine independence from the United States.

Names of the country, provinces and cities

The name of the country itself comes from the king of Spain, Philip II. The name was given by Ruy López de Villalobos who gave the name to the Samar and Leyte regions in his expedition in 1543. It was later given to all of the islands in 1565 after the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors. See: Philip II of Macedon Philip II of Spain Philip II of France This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Ruy LÃ³pez de Villalobos (b. ... Samar may refer to: Samar Province, Philippines. ... Leyte can refer to several things: Leyte, an island in the Phillipines, site of a major World War II battle Leyte Gulf, also in the Phillipines, and site of a WW II battle Leyte province, a province of the Phillipines, including most of Leyte island Southern Leyte, a province of... Conquistador (Spanish: []) (meaning Conqueror in the Spanish language) is the term used to refer to the soldiers, explorers, and adventurers who brought much of the Americas and Asia Pacific under Spanish colonial rule between the 15th and 17th centuries, starting with the 1492 settlement established in modern-day Cuba by...

There are many Provinces in the Philippines with Spanish names, including Nueva Vizcaya, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Laguna, Isabela, Quirino, Aurora, La Union, Marinduque, Antique, Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, and Valle de Compostela. Nueva Vizcaya is a province of the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. ... Nueva Ecija is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. ... Quezon is a province of the Philippines located in the CALABARZON region in Luzon. ... Laguna may refer to more than one article: Laguna, a Philipine province; Laguna, Santa Catarina, a city located in southern Brazil; Laguna de Cameros, a municipality in La Rioja, Spain San CristÃ³bal de La Laguna (also La Laguna), a municipality in the island of Tenerife, province of Santa Cruz... Isabela is a province of the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. ... Quirino is a province of the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. ... Aurora is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. ... La Union is a province of the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region in Luzon. ... Marinduque is an island province of the Philippines located in the MIMAROPA region in Luzon. ... Antique can stand for any of several things: An antique is an object, often furniture or any other domestic item, that is highly valued because of its age, or because it belongs to a specific time period. ... Negros Occidental is a province of the Philippines located in the Western Visayas region. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Negros Oriental Region: Central Visayas (Region VII) Capital: Dumaguete City Founded: March 10, 1917 Population: 2000 censusâ€”1,126,061 (20th largest) Densityâ€”208 per kmÂ² (41st highest) Area: 5,402. ... Compostela Valley is the second newest province of the Philippines located in the Davao Region in Mindanao; only Zamboanga Sibugay is newer. ...

Many cities and towns are also named in Spanish, such as Toledo, Medellin, Santander, Nueva Valencia, Las Piñas, Prosperidad, Isabela, Sierra Bullones, Angeles, La Paz, Esperanza, Buenavista, Pilar, La Trinidad, Garcia Hernandez, Trece Martires, Los Baños, Floridablanca and many more. There are numerous other towns named after saints, such as San Fernando, Santa Rosa, Santa Rita, San Jose, and San Pablo, as well as after Spanish cities such as Sevilla, Toledo, Cadiz, Zaragoza, Avila and Salamanca. Toledo City, formerly known as Pueblo Hinulawan, is a 2nd class city in the province of Cebu, Philippines. ... Medellin is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Cebu, Philippines. ... Santander is a 5th class municipality in the province of Cebu, Philippines. ... Nueva Valencia is a 4th class municipality in the province of Guimaras, Philippines. ... Las PiÃ±as City is one of the cities and municipalities that comprise Metro Manila in the Philippines. ... Prosperidad is a 1st class municipality in the province of Agusan del Sur, Philippines. ... Isabela is a province of the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. ... Sierra Bullones is a 4th class municipality in the province of Bohol, Philippines. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... La Paz, Bolivia Central La Paz Panoramic sight of the city of La Paz La Paz or Chuquiyapu (chuqui, gold, yapu, farm) is the administrative capital of Bolivia, as well as the departmental capital of La Paz Department. ... Esperanza (Spanish hope) may refer to: Esperanza Base, an Argentine settlement in Antarctica Esperanza, Valverde, a district of the Dominican Republic Esperanza, Santa Fe a city in the Santa Fe Province of Argentina Esperanza, Agusan del Sur, a municipality in the Philippines Esperanza, Masbate, a municipality in the Philippines Esperanza... Buenavista may refer to: Buenavista is a city in Michoacan, Mexico Buenavista is a city in Guimaras, Philipines Buenavista is a city in Colombia This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Nuestra SeÃ±ora del Pilar (Spanish for Our Lady of the Pillar) is an apparition of Mary, mother of Jesus, whose shrine (Nuestra SeÃ±ora del Pilar Basilica) is in Zaragoza, Spain, by the river Ebro. ... La Trinidad is a 1st class municipality in the province of Benguet, Philippines. ... Garcia Hernandez is a 4th class municipality in the province of Bohol, Philippines. ... Trece Martires is a 4th class city in the province of Cavite, Philippines. ... Los Banos may refer to: Los Banos, California, United States Los BaÃ±os, Laguna, Philippines This is a disambiguation page â€” a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Floridablanca is a town in the Philippines. ... San Fernando (Spanish for Saint Ferdinand) may refer to: Argentina San Fernando, Buenos Aires, city of the Greater Buenos Aires. ... Santa Rosa, Spanish for Saint Rose, is the name of a number of places: Argentina Santa Rosa, Argentina Santa Rosa Department, Catamarca Santa Rosa Department, Mendoza Brazil Santa Rosa, Rio Grande do Sul Santa Rosa, GoiÃ¡s Colombia Santa Rosa, BolÃvar Santa Rosa, Cauca Santa Rosa de Osos, Antioquia... Santa Rita may refer to: Paraguay Santa Rita District Philippines Santa Rita, Pampanga Santa Rita, Samar Venezuela Santa Rita, Aragua This is a disambiguation page â€” a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... San José – or its anglicised form San Jose – is the Spanish for Saint Joseph. ... San Pablo (the Spanish equivalent of Saint Paul) is a common toponym in parts of the world where the Spanish language is or was spoken. ... This article is about the city in Spain. ... The faÃ§ade of Toledo cathedral Toledo is a city located in central Spain, the capital of the province of Toledo and of the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha. ... This article is about the Spanish city. ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Zaragoza (Spanish) Spanish name Zaragoza Founded 24 Postal code 50001 - 50018 Website http://www. ... vila is a town in the south of Castile, the capital of the province of the same name, now part of the autonomous community of Castile-Leon, Spain. ... Salamanca: Plaza Mayor Towers of the Old and New Cathedrals Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Salamanca Salamanca (population 160,000) is a city in western Spain, the capital of the province of Salamanca, which belongs to the autonomous community(region) of Castile-Leon(Castilla y LeÃ³n). ...

Many others with indigenous names are spelled using Spanish orthography, such as Cagayán de Oro, Parañaque, and Cebú. Cagayan de Oro (abbreviated C.D.O.) is the premier city of Northern Mindanao. ... ParaÃ±aque City (pop. ... Cebu City is the capital of the province of Cebu in the Philippines and is the second most important metropolitan center in the country. ...

People

One of the most visible marks left by Spanish rule in the Philippines is the prevalence of the Roman Catholic religion and Hispanic names and surnames among most Filipinos. Around 90% of the population are predominantly of indigenous ancestry. Mestizos, those of mixed Spanish, Mexican or European ancestry make up 3.6% of the population. The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... In Spanish-, Portuguese-, and Catalan-speaking regions of the world, people have two surnames. ... Mestizo (Portuguese, MestiÃ§o; French, MÃ©tis: from Late Latin mixticius, from Latin mixtus, past participle of miscere, to mix) is a term of Spanish origin used to designate the people of mixed European and indigenous non-European ancestry. ...

Catholic religion

The Philippines is a predominantly Catholic country, with (83%) of the population baptized with the rites of the Roman Catholic Church. Roman Catholicism was introduced by the Spaniards. Friars and priests were in charge of converting the entire Filipino population from the previously practiced Islam and the many local native spiritual traditions to Christianity. For other uses, including people named Islam, see Islam (disambiguation). ... Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on Jesus of Nazareth, and on his life and teachings as presented in the New Testament. ...

Many Filipinos at home set up altars in Hispanic Catholic fashion, adorned with icons, flowers, statues, etc. On feast days, various barrios host processions in honor of their patron saint. Many young girls are chosen as the 'queen' of the procession. Barrio is a Spanish word meaning district. ...

Except for the Muslim minority in the southern Philippines, concentrated mainly in Mindanao, conversion was almost universal. Filipinos, though angered by clergy abuses, widespread church corruption and hypocrisy, nevertheless maintained the religion even after Spanish and Mexican political decline.

With the Hispanic governing minority withdrawing from the islands, Filipinos were able to hold more and higher positions in church life - positions that had been previously reserved for the Spaniards and Mexicans, and strictly prohibited to natives - leading to the fortification of the Filipino relationship with the faith and allowing for its continued position as the country's mainstream religion.

Fiestas and religious holidays

Spanish-Mexican Culture and Roman Catholicism has significantly influenced the culture and traditions. Every year on the 3rd week of January, the country celebrates the festival of the "Santo Niño" (Spanish, "Santo Niño"), or "Holy Child Jesus", the largest being held in Cebu City. The country also celebrate's the "Patrona" (Female Patron Saint) with festivals nation wide. Millions of Filipinos around the country attend this religious Mardi Gras born from the amalgam of the indigenous Malayan cultures, devotion to the Holy Child Jesus, Christianity and the founding of the country. The City of Cebu is the provincial capital of Cebu in the Philippines and is the second most important metropolitan center in the country. ...

To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Easter, also known as Pascha (Greek Î Î¬ÏƒÏ‡Î±: Passover), the Feast of the Resurrection, the Sunday of the Resurrection, or Resurrection Day, is the most important religious feast of the Christian liturgical year, observed between late March and late April (early April to early May in Eastern Christianity). ... All Souls Day by William Bouguereau All Souls Day (Commemoratio omnium fidelium defunctorum) is the day set apart in the Roman Catholic Church for the commemoration of the faithful departed. ... All Saints in Poland The festival of All Saints, also sometimes known as All Hallows, or Hallowmas, is a feast celebrated in honour of all the saints and martyrs, known or unknown. ... Sugar skull given for the Day of the Dead For other uses, see Day of the Dead (disambiguation). ... Christmas or Christmas Day is a holiday celebrating the birth of Jesus, the central figure of Christianity. ...

Arts, literature and music

Early Hispanic borrowings, although highly hybridized into the Filipino culture, is essentially based on indigenous and European foundations.

Folk dances and music have remained relatively intact in the 21st century. These were introduced from Spain and Mexico in the 16th century and can be regarded as largely Hispanic in constitution, which have remained in the Philippines for many centuries.

Cooking

Calabaza fruit Calabaza vine Calabaza leaf Calabasas is also a city in California Calabaza (sometimes spelled calabasa, not to be confused with a calabash) is a kind of squash commonly eaten in Latin America, the Philippines, and the Caribbean. ... Binomial name Ipomoea batatas Linnaeus The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is a crop plant whose large, starchy, sweet-tasting tuberous roots are an important root vegetable. ... Typical Mexican Torta A torta is a Mexican sandwich, served on an oblong 6-8 inch firm, crusty white sandwich roll, called a bolillo or telera. ... Menudo, the soup The soup menudo is a traditional Mexican dish; a spicy soup made with hominy and tripe. ... In South America, particularly Argentina, and Spain, an empanada is essentially a stuffed pastry. ... Pork rinds are a snack food made from chunks (called pellets) of cured pork skin (sometimes including portions of meat as well), deep-fried and puffed into light, irregular curls, and often seasoned with chilli pepper or barbecue flavoring. ... Adobo, a common dish in the Philippines, is typically made from pork or chicken, slow-cooked in soy sauce, vinegar, crushed garlic, bay leaf, and black peppercorns. ... Lechon (Tagalog: Litson) is connoted with a roasted whole pig, lechon baboy. ...

Business

In the business community, the Philippine Chamber of Commerce and Industry (PCCI) plays an integral role in the economic, political and social development of the nation. Historically, the chamber can be traced back as early as the 1890s with the inauguration of the Cámara de Comercio de Filipinas. This organization was composed mainly of Spanish companies such as the Compañía General de Tabaco de Filipinas, Fábrica de Cerveza San Miguel and Elizalde y Cia, among others mandated by Spain under a Royal Grant. San Miguel is: San Miguel is a town in San Luis Obispo County in California San Miguel is the name of a county in New Mexico San Miguel is the name of a town in the Philippine province of Leyte A city in Tabasco is called San Miguel The biggest...

During the first half of the 20th century commerce and industrial trades with other Hispanic countries declined due to the American administration of the country. However the resurgence of trade between Spain and Latin American countries had risen toward the closing of the century. The year 1998 marked the centenial of the end of colonial Spain, however, it also opened a new opportunity for both Spanish and Filipino businesses to reconnect their historic ties as trade between east and west continues to rise during the 21st century. Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ...

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