Balochistan was conquered by the British Empire on October 1, 1887. In 1948, it Forcefully became part of Pakistan. Since then, a number of separatist groups in the province have engaged in armed violence against the Pakistani government—first led by Prince Karim Khan in 1948, and later by Nawab Nowroz Khan in 1968. These tribal uprisings were limited in scope. A more serious insurgency was led by the Marri and Mengal tribes in 1973-1977. All these groups fought for the existence of a "Greater Balochistan"—a single independent state ruled under tribal jirgas (a tribal system of government) and comprising the historical Balochistan region, presently split between Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan. In 2005 there was another violent struggle to achieve these aims. In 2006, the Pakistan army killed Nawab Akbar Bugti. Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... Shortcut: WP:NPOVD Articles that have been linked to this page are the subject of an NPOV dispute (NPOV stands for Neutral Point Of View; see below). ... Balochistan or Baluchistan may refer to: Balochistan (region), a large region covering southwest Pakistan, southwest Afghanistan and southeast Iran Balochistan (Iran), part of the Iranian Sistan and Baluchestan Province Balochistan (Pakistan) a province of Pakistan Balochistan (Afghanistan), Southern centre and southern west of Afghanistan Baluchistan was divided into three main... Balochistan, or Ballsforchinstan, Balochi, Pashto, Urdu: بلوچستان) is a province in Pakistan, the largest in the country by geographical area. ... The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ... is the 274th day of the year (275th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1887 (MDCCCLXXXVII) is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. ... Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Prince Abdul Karim Khan was the younger brother of Khan of Kalat , Mir Ahmadyar Khan, the last ruler of Balochistan. ... Nawab Nauroz/Nowroz Khan, commonly known by Balochs as Babu Nowroz, was the head of the Zarakzai tribes of Balochistan. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... г For the Australian tree see Corymbia calophylla. ... Mengal (Urdu: مینگل ) is a famous Baloch tribe. ... For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ... Also: 1977 (album) by Ash. ... Major ethnic groups in Pakistan and surrounding areas, in 1980. ... A jirga (occasionally jirgah) is a tribal assembly which takes decisions by consensus. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... now. ...

Ancient history

From the 1st century to the 3rd century CE, the region was ruled by the Pāratarājas (lit. "Pārata Kings"), a dynasty of Indo-Scythian or Indo-Parthian kings. The dynasty of the Pāratas is thought to be identical with the Pāradas of the Mahabharata, the Puranas and other Indian sources.^[1] The 1st century was that century that lasted from 1 to 100 according the Gregorian calendar. ... // Overview Events 212: Constitutio Antoniniana grants citizenship to all free Roman men 212-216: Baths of Caracalla 230-232: Sassanid dynasty of Persia launches a war to reconquer lost lands in the Roman east 235-284: Crisis of the Third Century shakes Roman Empire 250-538: Kofun era, the first... Coin of Parataraja king Arjuna (2nd century CE). ... The Indo-Scythian King of Kings Azes II (c. ... Coin of Gondophares (20-50 AD), first king of the Indo-Parthians kingdom. ... The Paradas are a people mentionned in ancient Indian writings from the beginning of our era, such as the Manu Smriti. ... For the film by Peter Brook, see The Mahabharata (1989 film). ... Purana (Sanskrit: , meaning tales of ancient times) is the name of an ancient Indian genre (or a group of related genres) of Hindu or Jain literature (as distinct from oral tradition). ...

They are essentially known through their coins, which typically exhibit the bust of the ruler on the observe, with long hair within a headband), and a swastika within a Brahmi legend on the reverse (usually silver coins) or Kharoshthi (usually copper coins). The coins can mainly be found in the Loralai area of modern Pakistan. This article is about the symbol. ... BrāhmÄ« refers to the pre-modern members of the Brahmic family of scripts, attested from the 3rd century BC. The best known and earliest dated inscriptions in Brahmi are the rock-cut edicts of Ashoka. ... The Kharoṣṭhī script, also known as the Gāndhārī script, is an ancient alphabetic script used by the Gandhara culture of historic northwest India to write the Gandhari and Sanskrit languages (the Gandhara kingdom was located along the present-day border... Loralai is a town and district of Pakistan, in Baluchistan. ...

Herodotus in 650 BCE describes the Paraitakenoi as a tribe ruled by Deiokes, a Persian king, in north-western Persia (History I.101). Arrian describes how Alexander the Great encountered the Pareitakai in Bactria and Sogdiana, and had them conquered by Craterus (Anabasis Alexandrou IV). The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (1st century CE) describes the territory of the Paradon beyond the Ommanitic region, on the coast of modern Baluchistan.^[2] Herodotus of Halicarnassus (Greek: Hērodotos Halikarnāsseus) was a Greek historian from Ionia who lived in the 5th century BC (ca. ... Deioces, Déjocès or Diyako (709 to 656 B.C.) was the first king of the Medes, an Iranian people. ... Alexander the Great Lucius Flavius Arrianus Xenophon (c. ... For the film of the same name, see Alexander the Great (1956 film). ... Bactria, about 320 BC Bactria (Bactriana, Bākhtar in Persian, also Bhalika in Arabic and Indian languages, and Ta-Hia in Chinese) was the ancient Greek name of the country between the range of the Hindu Kush and the Amu Darya (Oxus); its capital, Bactra or Balhika or Bokhdi (now... Sogdiana, ca. ... Craterus (c. ... Names, routes and locations of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. ...

Bulk of Bloch migrations from what was Persia came at the time of invasion of Gangis Khan into that region. Blochies were given refuge in what was the greater Sindh region. Later infighting between Blochies resulted in clans led by sardars, which claimed regions within Sindh. In an effort to gain total control of the regions, the British named the area Blochistan and got the support of Bloch Sardars who then were titled as Nawabs. These Nawabs were to keep minor Bloch, Pathan etc. sardars in check. For the last 150 years the region has seen continual fighting to gain access to natural resources in otherwise barren land.

Major kings

• Yolamira, son of Bagavera (2nd century)
• Arjuna, son of Yolamira (2nd century)
• Hvaramira, another son of Yolamira (2nd century)
• Mirahvara, son of Hvaramira (2nd century)
• Miratakhma, another son of Hvaramira (2nd century)

on noonononon he was not the sun oif him he was my son

Islamic conquest of Baluchistan

What is now Baluchistan province of Pakistan, in 7th century A.D was divided into two main regions, its south western parts were part of Karman province of Persian Empire and north eastern region was part of the Persian province Sistan. The southern region was included in Makran. In early 644 A.D, Caliph Umar sent Suhail ibn Adi from Busra to conquer the Karman region of Iran; he was made governor of Karman. From Karman he entered the western Baluchistan and conquered the region near to Persian frontiers.^[3] South Western Baluchistan was conquered during the campaign in sistan the same year. During Caliph Uthman’s reign in 652 A.D, Baluchistan was re-conquered during the campaign against the revolt in Karman, under the command of Majasha ibn Masood, it was first time when western Baluchistan came directly under the Laws of Caliphate and gave tribute on agriculture.^[4]In those days western Baluchistan was included in the dominion of Karman. In 654 A.D Abdulrehman ibn Samrah was made governor of Sistan, an Islamic army was sent under him to crush the revolt in Zarang, which is now in southern Afghanistan. Conquering Zarang a column moved north ward to conquer areas up to Kabul and Ghazni in Hindu Kush Mountains, while another column moved towards North western Baluchistan and conquered area up to the ancient city of Dawar and Qandabil (Bolan),^[5] by 654 A.D the whole of what is now Baluchistan province of Pakistan was under the rule of Rashidun Caliphate except for the well defended mountain town of QaiQan (now Kalat), which was conquered during Caliph Ali’s reign. ^[6] Abdulrehman ibn Samrah made Zaranj his provincial capital and remained governor of these conquered areas from 654 to 656 A.D, until Uthman was murdered. During the Caliphate of Ali, the areas of Baluchistan, Makran again broke into revolt. Due to civil war in the Islamic empire Ali was unable to take notice of these areas, at last in the year 660 A.D he sent a large force under the command of Haris ibn Marah Abdi towards Makran, Baluchistan and Sind. Haris ibn Marah Abdi arrived in Makran and conquered it by force then moved north ward to north eastern Baluchistan and re-conquered Qandabil (bolan), then again moving south finally conquered Qaiqan (kalat) after a fierce battle^[7]. In 663 A.D during the reign of Umayyad Caliph Muawiyah I, Muslim lost control of North eastern Baluchistan and Kalat when Haris ibn Marah and large part of army died in the battle field against a revolt in Kalat.^[8] MUslim forces latter re-gained the control of the area during Umayyads reign. It also remianed part of Abbasid Caliphate's empire. A province is a territorial unit, almost always a country subdivision. ... 7 (seven) is the natural number following 6 and preceding 8. ... A century (From the Latin cent, one hundred) is one hundred consecutive years. ... This article or section should include material from AD converters In electronics, an analog-to-digital converter (abbreviated ADC, A/D, or A to D) is a device that converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers. ... A compass rose with South highlighted South is most commonly a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating direction or geography. ... A compass rose with west highlighted This article refers to the cardinal direction; for other uses see West (disambiguation). ... Theodore von Kármán (May 11, 1881 - May 6, 1963) was an engineer and physicist who was active primarily in the fields of aeronautics during the seminal era in the 1940s and 1950s. ... Persia redirects here. ... Compass rose with north highlighted and at top Look up North in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST, internally called HT-7U) is a project being undertaken to construct an experimental superconducting tokamak magnetic fusion energy reactor in Hefei, the capital city of Anhui Province, in eastern China. ... Categories: Iran geography stubs | Provinces of Iran ... A compass rose with South highlighted South is most commonly a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating direction or geography. ... Makran is the southern region of Balochistan, in Iran and Pakistan along the coast of the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman. ... The Tang dynasty of China begins invasion of Koguryo. ... This article or section should include material from AD converters In electronics, an analog-to-digital converter (abbreviated ADC, A/D, or A to D) is a device that converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers. ... For main article see: Caliphate The Caliph (pronounced khaleef in Arabic) is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Sharia. ... For other uses, see Umar (disambiguation). ... Bosra (alternative Bostra, Busrana, Bozrah, Bozra, Busra Eski Sham, Busra ash-Sham, Nova Trojana Bostra) is an ancient city in southern modern-day Syria. ... Theodore von Kármán (May 11, 1881 - May 6, 1963) was an engineer and physicist who was active primarily in the fields of aeronautics during the seminal era in the 1940s and 1950s. ... Theodore von Kármán (May 11, 1881 - May 6, 1963) was an engineer and physicist who was active primarily in the fields of aeronautics during the seminal era in the 1940s and 1950s. ... Theodore von Kármán (May 11, 1881 - May 6, 1963) was an engineer and physicist who was active primarily in the fields of aeronautics during the seminal era in the 1940s and 1950s. ... A compass rose with west highlighted This article refers to the cardinal direction; for other uses see West (disambiguation). ... For other uses of this term see: Persia (disambiguation) The Persian Empire is the name used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled the country of Persia (Iran). ... Categories: Iran geography stubs | Provinces of Iran ... For other uses of the name, see Uthman (name). ... Events Khazaria becomes an independent state (approximate date) Rodoald succeeds his father Rothari as king of the Lombards Births Clotaire III, king of the Franks Deaths Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, uncle of Muhammed, progenitor of the Abbasids Saint Ida of Nivelles, widow of Pippin of Landen, monastic foundress Rothari... This article or section should include material from AD converters In electronics, an analog-to-digital converter (abbreviated ADC, A/D, or A to D) is a device that converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers. ... Theodore von Kármán (May 11, 1881 - May 6, 1963) was an engineer and physicist who was active primarily in the fields of aeronautics during the seminal era in the 1940s and 1950s. ... A caliphate (from the Arabic خلافة or khilāfah), is the Islamic form of government representing the political unity and leadership of the Muslim world. ... Theodore von Kármán (May 11, 1881 - May 6, 1963) was an engineer and physicist who was active primarily in the fields of aeronautics during the seminal era in the 1940s and 1950s. ... Events King Reccaswinth issues Visigothic law code. ... This article or section should include material from AD converters In electronics, an analog-to-digital converter (abbreviated ADC, A/D, or A to D) is a device that converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers. ... Categories: Iran geography stubs | Provinces of Iran ... Islam (Arabic: ; ( â–¶ (help· info)), the submission to God) is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions and the worlds second-largest religion. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... A compass rose with South highlighted South is most commonly a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating direction or geography. ... For other places with the same name, see Kabul (disambiguation). ... Ghazni (Persian: غزنی , ÄžaznÄ«) is a city in eastern Afghanistan, with an estimated population of 149,998 people. ... The Hindu Kush or Hindukush (هندوکش in Persian) is a mountain range in Afghanistan as well as in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. ... For other uses, see Mountain (disambiguation). ... Quetta is a district in the north west of Balochistan province of Pakistan. ... Bolan district is in the center of Balochistan province of Pakistan. ... Events King Reccaswinth issues Visigothic law code. ... This article or section should include material from AD converters In electronics, an analog-to-digital converter (abbreviated ADC, A/D, or A to D) is a device that converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers. ... A province is a territorial unit, almost always a country subdivision. ... The Rightly Guided Caliphs or The Righteous Caliphs ( transliteration: ) is a term used in Sunni Islam to refer to certain of the Caliphs. ... The city of Kalat is located roughly in the center of Balochistan, Pakistan, south and slightly west of the provincial capital Quetta. ... For other uses, see Ali (disambiguation). ... Events King Reccaswinth issues Visigothic law code. ... Oswiu of Northumbria annexes Mercia // Battle of Bassorah (also known as Battle of the Camel) between Ali and Aisha, part of the first civil war in Islam; taken place in modern-day Basra, Iraq. ... This article or section should include material from AD converters In electronics, an analog-to-digital converter (abbreviated ADC, A/D, or A to D) is a device that converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers. ... For other uses of the name, see Uthman (name). ... A caliphate (from the Arabic خلافة or khilāfah), is the Islamic form of government representing the political unity and leadership of the Muslim world. ... For other uses, see Ali (disambiguation). ... Makran is the southern region of Balochistan, in Iran and Pakistan along the coast of the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman. ... A civil war is a war in which parties within the same culture, society or nationality fight against each other for the control of political power. ... Template:Islamic Empire infobox The Ottoman Empire (1299 - 29 October 1923) (Ottoman Turkish: Devlet-i Aliye-yi Osmaniyye; literally, The Sublime Ottoman State, modern Turkish: Osmanlı Ä°mparatorluÄŸu), is also known in the West as the Turkish Empire. ... For other uses, see Ali (disambiguation). ... Events Childeric II proclaimed king of Austrasia. ... This article or section should include material from AD converters In electronics, an analog-to-digital converter (abbreviated ADC, A/D, or A to D) is a device that converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers. ... Makran is the southern region of Balochistan, in Iran and Pakistan along the coast of the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman. ... Le de de Sind de ou de Sindh de (Sindhi: ‎, Urdu: ‎, Hindi: ) peut se rapporter : * Sindh de le Pakistan (de 1970), retitré du ** de province de Sind dedans 1990 * [[provinces de |Sind] de province de Sind (1936-1955)] de lInde britannique (1936-04-01 - 1947-08-13) ** de le... Makran is the southern region of Balochistan, in Iran and Pakistan along the coast of the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman. ... Quetta is a district in the north west of Balochistan province of Pakistan. ... Bolan district is in the center of Balochistan province of Pakistan. ... The city of Kalat is located roughly in the center of Balochistan, Pakistan, south and slightly west of the provincial capital Quetta. ... // Events Byzantine emperor Constans II invades south Italy (Part of) the city wall of Benevento is reconstructed The movement to restore Baekje is defeated by Silla and Tang Battle of Hakusukinoe An annonymous monk reaches the summit of mount Fuji Environmental change A brief outbreak of plague hits Britain Births... This article or section should include material from AD converters In electronics, an analog-to-digital converter (abbreviated ADC, A/D, or A to D) is a device that converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers. ... The Courtyard of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, one of the grandest architectural legacies of the Umayyads. ... For main article see: Caliphate The Caliph (pronounced khaleef in Arabic) is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Sharia. ... Mu‘āwÄ«yah ibn AbÄ« Sufyān (Arabic: )‎ (602-680) was a companion of Muhammad and later the Umayyad caliph in Damascus. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... Quetta is a district in the north west of Balochistan province of Pakistan. ... The city of Kalat is located roughly in the center of Balochistan, Pakistan, south and slightly west of the provincial capital Quetta. ... The city of Kalat is located roughly in the center of Balochistan, Pakistan, south and slightly west of the provincial capital Quetta. ... The Courtyard of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, one of the grandest architectural legacies of the Umayyads. ... Mashriq Dynasties  Maghrib Dynasties  The Abbasid Caliphate Abbasid (Arabic: , ) is the dynastic name generally given to the caliph of Baghdad, the second of the two great Sunni dynasties of the Arab Empire, that overthrew the Umayyad caliphs from all but Spain. ... A caliphate (from the Arabic خلافة or khilāfah), is the Islamic form of government representing the political unity and leadership of the Muslim world. ...

Accession issues of 1948

The factual accuracy of this section is disputed. Please see the relevant discussion on the talk page

Balochi nationals support the claim that the ruler of the Khanate of Balochistan, Mir Ahmad Yar Khan,was coerced by Mohammad Ali Jinnah, the first governor-general of Pakistan, to sign the document of accession. Critics dispute such claims as unrealistic and contrary to popular support for Jinnah, as the Khan of Kalat ruled even after Jinnah's death with the support of the government. However, the Khan was not an absolute monarch; he was required to act under the provisions of the Rawaj (the Baloch constitution). Image File history File links Emblem-important. ... For the Star Trek character see Khan Noonien Singh. ... office: 1st Governor-General of Pakistan Term of office: August 14, 1947 – September 11, 1948 Succeeded by: Khawaja Nazimuddin Date of birth: December 25, 1876 Place of birth: Wazir Mansion, Karachi Wives: Emibai 1892–1893, Rattanbai Petit 1918–1929 Children: daughter Dina Wadia Date of Death: September 11, 1948 Place... Khan of Kalat or Khan-e-Qalat (Urdu: خان قلات) is the title of former rulers of State of Kalat. ...

The incorporation of the Khanate resulted in a few anti-Pakistani rallies and meetings in certain areas of the Khanate. To subdue anti-Pakistani sentiment, the Army of Pakistan was placed on alert. The Government of Pakistan decided to take complete control of the administration of the Khanate of Balochistan on April 15, 1948. The A.G.G. in Balochistan conveyed Jinnah's orders that the Khanate would revert to its previous status as it had existed under British rule. Jinnah also refused to give autonomy to Balochistan. is the 105th day of the year (106th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In April 1948, several political leaders from Balochistan, including Mohammad Amin Khosa and Abdul Samad Achakzai, were arrested. The pro-Congress Anjuman-i-Watan Party, headed by Samad Achakzai, was declared unlawful.

Prince Abdul Karim Khan

The refusal to grant autonomy to Balochistan and the continued existence of the Sandeman system re­sulted in civil unrest. On the night of May 16, 1948, Prince Abdul Karim Khan, the younger brother of the Khan, decided to lead a national liberation movement. is the 136th day of the year (137th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Prince invited the leading members of nationalist political parties—the Kalat State National Party, the Baloch League, and the Baloch National Workers Party—to join him in the struggle for the creation of an independent "Greater Balochistan." Apart from his political motives, the Prince was a member of the royal family and the former governor of the Makran province; he was upset by Pakistan's recognition of Sardar Bay Khan Gichki as Makran's ruler. Makran is the southern region of Balochistan, in Iran and Pakistan along the coast of the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman. ...

Origins and allies of the movement

Prince Karim decided to migrate to Afghanistan in order to get help and to organ­ize the liberation movement. He wrote to the Khan on June 28, 1948 ex­plaining the causes of his migration. is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Some of the prominent political leaders who joined him were Mohammed Hussein Anka (the secretary of the Baloch League and the editor of Weekly Bolan Mastung), Malik Saeed Dehwar (the secretary of the Kalat State National Party), Qadir Bakhsh Nizamami (a member of the Baloch League), Maulwi Mohd Afzal (a member of Jamiat-Ulm-e-Balochistan), and prominent members of the Sind-Balochistan branch of the Communist Party. In modern usage, the term communist party is generally used to identify any political party which has adopted communist ideology. ...

Plan of action

The Baloch Warriors , entered Afghanistan and encamped at Sarlath in the province of Kandahar. During their stay, the Baloch freedom fighters adopted the following measures to achieve their goal: This article is about the city in Afghanistan. ...

• Sending messages to the Baloch chiefs of Eastern and Western Balochistan, asking them to join in the armed struggle;
• Running a truth-revealing campaign in Balochistan, aimed at the educating the locals, teaching them to fight for their rights and enlist in a national liberation force;
• Searching for international support, particularly from countries who were supportive of democratic process and did not support the rule of military juntas.

Messages were sent to Mir Ghulam Faruq of the Rudini tribe, Sardar Mehrab Khan, Sardar Mir Jumma and Mir Wazir Khan Sanjrani of Chagai, and several other chiefs. The propaganda campaign was to be carried out on two fronts: Distribution of Balochs is marked in pink. ... See also: Book_of_Haggai Haggai (חַגַּי, Standard Hebrew and Tiberian Hebrew Ḥaggay) was one of the twelve so-called minor prophets and the author of the Book of Haggai. ...

• (A) The national cultural front
• (B) The religious front

Armed struggle

In addition to the cultural and religious campaigns, the Prince also organized the Baloch Warriors, a liberation force consisting of former soldiers and officers of the Khanate's army. Prince Karim was chosen as the supreme commander.

The Prince issued an appeal to individuals to help with the recruitment. A person re­cruiting 100 men was offered the rank of major, and a person recruiting 50 men was entitled to the rank of captain. The Baloch liberation army had a secret agency called Jannisar (devotee), whose duty was to provide information, destroy the communication system, watch the activities of Pakistan Army. There was also a secret unit called Janbaz (darer), whose job was to kill all traitors. The Janbaz were subordinate to the Jannisar. The headquarters of the agency was known as Bab-i-Aali (war office) and was headed by Prince Karim. The total strength of the Jannisar was recorded as 30; nothing is known about the strength of the Janbaz. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Soviets and Afghans

The Prince did not start a war of liberation because of Afghanistan's re­fusal and the Soviet Union's unwillingness to offer assistance. During his stay in Sarlath, Prince Karim appointed Malik Saeed and Qadir Bakhsh Nizamani as his emis­saries to contact the Afghan government and approach other embassies in order to get moral and material support. According to Nizamani, the Afghan authorities refused to provide any sort of help and told them either to remain in Kandahar as political refugees or to return to Balochistan. The Afghan authorities also re­fused to permit the rebel group to operate on Afghan soil. Nizamami informed the Iranian Embassy of the Baloch demands as well. Iranian diplomats showed their concern but did not offer any assistance, though they were willing to provide asylum to the rebel group in Iran. The last hope of the Prince's re­presentative was the Soviet Embassy. The Soviet diplomats listened to Nizamami carefully. Though they did not give any assurances, they did promise to inform Moscow. For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ...

Since the rise of Ahmed Shah Abdali, the Afghans had treated Balochistan as a vassal state until the Baloch-Afghan war of 1758, when both parties signed an agreement of "non-interference." In the 19th century, Afghan rulers like Shuja Shah and Abdur Rahman Khan wanted to occupy Balochistan. In 1947, the Afghan government demanded the creation of Pashtunistan, a region stretching from Chitral and Gilgit to the Baloch coast in the Arabian Sea. The Afghan go­vernment called Balochistan "South Pashtunistan" in statements and in its publications. The Afghan expansionist policy reflected the economic considerations of a landlocked state. At the same time, it was impossible for the Afghan government to neglect its own national interests and to support the movement of an indepen­dent Greater Balochistan, which claimed the Baloch region in Afghanistan. Ahmad Shah Durrani Ahmad Shah Abdali (c. ... A puppet state is a state whose government, though notionally of the same culture as the governed people - owes its existence (or other major debt) to being installed, supported or controlled by a more powerful entity, typically a foreign power. ... Shuja Shah (Shoja Shah, Shah Shujah, Shujah al-Mulk) (? - April 1842) was of the Sadozai line of the Abdali group of Pashtun clans. ... Amir Abdur Rahman Khan Abdur Rahman Khan Abdur Rahman Khan (1844 - October 1, 1901), Emir of Afghanistan, was the third son of Afzul Khan, who was the eldest son of Dost Mahommed Khan, who had established the Barakzais family dynasty in Afghanistan. ... Pashtunistan (Pashto, Persian: پشتونستان) or Pakhtunistan (Pashto, Persian: پختونستان), is what many Pashtun nationalists call the Pashtun-dominated areas of Pakistan. ... This article is about the town of Chitral. ... For other uses, see Gilgit (disambiguation). ... The Arabian Sea (Arabic: بحر العرب; transliterated: Bahr al-Arab) is a region of the Indian Ocean bounded on the east by India, on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by Arabian Peninsula, on the south, approximately, by a line between Cape Guardafui, the north-east point of Somalia...

Stalin did not pursue Lenin's policy in the East. Moreover, the Soviet government was unwilling to annoy the Afghans or the British, both of whom opposed the creation of an independent Balochistan.

Prince Karim's legitimacy outlawed

Meanwhile, a Farman or "Royal order" issued by the Khan on May 24, 1948 stated that the Prince and his party were to be regarded as a rebel group; no connection of any sort with the Prince and his party should be maintained, nor should they be given rations; further, if any member of the rebel group committed an offence, he would be punished. The Government of Pakistan moved the army to the military posts of Punjab, Chaman Chashme, and Rastri near the Afghan border, attempting to control the rebels' rations which were being sent by pro-liberation elements, and to control their activities or stop any attempt at invasion. The Pakistani au­thorities confirmed two clashes between the army and the liberation forces. is the 144th day of the year (145th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

To avoid popular unrest in Balochistan, the Khan sent his maternal uncles Hajji Ibrahim Khan and Hajji Taj Mohammed from Sarlath to bring Prince Karim back to Kalat. Khan made his return conditional.

The Prince and the liberation movement failed to achieve internal and external sup­port. Moreover, the Baloch nationalists were divided into two groups. Anqa and Malik Saeed favored armed struggle in the form of guerilla war, while Mir Ghous Bux Bizenjo and other prominent leaders wished to resolve all issues by negotiation.

The return of Prince Karim

The Prince was forced to return to the Khanate and negotiate for his demands peacefully. On July 8, 1948, when the news of the Prince's arrival reached Kalat, the Prime Minister and a Kalat State Force went to meet the Prince at Earboi to deliver the Khan's message. is the 189th day of the year (190th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Prince Karim's capture

With Afghan aid, Abdul Karim entered Balochistan and organized a rebellion against Pakistan in the Jalawan area. He received assistance from Mir Gohar Khan Zahrri, an influential tribal leader of the Zarkzai clan. Major General Akbar Khan, who was in charge of the Pakistani army's Seventh Regiment, was ordered to attack the insurgents and force them to surrender. Prince Karim and his 142 followers were arrested and imprisoned in the Mach and Quetta jails. Major General Mohammed Akbar Khan, also known as Akbar Khan, fought as the Brigadier Incharge in Kashmir on the Pakistan side in Indo-Pak war of 1948. ...   (Urdu: کوئٹہ) also spelled Kwatah city is a variation of kwatkot, a Pashto word meaning “fort,”. It is the largest city and provincial capital and district of Baluchistan Province, Pakistan. ...

A detailed and interesting statement comes from General Akbar Khan, in his article published in the daily Dawn, dated August 14, 1960, under the title "Early reminiscences of a soldier." In this article, General Akbar confirms that there was a plan to invade the Khanate and describes the clash between the Pakistani army and the liberation force headed by Prince Karim. Akbar claims that Jinnah had issued instructions that this news should not be published in the Pakistani press. is the 226th day of the year (227th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah of Pakistan Mohammad Ali Jinnah (referred to in Pakistan as Quaid-e-Azam, or Great Leader, which is a legally defined title) (December 25, 1876 - September 11, 1948) was an Indian Muslim nationalist, who led the movement demanding a separate homeland for Muslims in...

Trial and sentencing

After the arrest of the Prince and his party, the A.G.G. gave an order for an inquiry, to be conducted by Khan Sahib Abdullah Khan, the Additional District Ma­gistrate of Quetta. He submitted his report on September 12, 1948. His report was based on the Prince's activities and upon the letters and documents published by the liberation force. After the inquiry, R. K. Saker, the District Magistrate of Quetta, appointed a special Jirga (official council of elders) consisting of the following persons: is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

1. Khan Bahador Sahibzada, M.Ayub Khan Isakhel, Pakhtoon from Pishin;
2. K.B. Baz Mohd Khan. Jogezai, Pakhtoon from Loralai;
3. Abdul Ghaffar Khan Achakzai, Pakhtoon from Pishin;
4. S.B. Wadera Noor Muhammad Khan, a Baloch Chief from Kalat;
5. Syed Aurang Shah from Kalat;
6. Sheikh Baz Gul Khan. Pakhtoon from Zhob;
7. Wahab Khan Panezai, Pakhtoon from Sibi;
8. Sardar Doda Khan Marri, Baloch from Sibi.

This Jirga was instructed to study the circumstances and events which led to the revolt and was asked to give its recommendations to the District Magistrate. On November 10, 1948, the Jirga heard the testimony of the accused and gave its recommendations to the D.M. on November 17, 1948, suggesting the delivery of the Prince to Loralai at the pleasure of the Government of Pakistan and various other penalties. The D.M., in his order dated November 27, 1948, differed with the opinion of the Jirga and sentenced the Prince to ten years of rigorous imprisonment and a fine of 5000 rupees. Other members of his party were given various sentences and fines. Pishin, or Peshin is a district of Baluchistan with a town of the same name. ... Loralai is a town and district of Pakistan, in Baluchistan. ... Pishin, or Peshin is a district of Baluchistan with a town of the same name. ... State of Kalat or State of Qalat (Urdu: ریاست قلات) was a princely state located in the centre of the modern province of Balochistan. ... State of Kalat or State of Qalat (Urdu: ریاست قلات) was a princely state located in the centre of the modern province of Balochistan. ... Zhob is small city in Balochistan, Pakistan. ... Sibi is a district in the center of Balochistan province of Pakistan. ... Sibi is a district in the center of Balochistan province of Pakistan. ... A jirga (occasionally jirgah) is a tribal assembly which takes decisions by consensus. ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 17 November is also the name of a Marxist group in Greece, coinciding with the anniversary of the Athens Polytechnic uprising. ... Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Sentenced was a death/doom metal band formed in 1989, in the town of Muhos, Finland. ... This article is about the institution. ... The Rupee (₨ or Rs. ...

Second Baloch National Resistance of 1958

Nawab Nowroz or Nowroz Khan, commonly known by Balochs as Babu Nowroz, was the head of the Zarakzai tribes of Balochistan. Nowroz started an armed struggle against Pakistan, but later surrendered to Lt. Col. Tikka Khan (later General of the Pakistani army) when Nowroz came to the army for negotiations. He and his followers, including his sons and nephews, were taken to Hyderabad Jail, where they were all executed without a trial. Nawab Nowroz Khan was 84 at the time of his execution. Nawab Nauroz/Nowroz Khan, commonly known by Balochs as Babu Nowroz, was the head of the Zarakzai tribes of Balochistan. ... Tikka Khan (Urdu: ٹکا خان) (b. ...

Balochistan Rebellion of the 1970s

Main article: Baloch Insurgency and Rahimuddin's Stabilization

This rebellion constitutes an infamous period in Pakistani history, second only to the Civil War of 1971 and subsequent loss of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). The Baloch Insurgency, were a series of secessionist rebellions in Balochistan, the largest province of Pakistan, from 1973 to 1976. ... East Pakistan was a former province of Pakistan which existed between 1955 and 1971. ...

The National Awami Party, led by nationalists Ghaus Bux Bizenjo, Sardar Ataullah Mengal, Khair Bux Marri, Nawab Akbar Khan Bugti and Khan Wali Khan, dominated Balochistan and the NWFP. At the time, even the Jamiat i Ulema i Islam of Maulana Mufti Mahmud (father of Maulana Fazlur Rehman) thought it fit to join hands with the nationalists to espouse the provincial cause. Mir Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo (Urdu/Baloch: میرغوث بخش بزنجو ) was the Baloch politician in Balochistan, Pakistan. ... Sardar Ataullah Mengal Sardar Ataullah Mengal (a. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Nawab Akbar Khan Bugti Sardar Akbar Shahbaz Khan Bugti is the Tumandar (head) a section of the Bugti tribe, and leader armed resistance against the Pakistan Army & Government, operating in the Dera Bugti retion of Balochistan, Pakistan. ... Khan Abdul Wali Khan Khan Abdul Wali Khan (b. ... The North-West Frontier Province (NWFP)-(also known as, Subha Sarhad)- is the smallest of the four provinces of Pakistan and is home to the Pashtuns (Afghans) and various other groups. ...

Emboldened by the stand taken by Sheikh Mujib, the Baloch and Pashtun nationalists demanded their "provincial rights" from Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in exchange for a consentual approval of the 1973 constitution. But while Mr. Bhutto admitted the NWFP and Balochistan to a NAP-JUI coalition, he refused to negotiate with the provincial governments led by chief minister Ataullah Mengal in Quetta and Mufti Mahmud in Peshawar. Tensions erupted. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (Bangla: শেখ মুজিবর রহমান Shekh Mujibur Rôhman) (March 17, 1920 – August 15, 1975) was a Bengali political leader in East Pakistan and the founding leader of Bangladesh. ... Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (Urdu: , IPA: ; Sindhi: ذوالفقار علي ڀُٽو) (January 5, 1928 – April 4, 1979) was a Pakistani politician who served as the President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973 and as Prime Minister from 1973 to 1977. ... Sardar Ataullah Mengal Sardar Ataullah Mengal (a. ... Maulana Mufti Mahmud Maulana Mufti Mahmud (Urdu: مولانا مفتى محمود) was born in January 1919 in Paniala, District Dera Ismail Khan, NWFP, Pakistan. ...

Within six months, the federal government had sacked the two provincial governments, arrested the two chief ministers, two governors and forty-four MNAs and MPAs, obtained an order from the Supreme Court banning the NAP and charged everyone with high treason to be tried by a specially constituted Hyderabad Tribunal of handpicked judges. In time, a nationalist insurgency erupted and sucked the army into the province, pitting the Baloch tribal middle classes against Islamabad.

The 1970s revolt of the Baloch, which manifested itself in the form of an armed struggle against the Pakistani army in Balochistan, was provoked by federal impatience, high-handedness and undemocratic constitutional deviation. Mir Hazar Khan Marri led the Baluch liberation movement under an organization nicknamed BPLF, the Baluch People's Liberation Front. Marri and the BPLF were forced to move to Afghanistan, along with thousands of his supporters. Baluch fighters often fight today under related nicknames such as BLA, BLM, BLO, etc. Balochistan, or Ballsforchinstan, Balochi, Pashto, Urdu: بلوچستان) is a province in Pakistan, the largest in the country by geographical area. ... Baluch Peoples Liberation Front or BPLF was founded in the 1973 and supported by Iraq and Soviets. ... г For the Australian tree see Corymbia calophylla. ... Baluch Peoples Liberation Front or BPLF was founded in the 1973 and supported by Iraq and Soviets. ...

The modern Pakistani province of Baluchistan comprises a part of historical Balochistan. Another part is incorporated in the Sistan and Baluchistan province of Iran. The irony was that Nawab Akbar Khan Bugti served the federal government when Bhutto appointed him Governor of Balochistan throughout the time of the insurgency; during this time, Bugti spoke not a word in favor of Baloch rights or provincial autonomy. The greater irony was that the insurgency came to an end following the army coup of General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq against Mr. Bhutto's civilian government. Balochistan, or Ballsforchinstan, Balochi, Pashto, Urdu: بلوچستان) is a province in Pakistan, the largest in the country by geographical area. ... Sistān and Balūchestān is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. ... Nawab Akbar Khan Bugti Sardar Akbar Shahbaz Khan Bugti is the Tumandar (head) a section of the Bugti tribe, and leader armed resistance against the Pakistan Army & Government, operating in the Dera Bugti retion of Balochistan, Pakistan. ... Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (Urdu: , IPA: ; Sindhi: ذوالفقار علي ڀُٽو) (January 5, 1928 – April 4, 1979) was a Pakistani politician who served as the President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973 and as Prime Minister from 1973 to 1977. ... For other uses, see Governor (disambiguation). ... Balochistan, or Ballsforchinstan, Balochi, Pashto, Urdu: بلوچستان) is a province in Pakistan, the largest in the country by geographical area. ... The Baloch (Persian: بلوچ alternative transliterations Baluch, Balouch, Balooch, Balush, Balosh, Baloosh, Baloush et al. ... General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (Urdu: ) (b. ...

Soon thereafter, Gen. Zia unfolded plans to desensitize the alienated Baloch and Pashtun leadership by a multi-faceted strategy aimed at co-opting the leaders into office while providing jobs and funds from the federal government to the alienated, insecure tribal middle classes. More significantly, Zia created maximum political space for the mullah parties in the NWFP and Balochistan so that they could be galvanized in the jihad against the USSR in neighboring Afghanistan. For other uses, see Jihad (disambiguation). ...

Divided, fatigued and shorn of its ideological moorings or avowed enemies such as Bhutto, the Greater Balochistan movement melted into memory over the next two decades. Major ethnic groups in Pakistan and surrounding areas, in 1980. ...

Rahimuddin Khan's Reign

The uprising itself had suffered from a lack of direction. Some Baloch wanted independence, others only greater autonomy within Pakistan. Attacks were organised by individual Baloch chiefs, rather than an organised Baloch-wide attack. Also, the Baloch hoped to get the support of the USSR, which never happened. Also, the large Pashtun minority in Balochistan did not take part and were hostile to the idea of an independent Balochistan. Self-governance is an abstract concept that refers to several scales of organization. ...

Another Pathan who was hostile to the idea of an independent Balochistan was Rahimuddin Khan, a distinguished Lieutenant General at the time (later General). Soon after Zia's assuming power, Rahimuddin was appointed Martial Law Governor of Balochistan, a position that headed all affairs to do with the province, and thus was, for the Pakistani government, a phenomenally powerful post. Full General Rahimuddin Khan (Urdu: رحیم الدین خان) (born 21 July 1926) was the Governor of Balochistan, the largest province of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, for an unprecedented seven years (1978-1984), while simultaneously holding the military posts of Armoured Corps Commander as well as Martial Law Administrator of Balochistan, the latter... For other uses, see Martial law (disambiguation). ...

Rahimuddin's unprecedentedly long rule (1978-1984) crushed any armed uprisings within the province with an iron fist. His completely isolating Baloch Sardars from provincial policy was a move that, over time, gained increasing controversy, due to the unheard of nature of Rahimuddin's style of government. Past rulers had tried to appease the feudal lords; Rahimuddin went out of his way to isolate them from any position of provincial power. For the Wikipedia policy regarding controversial issues in articles, see Wikipedia:Guidelines for controversial articles. ...

This, in retrospect, ultimately led to the most stable period Balochistan has ever witnessed in its short history as a Pakistani province. Economic expansion was also impressive during Rahimuddin's reign.

Revival of the provincial rights struggle

Today, the single most critical macro factor is the social and electoral engineering initiated by the military regime of President Pervez Musharaf. By sidelining the mainstream PPP and PMLN parties and their natural progressive allies such as the ANP, BNP and others in favor of the mullahs of the Jamaat-e-Islami and Jamiat i Ulema i Islam, General Musharraf has alienated the old non-religious tribal leadership as well as the new secular urban middle classes of Balochistan, who see no economic or political space for themselves in the new military-mullah dispensation. General Pervez Musharraf (born August 11, 1943, Delhi, India) became de facto ruler (using the title Chief Executive and assuming extensive power) of [[the office of President of Pakistan (becoming Head of State) on June 20, 2001. ... The Awami National Party (ANP, Awami meaning People)) is a nationalist political party (leftist) in Pakistan. ... BNP may be: British National Party, a British nationalist political party British National Party (1960s), a British political party active in the 1960s Bahujana Nidahas Peramuna, a Sri Lankan political party Balochistan National Party, a political party in Pakistan Bandipur National Park, a national park in India Banff National... Jamaat-e-Islami (Arabic: جماعتِ اسلامی, Islamic Assembly Jamaat, JI) is an Islamic political movement founded in Lahore by Syed Abul Ala Maududi on 26 August 1941. ... General Pervez Musharraf (born August 11, 1943, Delhi, India) became de facto ruler (using the title Chief Executive and assuming extensive power) of [[the office of President of Pakistan (becoming Head of State) on June 20, 2001. ... Balochistan, or Ballsforchinstan, Balochi, Pashto, Urdu: بلوچستان) is a province in Pakistan, the largest in the country by geographical area. ...

Similarly, by sacrificing the cause of provincial autonomy at the altar of local and federal government, the military regime has threatened the very roots of constitutional consensus enshrined in the Baloch consciousness.

Balochistan remains a backwater province, infested by Taliban-type mullahs, corrupt and opportunist politicians and tribal chiefs, all beholden to the military regime in Islamabad.

The Baloch Liberation Army, composed of a few bandits under tribal and middle-class command, is conducting terrorist operations. Gwadar is an obvious target. Gwadar is located on the southwestern coast of Pakistan, close to the Strait of Hormuz in the Persian Gulf. ...

Military cantonments

The military cantonments planned for Gwadar, Dera Bugti and Kohlu (the capital of the Marri tribal lands) are viewed as outposts of repression and control, not development. In Balochistan, the corrupt Frontier Corps (which is almost exclusively made of Pashtuns) is thoroughly hated and despised as a federal instrument of oppression. With the mad mullahs rampaging in much of Balochistan and defying the writ of the government, the rise of incipient armed nationalism poses a grave challenge to the stability and security of Pakistan. A cantonment is a temporary or semi-permanent military quarters, typically in South India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. ... The Pashtuns (also Pushtun, Pakhtun, or ethnic Afghan; in referring to the period of the British Raj or earlier, sometimes Pathan) are an ethnic/religious group of people, living primarily in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India who follow Pashtunwali, their indigenous religion. ...

Army helicopters strafed and bombed a strip of land between Turbat and Gwadar in the Makran district, where Baloch insurgents who had earlier rocketed Gwadar were thought to be hiding. In retaliation, an army truck was ambushed in Khuzdar, leaving five soldiers dead. Later the puppet chief minister of the province, Jam Yusuf, narrowly escaped an assassination attempt. Makran is the southern region of Balochistan, in Iran and Pakistan along the coast of the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman. ... An insurgency is an armed rebellion against a constituted authority, by any irregular armed force that rises up against an enforced or established authority, government, or administration. ... // History Geography Climate Economy Civic administration Transport Utility services Demographics People and culture Media Education Sports External links Further reading References ...

The government retaliated by registering cases of murder against 12 people, including a former chief minister of the province, Sardar Akhtar Mengal, Sardar Ataullah Mengal (also a former chief minister who was sacked and arrested in his time), and the secretary general of the Balochistan Nationalist Party. The federal interior minister of Pakistan, Mr. Faisal Saleh Hayat, has warned the agitating Baloch tribesmen that the government is poised to launch a 'crash program' against 'subversive elements' in the province. Akhtar Mengal with his father Sardar Akhtar Mengal is a former Chief Minister of Pakistani province Balochistan who served in 1997. ... Sardar Ataullah Mengal Sardar Ataullah Mengal (a. ...

A hastily formed four-party Baloch alliance, led by the Bugti and Mengal groups in Quetta, has condemned the spate of arrests of Baloch nationalists in Turbat, Gwadar, Kalat, Dera Bugti, Kohlu and Nushki. They have been joined by the Pakistan Oppressed Nations Movement (PONM). This alliance accuses Islamabad of having launched an 'unannounced military operation' in Balochistan in which over 200 activists of various nationalist parties have been unjustly detained. Bugti (Urdu: بگٹی), is a Baloch tribe located in Balochistan, Pakistan. ... Mengal (Urdu: مینگل ) is a famous Baloch tribe. ...   (Urdu: کوئٹہ) also spelled Kwatah city is a variation of kwatkot, a Pashto word meaning “fort,”. It is the largest city and provincial capital and district of Baluchistan Province, Pakistan. ... Kech or Turbat district is in the south west of Balochistan province of Pakistan. ... Gwadar is located on the southwestern coast of Pakistan, close to the Strait of Hormuz in the Persian Gulf. ... Kalat (Urdu: قلات) is a district in Balochistan, Pakistan. ... Dera Bugti is small village type of city, and mostly bugti tribe people live their, and Akbar khan Bugti was the rular of that area, nobody can happened without his permission, he captured the lands of the Bugti people, and there wasnt any Government employ can do without his permission. ... Kohlu district is in the center of Balochistan province of Pakistan. ... Nushki in Balochi and Brahui it is known as Noshkay. ... The Pakistan Oppressed Nations Movement is an alliance of Nationalist Parties of Pakistan comprising of Sindh Taraqi Pasand Party, Sindhi Awami Tehreek, Baluchistan National Movement, Pakhtoonkhwa Milli Awami Party, Seraiki Movement. ... For other places called Islamabad, see Islamabad (disambiguation). ...

Old grievances

The factual accuracy of this section is disputed. Please see the relevant discussion on the talk page

The causes of grievances in Balochistan are twofold. On one side there are tribal leaders who want no development in the area; on the other side is the government, who is reluctant to go against tribal leaders. Natural gas development in the city of Sui has never benefited the people of Balochistan. Huge royalties are paid to Sardar of Sui, but the money fails to reach the area's poor; Gwadar is in the clutches of a land-grab mafia of Pakistan; the federal government earns billions from gas extracted from the province, but gives only a fraction back to Balochistan for development, and this fraction is largely improperly spent; the provincial autonomy promised in the 1973 constitution is nonexistent, etc. Image File history File links Emblem-important. ... Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... SUI can be the IOC country code or the FIFA country code for Switzerland SUI can be an acronym for sonic user interface (similar to GUI for graphical user interface). ... For other uses, see Sardar (disambiguation). ... SUI can be the IOC country code or the FIFA country code for Switzerland SUI can be an acronym for sonic user interface (similar to GUI for graphical user interface). ... This article is about the criminal society. ...

Balochistan remains a neglected backwater of Pakistan largely due to internal and external politics. Baloch internal politics have been factionalized by federal interference and meddling in the pursuit of dubious strategic regional interests. The province's drought-stricken pastoral economy cannot even provide for its small population. This state of affairs has lasted fifty-seven years. No federal government has ever thought of bringing development to Balochistan, and talk of tribal chiefs obstructing progress is being called nonsense by the Balochs. Government neglect has strengthened the ranks of the nationalists and increased their clout. Balochistan, or Ballsforchinstan, Balochi, Pashto, Urdu: بلوچستان) is a province in Pakistan, the largest in the country by geographical area. ... The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view. ...

The danger in Balochistan is twofold. The nascent but alienated middle class in the few towns of Balochistan is now rallying behind the nationalists and accepts the sardars spearheading PONM as genuine leaders. At the same time, the developmental lag in the province is sufficient to substantiate the anti-center stance of the PONM. That is why any military action in the province will completely lack local support. Locals may support military action if it is against the sardars who are eating their resources, but this is unlikely as the federal government does not want to create any more problems in Balochistan. Even the PONM is not representing all of Balochistan, as its ideology is very narrow and its leader rarely delivers.

The other destabilizing factor relates to the ongoing battle against the combined forces of the Taliban and Al Qaeda in the area. The Pashtuns in Balochistan also have serious problems with the federal government's policy on the Pakistani-Afghan frontier. This could be troublesome, since Pashtun nationalism has also been responsible for the internationally-reported presence of the Taliban in the province. The Taliban (Pashto: , also anglicized as Taleban) are a Sunni Muslim and ethnic Pashtun movement [2] that ruled most of Afghanistan from 1996 until 2001, when their leaders were removed from power by a cooperative military effort between the Northern Alliance, United States, Canada, Australia and the United Kingdom. ... Map of major attacks attributed to al-Qaeda Al-Qaeda (also al-Qaida or al-Qaida or al-Qaidah) (Arabic: ‎ , translation: The Base) is an international alliance of terrorist organizations founded in 1988[4] by Osama bin Laden and other veteran Afghan Arabs after the Soviet War in... The Pashtuns (also Pushtun, Pakhtun, or ethnic Afghan; in referring to the period of the British Raj or earlier, sometimes Pathan) are an ethnic/religious group of people, living primarily in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India who follow Pashtunwali, their indigenous religion. ...

Solutions

The problem of Balochistan is concurrent list of subjects enlisted in 1973 Constitution of Pakistan. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto used this list to show smaller provinces that he believed in provincial autonomy and these will be waived off after 10 years. If these subjects would have been given to provinces in 1973 there was no problem in Pakistan. The solution lies in waiving of this concurrent list and moderinizing Balochistan.

Recent development projects

Some development projects are underway in Balochistan, including the Gwadar deep sea port. Many Baloch claim that the port will bring an influx of people from nearby provnices such as North-West Frontier Province and Punjab, making the local population of Baloch into a minority.^{[citation needed]}. Even today the pashtuns are increasinly replacing baloch as the majoirty of the province. They also claim that the employment of the port will also go to these outsiders because of the lack of education in the province.^{[citation needed]} The Coastal Highway was also constructed on the coastline between Gwadar and Karachi, and has reduced traveling time considerably.^{[citation needed]} Making it much easier for a large populas to migrate there. Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... Gwadar is located on the southwestern coast of Pakistan, close to the Strait of Hormuz in the Persian Gulf. ... For the 1959 British film see Northwest Frontier The North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) (Urdu: shemaal maghribi sarhadi soobe شمال مغربی سرحدی صوبہ) is the smallest of the four main provinces of Pakistan. ... This article is about the Pakistani province. ... Coastal Highway is built in Sind and Balochistan provinces of Pakistan. ... Gwadar is located on the southwestern coast of Pakistan, close to the Strait of Hormuz in the Persian Gulf. ...   (Sindhi: , Urdu: ) is the largest city in Pakistan and is the provincial capital of Sindh province. ...

References

• "New light on the Paratarajas", Numismatic Chronicle, 2006. Pdf

See also

• Iraq support to Balochis
• Dad Shah
• Iran-Iraq War

Baluch-Land divided into three nations Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan. ... Commanders Mohammad Reza Pahlavi Daad Shah, Mir Abdi,Overlords and Tribal Leaders Strength Unknow Unknow Casualties Unknow Unknow Mir Dad Shah or Mir Daad Shah دادشاه was a farmer who lived in Nillag village of Iranian Balochistan in the fifties. ... Combatants  Iran Patriotic Union of Kurdistan Iraq Peoples Mujahedin of Iran Commanders Ruhollah Khomeini Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani Ali Shamkhani Mostafa Chamran â€  Saddam Hussein Ali Hassan al-Majid Strength 305,000 soldiers 500,000 Pasdaran and Basij militia 900 tanks 1,000 armored vehicles 3,000 artillery pieces 470 aircraft...

External links

• Balochistan District Maps,information and Background
• Mehrgarh (Balochistan)
• http://www.balochvoice.com
• http://governmentofbalochistan.blogspot.com/
• http://www.bso-na.org/
• http://www.balochistan.org.pk
• http://www.balochistan.org
• ISOWBA (Intelligence and Special Operations Wing of Balochistan Army
• Balochistan insurgency of 1973-1977
• Baloch ethnic group
• Baloch Origin
• Baloch Speakers By Region
• Terror strikes Iran: Baluchistan blowback?
• [http://www.balochmedia.net/