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This article should include material from Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Kiev Patriarchy, Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church, Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, and Patriarch Filaret (Mykhailo Denysenko).

Christianity in Ukraine dates to the earliest centuries of the apostolic church when, according to the legends, it was preached by St. Andrew in parts of the modern territory of Ukraine. The acceptance of Byzantine Christianity as a dominant religion in the area, as well as a state religion, was marked by 988 mass Baptism of Kiev by Vladimir I of Kiev, a ruler of Kievan Rus. After the great East-West Schism that soon followed, the territory of Kievan Rus remained with the Byzantine Patriarch's Eastern Orthodoxy. While most of the Christians in Ukraine were and still are Orthodox, since 1598 an Eastern Rite Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC), which claimed varying with time but always a significant membership in western Ukraine, is in full communion with the Catholic see. Still, Eastern Orthodoxy remained a traditional religion in Ukraine and at some points in history was inseparable from most Ukrainians' national self-identity. Image File history File links Padlock. ... Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Kiev Patriarchy (officially known as Ukrainian Orthodox Church Kyivan Patriarchate, Ukrainian Українська Православна Церква Київського Патрiархату) is an autocephalous Christian orthodox church in Ukraine. ... In 1921 a Sobor created the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC) in Kyiv and ordained Metropolitan Wasyl Lupkivskyj as head of the UAOC. THE UAOC was at that point independent of all other churches. ... The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC), also known as the Ukrainian Catholic Church, is one of the successor Churches to the acceptance of Christianity by Grand Prince Vladimir the Great (Ukrainian Volodymyr) of Kiev (Kyiv), in 988. ... Patriarch Filaret (Mykhailo Denysenko, officially, His Holiness, the Patriarch of Kyiv and All Rus’ - Ukraine Filaret, born 23 January 1929) is the head of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Kyiv Patriarchy (UOC-KP), one of two major orthodox churches in Ukraine, however viewed uncanonical by the Eastern Orthodox communion. ... Saint Andrew (Greek: Andreas, manly), the Christian Apostle, brother of Saint Peter, was born at Bethsaida on the Lake of Galilee. ... ... Christianity is a monotheistic religion centered on the life, teachings, and actions of Jesus, the Christ, as recounted in the New Testament. ... A state religion (also called an established church or state church) is a religious body or creed officially endorsed by the state. ... Events Vladimir I, Prince of Kiev marries Anna, sister of Byzantine emperor Basil II and converts to Christianity. ... Clandestine Christian communities existed in Kiev for decades before the official baptism. ... Detail of the Millennium of Russia monument in Novgorod (1862) representing St Vladimir and his family. ... Kievan Rus′ (Ки́евская Ру́сь, Kievskaya Rus in Russian; Київська Русь, Kyivs’ka Rus’ in Ukrainian) was the early, mostly East Slavic¹ state dominated by the city of Kiev (ru: Ки́ев, Kiev; uk: Ки́їв, Kyiv), from about 880 to the middle of the 12th century. ... Great Schism redirects here. ... Kievan Rus′ (Ки́евская Ру́сь, Kievskaya Rus in Russian; Київська Русь, Kyivs’ka Rus’ in Ukrainian) was the early, mostly East Slavic¹ state dominated by the city of Kiev (ru: Ки́ев, Kiev; uk: Ки́їв, Kyiv), from about 880 to the middle of the 12th century. ... The Patriarch of Constantinople is the Ecumenical Patriarch, the first among equals in the Eastern Orthodox Communion. ... ... Events January 7 - Boris Godunov seizes the throne of Russia following the death of his brother-in-law, Tsar Feodor I. April 13 - Edict of Nantes - Henry IV of France grants French Huguenots equal rights with Catholics. ... The term Eastern Rites may refer to the liturgical rites used by many ancient Christian Churches of Eastern Europe and the Middle East that, while being part of the Roman Catholic Church, are distinct from the Latin Rite or Western Church. ... The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC), also known as the Ukrainian Catholic Church, is one of the successor Churches to the acceptance of Christianity by Grand Prince Vladimir the Great (Ukrainian Volodymyr) of Kiev (Kyiv), in 988. ... Full communion is completeness of that relationship between Christian individuals and groups which is known as communion. ... The coat of arms of the Holy See The term Holy See (Latin: Sancta Sedes, lit. ...

The political jurisdiction of Orthodox churches in Ukraine changed several times in its history. Currently, three major Ukrainian Orthodox church bodies coexist, and often compete, in Ukraine: the Ukrainian Orthodox Church, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Kiev Patriarchy and the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church. Of them only the Ukrainian Orthodox Church, autonomous under the Patriarch of Moscow, has a canonical standing (legal recognition) within the worldwide Eastern Orthodox Church organization, and operates in communion with the other Eastern Orthodox Churches. However, since the differences within Ukrainian Orthodoxy are purely political rather than doctrinal, this situation may be resolved at some future point with a single Ukrainian Orthodox Church to unite the Orthodox Christians in the nation. The Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Ukrainian: ; Russian: ) is an autonomous church of Eastern Orthodoxy in Ukraine, under the Patriarch of Moscow. ... Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Kiev Patriarchy (officially known as Ukrainian Orthodox Church Kyivan Patriarchate, Ukrainian Українська Православна Церква Київського Патрiархату) is an autocephalous Christian orthodox church in Ukraine. ... In 1921 a Sobor created the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC) in Kyiv and ordained Metropolitan Wasyl Lupkivskyj as head of the UAOC. THE UAOC was at that point independent of all other churches. ... The Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Ukrainian: ; Russian: ) is an autonomous church of Eastern Orthodoxy in Ukraine, under the Patriarch of Moscow. ... Autonomy is the condition of something that does not depend on anything else. ... The following is a list of Russian Orthodox metropolitans and patriarchs of Moscow along with when they served: Metropolitans Maximus ( 1283- 1305) Peter ( 1308- 1326) Theognostus ( 1328- 1353) Alexius ( 1354- 1378) Cyprian ( 1381- 1382), ( 1390- 1406) Pimen ( 1382- 1384) Dionysius I ( 1384- 1385) Photius ( 1408- 1431) Isidore the Apostate ( 1437... Canonical is an adjective derived from canon. ... This article treats the manner in which the Eastern Orthodox Churches are organized, rather than the doctrines, traditions, practices, or other aspects of Eastern Orthodoxy. ... For a discussion of Holy Communion see the article on the Eucharist. ...

Holy icon of the Theotokos of Pochaiv, set in the golden diadem presented by Clement XIV.

The Protestantism, that had some notable presence in the territory of Ukraine since at least the sixteenth century, was preached for the following centuries mostly by the foreign visitors and settlers. While this situation changed somewhat in the recent decades, the Protestants in today's Ukraine remain a relatively small minority. Image File history File links Pochaevskaya. ... Image File history File links Pochaevskaya. ... Theotokos of Kazan Theotokos (Greek Θεοτόκος) is a title of Mary, the mother of Jesus. ... Pochayiv Lavra of the Assumption of the Theotokos has for centuries been the foremost spiritual and ideological centre of various Orthodox denominations in Western Ukraine. ... Pope Clement XIV Clement XIV, né Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli (SantArcangelo di Romagna, October 31, 1705 - Rome, September 22, 1774) was pope from 1769 to 1774. ... Protestantism is a movement within Christianity, representing the splitting away from the Roman Catholic Church during the mid-to-late Renaissance in Europe —a period known as the Protestant Reformation. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ...

Early history

St. Andrew is thought to have preached on the southern borders of Ukraine, along the Black Sea. Legend has is that he travelled up the Dnieper river and reached the future location of Kiev, where he erected a cross on the site where the Church of St. Andrew currently stands, and prophesied the foundation of a great Christian city. A representative from Crimea was present at the First Council of Nicaea (325). Around this time, these churches and the inland farther north came under the control of the Goths, some of whom were Christians. Map of the Black Sea. ... This article is about the river. ... The church of St Andrew in Kiev (1749-54) The baroque St. ... Crimea /kraɪˈmia/ is a peninsula and an autonomous republic of Ukraine on the northern coast of the Black Sea. ... The First Council of Nicaea, convoked by the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great in AD 325, was the first ecumenical conference of bishops of the Christian Church. ... Events May 20 - First Council of Nicaea - first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church: The Nicene Creed is formulated, the date of Easter is discussed. ... Invasion of the Goths: a late 19th century painting by O. Fritsche portrays the Goths as cavalrymen. ...

Baptism of Princess Olga by S. Kirillov.

Some of the Slavic population of Kiev and Western Ukraine under the rule of Great Moravia were Christians in the 9th century. Christianity was gradually spreading among the Rus' nobility with Princess Olga (St. Olga) being the first known ruler to have been baptized as Helen. Her baptism in 955 or 957 in Kiev or Constantinople (accounts differ) was a turning point in religious life of Rus' but it was left to her grandson, Vladimir the Great, to make Kievan Rus' a Christian state. Image File history File linksMetadata Baptizm_of_Olga_Kirillov. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Baptizm_of_Olga_Kirillov. ... Olga of Kiev Olga (Russian: Ольга also called Olga Prekrasa, or Olga the Beauty, Old Norse: Helga) (died July 11, 969 in Kiev) was a Pskov woman of Varangian extraction who married the future Igor of Kiev, arguably in 903. ... The Slavic peoples are defined by their linguistic attainment of the Slavic languages. ... Great Moravia (Old Church Slavonic approximately Велья Морава, Czech Velká Morava, Slovak Veľká Morava, Latin Magna Moravia) was a Slav state existing on the territory of present-day Moravia and Slovakia between 833 and the early 10th century. ... As a means of recording the passage of time the 9th century was that century that lasted from 801 to 900. ... The origins of the Rus (Rus , Русь) are controversial. ... Olga of Kiev Olga (Russian: Ольга also called Olga Prekrasa, or Olga the Beauty, Old Norse: Helga) (died July 11, 969 in Kiev) was a Pskov woman of Varangian extraction who married the future Igor of Kiev, arguably in 903. ... Events August 10 - Otto I the Great defeats Magyars in the Battle of Lechfeld Edwy becomes King of England. ... Events Births Deaths Categories: 957 ... Map of the the extent of Kievan Rus through the 11th century. ...

Christianity became dominant in the territory with the mass Baptism of Kiev in the Dnieper river in 988 by St. Vladimir. Following the Great Schism in 1054, the Kievan Rus' that incorporated most of modern Ukraine ended up on the Eastern Orthodox side of the divided Christian world. Clandestine Christian communities existed in Kiev for decades before the official baptism. ... The Dnieper River (also: Dnepr, Dniapro, or Dnipro) is a river (2,290 km length) which flows from Russia through Belarus and then Ukraine. ... Events Vladimir I, Prince of Kiev marries Anna, sister of Byzantine emperor Basil II and converts to Christianity. ... Detail of the Millenium of Russia monument in Novgorod (1862) representing St Vladimir and his family. ... Great Schism redirects here. ... Events Cardinal Humbertus, a representative of Pope Leo IX, and Michael Cerularius, Patriarch of Constantinople, decree each others excommunication. ... Map of the the extent of Kievan Rus through the 11th century. ... Eastern Orthodoxy (also called Greek Orthodoxy and Russian Orthodoxy) is a Christian tradition which represents the majority of Eastern Christianity. ...

Early on, the Orthodox Christian metropolitans had their seat in Pereyaslav, and later in Kiev. The people of Kiev lost their Metropolitan to Vladimir-Suzdal in 1299, but regained a Ukrainian Metropolitan in Halych in 1303. The religious affairs were also ruled in part by a Metropolitan in Navahradak, (present-day Belarus). In hierarchical Christian churches, the rank of metropolitan, pertains to the bishop of a metropolis; that is, the chief city of an old Roman province, ecclesiastical province, or regional capital. ... Pereyaslav is the former name of towns in Ukraine and Russia: Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi in Ukraine. ... Vladimir-Suzdal Principality, Vladimir-Suzdal Rus (Владимирско-Суздальская Русь), or Vladimir-Suzdal Grand Duchy (Влади́миро-Су́здальское кня́жество) was one of major principalities within the Kievan Rus and after its collapse. ... Events Osman I declares the independence of the Ottoman Principality The County of Holland is annexed by the County of Hainaut April 1, 1299 Kings Towne on the River Hull granted city status by Royal Charter of King Edward I of England. ... Jackdaw on the coat-of-arms of Galicia alludes to the name of Halych Halych (Russian and Ukrainian: ) is a historic town in Western Ukraine on the Dniester River. ... // Events On the 20 April, Pope Boniface VIII founds the University of Rome La Sapienza Edward I of England reconquers Scotland (see also: William Wallace, Wars of Scottish Independence) The Khilji Dynasty conquers Chittor Births Saint Birgitta, Swedish saint (died 1373) Gegeen Khan, Mongol emperor of China (died 1323) Deaths... Navahradak (Нава́градак in Belarusian; Russian: Novogrudok; Polish: Nowogródek; Lithuanian: Naugardukas) is a city in western Belarus. ...

After the Breakup of the Kievan Rus

In the 1400s, the primacy over the Ukrainian church was restored to Kiev, under the title "Metropolitan of Kiev and Halicia". One clause of the Union of Krevo stipulated that Jagiello would disseminate Roman Catholicism among Orthodox subjects of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, of which Ukraine was a part. The opposition from the Ostrogskis and other Orthodox magnates led to this policy being suspended in the early 16th century. Events and Trends Categories: 1400s ... The Union of Krewo (or Union of Krevo) was a a political and dynastic agreement between Queen Jadwiga of Poland and Grand Prince Jagiello of Lithuania and the begining of the Polish-Lithuanian Union. ... The Jagiellons were a royal dynasty which reigned in some Central European countries between the 14th and 16th century. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... The presumable banner of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the coat of arms, called Пагоня in Belarusian, Vytis in Lithuanian and Pogoń in Polish Another version of the Lithuanian banner The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė, Belarusian: Вялі́кае Кня́ства Літо́ўскае (ВКЛ), Ukrainian: Велике Князівство Литовське (ВКЛ), Polish: Wielkie Księstwo Litewskie) was an...

Following the Union of Lublin, the polonization of the Ukrainian church was accelerated. Unlike the Roman Catholic church, the Orthodox church in Ukraine was liable to various taxes and legal obligations. The building of new Orthodox churches was strongly discouraged. The Roman Catholics were strictly forbidden to convert to Orthodoxy, and the marriages between Catholics and Orthodox were frowned upon. Orthodox subjects had been increasingly barred from high offices of state. The Union of Lublin, painted by Jan Matejko The Union of Lublin (Lithuanian: Liublino unija; Belarusian: Лю́блінская ву́нія; Polish: Unia lubelska) - signed on July 1, 1569 in Lublin, united the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into a single state, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, with the official... Polonization (Polish: ) is the assumption (complete or partial), of the Polish language or another real or supposed Polish attribute. ...

Union of Brest and its aftermath

In order to oppose such restrictions and to reverse cultural polonization of Orthodox bishops, the Ecumenical Patriarch encouraged the activity of the Orthodox urban communities, or bratstva. In 1589 Hedeon Balaban, the bishop of Lvov, asked the Pope to take him under his protection, because he was exasperated by the struggle with urban communities and the Ecumenical Patriarch. He was followed by the bishops of Lutsk, Chelm, and Turov in 1590. In the following years, the bishops of Volodymyr-Volynskyy and Przemysl and the Metropolitan of Kiev announced their secession from the Ecumenical Patriarchate. In 1595 some of the renegades arrived to Rome and asked the Pope to take them under his jurisdiction. The Patriarch of Constantinople is the Ecumenical Patriarch, the first among equals in the Eastern Orthodox Communion. ... Events Rebellion of the Catholic League against King Henry III of France, in revenge for his murder of Duke Henry of Guise. ... Lviv ( Львів in Ukrainian; Львов, Lvov in Russian; Lwów in Polish; Leopolis in Latin; Lemberg in German—see also cities alternative names) is a city in western Ukraine with 830,000 inhabitants (an additional 200,000 commute daily from suburbs). ... Lutsk (Луцьк in Ukrainian, Луцк in Russian) is the capital of the Volyn Oblast, Ukraine. ... Chełm is a town in eastern Poland with 68,595 inhabitants (2004). ... Turaw (Belarusian Ту́раў, Russian Ту́ров, Polish Turów, also transliterated as Turov) is a town in Zhytkavichy district of Homel voblast of Belarus. ... Events March 14 - Battle of Ivry - Henry IV of France again defeats the forces of the Catholic League under the Duc de Mayenne. ... Volodymyr-Volynskyi or Volodymyr-Volynsky (Ukrainian: Володимир-Волинський, Volodymyr-Volynskyi; Polish: WÅ‚odzimierz WoÅ‚yÅ„ski, Russian: Vladimir Volynski) is a city in Volyn Oblast, northwestern Ukraine, with a population of 38,000 (2004). ... Places PrzemyÅ›l – a city in SE Poland, probably established by an unknown duke called PrzemysÅ‚ PrzemyÅ›l Voivodship – a Polish province from 1975 to 1998 People PrzemysÅ‚, PrzemysÅ‚aw, PÅ™emysl or Przemko is a common Slavic name. ... A monument to St. ... Events January 30 - William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet is performed for the first time. ... City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus – SPQR (The Senate and the People of Rome) Founded 21 April 753 BC mythical, 1st millennium BC Region Latium Mayor Walter Veltroni (Left-Wing Democrats) Area  - City Proper  1285 km² Population  - City (2004)  - Metropolitan  - Density (city proper) 2,553,873 almost 4,300,000 1. ...

In the Union of Brest of 1596, a part of the Ukrainian Church was accepted under the jurisdiction of the Roman Pope, becoming a Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC). While the new church gained many faithful among the Ukrainians in Galicia and Volhynia, the majority of Ukrainians in the rest of the land remained within Eastern Orthodoxy with the church affairs ruled by then from Kiev under the metropolitan Petro Mohyla. The eastward spread of the Union of Brest led to violent clashes, e.g., assassination of the Uniate archbishop Kuncewicz by the Orthodox mob in Polotsk in 1623. Union of Brest (Belarusian: Берасьце́йская ву́нія) refers to the 1595-1596 decision of the (Ruthenian) Church of Rus, the Metropolia of Kiev-Halych and all Rus, to break relations with the Patriarch of Constantinople and place themselves under the (patriarch) Pope of Rome. ... Events February 5 - 26 catholics crucified in Nagasaki, Japan. ... The Pope is the Catholic Bishop and patriarch of Rome, and head of the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches. ... The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC), also known as the Ukrainian Catholic Church, is one of the successor Churches to the acceptance of Christianity by Grand Prince Vladimir the Great (Ukrainian Volodymyr) of Kiev (Kyiv), in 988. ... It has been suggested that Galicia and Ludomaria be merged into this article or section. ... This article contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ... ... Peter Mogila Peter Mogila (Ukrainian: Петро Могила, Petro Mohyla; Romanian: Petru Movilă; Russian: Pyotr Mogila; December 21 1596 â€“ December 22, 1646) was a Metropolitan of Kiev and Galicia from 1633 until his death. ... Polatsk (Belarusian: По́лацак, По́лацк; Polish: Połock, also spelt as Polacak; Russian: По́лоцк, also transliterated as Polotsk, Polotzk, Polock) is the most historic city in Belarus, situated on the Dvina river. ... Events August 6 - Pope Urban VIII is elected to the Papacy. ...

Khmelnytskyi Uprising

Main article: Khmelnytskyi Uprising

The unpopularity of the unia was particulary strong in the southern steppes where Cossacks lived. Most of them valuing their traditions saw the unia as an attempt to bring them into Poland, and on the contrary became more attached to the Orthodox Church. Eventually this tension boiled into a massive Cossack uprising which targeted amongst many others Catholic and Uniate clergy. Also prominant became the metropolitan Petro Mohyla who did much to restore the Orthodox domination of Ukraine, including taking off them the Cathedral of Saint Sophia. Combatants Cossacks Poland-Lithuania Commanders Bohdan Khmelnytsky Mikołaj Potocki, Jeremi Wiśniowiecki Khmelnytskyi Uprising (also Chmielnicki Uprising or Chmielnicki Rebellion) is the name of a civil war in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the years 1648–1654. ...

Transfer of church to Moscow Patriarch and its aftermath

Main article: Russian Orthodox Church

In 1686, 40 years after Mohyla's death, the Orthodox Church of Kiev and all Rus' was transferred from the jurisdiction of the Patriarch of Constantinople to the Patriarchate of Moscow, established a century prior to that. This led to the Ukrainian domination of the Russian Orthodox Church, which continued well into the 18th century, Feofan Prokopovich and Demetrius of Rostov being among the most notable representatives of this trend. The Russian Orthodox Church (also known as the Orthodox Catholic Church of Russia) (Русская Православная церковь) is that body of Christians who are united under the Patriarch of Moscow, who in turn is in communion with the other patriarchs and primates of the Eastern Orthodox Church. ... Events The League of Augsburg is founded. ... The Patriarch of Constantinople is the Ecumenical Patriarch, ranking as the first among equals in the Eastern Orthodox communion. ... The following is a list of Russian Orthodox metropolitans and patriarchs of Moscow along with when they served: Metropolitans Maximus (1283_1305) Peter (1308_1326) Theognostus (1328_1353) Alexius (1354_1378) Cyprian (1381_1382), (1390_1406) Pimen (1382_1384) Dionysius I (1384_1385) Photius (1408_1431) Isidore the Apostate (1437_1441) Jonas (1448_1461) Theodosius (1461_1464) Philip I (1464_1473) Gerontius (1473_1489... The Russian Orthodox Church (also known as the Orthodox Catholic Church of Russia) (Русская Православная церковь) is that body of Christians who are united under the Patriarch of Moscow, who in turn is in communion with the other patriarchs and primates of the Eastern Orthodox Church. ... Feofan/Theophan Prokopovich (1681-1736) was a Ukrainian archbishop and statesman, who elaborated and implemented Peter the Greats reform of the Russian Orthodox Church. ... Saint Demetrius of Rostov was a leading opponent of the Caesaropapist reform of the Russian Orthodox church promoted by Feofan Prokopovich. ...

Twentieth Century

The interwar period

After the Russian Revolution and the Russian Civil War the Bolshevik authorities initially tolerated and even encouraged Ukrainian nationalism following their victory in Ukraine. In 1921 a Sobor announced a new Autocephaly, and created the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC) in Kiev with Metropolitan Wasyl Lypkivskyj ordained as a head of the UAOC. In the wake of the break up of the Russian Empire, Russian Orthodox church was seen as counterrevolutionary and pro-White by the Communists, and a Ukrainian Autonomous Orthodox Church was founded with their encouragement in order to reduce the influence of patriarch Tikhon of Moscow whose position towards the revolution was strongly critical. The Soviet government later changed its religious policy and started to persecute UAOC along with the Russian Orthodox church. In any case on the eve of the Second World War only 3% of the pre-revolutionary parishes on the territory of Ukraine remained open to the public, often hidden in deep rural areas. The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a series of political events in Russia, which, after the elimination of the Russian autocracy system, and the Provisional Government (Duma), resulted in the establishment of the Soviet power under the control of the Bolshevik party. ... The Russian Civil War was fought from 1918 to 1922. ... Leaders of the Bolshevik Party and the Communist International, a painting by Malcolm McAllister on the Pathfinder Mural in New York City and on the cover of the book Lenin’s Final Fight published by Pathfinder. ... 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... A sobor is a council of bishops and other clerical and lay representatives representing the church in matters of importance. ... In hierarchical Christian churches, especially Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches, autocephaly is the status of a hierarchical church whose head bishop does not report to any higher-ranking bishop. ... In 1921 a Sobor created the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC) in Kyiv and ordained Metropolitan Wasyl Lupkivskyj as head of the UAOC. THE UAOC was at that point independent of all other churches. ... Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of Russian history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start... Saint Tikhon of Moscow (January 19, 1865 – 7 April 1925), born Vasily Ivanovich Belavin (Василий Иванович Белавин in Russian), was the Patriarch and all Russias of the Russian Orthodox Church during the early years of the Soviet Union, 1917 through 1925. ... State motto (Russian): Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) (Translated: Workers of the world, unite!) Capital Moscow Official language None; Russian (de facto) Government Federation of Socialist republics Area  - Total  - % water 1st before collapse 22,402,200 km² Approx. ...

Second World War

In September 1939 the Red Army walked across Polish borders and annexed the territory into Soviet Ukraine. During the Polish Rule, the Orthodox people in Eastern Poland was faced with quite a strong repression and discrimination. Particulary in ethnical Ukrainian territory of Volhynia. Despite that the Orthodox church of this rural region still outnumbered the rest of the Ukrainian SSR by nearly a thousand Churches and Clergy as well as many cloisters including the Pochayiv Lavra. Since the Ukrainians were in large, discontent with Polish rule most of the Orthodox clergy actually welcomed the Red Army. Also intersting is that during that brief time nearly a million Orthodox pilgrims, out of fear of persecution and that these western parishes would share the fate of others in the USSR, took this chance to visit them. However although the Soviet authorities did confiscate some of the property it was minute compared to the repressions of the post-revolutionary period and no executions or destruction of property took place. Pochayiv Lavra of the Assumption of the Theotokos has for centuries been the foremost spiritual and ideological centre of various Orthodox denominations in Western Ukraine. ...

On October 8, 1942 Archbishop Nikanor and Bishop Mstyslav (later a Patriarch) of the UAOC and Metropolitan Oleksiy (Hromadsky) of the Ukrainian Autonomous Orthodox Church concluded an Act of Union, uniting the two national churches at the Pochaev Lavra. Later German occupation authorities and pro-Russian hierarchs of the Autonomous Church convinced Metropolitan Oleksiy to remove his signature. Metropolitan Oleksiy was murdered in Volhynia on May 7, 1943 by the nationalists of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army which saw this as treason. October 8 is the 281st day of the year (282nd in leap years). ... This article is about the year. ... Originally a patriarch was a man who exercised autocratic authority as a pater familias over an extended family. ... Act of Union can mean: United Kingdom The Act of Union is a name given to several acts passed by the English, Scottish and British Parliaments from 1536 onwards. ... Pochayiv Lavra of the Assumption of the Theotokos has for centuries been the foremost spiritual and ideological centre of various Orthodox denominations in Western Ukraine. ... This article contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ... May 7 is the 127th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (128th in leap years). ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) is a common year starting on Friday. ... UPA propaganda poster The Ukrainian Insurgent Army (Ukrainian: ) was a Ukrainian guerrilla army formed on October 14, 1942, in Volhynia. ...

Post War Situations

The Russian Orthodox Church regained its general monopoly in the Ukrainian SSR after World War II following another shift in the official Soviet attitude towards Christian churches. As a result many started to accuse it of being a puppet of the Communist Party. After the suspicious death of Patriarch Tikhon, the UAOC and UGCC sought to avoid the transfer under the Moscow Patriarchy; something that Moscow tolerated until after World War II. At the state organized 1948 synod in Lviv (Lvov), some UGCC clergy were coerced into proclaiming the annulment of the 1596 Union of Brest thereby breaking the canonical ties with Rome and transferring under the Moscow Patriarchy. This move's acceptance was mixed. With many clergy members and lay believers turning to ROC, some adamantly refused. As a result of this the Patriarchate of Moscow could now legally lay claim to any Orthodox church property that was within the territory of its uncontested jurisdiction, which it did. Some believers refused to accept liquidation of their churches and for nearly 40 years the UAOC and UGCC existed in Western Ukraine underground lead by the clergy members under the threat of prosecution by the Soviet state. Much of the UGCC and UAOC clergy not willing to serve in ROC emigrated to Germany, the United States, or Canada State motto: Пролетарі всіх країн, єднайтеся! Official language None. ... Combatants Allies: • Soviet Union, • UK & Commonwealth, • USA, • France/Free France, • China, • Poland, • ...and others Axis: • Germany, • Japan, • Italy, • ...and others Casualties Military dead: 18 million Civilian dead: 33 million Full list Military dead: 7 million Civilian dead: 4 million Full list World War II, also known as the Second World... A puppet is any controlled character, whether formed by a shadow, strings, by the use of a glove, by direct mechanical contrivance (for example a cable-controlled figure for film or TV) or electronic guidance (such as a radio or infrared remote controller). ... In modern usage, a communist party is a political party which promotes communism, the sociopolitical philosophy based on Marxism. ... 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ... Lviv (Ukrainian: Львів, L’viv ; Polish: Lwów; Russian: Львов, Lvov; German: Lemberg; Yiddish: לעמבערג; Latin: Leopolis; see also Cities alternative names) is a city in western Ukraine, the capital city of the Lviv Oblast (province) and one of the main cultural centres of Ukraine. ... Events February 5 - 26 catholics crucified in Nagasaki, Japan. ... Union of Brest (Belarusian: Берасьце́йская ву́нія) refers to the 1595-1596 decision of the (Ruthenian) Church of Rus, the Metropolia of Kiev-Halych and all Rus, to break relations with the Patriarch of Constantinople and place themselves under the (patriarch) Pope of Rome. ... The coat of arms of the Holy See The term Holy See (Latin: Sancta Sedes, lit. ...

The warm post-war attitude towards the Orthodox Church came to an end with Nikita Khruschev's "Thaw" programme, which included closing the recently opened Kiev's Caves Lavra. However in the west-Ukrainian dioceses, which were the largest in the USSR, the Soviet attitude was "softest". In fact in the western city of Lviv (Lvov), only one church was closed. The Moscow patriarchy also relaxed its canons on the clergy, especially those from the former-uniate territories, allowing them, for example to shave beards (a very uncommon Orthodox practice) and conduct liturgy in Ukrainian instead of Slavonic. Nikita Khrushchev in 1962 Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (Russian: Ники́та Серге́евич Хрущёв) (nih-KEE-tah khroo-SHCHYOFF) (April 17, 1894 – September 11, 1971) was the leader of the Soviet Union after the death of Joseph Stalin. ...

Late Soviet period

In 1988 with the millennium anniversary of the baptism of Rus, there was yet another shift in the Soviet attitude towards religion, coinciding with the Perestroika and Glasnost programmes, the USSR apologized for all repressions towards religion and promised to return all property to the rightful owners. Although what began as a peaceful return of many closed church buildings (of course to the then ROC's Ukrainian Exarchate) in the central, eastern and southern Ukraine (as well as in other parts of the USSR), in the former-uniate areas of western Ukraine it was a different story. As UGCC survived in diaspora and in the underground they took their chance and were immediately revived in Ukraine, where in the wake of general liberalization of the Soviet policies in the late-1980s which also prompted the activization of Ukrainian national political movement. The Russian church became viewed by some as an attribute of Soviet occupation, and bitter, often violent clashes over church buildings followed with the ROC slowly losing its parishes to the UGCC.

The UAOC also did not wait long and quickly followed suit. Sometimes possessors of Church buildings changes several times within days. All Soviet attempts to pacify the almost-warring church parties were unsuccessful, especially after the UGCC's demand that all property that was held prior to 1939 would be returned (even though some it was Orthodox before the Unia came).

It is now believed that the only real event which enabled to contain the schism in the former-uniate territory was the ROC's reaction of raising its Ukrainian Exarchate to the status of an autonomous church, which took place in 1990, and up until the break up of the USSR (late 1991) there was an uneasy peace in western Ukraine. However after the nation became independent, the question of an independent and autocephalous Orthodox Church arose once again and another schism was approaching. Autonomy is the condition of something that does not depend on anything else. ...

Post-Soviet period

What historians now see as the reason for the following events was the decision of the head of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church Metropolitan of Kiev and all Ukraine Filaret to achieve total autocephalocy of his metropolitan see with or without the approval of the motherchurch required by the canon law. These events followed Filaret's own unsuccesful attempt to gain a seat of the Moscow Patriarch to himself (1990) and the Ukrainian independence following the collapse of the Soviet Union (August, 1991). To achieve that, with active support of the then president Leonid Kravchuk, he covertely organised a communion with the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church in case Moscow refused. In hierarchical Christian churches, the rank of metropolitan bishop, or simply metropolitan, pertains to the bishop of a metropolis; that is, the chief city of an old Roman province, ecclesiastical province, or regional capital. ... A motherchurch or mother church in Christianity is used in three forms. ... In Western culture, canon law is the law of the Roman Catholic and Anglican churches. ... The following is a list of Russian Orthodox metropolitans of Moscow and Patriarchs of Moscow and all Russia along with when they served: // Metropolitans Maximus (1283-1305) Peter (1308-1326) Theognostus (1328-1353) Alexius (1354-1378) Cyprian (1381-1382), (1390-1406) Pimen (1382-1384) Dionysius I (1384-1385) Photius (1408... The rise of Gorbachev Although reform stalled between 1964–1982, the generational shift gave new momentum for reform. ...

The skeptical hierarchy of the Russian Orthodox Church called for a full council where this issue would have been discussed, upon arrival most of the clergy of the UOC who initially supported Filaret, openely criticised this move and immediately the votes turned against him. In the end the council voted for Filaret to retire from his position which was confirmed by a swore. U

pon returning to Kiev however Filaret carried out his reserve option, and Police aided by nationalist Paramilitaries supported him in retaining his rank. The UOC synod was quick to respond and in the eastern city of Kharkov elected a new leader, the Metropolitan Vladimir (Slobodan). From there most of the fate of control of church buildings was decided by the church parishes, but when most refused to follow Filaret, paramilitaries, especially in Volyn and Rivne Oblasts where there was strong nationalist sympathy amongst the new regional authorities, carried out raids bringing property under their control. Volyn Oblast (Волинська область, Volyns’ka oblast’) is the most north-western oblast (province) of Ukraine, bordering Belarus to the north and Poland to the west. ... Rivne Oblast (Рівненська область, Rivnens’ka oblast’ or Рівненщина, Rivnenshchyna in Ukrainian; Rowno in Polish) is an oblast (province) of Ukraine. ...

Modern Times

• The Ukrainian Orthodox Church (UOC-MP) under the Patriarch of Moscow of the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC). Since 1990 the UOC-MP operates as an autonomous church (one step short of full autocephaly). The Metropolitan Volodymyr (Viktor Sabodan) is enthroned since 1992 as the head of the UOC-MP under the title Metropolitan of Kiev and all Ukraine.

• The Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Kiev Patriarchy (UOC-KP) created in 1991, currently with unrecognized canonical standing among other Eastern Orthodox churches. Since 1995 UOC-KP is headed by Patriarch Filaret (Mykhailo Denysenko) who until 1991 was a Metropolitan of Kiev and All Ukraine under the ROC, which defrocked him in 1992 and excommunicated in 1997 "for schismatic activities".

• The Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC), which re-established itself in Ukraine after independence from the Soviet Union, having survived in the diaspora after Soviet government suppression following its birth during the brief period in the aftermath of Bolshevik Revolution when Communists tolerated and at times even encouraged Ukrainian nationalism in the 1920s.

• The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, re-established in independent Ukraine following the dissolution of the Soviet Union where its ban was actively supported by ROC. Since 2001 UGCC is headed by Major Archbishop and Cardinal Lubomyr Husar.

• Additionally, a Roman Catholic church and various protestant churches currently hold a very small but growing membership in Ukraine.

The current divided and fluid situation traces its roots to the close connection between Orthodox church and the state in Tsarist Russia after the transfer of the Kiev Metropolitan see from the Patriarch of Constantinople to the Patriarch of Moscow in 1686. Some clerics and church historians, particularly in Ukraine, do not consider this transfer legitimate and claim it was attempted via the ecclesiastic crime of bribery by the Russian Church, then only recently elevated to patriarchal status, but eventually accepted under pressure from the Turkish Sultan. This development, they claim, resulted in a forced policy of Russification of Ukrainian Christianity. Gradually Russophile Orthodox clergy during the 18th and 19th centuries became dominant in Ukraine. Despite the fact that the transfer was and still is occasionally questioned in Ukraine, it gained a de-facto recognition and acceptance in the Eastern Orthodox communion by 300+ years of Ukrainian Orthodoxy remaining in the see of the Patriarch of Moscow. The Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Ukrainian: ; Russian: ) is an autonomous church of Eastern Orthodoxy in Ukraine, under the jurisdiction of the Patriarch of Moscow of the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC). ... The following is a list of Russian Orthodox metropolitans and patriarchs of Moscow along with when they served: Metropolitans Maximus ( 1283- 1305) Peter ( 1308- 1326) Theognostus ( 1328- 1353) Alexius ( 1354- 1378) Cyprian ( 1381- 1382), ( 1390- 1406) Pimen ( 1382- 1384) Dionysius I ( 1384- 1385) Photius ( 1408- 1431) Isidore the Apostate ( 1437... The Russian Orthodox Church (also known as the Orthodox Catholic Church of Russia) (Русская Православная церковь) is that body of Christians who are united under the Patriarch of Moscow, who in turn is in communion with the other patriarchs and primates of the Eastern Orthodox Church. ... Autonomy is the condition of something that does not depend on anything else. ... In hierarchical Christian churches, especially Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches, autocephaly is the status of a hierarchical church whose head bishop does not report to any higher-ranking bishop. ... Metropolitan Volodymyr Metropolitan Volodymyr or Vladimir (Viktor Sabodan, officially His Beatitude Vladimir Metropolitan of Kiev and All Ukraine) is the head of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Moscow Patriarchy (UOK-MP) currently the only Ukrainian church to have canonical standing (legal recognition) in Eastern Orthodoxy world-wide. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Kiev Patriarchy (officially known as Ukrainian Orthodox Church Kyivan Patriarchate, Ukrainian Українська Православна Церква Київського Патрiархату) is an autocephalous Christian orthodox church in Ukraine. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1995 (MCMXCV in Roman) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Patriarch Filaret (Mykhailo Denysenko, officially, His Holiness, the Patriarch of Kyiv and All Rus’ - Ukraine Filaret, born 23 January 1929) is the head of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Kyiv Patriarchy (UOC-KP), one of two major orthodox churches in Ukraine, however viewed uncanonical by the Eastern Orthodox communion. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... To defrock a priest is to deprive him of the right to exercise the functions of the priestly office. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... Excommunication is religious censure which is used to deprive or suspend membership in a religious community. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII in Roman) is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... In 1921 a Sobor created the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC) in Kyiv and ordained Metropolitan Wasyl Lupkivskyj as head of the UAOC. THE UAOC was at that point independent of all other churches. ... The October Revolution, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was the second phase of the Russian Revolution, the first having been instigated by the events around the February Revolution. ... The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC), also known as the Ukrainian Catholic Church, is one of the successor Churches to the acceptance of Christianity by Grand Prince Vladimir the Great (Ukrainian Volodymyr) of Kiev (Kyiv), in 988. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... In the Roman Catholic Church, a major archbishop is an Eastern Rite hierarch who has the same jurisdiction in his sui juris particular church that an Eastern rite patriarch does, but whose episcopal see is less prestigious than a patriarchal see. ... A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official in the Roman Catholic Church, ranking just below the Pope and appointed by him as a member of the College of Cardinals during a consistory. ... His Eminence Lubomyr Cardinal Husar (born 26 February 1933) is a Cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church, Major Archbishop of Lviv of the Ukrainians, and is the primate of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, the second largest church of the Catholic Communion. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... Росси́йская Импе́рия, (also Imperial Russia) covers the period of Russian history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great into the Russian Empire stretching from the Baltic to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposition of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start of the Russian Revolution... A see (from the Latin word sedem, meaning seat) is the throne (cathedra) of a bishop. ... Events The League of Augsburg is founded. ... Bribery is a crime defined by Blacks Law Dictionary as the offering, giving, receiving, or soliciting of any item of value to influence the actions as an official or other person in discharge of a public or legal duty. ... A sultan (Arabic: سلطان) is an Islamic title, with several historical meanings. ... Russification is an adoption of the Russian language or some other Russian attribute (whether voluntarily or not) by non-Russian communities. ...

The UOC-MP, which operates in communion with the other Eastern Orthodox churches still owns the majority of Orthodox church buildings in Ukraine and is predominant in eastern and southern Ukraine. The UGCC and the UAOC, on the other hand, have most of their communities in the western provinces (oblasts} of Lviv, Ternopil and Ivano-Frankivsk. The UOC-KP has its communities scattered across Ukraine, though only in western areas do they outnumber those of the UOC-MP. The UOC-KP and especially the UAOC and UGCC have strong support in the Ukrainian diaspora. Full communion is completeness of that relationship between Christian individuals and groups which is known as communion. ... Oblast (Czech: oblast, Slovak: oblasť, Russian and Ukrainian: , Belarusian: , Bulgarian: о́бласт) refers to a subnational entity in some countries. ... Lviv Oblast is an oblast of western Ukraine, created on December 4, 1939. ... Ternopil Oblast (Тернопільська область, Ternopil’s’ka oblast’ or Тернопільщина, Ternopil’shchyna in Ukrainian) is an oblast (province) of Ukraine. ... Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (Івано-Франківська область, Ivano-Frankivs’ka oblast’ or Івано-Франківщина, Ivano-Frankivshchyna in Ukrainian) is an oblast of Ukraine. ... The term Ukrainian diaspora refers to the global community of ethnic Ukrainians, usually more specifically those who maintain some kind of connection, even if ephemeral, to the land of their ancestors and maintain their feeling of Ukrainian national identity within local community. ...

Diaspora churches

Ukrainian churches beyond the boundaries of Ukraine have been important because of state control and suppression of religious practices in the Soviet Union.

See also:

• Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada
• Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the USA

The Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada (UOCC) is an Eastern Orthodox Church in Canada, primarily serving Ukrainian Canadians. ...

Protestantism in Ukraine

In the 16th century small groups of Anabaptists appeared in Volodymyr-Volynskyi, but the influence of the Reformation in Ukraine remained marginal until the three centuries later. Anabaptists (re-baptizers, from Greek ana and baptizo; in German: Wiedertäufer) are Christians of the so-called radical wing of the Protestant Reformation. ... Volodymyr-Volynsky (Володимир-Волинський; Polish: Włodzimierz Wołyński, Russian: Vladimir Volynski) is a city in Volyn region, northwestern Ukraine, with a population of 38,000 (2004). ... The Protestant Reformation was a movement which began in the 16th century as a series of attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church, but ended in division and the establishment of new institutions, most importantly Lutheranism, Reformed churches, and Anabaptists. ...

Protestantism arrived to Ukraine together with German immigrants in the 18th century, who were initially granted religious freedom by the Russian Imperial authorities, unlike the native population. One of earliest Protestant groups in Ukraine were Studists (the name originated from the German Stunde, "hour") German Evangelical sect that spread from German villages in Bessarabia and Ekaterinoslav province to the neighbouring Ukrainian population. Protestantism in Ukraine rapidly grew during the liberal reforms of Alexander II in the 1860s. However, towards the end of the century authorities started to restrict Protestant proselytism of the Orthodox Christians, especially by the Studistis, routinely preventing prayer meetings and other activities. At the same time Baptists, another major Protestant group that was growing in Ukraine, were treated less harshly due to their powerful international connections. Protestantism is a movement within Christianity, representing the splitting away from the Roman Catholic Church during the mid-to-late Renaissance in Europe —a period known as the Protestant Reformation. ... Old map of Bessarabia Bessarabia or Bessarabiya (Basarabia in Romanian, Besarabya in Turkish) was the name by which the Imperial Russia designated the eastern part of the principality of Moldavia annexed by Russia in 1812. ... Dnipropetrovsk Oblast (Дніпропетровська область, Dnipropetrovs’ka oblast’ or Дніпропетровщина, Dnipropetrovshchyna in Ukrainian) is an oblast of central Ukraine. ... Alexander II (1818-1881) Alexander (Aleksandr) II Nikolaevitch (Russian: Александр II Николаевич) (April 17, 1818, Moscow–March 13, 1881) was the Emperor (Czar) of Russia from March 2, 1855 until his assassination. ... The English language word proselytism is derived ultimately from the Greek language prefix pros (towards) and the verb erchomai (to come). ... Baptist churches are part of a Christian movement often regarded as an Evangelical, Protestant denomination. ...

In the early 20th century, Volyn became the main centre of the spread of Protestantism in Ukraine. During the Soviet period Protestantism, together with Orthodox Christianity, was persecuted in Ukraine, but the 1980s marked the start of another major expansion of Protestant proselytism in Ukraine. Volhynia (Wołyń in Polish; Волинь, Volyn’ in Ukrainian; also called Volynia, Volyň in Czech) comprises the historic region in western Ukraine located between the rivers Pripyat and Western Bug. ...

Today largest Protestant groups in Ukraine include Baptists (All-Ukrainian Union of the Association of Evangelical Baptists), Pentecostals (All-Ukrainian Union of Christians of the Evangelical Faith-Pentecostals) and Seventh-day Adventists (Ukrainian Union Conference of Seventh-day Adventists). Of note is Hillsong church in Kiev. Despite the rapid growth and aggressive missionary activities, even today Protestants in Ukraine remain a small minority in a largely Orthodox Christian country. The Pentecostal movement within Protestant Christianity places special emphasis on the gifts of the Holy Spirit. ... The Seventh-day Adventist Church (SDA), colloquially referred to as the Adventists, is an evangelical Protestant Christian denomination that grew out of the prophetic Millerite movement in the United States during the middle part of the 19th century. ... Hillsong Church, with a congregation of over 15,000 on an average weekend, is likely the largest Christian church in Australia. ...

References

• ((English)) Yuriy Chernomorets. The Destiny of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church at the Beginning of the 21st Century
• ((Russian)) Yuriy Chernomorets. "Social base of the ukrainian orthodoxy", March 2005, Yuriy Chernomorets. "Social base of the ukrainian orthodoxy", March 2005
• ((Russian)) Orhodox Encyclopedia Published by the Russian Orthodox Church[1]
• ((Russian)) Vadim Petrushko Autocephaleous schisms in Ukraine in 1989-1997. [2]

• Articles in Zerkalo Nedeli (Mirror Weekly), published in Kiev:
  • ((English)) ((Ukrainian)) /((Russian)) Giants of churchbuilding, February 4-10, 2006
  • ((Ukrainian)) /((Russian)) "Ukrainian Mission and its Messiahs", July 2005, in Ukrainian and in Russian
  • ((Ukrainian)) /((Russian)) "You can't prohibit dreaming. But can you force it?", April, 2005, in Ukrainian and in Russian
  • ((Ukrainian)) /((Russian)) "A church is hostage", February 2004 in Ukrainian and in Russian
  • ((Ukrainian)) /((Russian)) "A chessboard of religious affairs", April 2003 in Ukrainian and in Russian

Zerkalo Nedeli (Дзеркало тижня - Dzerkal Tyzhnia Ukrainian: Weekly Mirror) is Ukraine’s most influential analytical weekly. ...

External links

• Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchy)
• Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Kiev Patriarchy
• Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church
• Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
• Religious Information Service of Ukraine a project of the Institute of Religion and Society of the Ukrainian Catholic University
• Godembassy - A protestant church in Kiev with over 20 000 members.

This article is part of the Eastern Christianity Portal — Learn more about Eastern Christianity