NationMaster - Encyclopedia: History of Crimea

Crimea [kraɪˈmiə] or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (Ukrainian: Крим, Автономна Республіка Крим - Avtonomna Respublika Krym, Russian: Крым, Автономная Республика Крым - Avtonomnaya Respublika Krym, Crimean Tatar: Qırım, Qırım Muhtar Cumhuriyeti) is an autonomous republic of Ukraine on the northern coast of the Black Sea occupying a peninsula of the same name. Image File history File links Flag_of_Crimea. ... Image File history File links Crimea_Emblem. ... Flag ratio: 1:2 The flag of Crimea is in use since 1992 and was officially adopted on April 21, 1999. ... The Coat of Arms of Crimea is in use since 1992 and was officially adopted on April 21, 1999. ... Image File history File links LocationCrimea. ... Download high resolution version (1181x825, 16 KB) Map of Ukraine with highlighted Oblast made by Sven Teschke, Germany, 2004 --Steschke 09:24, 2004 Nov 8 (UTC) see also: english version: Image:Map_of_Ukraine_political_enwiki. ... A motto (from Italian) is a phrase or a short list of words meant formally to describe the general motivation or intention of an entity, social group, or organization. ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is evoking and eulogizing the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognized either by a nations government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ... In politics, a capital (also called capital city or political capital â€” although the latter phrase has a second meaning based on an alternative sense of capital) is the principal city or town associated with a countrys government. ... Simferopol (Ukrainian: ; Russian: ; Crimean Tatar: ) is the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Ukraine. ... Chicago from the air. ... Simferopol (Ukrainian: ; Russian: ; Crimean Tatar: ) is the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Ukraine. ... Also Eupatoria or Evpatoria; town in the Crimea. ... Kerch (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Crimean Tatar: , Old East Slavic: ÐšÑŠÑ€Ñ‡ÐµÐ²ÑŠ) is a city (2001 pop 157,000) on the Kerch Peninsula of eastern Crimea, is an important industrial, transport and tourist centre of Ukraine. ... Theodosia (Russian: Ð¤ÐµÐ¾Ð´Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ñ; Ukrainian: Ð¤ÐµÐ¾Ð´Ð¾ÑÑ–Ñ; Greek: Î˜ÎµÎ¿Î´Ï‰ÏƒÎ¯Î±; Crimean Tatar/Turkish: Kefe) is a port and resort city in southern Ukraine, located on the Black Sea coast of Crimea at coordinates 45. ... Yalta (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Crimean Tatar: ) is a city in Crimea, southern Ukraine, on the north coast of the Black Sea. ... An official language is a language that is given a privileged legal status in a state, or other legally-defined territory. ... Crimean Tatar language (QÄ±rÄ±mtatar tili, QÄ±rÄ±mtatarca), also known as Crimean (QÄ±rÄ±m tili, QÄ±rÄ±mca) and Crimean Turkish (QÄ±rÄ±m TÃ¼rkÃ§esi) is the language of the Crimean Tatars. ... A significant number of autonomous republics can be found within the successor states of the Soviet Union, but the majority are located within Russia. ... Abraham Lincoln, 16th President of the United States (1861-1865) The majority of this article is about heads of states. ... Viktor Andriyovych Yushchenko (Ukrainian: ) (born February 23, 1954) is the current President of Ukraine. ... A prime minister is the most senior minister of a cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ... It has been suggested that Speakers of the House be merged into this article or section. ... Area is a physical quantity expressing the size of a part of a surface. ... The hryvnia (Ukrainian Ð³Ñ€Ð¸Ð²Ð½Ñ) has been the national currency of Ukraine since 1996. ... A telephone number is a sequence of decimal digits (0-9) that is used for identifying a destination telephone line in a telephone network. ... A time zone is a region of the Earth that has adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time. ... ... Crimean Tatar language (QÄ±rÄ±mtatar tili, QÄ±rÄ±mtatarca), also known as Crimean (QÄ±rÄ±m tili, QÄ±rÄ±mca) and Crimean Turkish (QÄ±rÄ±m TÃ¼rkÃ§esi) is the language of the Crimean Tatars. ... A significant number of autonomous republics can be found within the successor states of the Soviet Union, but the majority are located within Russia. ... Map of the Black Sea. ... Peninsula A peninsula (from Latin paene insula, almost island) is a geographical formation consisting of an extension of land from a larger body, surrounded by water on three sides. ...

The total area of the republic is 26,200 km². Its population has 1,994,300 inhabitants (2005). The capital of Crimea is the city of Simferopol. Simferopol (Ukrainian: ; Russian: ; Crimean Tatar: ) is the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Ukraine. ...

It is the home of Crimean Tatars, an ethnic minority who now make up 13% of the population. The Crimean Tatars (QÄ±rÄ±mtatar (aka QÄ±rÄ±m, QÄ±rÄ±mlÄ± and QÄ±rÄ±m tÃ¼rkÃ¼), Pl. ...

Etymology of the name

The name Crimea takes its origin in the name of a city of Qırım (today's Stary Krym) which served as a capital of the Crimean province of the Golden Horde. Qırım is Crimean Tatar for "my hill" (qır - hill, -ım - my). However, there are other versions of the etymology of Qırım. Russian Krym is a Russified form of Qırım. The ancient Greeks called Crimea Taurida (later Taurica). The Greek historian Herodotus (known as "the Father of History", 5th c. BC) mentions that Hercules ploughed that land using a huge ox ("taurus"), hence the name of the land. Stary Krym (Crimean Tatar: Eski QÄ±rÄ±m, Ukrainian: , Russian: ) is a small historical town in the Eastern Crimea, approximately 25 km (15 mi. ... The Golden Horde (Turkish: AltÄ±n Ordu, Russian: Ð—Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ñ‚Ð°Ñ ÐžÑ€Ð´Ð°) was a Tatar-Mongol state established in parts of present-day Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan after the break up of the Mongol Empire in the 1240s. ... Crimean Tatar language (QÄ±rÄ±mtatar tili, QÄ±rÄ±mtatarca), also known as Crimean (QÄ±rÄ±m tili, QÄ±rÄ±mca) and Crimean Turkish (QÄ±rÄ±m TÃ¼rkÃ§esi) is the language of the Crimean Tatars. ... Ancient Greece is the term used to describe the Greek_speaking world in ancient times. ... The Chersonesus Tauricus of Antiquity, shown on a map printed in London, ca 1770 Taurica (Greek: , Latin: ) also known as Tauris, Taurida, Tauric Chersonese, and Chersonesus Taurica was the name of Crimea in Antiquity. ...

History

Early history

The earliest inhabitants of whom we have any authentic traces were the Cimmerians, who were expelled by the Scythians during the 7th century BC. The remaining Cimmerians that took refuge in the mountains later became known as the Tauri. According to other historians, the Tauri known for their savage rituals and piracy were the earliest, indigenous inhabitants of the peninsula. In 5th c. BC, Greek colonists began to settle along the Black Sea coast, among those were the Dorians from Heraclea who founded a sea port of Chersonesos outside Sevastopol, and the Ionians from Miletus who landed at Theodosia and Panticapaeum (also called Bosporus). Tauris is a peninsula on the Black Sea. ... The Cimmerians (Greek ÎšÎ¹Î¼Î¼ÎÏÎ¹Î¿Î¹, Kimmerioi) were ancient equestrian nomads who, according to Herodotus, originally inhabited the region north of the Caucasus and the Black Sea, in what is now Russia and Ukraine, in the 8th and 7th century BC. Assyrian records, however, first place them in the region of Azerbaijan in... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) The 7th century BC started on January 1, 700 BC and ended on December 31, 601 BC. // Overview Events Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria who created the the first systematically collected library at Nineveh A 16th century depiction of the Hanging Gardens of... The Tauri were the original inhabitants of the southern coast of Crimea, inhabiting the Crimean Mountains and the narrow strip of land between the mountains and the Black Sea. ... Heraclea Pontica (mod. ... The remains of the city of Chersonesos Chersonesos (Greek: , Latin: , Ukrainian: , Russian: ; see also List of traditional Greek place names) also known as Chersonese, Chersonesos, Cherson, Khersones and Korsun was an ancient Greek colony founded approximately 2500 years ago in the southwestern part of Crimea, known then as Taurica. ... Ionia (Greek Î™Ï‰Î½Î¯Î±; see also List of traditional Greek place names) was an ancient region of southwestern coastal Anatolia (now in Turkey) on the Aegean Sea. ... The lower half of the benches and the remnants of the scene building of the theater of Miletus, as it was on August 6, 2005. ... Theodosia (Russian: Ð¤ÐµÐ¾Ð´Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ñ; Ukrainian: Ð¤ÐµÐ¾Ð´Ð¾ÑÑ–Ñ; Greek: Î˜ÎµÎ¿Î´Ï‰ÏƒÎ¯Î±; Crimean Tatar/Turkish: Kefe) is a port and resort city in southern Ukraine, located on the Black Sea coast of Crimea at coordinates 45. ... Panticapaeum was an ancient Greek colony founded about 2600 years ago on the Cimmerian Bosporus, at the site of present-day Kerch city in the Crimea (Ukraine). ... The Cimmerian Bosphorus of Antiquity, shown on a map printed in London, ca 1770 The Cimmerian Bosporus (Bosporus Cimmerius) was the ancient name for the Strait of Kerch that connects the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. ...

Two centuries later, (438 BC) the Archon, or ruler, of the latter settlers assumed the title of the King of Bosporus, a state that maintained close relations with Athens, supplying the city with wheat, honey and other commodities. The last of that line of kings, Paerisades V, being hard-pressed by the Scythians, put himself under the protection of Mithridates VI, the king of Pontus, in 114 BC. After the death of this sovereign, his son Pharnaces II in 63 BC was invested by Pompey with the kingdom of Bosporus as a reward for the assistance rendered to the Romans in their war against his father. In 15 BC, it was once again restored to the king of Pontus, but since ranked as a tributary state of Rome. Image File history File links Hersones, Sevastopol, Crimea, Ukraine. ... Image File history File links Hersones, Sevastopol, Crimea, Ukraine. ... Chersonesus (Херсонес) is an ancient city on the territory of Sevastopol, in the Crimea, Ukraine. ... now. ... Centuries: 6th century BC - 5th century BC - 4th century BC Decades: 480s BC 470s BC 460s BC 450s BC 440s BC - 430s BC - 420s BC 410s BC 400s BC 390s BC 380s BC Years: 443 BC 442 BC 441 BC 440 BC 439 BC - 438 BC - 437 BC 436 BC... The Cimmerian Bosphorus of Antiquity, shown on a map printed in London, ca 1770 The Cimmerian Bosporus (Bosporus Cimmerius) was the ancient name for the Strait of Kerch that connects the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. ... Evzones Athens (Greek: Î‘Î¸Î®Î½Î±, AthÃna IPA: ) is the capital and largest city of Greece. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... A silver coin depicting Mithradates VI of Pontus. ... Traditional rural Pontic house A man in traditional clothes from Trabzon, illustration Pontus is the name which was applied, in ancient times, to extensive tracts of country in the northeast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey) bordering on the Euxine (Black Sea), which was often called simply Pontos (the main), by... Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 160s BC 150s BC 140s BC 130s BC 120s BC - 110s BC - 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC Years: 119 BC 118 BC 117 BC 116 BC 115 BC - 114 BC - 113 BC 112 BC... Pharnaces II of Pontus (63 BC - 47 BC), was the king of Pontus and son of the great Mithridates VI. Pompey had defeated Mithridates VI in 64 BC and gained control of much of Asia Minor, but Pharnaces II attempted to take advantage of the Roman civil war to retake... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 110s BC 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC - 60s BC - 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC Years: 68 BC 67 BC 66 BC 65 BC 64 BC 63 BC 62 BC 61 BC 60... Pompey, Pompey the Great or Pompey the Triumvir [1] (Classical Latin abbreviation: CNÂ·POMPEIVSÂ·CNÂ·FÂ·SEXÂ·NÂ·MAGNVS[2], Gnaeus or Cnaeus Pompeius Magnus) (September 29, 106 BC â€“ September 29, 48 BC), was a distinguished military and political leader of the late Roman republic. ... The Cimmerian Bosphorus of Antiquity, shown on a map printed in London, ca 1770 The Cimmerian Bosporus (Bosporus Cimmerius) was the ancient name for the Strait of Kerch that connects the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. ... This article is becoming very long. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC - 10s BC - 0s 10s 20s 30s 40s Years: 20 BC 19 BC 18 BC 17 BC 16 BC 15 BC 14 BC 13 BC 12 BC 11 BC 10 BC... Traditional rural Pontic house A man in traditional clothes from Trabzon, illustration Pontus is the name which was applied, in ancient times, to extensive tracts of country in the northeast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey) bordering on the Euxine (Black Sea), which was often called simply Pontos (the main), by... Nickname: The Eternal City Motto: SPQR: Senatus PopulusQue Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 8th century BC Mayor Walter Veltroni Area - City 1,285 kmÂ² (496. ...

During the later centuries, Crimea was invaded or occupied successively by the Goths (AD. 250), the Huns (376), the Bulgars (6th century), the Khazars (8th century), the state of Kievan Rus (10th-11th centuries), the Byzantine Greeks (1016), the Kipchaks (the Kumans) (1050), and the Mongols (1237). Invasion of the Goths: a late 19th century painting by O. Fritsche, is a highly romanticized portrait of the Goths as cavalrymen. ... Events Diophantus writes Arithmetica the first systematic treatise on algebra. ... The Huns were a confederation of Eurasian tribes who appeared in Europe in the 4th century, the most famous person being Attila. ... Events Visigoths appear on the Danube and request entry into the Roman Empire in their flight from the Huns Births Cyril of Alexandria, theologian Deaths Categories: 376 ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Khazars (Heb. ... (7th century — 8th century — 9th century — other centuries) Events The Iberian peninsula is taken by Arab and Berber Muslims, thus ending the Visigothic rule, and starting almost 8 centuries of Muslim presence there. ... Kievan Rus′ (Ки́евская Ру́сь, Kievskaya Rus in Russian; Київська Русь, Kyivs’ka Rus’ in Ukrainian) was the early, mostly East Slavic¹ state dominated by the... What Up. ... Events George Tsul, ruler of Khazaria, is captured by a combined Byzantine- Rus force, which effectively ends Khazarias existence. ... Kipchaks (also Kypchaks, Qipchaqs) are an ancient Turkic people, first mentioned in the historical chronicles of Central Asia in the 1st millennium BC. Their language was also known as Kipchak. ... Leofric becomes Bishop of Exeter Hedeby is sacked by King Harald Hardraade of Norway during the course of a conflict with King Eric Estridsson of Denmark. ... Mongols (Mongolian: ÐœÐ¾Ð½Ð³Ð¾Ð» Mongol) are an ethnic group that originated in what is now Mongolia, Russia, and China or more specifically on the Central Asian plateau north of the Gobi desert and south of Siberia. ... // Events Thomas II of Savoy becomes count of Flanders. ...

In the mid-10th century, the eastern Crimea was conquered by Prince Sviatoslav I of Kiev and became part of the Kievan Russian principality of Tmutarakan. In 988, Prince Vladimir I of Kiev also captured the Byzantine town of Chersones (presently part of Sevastopol) where he later converted to Christianity. An impressive Russian Orthodox cathedral marks the location of this historic event. Svyatoslavs return from the Danube to Kiev (1773) Sviatoslav I of Kiev (ca. ... Tmutarakan is an ancient city that controlled the passage from the Black Sea to the Sea of Azov. ... Detail of the Millennium of Russia monument in Novgorod (1862) representing St Vladimir and his family. ... Tauric Chersonesos, Greek Χερσονασος (Chersones, Khersones, Korsun, Russian: Херсонес) was the Greek settlement founded approximately 2500 years ago in the southwestern part of Crimean (Taurian) Peninsula. ...

In the 13th century, the Genoese seized the settlements which their rivals the Venetians had built along the Crimean coast and established themselves at Cembalo, Soldaia, and Caffa. (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... The Ancient Port of Genoa. ... Venice (Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venexia) is the capital of the region of Veneto and the province of the same name in Italy. ... Balaklava (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Crimean Tatar: ) is a town in the Crimea, Ukraine which has an official status of a district of the city of Sevastopol. ... Sudak (Russian: , Ukrainian: , Crimean Tatar: ) is historic townlet of 15,050 inhabitants in Crimea, situated 57 km to the west from Theodosia and 104 km to the east from Simferopol. ... Feodosiya (Russian: Феодосия; Ukrainian: Феодосія; Crimean Tatar/Turkish: Kefe) is a port and resort city in southern Ukraine, located on the Black Sea coast of Crimea at coordinates 45. ...

Crimean Khanate

A number of Turkic peoples, now collectively known as Crimean Tatars, had been inhabiting the peninsula since the early Middle Ages. The ethnicity of the Crimean Tatars is quite complex as it absorbed both nomadic Turkic and European components (in the first place, the Goths and the Genoese) which is still reflected in their appearance and language differences. A small enclave of the Karaims, possibly of Khazar (i.e. Turkic) descent but members of a Jewish sect founded in the 8th c., existed among the Muslim Crimean Tatars, primarily in the mountainous Çufut Qale area. After the destruction of the Golden Horde by Timur, in 1441 the Crimean Tatars founded an independent Crimean Khanate under Haci I Giray, a descendant of Genghis Khan. He and his successors reigned first at Qırq Yer, and from the beginning of the 15th century, at Bakhchisaray. The Crimean Khanate or the Khanate of Crimea (Crimean Tatar: ; Russian: - Krymskoye khanstvo; Ukrainian: - Krymske khanstvo; Turkish: ) was a Crimean Tatar state from 1441 to 1783. ... This article is about the various peoples speaking one of the Turkic languages. ... The Crimean Tatars (QÄ±rÄ±mtatar (aka QÄ±rÄ±m, QÄ±rÄ±mlÄ± and QÄ±rÄ±m tÃ¼rkÃ¼), Pl. ... Karaite Judaism is a Jewish denomination characterized by reliance on the Tanakh as the sole scripture, and rejection of the Oral Law (the Mishnah and the Talmuds) as halakha (Legally Binding, i. ... Ã‡ufut Qale or Chufut Kale is a historic fortress in the Crimea, near Bakhchisaray. ... The Golden Horde (Turkish: AltÄ±n Ordu, Russian: Ð—Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ñ‚Ð°Ñ ÐžÑ€Ð´Ð°) was a Tatar-Mongol state established in parts of present-day Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan after the break up of the Mongol Empire in the 1240s. ... Statue of Timur in Shahrisabz, Uzbekistan TÄ«mÅ«r bin Taraghay Barlas (Chagatai Turkic: ØªÛŒÙ…ÙˆØ±, iron) (1336 â€“ February 1405) was a 14th century warlord of Turco-Mongol descent[1][2][3], conqueror of much of Western and central Asia, and founder of the Timurid Empire (1370â€“1405) in Central Asia and... This page is about the year 1441. ... The Crimean Khanate or the Khanate of Crimea (Crimean Tatar: ; Russian: - Krymskoye khanstvo; Ukrainian: - Krymske khanstvo; Turkish: ) was a Crimean Tatar state from 1441 to 1783. ... Haci I Giray (Crimean Tatar: ) (died 1466) was the founder and the first ruler of the Crimean Khanate. ... or TemÃ¼jin by birthname, (c. ... Ã‡ufut Qale (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Crimean Tatar: ) sometimes spelled as Chufut Kale is a historic fortress in Crimea, near Bakhchisaray. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... Bakhchisaray (Crimean Tatar: BaÄŸÃ§asaray, Ukrainian: , Russian: ), a town in Central Crimea, centre of the Bakhchisaray raion (district), former capital of the Crimean Khanate. ...

The commercial towns held by the Genoese were conquered by the Ottoman general Gedik Ahmet Pasha in 1475. After 1475, the Crimean Khans ruled as tributary princes of the Ottoman Empire until 1774 when they fell under the Russian influence. In 1783, entire Crimea was annexed by the Russian Empire. Alternate uses, see Genoa (disambiguation). ... Motto: Ø¯ÙˆÙ„Øª Ø§Ø¨Ø¯ Ù…Ø¯Øª Devlet-i Ebed-mÃ¼ddet (The Eternal State) Anthem: Ottoman imperial anthem At the height of its power (1683) Capital SÃ¶ÄŸÃ¼t (1299-1326) Bursa (1326-1365) Edirne (1365-1453) Constantinople (Istanbul) (1453-1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans - 1281â€“1326 Osman I - 1918â€“1922 Mehmed VI... Gedik Ahmet Pasha was a successful Ottoman army commander, admiral and state man during the reign of Ottoman Sultans Mehmed the Conqueror (March 30, 1432 â€“ May 3, 1481) and Beyazid II (1447-1512). ... In 1509 Balboa tried to join a Spanish expedition but could not because he owed so many debts January 10â€”Stephen III of Moldavia defeats the Ottoman Empire at the Battle of Vaslui. ... Motto: Ø¯ÙˆÙ„Øª Ø§Ø¨Ø¯ Ù…Ø¯Øª Devlet-i Ebed-mÃ¼ddet (The Eternal State) Anthem: Ottoman imperial anthem At the height of its power (1683) Capital SÃ¶ÄŸÃ¼t (1299-1326) Bursa (1326-1365) Edirne (1365-1453) Constantinople (Istanbul) (1453-1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans - 1281â€“1326 Osman I - 1918â€“1922 Mehmed VI... Chesma Column in Tsarskoe Selo, commemorating the end of the Russo-Turkish War. ... 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

Russian Empire

The Crimean War (1854 - 1856) devastated much of the economic and social infrastructure of Crimea. Crimean Tatars had to flee from their homeland en masse, forced by the conditions created by the war, persecution and land expropriations. Those who survived the trip, famine and disease resettled in Dobruja, Anatolia, and other parts of the Ottoman Empire. For the first time in their history, Crimean Tatars became a minority in their own land, with the majority spread out as a diaspora. Finally, the Russian government decided to stop the process, as the agriculture began to suffer due to the unattended fertile farmland. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1464x1050, 987 KB) Chateau Nid dhirondelle, prÃ¨s de Yalta. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1464x1050, 987 KB) Chateau Nid dhirondelle, prÃ¨s de Yalta. ... Yalta (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Crimean Tatar: ) is a city in Crimea, southern Ukraine, on the north coast of the Black Sea. ... It has been suggested that Neo-gothic architecture be merged into this article or section. ... Combatants United Kingdom France Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Sardinia Russian Empire Casualties 17,500 British 90,000 French 35,000 Turkish 2,050 Sardinian killed, wounded and died of disease 256,000 killed, wounded and died of disease The Crimean War lasted from 1854 until 1 April 1856 and was... 1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1856 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Crimean Tatars (QÄ±rÄ±mtatar (aka QÄ±rÄ±m, QÄ±rÄ±mlÄ± and QÄ±rÄ±m tÃ¼rkÃ¼), Pl. ... Dobruja, or sometimes Dobrudja (Dobrogea in Romanian, Ð”Ð¾Ð±Ñ€ÑƒÐ´Ð¶Ð°â€”transliterated Dobrudzhaâ€”in Bulgarian, Dobruca in Turkish), is the territory between the lower Danube river and the Black Sea, including the Danube Delta, Romanian coast and the northernmost part of the Bulgarian coast. ... Anatolia lies east of the Bosphorus, between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Anatolia is a peninsula of Western Asia which forms the greater part of the Asian portion of Turkey, as opposed to the European portion (Thrace, or traditionally Rumelia). ... Motto: Ø¯ÙˆÙ„Øª Ø§Ø¨Ø¯ Ù…Ø¯Øª Devlet-i Ebed-mÃ¼ddet (The Eternal State) Anthem: Ottoman imperial anthem At the height of its power (1683) Capital SÃ¶ÄŸÃ¼t (1299-1326) Bursa (1326-1365) Edirne (1365-1453) Constantinople (Istanbul) (1453-1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans - 1281â€“1326 Osman I - 1918â€“1922 Mehmed VI... The Crimean Tatar diaspora dates back to the annexation of Crimea by Russia in 1783, after which Crimean Tatars were forced to emigrate in a series of waves spanning the period from 1783 to 1917. ...

During the Russian Civil War, Crimea was a stronghold of the anti-Bolshevik White Army. It was in Crimea that the White Russians led by General Wrangel made their last stand against the invading Red Army in 1920. After the resistance was crushed, many of the anti-Communist fighters and civilians had to board the ships and escape to Constantinople. Hundreds of thousands of Russians who chose to remain were executed by the Communists. Combatants Red Army (Bolsheviks) White Army (Monarchists, SRs, Anti-Communists) Green Army (Peasants and Nationalists) Black Army (Anarchists) Commanders Leon Trotsky Mikhail Tukhachevsky Semyon Budyonny Lavr Kornilov, Alexander Kolchak, Anton Denikin, Pyotr Wrangel Alexander Antonov, Nikifor Grigoriev Nestor Makhno Strength 5,427,273 (peak) +1,000,000 Casualties 939,755... The White movement, whose military arm is known as the White Army (Ð‘ÐµÐ»Ð°Ñ ÐÑ€Ð¼Ð¸Ñ) or White Guard (Ð‘ÐµÐ»Ð°Ñ Ð“Ð²Ð°Ñ€Ð´Ð¸Ñ, Ð±ÐµÐ»Ð¾Ð³Ð²Ð°Ñ€Ð´ÐµÐ¹Ñ†Ñ‹) and whose members are known as Whites (Ð‘ÐµÐ»Ñ‹Ðµ, or the derogatory Ð‘ÐµÐ»ÑÐºÐ¸) or White Russians (a term which has other meanings) comprised some of the Russian forces, both political and military, which opposed the Bolsheviks after the... Baron Wrangel At a prayer vigil upon accepting command. ... The short forms Red Army and RKKA refer to the Workers and Peasants Red Army, (in Russian: Ð Ð°Ð±Ð¾Ñ‡Ðµ-ÐšÑ€ÐµÑÑ‚ÑŒÑÐ½ÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÐšÑ€Ð°ÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐÑ€Ð¼Ð¸Ñ - Raboche-Krestyanskaya Krasnaya Armiya), the armed forces first organized by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War in 1918. ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 3 - Babe Ruth is traded by the Boston Red Sox to the New York Yankees for $125,000, the largest sum ever paid for a player at that time. ... Map of Constantinople. ...

Soviet Union

In 1921 the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created as part of the Russian SFSR. 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ÐšÑ€Ñ‹Ð¼ÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÐÐ²Ñ‚Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¡Ð¾Ð²ÐµÑ‚ÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¡Ð¾Ñ†Ð¸Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÑ‚Ð¸Ñ‡ÐµÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð ÐµÑÐ¿ÑƒÐ±Ð»Ð¸ÐºÐ°) (October 18, 1921â€”June 30, 1945) was created as part of RSFSR within the Crimean Peninsula, its capital being Simferopol. ... State motto: Russian: ÐŸÑ€Ð¾Ð»ÐµÑ‚Ð°Ñ€Ð¸Ð¸ Ð²ÑÐµÑ… ÑÑ‚Ñ€Ð°Ð½, ÑÐ¾ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð½ÑÐ¹Ñ‚ÐµÑÑŒ! Translation: Workers of the world, unite! Capital Moscow Official language Russian Established In the USSR: - Since - Until November 7, 1917 November 7, 1917 December 12, 1991 (dissolution) Area - Total - Water (%) Ranked 1st in the USSR 17,075,200 kmÂ² 13% Population - Total - Density Ranked 1st in the...

Crimea was a scene of some of the bloodiest battles in World War II. The leaders of the Third Reich were anxious to conquer and colonize the fertile and beautiful peninsula as part of their policy of resettling the Germans in Eastern Europe at the expense of the Slavs. The Germans suffered heavy casualties in the summer of 1941 as they tried to advance through the narrow isthmus of Perekop linking Crimea to the Ukrainian mainland. Once the German army broke through (Operation Trappenjagd), they occupied most of Crimea, with the exception of the city of Sevastopol (it was awarded the honorary title of Hero City after the war). Sevastopol held out from October 1941 until 4 July 1942 when the Germans finally captured the city. From 1 September 1942, the peninsula was administrated as the Generalbezirk Krim (general district of Crimea) und Teilbezirk 'and sub-district' Taurien by the Nazi Generalkommissar Alfred Eduard Frauenfeld (b. 1898 - d. 1977), under the authority of the three consecutive Reichskommissare for the entire Ukraine. In spite of heavy-handed tactics by the Nazis and the assistance of the Romanian and Italian troops, the Crimean mountains remained an unconquered stronghold of the native resistance (the partisans) until the day when the peninsula was freed from the occupying force. Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Nazi Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... This article is about the year. ... Perekop may refer to the following objects located basically at the same site. ... now. ... Hero City (город-герой or gorod-geroy in Russian) is an honorary title awarded to twelve cities and one city-fortress in the Soviet Union for outstanding heroism during the Great Patriotic War of 1941 to 1945. ... This article is about the year. ... For the United States holiday, the Fourth of July, see Independence Day (United States). ... 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1942 calendar). ... September 1 is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1942 calendar). ... Reichskommissar (Commissionary of the Empire) was an official title of authorized representative of the Deutsches Reich (after 1871) who was appointed to a special task, e. ...

In 1944, Sevastopol came under the control of troops from the Soviet Union. The City of Russian Glory once known for its beautiful architecture was entirely destroyed and had to be rebuilt stone by stone. Due to its enormous historical and symbolic meaning for the Russians, it became a priority for Stalin and the Soviet government to have it restored to its former glory within the shortest time possible, and so it happened.

On 18 May 1944, the entire population of the Crimean Tatars were forcibly deported to Central Asia by Stalin's Soviet government as a form of collective punishment on the grounds that they had collaborated with the Nazi occupation forces. On 21 May 1944, the ethnic cleansing of Crimea was complete. An estimated 46 % of the deportees died from hunger and disease. In 1967, the Crimean Tatars were rehabilitated, but they were banned from legally returning to their homeland until the last days of the Soviet Union. May 18 is the 138th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (139th in leap years). ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ... The Crimean Tatars (QÄ±rÄ±mtatar (aka QÄ±rÄ±m, QÄ±rÄ±mlÄ± and QÄ±rÄ±m tÃ¼rkÃ¼), Pl. ... Iosif (usually anglicized as Joseph) Vissarionovich Stalin (Russian: Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин), original name Ioseb Jughashvili (Georgian: იოსებ ჯუღაშვი&#4314... Motto: ÐŸÑ€Ð¾Ð»ÐµÑ‚Ð°Ñ€Ð¸Ð¸ Ð²ÑÐµÑ… ÑÑ‚Ñ€Ð°Ð½, ÑÐ¾ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð½ÑÐ¹Ñ‚ÐµÑÑŒ! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) (Russian: Workers of the world, unite!) Anthem: The Internationale (1922-1944) Hymn of the Soviet Union (1944-1991) Capital (and largest city) Moscow None; Russian de facto Government Federation of Soviet Republics - Last President Mikhail Gorbachev - Last Premier Ivan Silayev Establishment October Revolution - Declared... Collective punishment is a term describing the punishment of a group of people for the crime of a few or even of one. ... National Socialism redirects here. ... May 21 is the 141st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (142nd in leap years). ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ... Ethnic cleansing refers to various policies or practices aimed at the displacement of an ethnic group from a particular territory. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ...

The Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was abolished in 1945 and transformed into the Crimean Oblast (region) of the Russian SFSR. In 1954, it was transferred from the Russian SFSR to the Ukrainian SSR. As it stated in the Supreme Soviet Decree the transfer was caused by close (1) geographic, (2) economic, and (3) cultural ties to the Ukrainian SSR.^{[citation needed]} The transfer was also meant by the Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev as a symbolic gesture to mark the 300th anniversary of the Treaty of Pereyaslav that unified Russia and the Ukraine. Image File history File links Sudak_vlasenko. ... Image File history File links Sudak_vlasenko. ... Sudak is city in the Crimea. ... 1945 (MCMVL) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... Oblast (Czech: oblast, Slovak: oblasÅ¥, Russian and Ukrainian: , Belarusian: , Bulgarian: Ð¾ÌÐ±Ð»Ð°ÑÑ‚) refers to a subnational entity in some countries. ... State motto: Russian: ÐŸÑ€Ð¾Ð»ÐµÑ‚Ð°Ñ€Ð¸Ð¸ Ð²ÑÐµÑ… ÑÑ‚Ñ€Ð°Ð½, ÑÐ¾ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð½ÑÐ¹Ñ‚ÐµÑÑŒ! Translation: Workers of the world, unite! Capital Moscow Official language Russian Established In the USSR: - Since - Until November 7, 1917 November 7, 1917 December 12, 1991 (dissolution) Area - Total - Water (%) Ranked 1st in the USSR 17,075,200 kmÂ² 13% Population - Total - Density Ranked 1st in the... 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... State motto: Russian: ÐŸÑ€Ð¾Ð»ÐµÑ‚Ð°Ñ€Ð¸Ð¸ Ð²ÑÐµÑ… ÑÑ‚Ñ€Ð°Ð½, ÑÐ¾ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð½ÑÐ¹Ñ‚ÐµÑÑŒ! Translation: Workers of the world, unite! Capital Moscow Official language Russian Established In the USSR: - Since - Until November 7, 1917 November 7, 1917 December 12, 1991 (dissolution) Area - Total - Water (%) Ranked 1st in the USSR 17,075,200 kmÂ² 13% Population - Total - Density Ranked 1st in the... State motto: ÐŸÑ€Ð¾Ð»ÐµÑ‚Ð°Ñ€Ñ– Ð²ÑÑ–Ñ… ÐºÑ€Ð°Ñ—Ð½, Ñ”Ð´Ð½Ð°Ð¹Ñ‚ÐµÑÑ! Official language None. ... The Supreme Soviet (Russian: , Verhovniy Sovet, literally the Supreme Council) comprised the highest legislative body in the Soviet Union in the interim of the sessions of the Congress of Soviets, and the only one with the power to pass constitutional amendments. ... Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (Russian: ; IPA: ); surname more accurately romanized as Khrushchyov; April 17, 1894 [O.S. April 5]â€“September 11, 1971) was the leader of the Soviet Union after the death of Joseph Stalin. ... Pereyaslav Rada The Treaty of Pereyaslav was concluded in 1654 in the Ukrainian city of Pereyaslav during the meeting known as Pereyaslavska Uhoda (Pereyaslav Treaty). ...

Autonomy in independent Ukraine

With the collapse of the Soviet Union, Crimea became part of the newly independent Ukraine, a situation largely unexpected by its population that was ethnically and culturally Russian for the most part. That led to tensions between Russia and Ukraine. With the Black Sea Fleet based on the peninsula, worries of armed skirmishes were occasionally raised. The rise of Gorbachev Although reform stalled between 1964–1982, the generational shift gave new momentum for reform. ... Black Sea Fleet sleeve ensign The Black Sea Fleet (Russian: Ð§ÐµÑ€Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ñ€ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ñ„Ð»Ð¾Ñ‚) is a large sub-unit of the Russian (and formerly Soviet) Navy, operating in the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea since the early 18th century. ...

Crimea proclaimed self-government on May 5, 1992 [1] [2], but later agreed to remain within Ukraine as an autonomous republic. May 5 is the 125th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (126th in leap years). ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... A significant number of autonomous republics can be found within the successor states of the Soviet Union, but the majority are located within Russia. ...

Following the ratification of Ukrainian-Russian 1997 treaties on friendship and division of the fleet, the international tensions slowly have eased off. 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Government and politics

Crimea is a parliamentary republic that has no president. The legislative body is a 100-seat parliament, the Supreme Rada of Crimea (which should not be confused with the national Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine). The executive power is represented by the Council of Ministers, headed by a Prime Minister who is appointed by the Supreme Rada. Verkhovna Rada. ...

Administrative divisions

Crimea is subdivided into 25 regions: 14 raions and 11 city municipalities (officially "territories governed by city councils"). Each region consists of city, town and village communities. A raion (or rayon) (Russian and Ukrainian: ; Belarusian Ñ€Ð°Ñ‘Ð½; Azeri: rayon, Latvian: rajons, Georgian: , raioni) is one of two kinds of administrative subdivisions in languages of some post-Soviet states: a subnational entity and a subdivision of a city. ...

Image File history File links Crimea-regions. ... Bakhchisaray raion (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Crimean Tatar: ) is one of the 25 regions of Crimea. ... Alushta city municipality (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Crimean Tatar: ), officially the territory governed by the Alushta city council, also known as Greater Alushta is one of the 25 regions of Crimea. ... Byelogorsk raion (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Crimean Tatar: ) is one of the 25 regions of Crimea. ... Armyansk city municipality (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Crimean Tatar: ) is one of the 25 regions of Crimea. ... Dzhankoy raion (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Crimean Tatar: ) is one of the 25 regions of Crimea. ... Dzhankoy (Ukrainian and Russian: Ð”Ð¶Ð°Ð½ÐºÐ¾Ð¹, Crimean Tatar: ) is a city in the north of Crimea, Ukraine, and the capital of Dzhankoy raion. ... Kirovske raion (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Crimean Tatar: ) is one of the 25 regions of Crimea. ... Eupatoria city municipality (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Crimean Tatar: ) officially the territory governed by the Eupatoria city council is one of the 25 regions of Crimea. ... Kerch (Ukrainian: ÐšÐµÑ€Ñ‡, Russian: , Crimean Tatar: , Old East Slavic: ÐšÐ¾Ñ€Ñ‡ÐµÐ²) is a city (2001 pop 157,000) on the Kerch Peninsula of eastern Crimea, an important industrial, transportation and tourist center of Ukraine. ... Krasnoperekopsk (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Crimean Tatar: ) is a city in Crimea, Ukraine which is located on the southern part of the Perekop Isthmus, on the shore of the Stare lake, and about 124km from the Crimean capital, Simferopol. ... Simferopol city municipality (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Crimean Tatar: ) officially the territory governed by the Simferopol city council is one of the 25 regions of Crimea. ... Sudak city municipality (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Crimean Tatar: ), officially the territory governed by the Sudak city council is one of the 25 regions of Crimea. ... Theodosia city municipality (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Crimean Tatar: ), officially the territory governed by the Theodosia city council, is one of the 25 regions of Crimea. ... Yalta city municipality (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Crimean Tatar: ), officially the territory governed by the Yalta city council, also known as Greater Yalta is one of the 25 regions of Crimea. ... Chernomorsk raion (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Crimean Tatar: ) is one of the 25 regions of Crimea. ... Alupka (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Crimean Tatar: ) is a resort town in Crimea, Ukraine, situated 17 km to the west of Yalta. ... Alushta, called Aluston in the Byzantine Empire, is a resort town in the Crimea, situated on the Black Sea on the road from Gurzuf to Sudak. ... Armyansk (Ukrainian: ÐÑ€Ð¼ÑÐ½ÑÑŒÐº, Russian: , Crimean Tatar: ) is a town in northern Crimea, Ukraine. ... Balaklava (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Crimean Tatar: ) is a town in the Crimea, Ukraine which has an official status of a district of the city of Sevastopol. ... Bakhchisaray (Crimean Tatar: BaÄŸÃ§asaray, Ukrainian: , Russian: ), a town in Central Crimea, centre of the Bakhchisaray raion (district), former capital of the Crimean Khanate. ... Belogorsk (Crimean Tatar: Qarasuvbazar, Ukrainian: , Russian: ) (both Russian and Ukrainian names mean white mountains), formerly Karasubazar, is a town of Ukraine, at the Crimea, in 45Â° 3 north and 340 26 east, 25 miles east-northeast of Simferopol. ... Gaspra (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Crimean Tatar: ) is a spa town in Crimea, Ukraine. ... Gurzuf (Russian:Гурзу́ф) is a settlement on the Crimea peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea. ... Dzhankoy (Ukrainian and Russian: Ð”Ð¶Ð°Ð½ÐºÐ¾Ð¹, Crimean Tatar: CankÃ¶y) is a city in the north of the Crimea, Ukraine. ... Also Eupatoria or Evpatoria; town in the Crimea. ... Foros (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Crimean Tatar: Foros) is a resort town in Crimea, Ukraine. ... Inkerman (Inkermann) is a small town in Crimea, an eastern suburb of Sevastopol. ... Kerch (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Crimean Tatar: , Old East Slavic: ÐšÑŠÑ€Ñ‡ÐµÐ²ÑŠ) is a city (2001 pop 157,000) on the Kerch Peninsula of eastern Crimea, is an important industrial, transport and tourist centre of Ukraine. ... Koktebel, also known as Planerskoye, is one of the most popular resort townlets in the Crimea, situated on the shore of the Black Sea about halfway between Feodosiya and Sudak. ... Koreiz (Ukrainian: ÐšÐ¾Ñ€ÐµÑ—Ð·, Russian: , Crimean Tatar: ) is a townlet in the Yalta region of Crimea. ... Kirovske (Ukrainian: ) is a city in Donetsk Oblast (province) of Ukraine. ... Krasnoperekopsk (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Crimean Tatar: Krasnoperekopsk) is a city in Crimea, Ukraine which is located on the southern part of the Perekop Isthmus, on the shore of the Stare lake, and about 124km from the Crimean capital, Simferopol. ... Lenine is a brazilian singer and songwriter born and raised in Recife, capital of Pernambuco in Northeast Brazil. ... Livadiya is a resort located on the Black Sea near Yalta, Ukraine. ... Massandra (Ukrainian: ÐœÐ°ÑÐ°Ð½Ð´Ñ€Ð°, Russian: , Crimean Tatar: ) is a townlet in the Yalta region of Crimea. ... Nikita (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Crimean Tatar: Nikita) is a townlet in Crimea, Ukraine. ... A Juniper forest in Noviy Svet Novyi Svet (Russian: ; Ukrainian: ; Crimean Tatar: NovÄ±y Svet; literally: New World) is a resort town in Crimea, Ukraine, known for an eponymous sort of champagne produced there. ... Partenit (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Crimean Tatar: ) is a seaside city in the southern part of Crimea, Ukraine. ... Saky (Ukrainian: ) is a city in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Ukraine. ... Scholkine (Ukrainian: , Russian: ) is a city in Autonomous Republic of Crimea of Ukraine. ... now. ... Simeiz (Ð¡Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐ¸Ð·) is a resort town in Crimea, Ukraine. ... Simferopol (Ukrainian: ; Russian: ; Crimean Tatar: ) is the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Ukraine. ... Stary Krym (Crimean Tatar: Eski QÄ±rÄ±m, Ukrainian: , Russian: ) is a small historical town in the Eastern Crimea, approximately 25 km (15 mi. ... Sudak is city in the Crimea. ... Theodosia (Russian: Ð¤ÐµÐ¾Ð´Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ñ; Ukrainian: Ð¤ÐµÐ¾Ð´Ð¾ÑÑ–Ñ; Greek: Î˜ÎµÎ¿Î´Ï‰ÏƒÎ¯Î±; Crimean Tatar/Turkish: Kefe) is a port and resort city in southern Ukraine, located on the Black Sea coast of Crimea at coordinates 45. ... Yalta (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Crimean Tatar: ) is a city in Crimea, southern Ukraine, on the north coast of the Black Sea. ...

Geography

Crimea borders the Kherson Oblast from the North; the rest of the border is the Black Sea in the South and West and the Sea of Azov in the East. Its area is 26,100 km². The capital is Simferopol. Image File history File links Crimeamap. ... Image File history File links Crimeamap. ... Kherson Oblast (Ð¥ÐµÑ€ÑÐ¾Ð½ÑÑŒÐºÐ° Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð°ÑÑ‚ÑŒ, Khersonsâ€™ka oblastâ€™ or Ð¥ÐµÑ€ÑÐ¾Ð½Ñ‰Ð¸Ð½Ð°, Khersonshchyna in Ukrainian) is an oblast of southern Ukraine, just north of Crimea. ... Map of the Black Sea. ... The shallow Sea of Azov is clearly distinguished from the deeper Black Sea. ... km redirects here. ... Simferopol (Ukrainian: ; Russian: ; Crimean Tatar: ) is the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Ukraine. ...

Crimea is connected to the mainland by the 5–7 kilometre (3–4 mile) wide Isthmus of Perekop. At the eastern tip is the Kerch Peninsula, which is directly opposite the Taman Peninsula on the Russian mainland. Between the Kerch and Taman peninsula lies the 3–13 km (2–9 mi) wide Strait of Kerch, which connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Azov. The Isthmus of Perekop is the narrow, three to four mile wide strip of land that connects the peninsula of Crimea to the rest of mainland Ukraine. ... The Cimmerian Bosphorus of antiquity, shown on a map printed in London, ca 1770 Landsat satellite photo Kerch Strait. ... 1. ... Kerch Strait. ...

The Crimean coastline is broken by several bays and harbours. These harbours lie on the west side of the Isthmus of Perekop by the Bay of Karkinit; on the southwest by the open Bay of Kalamita, with the ports of Eupatoria and Sevastopol; by the Bay of Arabat on the north side of the Isthmus of Yenikale or Kerch; and by the Bay of Caffa or Theodosia, with the port of that name on the south side. Image File history File links Crimea, Ukraine. ... Image File history File links Crimea, Ukraine. ... Map of the Black Sea. ... The Isthmus of Perekop is the narrow, three to four mile wide strip of land that connects the peninsula of Crimea to the rest of mainland Ukraine. ... Also Eupatoria or Evpatoria; town in the Crimea. ... now. ... East of Crimea by the Azov Sea. ... Kerch (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Crimean Tatar: , Old East Slavic: ÐšÑŠÑ€Ñ‡ÐµÐ²ÑŠ) is a city (2001 pop 157,000) on the Kerch Peninsula of eastern Crimea, is an important industrial, transport and tourist centre of Ukraine. ... Theodosia (Russian: Ð¤ÐµÐ¾Ð´Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ñ; Ukrainian: Ð¤ÐµÐ¾Ð´Ð¾ÑÑ–Ñ; Greek: Î˜ÎµÎ¿Î´Ï‰ÏƒÎ¯Î±; Crimean Tatar/Turkish: Kefe) is a port and resort city in southern Ukraine, located on the Black Sea coast of Crimea at coordinates 45. ...

The southeast coast is flanked at a distance of 8–12 km (5–8 mi) from the sea by a parallel range of mountains, the Yayla Mountains, or Alpine Meadow mountains (also known as Yayla Dağ and the Crimean Range). These mountains are backed by secondary parallel ranges. 75% of the remaining area of Crimea consists of semiarid prairie lands, a southward continuation of the Pontic steppes, which slope gently to the northwest from the foot of the Yayla Mountains. The main range of these mountains shoots up with extraordinary abruptness from the deep floor of the Black Sea to an altitude of 600 to 750 metres (2000 to 2500 feet), beginning at the southwest point of the peninsula, called Cape Fiolente. It was this cape that was supposedly crowned with the temple of Artemis, where Iphigeneia is said to have officiated as priestess. Image File history File links Crimea, Ukraine. ... Image File history File links Crimea, Ukraine. ... The Yayla Mountains (Crimean Tatar: YaylÃ¢ DaÄŸ - Alpine Meadow mountains) is a range of mountains running parallel to the south-east coast of Crimea, Ukraine, between about five and eight miles from the sea. ... A steppe in Western Kazakhstan in early spring In physical geography, a steppe (Russian: - step, Ukrainian: - step, Kazakh: - dala), pronounced in English as step, is a plain without trees (apart from those near rivers and lakes); it is similar to a prairie, although a prairie is generally considered as being... Map of the Black Sea. ... Peninsula A peninsula (from Latin paene insula, almost island) is a geographical formation consisting of an extension of land from a larger body, surrounded by water on three sides. ... The Diana of Versailles, a Roman copy of a sculpture by Leochares (Louvre Museum) Artemis (Greek: nominative , genitive ), in Olympian Greek mythology the daughter of Zeus and of Leto and the twin sister of Apollo, was one of the most widely venerated gods and manifestly one of the oldest deities... The sacrifice of Iphigenia by the Illioupersis Painter Iphigeneia (, also Iphigenia and sometimes Iphianassa) was a daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra in Greek mythology. ...

Numerous kurgans, or burial mounds, of the ancient Scythians are scattered across the Crimean steppes. Kurgan is a TÃ¼rkic word for tumulus, burial mound or barrow, heaped over a burial chamber, or a kurgan cenotaph. ... Alternate meanings of barrow: see Barrow_in_Furness for the town of Barrow in Cumbria, England; also Barrow, Alaska in the U.S.; also River Barrow in Ireland. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

The terrain that lies beyond the sheltering Yayla Mountains range is of an altogether different character. Here the narrow strip of coast and the slopes of the mountains are smothered with greenery. This "Russian Riviera" stretches along the southeast coast from Cape Sarych, in the extreme south, to Theodosia and is studded with summer sea-bathing resorts such as Alupka, Yalta, Gurzuf, Alushta, Sudak, and Theodosia. During the years of Soviet rule, the resorts and dachas of this coast served as the prime perquisites of the politically loyal. In this region are also vineyards and fruit orchards; fishing, mining, and the production of essential oils are also important. Numerous Crimean Tatar villages, mosques, monasteries, and palaces of the Russian imperial family and nobles are found here, as well as picturesque ancient Greek and medieval castles. Image File history File links Forros, Crimea, Ukraine. ... Image File history File links Forros, Crimea, Ukraine. ... Foros (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Crimean Tatar: Foros) is a resort town in Crimea, Ukraine. ... Alupka (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Crimean Tatar: ) is a resort town in Crimea, Ukraine, situated 17 km to the west of Yalta. ... Yalta (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Crimean Tatar: ) is a city in Crimea, southern Ukraine, on the north coast of the Black Sea. ... Gurzuf (Russian:Гурзу́ф) is a settlement on the Crimea peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea. ... Alushta, called Aluston in the Byzantine Empire, is a resort town in the Crimea, situated on the Black Sea on the road from Gurzuf to Sudak. ... Sudak is city in the Crimea. ... Theodosia (Russian: Ð¤ÐµÐ¾Ð´Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ñ; Ukrainian: Ð¤ÐµÐ¾Ð´Ð¾ÑÑ–Ñ; Greek: Î˜ÎµÎ¿Î´Ï‰ÏƒÎ¯Î±; Crimean Tatar/Turkish: Kefe) is a port and resort city in southern Ukraine, located on the Black Sea coast of Crimea at coordinates 45. ... Motto: ÐŸÑ€Ð¾Ð»ÐµÑ‚Ð°Ñ€Ð¸Ð¸ Ð²ÑÐµÑ… ÑÑ‚Ñ€Ð°Ð½, ÑÐ¾ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð½ÑÐ¹Ñ‚ÐµÑÑŒ! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) (Russian: Workers of the world, unite!) Anthem: The Internationale (1922-1944) Hymn of the Soviet Union (1944-1991) Capital (and largest city) Moscow None; Russian de facto Government Federation of Soviet Republics - Last President Mikhail Gorbachev - Last Premier Ivan Silayev Establishment October Revolution - Declared... Dacha of Boris Pasternak in Peredelkino. ... For Crimean Tatar ethos see Crimean Tatars For Crimean Tatar language and alphabet see Crimean Tatar language ... The Masjid al-Haram in Mecca as it exists today A mosque is a place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith. ... Monastery of St. ... The quintessential medieval European palace: Palais de la CitÃ©, in Paris, the royal palace of France. ...

Crimea contains the longest (96 km) trolleybus route in the world, from Simferopol to Yalta. Å koda 14 Tr trolleybus in Vilnius A trolleybus (also known as electric bus, trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tram or simply trolley) is a bus powered by two overhead electric wires, from which it draws electricity using two trolley poles. ...

The city of Sevastopol is located within the republic, but has a special municipality status in Ukraine. now. ... Ukraine is subdivided into 24 oblasts (Ukrainian singular: область, oblast; plural області, oblasti), one autonomous republic (автономна республіка, avtonomna respublika), and...

Economy

The main branches of the Crimean economy are tourism and agriculture. Industrial plants are situated for the most part in the northern regions of the republic.

Demographics

According to 2001 Ukrainian Census, the population of Crimea comprised the following self-reported ethnic groups: The first Ukrainian Census after the dissolution of the Soviet Union was carried out by State Statistics Committee of Ukraine on December 5, 2001, twelve years after the last All-Union census in 1989. ...

Other minorities are Black Sea Germans, Roma people, Poles, Azerbaijanis, Koreans and Greeks. The Crimean Tatars (QÄ±rÄ±mtatar (aka QÄ±rÄ±m, QÄ±rÄ±mlÄ± and QÄ±rÄ±m tÃ¼rkÃ¼), Pl. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... The Black Sea Germans (German: Schwarzmeerdeutsche) are ethnic Germans who left their homeland in the 18th and 19th centuries, and settled in territories of the northern bank of the Black Sea, mostly in southern Russia. ... This article is becoming very long. ...

Even though the Ukrainian language is the single official state language countrywide, and is therefore the sole language of government elsewhere in Ukraine, this does not apply in Crimea, where government business is still carried out in Russian. Limited attempts to expand the usage of Ukrainian in education and government affairs have so far been less successful in Crimea than in other largely Russophone areas of the nation. Another language widely spoken is Crimean Tatar. According to the census mentioned above 77% of Crimean inhabitants named Russian as their mother tongue, 11.4% - Crimean Tatar and 10.1% - Ukrainian. Ukrainian (ÑƒÐºÑ€Ð°Ñ—ÌÐ½ÑÑŒÐºÐ° Ð¼Ð¾ÌÐ²Ð°, ukrayinska mova, ) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. ... An official language is a language that is given a unique legal status in a country, state, or other territory. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... A Russophone (Russian: ) is literally a speaker of the Russian language either natively or by preference. ... Crimean Tatar language (QÄ±rÄ±mtatar tili, QÄ±rÄ±mtatarca), also known as Crimean (QÄ±rÄ±m tili, QÄ±rÄ±mca) and Crimean Turkish (QÄ±rÄ±m TÃ¼rkÃ§esi) is the language of the Crimean Tatars. ...

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