Prehistoric

A lance-shaped fluted Clovis point.

What is now Leon County was occupied by Paleoindians or Clovis culture 12,000 years ago (Upper Paleolithic period). These hunter-gatherer tribes lived in what is now Leon County near water sources where water was shared with animals such as Ancient bision, Mastodon, Ice Age camel, Giant ground sloth, Saber-toothed Tiger, Columbian Mammoth, Equus, Short-faced bear, and American lion. Image File history File links ClovisPoint. ... Image File history File links ClovisPoint. ... Leon County is a county located in the state of Florida. ... Paleo-Indians is an English term used to refer to the ancient peoples of America who were present at the end of the last Ice Age. ... The Clovis culture (also Llano culture) is a prehistoric Native American culture that first appears in the archaeological record of North America around 13,500 years ago, at the end of the last ice age. ... The Upper Paleolithic (or Upper Palaeolithic) is the third and last subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age as it is understood in Europe, Africa and Asia. ... Binomial name Bison antiquus Leidy, 1852 The Ancient Bison, Bison antiquus, was the most common large herbivore of the North American continent and is a direct ancestor of the living North American bison. ... A Mastodon skeleton in museum in Bismarck, North Dakota. ... Megatheriinae were a group of elephant-sized ground sloths that lived from 2 million to 8,000 years ago. ... Binomial name Smilodon populator Lund, 1842 Smilodon populator (the Smilodon that brings devastation) was a machairodontine saber-toothed cat species. ... The Columbian Mammoth (Mammuthus Columbi) is an extinct sub-species of elephant that inhabited the Great Plain of North America between 100,000 and 14,000 years ago. ... Equus is Latin for horse; it may refer to: Equus, the genus of horses and their close relatives. ... Arctodus, also known as the Short-Faced Bear, is a genus of extinct bear. ... Trinomial name Panthera leo atrox (Leidy, 1853) The American lion, also known as the North American or American cave lion, is an extinct feline known from fossils. ...

Archaic period

The Archaic cultures 10,000 BC-2500 BC, are divided in to Early, Middle, and Late for the southeastern North America and can be described as having a more humid climate. Sea level rose rapidly and water tables and ecosystems looked much like that of today. Population increased and people began settling in smaller territorial areas. People began using forms of triangular-shaped projectile points and it is thought that Indians switched from hand held spears to spear throwers to more easily bring down game, which for the most part, were the same species as contemporary animals. The cumulative effects of these changes led to increased regionalization as native peoples began adapting to specific local resources. In the Apalachee region this period is also known as the Norwood culture. Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... (Redirected from 2500 BC) (26th century BC - 25th century BC - 24th century BC - other centuries) (4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC) Events 2900 - 2334 BC -- Mesopotamian wars of the Early Dynastic period 2494 BC -- End of Fourth Dynasty, start of Fifth Dynasty in Egypt. ... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ...

Woodland period

The Woodland period 500 BC-1000 A.D. is characterized by certain styles of decoration and kinds of tempering agents of pottery vessels, burial of the deceased in mounds with elaborate grave goods. The Woodland period of North American pre-Columbian cultures lasted roughly from 1000 BCE to 1000 CE. The term Woodland was coined in the 1930s and refers to prehistoric sites between the Archaic period and the Mississippian cultures. ... (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) The 5th century BC started on January 1, 500 BC and ended on December 31, 401 BC. // Overview The Parthenon of Athens seen from the hill of the Pnyx to the west. ... // Events World Population 300 million. ... Unfired green ware pottery on a traditional drying rack at Conner Prairie living history museum. ...

Deptford culture

The Deptford culture 500 BC-200 A.D. was the first existence of the Woodland tradition in Florida. Mainly a coastal occupation though some people located inland. Ceramics were decorated and stamped. Pottery no longer tempered with plant fibers in favor of clay or sand pastes. (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) The 5th century BC started on January 1, 500 BC and ended on December 31, 401 BC. // Overview The Parthenon of Athens seen from the hill of the Pnyx to the west. ... For other uses, see number 200. ...

Swift Creek culture

The Swift Creek culture of 200 A.D.-400 A.D. Villages were first established in significant numbers in the interior forest and river valleys of the eastern Panhandle, although Swift Creek sites can also be found along the coast. Ceramics were characterized by complicated stamped pottery and are commonly found in the Red Hills Region, as delineated by Cooke. These sites are especially prevalent in the river valley forest and other fertile locales. Gardening probably played a role in the Swift Creek economic system, although evidence supporting cultivation remains sparse. Bone and stone tools appear in greater numbers in their tool kits than during the previous Deptford period. The Swift Creek culture was a Middle Woodland period archaeological culture in Georgia and Florida dating to around 100-500 AD. Swift Creek ceremonial practices and burial complex are referred to technically as the Yent-Green Point complex. ... For other uses, see number 200. ... Events First invasion of Italy by Alaric (probable date). ... The Red Hills Region is a unique 300,000-acre area located between Thomasville, Georgia and Tallahassee, Florida and from the Aucilla River to the Ochlockonee River on scenic private lands in the southeast United States. ...

Weeden Island culture

The Weeden Island culture 400 A.D-1000. Concentrated around lakes Lake Miccosukee and Lake Iamonia. Adoption of maize agriculture. Pottery was Weeden Island plain ware and Swift Creek Complicated Stamped. Events First invasion of Italy by Alaric (probable date). ... // Events World Population 300 million. ... Lake Iamonia, Leon County, Florida. ... Binomial name Zea mays L. Maize (Zea mays ssp. ...

Mississippian

From 1100-1500, the Mississippian culture thrived. The Lake Jackson Mounds site, a Mississippian mound-building complex was extremely active. It is more accurately a site of the Leon-Jefferson Culture, an advanced society of the Fort Walton Culture. Lake Jackson Mounds are located on the southwest edge of Lake Jackson in Tallahassee now the Lake Jackson Mounds Archaeological State Park and had a large village and plaza. This site was one of the most magnificent ceremonial centers in the southeastern United States. The region’s red hills with extremely fertile red clay soils enabled these inhabitants to grow bountiful crops. Events William II of England dies in a hunting accident - Henry I becomes King of England King Henry I proclaims the Charter of Liberties, one of the first examples of a constitution. ... 1500 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Mississippian culture was a mound-building Native American culture that flourished in the Midwestern, Eastern, and Southeastern United States from approximately 900 to 1500 CE, varying regionally. ... This article is about mound-building birds. ... Lake Jackson is a lake on the north side of Tallahassee in Leon County. ... Location Location in Leon County and the state of Florida. ... Lake Jackson Mounds State Archaeological Site is one of Floridas State Parks. ... The Red Hills Region is a unique 300,000-acre area located between Thomasville, Georgia and Tallahassee, Florida and from the Aucilla River to the Ochlockonee River on scenic private lands in the southeast United States. ...

16th century

Spanish Rule

Pánfilo de Narváez and his followers first passed south of Leon County in 1528. In 1539, Hernando de Soto stayed 5 months at the Apalachee Indian capitol of Anhaica bringing priests with him. The first Christmas in the New World was celebrated in the woods near the present capitol building. Pánfilo de Narváez Pánfilo de Narváez (1470 – 1528) was a Spanish conqueror and soldier in the Americas. ... Events June 19 - Battle of Landriano - A French army in Italy under Marshal St. ... Events May 30 - In Florida, Hernando de Soto lands at Tampa Bay with 600 soldiers with the goal to find gold. ... Hernando de Soto is a: Spanish explorer. ... Apalachee were an Indian tribe that lived in Florida. ... Anhaica (also known as Iviahica, Yniahico, and pueblo of Apalache) was an Apalachee Indian town and capital of Apalachee Province located near Myers Park in the present-day city of Tallahassee, Florida. ... Christmas is a Christian holiday held on December 25 which celebrates the birth of Jesus. ...

As more Spanish colonists arrived, they brought disease and fighting. This reduced the population of the Apalachee tribe who left the area for points west. In 1656, a Spanish deputy governor and his crew settled in the Apalachee town that they called Mission San Luis de Apalachee in west Tallahassee. With a population of more than 1400, the Spanish established one of several Franciscan missions there. While there, the Spaniards lived off the generosity of the Apalachee. At the same time, they tried to convert the Apalachee to the Catholic faith. // Events Mehmed Köprülü becomes Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire. ...

British Rule

Beiginning in 1700, the English looked upon Florida and its Spanish missions as getting too close to the English colonies. Raids began from South Carolina led by Governor James Moore and assisted on occasion Creek Indians raided and destroyed the Spanish mission chain, including San Luis in 1704. Events January 1 - Russia accepts Julian calendar. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification    - by Athelstan AD927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi   - Water (%) Population... Official language(s) English Capital Charleston(1670-1789) Columbia(1790-present) Largest city Columbia Largest metro area Greenville-Spartanburg Area  Ranked 40th  - Total 34,726 sq mi (82,965 km²)  - Width 200 miles (320 km)  - Length 260 miles (420 km)  - % water 6  - Latitude 32°430N to 35°12... Colonel James Moore was the British colonial governor of South Carolina between 1700 and 1703. ... The Creek are an American Indian people originally from the southeastern United States, also known by their original name Muscogee (or Muskogee), the name they use to identify themselves today. ... Events Building of the Students Monument in Aiud, Romania. ...

Tens of thousands of Apalachee Indians were carried off into slavery by Governor Moore, never to be heard from again. The Apalachee had adapted Spanish culture so well that when San Luis was burned, one could not separate the Apalachee bodies apart from the Spanish. The English brought with them Yamassee Indian allies from South Carolina, but 10 years later the English chased them out, so the Yamassee moved to St. Augustine and allied themselves with the Spanish. By 1705 the raids were over and the Seminole Indians developed their "fowl towns," a name derived from the raising of chickens. // Events Construction begins on Blenheim Palace, in Oxfordshire, England. ... The Seminole are a Native American Indian people, originally of Florida. ...

18th century

Second Spanish Rule

In 1795 what is now Leon County along with the rest of Florida fell back under the rule of Spain. Over the years there were attacks on Indian towns in Florida by settlers in Georgia and in return indians attacked settlers in Georgia prompting the 1817-1818 campaign by the United States Army and Andrew Jackson known as the First Seminole War. In 1818, Jackson invaded the small village of Miccosukee in what is now northeastern Leon County. 1795 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1817 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1818 (MDCCCXVIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Andrew Old Hickory Jackson (March 15, 1767– June 8, 1845) was the seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), first governor of Florida (1821), general of the Battle of New Orleans (1815), a co-founder of the Democratic Party, and the eponym of the era of Jacksonian democracy. ... Osceola, Seminole leader, detail from an 1838 lithograph The Seminole Wars were three wars or conflicts in Florida between the Seminole Native American tribe and the United States. ...

19th century

Territorial Florida

In 1821, Florida became a territory of the United States. Both St. Augustine and Pensacola competed to become the capital city. Legislators alternated sessions. Travel was hazardous and took almost twenty days. The coronation banquet for George IV 1821 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... St. ... Nickname: The City of Five Flags Location Location of the city within the state of Florida Government Country State County United States   Florida     Escambia Mayor John Fogg Geographical characteristics Area     City 102. ...

General Andrew Jackson served as military governor of the newly acquired territory and appointed two commissioners to find a suitable new location for the state capitol. One rode on horseback from St. Augustine and the other sailed by boat from Pensacola. They met at the port of St. Marks, Florida about 20 miles south of Tallahassee, halfway between St. Augustine and Pensacola. They discovered a place north of St. Marks. They reported, Andrew Old Hickory Jackson (March 15, 1767– June 8, 1845) was the seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), first governor of Florida (1821), general of the Battle of New Orleans (1815), a co-founder of the Democratic Party, and the eponym of the era of Jacksonian democracy. ... St. ... Location Location in Leon County and the state of Florida. ... St. ... Nickname: The City of Five Flags Location Location of the city within the state of Florida Government Country State County United States   Florida     Escambia Mayor John Fogg Geographical characteristics Area     City 102. ...

“A more beautiful country can scarcely be managed; it is high, rolling, and well watered, the richness of the soil renders it perfectly adapted to farming."

On March 30, 1822, the United States merged East Florida and part of West Florida into the Florida Territory. Originally part of Escambia and later Gadsden County, Leon County was created in 1824. It was named for the Juan Ponce de León, Spanish explorer who was the first European to reach Florida. 1822 (MDCCCXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Map of East and West Florida in 1810. ... Map of East and West Florida in the early 1800s. ... The Florida Territory was a historic organized territory of the United States from 1822 to 1845. ... Escambia County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida. ... Gadsden County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida. ... 1824 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Juan Ponce de León Juan Ponce de León (c. ... This list of explorers is sorted by surname. ... World map showing Europe Political map Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of Earth; the term continent here referring to a cultural and political distinction, rather than a physiographic one, thus leading to various perspectives about Europes precise borders. ...

Territorial Governors from Leon County

• Richard Keith Call served from 1836-1839 and 1841-1844. Though not a native, Call came to Florida in 1814 and was a land owner in Leon County as early as the 1820s. He established Orchard Pond Plantation and The Grove Plantation.
• John Branch served from 1844-1845. Also not a native, Branch moved to Leon County in the 1830s purchasing land on which he would establish Live Oak Plantation.

See also List of governors of Florida

Richard Keith Call (October 24, 1792 - September 14, 1862) was the third and fifth territorial governor of Florida. ... Charles Darwin 1836 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1839 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1841 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1844 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1814 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Events and Trends Nationalistic independence movements helped reshape the world during this decade: Greece declares independence from the Ottoman Empire (1821). ... Gov. ... 1844 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1845 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Events and Trends Electromagnetic induction discovered by Michael Faraday Dutch-speaking farmers known as Voortrekkers emigrate northwards from the Cape Colony Croquet invented in Ireland Railroad construction begins in earnest in the United States Egba refugees fleeing the Yoruba civil wars found the city of Abeokuta in south-west Nigeria... This is a list of Governors of Florida: Florida military governors (1)Andrew Jacksons official title was Commissioner of the United States. (2)Jackson left Florida on October 8, 1821. ...

The Plantations of Leon County

Leon County in the 1820s-1830s became a destination for a number of northern planters. Besides the afore mentioned R.K. Call and John Branch, names such as Francis W. Eppes, William Bailey, the Chaires brothers, the Bradford brothers, George T. Ward, and many others began large cotton plantations in Leon County. Events and Trends Nationalistic independence movements helped reshape the world during this decade: Greece declares independence from the Ottoman Empire (1821). ... Events and Trends Electromagnetic induction discovered by Michael Faraday Dutch-speaking farmers known as Voortrekkers emigrate northwards from the Cape Colony Croquet invented in Ireland Railroad construction begins in earnest in the United States Egba refugees fleeing the Yoruba civil wars found the city of Abeokuta in south-west Nigeria... Francis W. Eppes. ... A sugarcane plantation at Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, 2005 A plantation is a large tract of monoculture, as a tree plantation, a cotton plantation, a tea plantation or a tobacco plantation. ...

Main article: Plantations of Leon County

Second Seminole War

The Second Seminole War of 1835-1842 touched Leon County as it would most of Florida when family members and slaves of Green A. Chaires were massacred on his first plantation on Lake Lafayette. Osceola, Seminole leader, detail from an 1838 lithograph The Seminole Wars were three wars or conflicts in Florida between the Seminole Native American tribe and the United States. ... | Come and take it, slogan of the Texas Revolution 1835 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1842 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1837, the Tallahassee-St. Marks Railroad was completed linking Tallahassee to the Gulf port of St. Marks to the south. | Queen Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837 - 1901) 1837 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The Tallahassee-St. ... St. ...

Forts of Leon County

During the Seminole Wars, 5 forts were constructed for the protection of settlers.

• 1839-1842 - Fort Virginia Braden was named after the commander's wife who died of yellow fever. Fort Braden was located at Ft. Braden on the Ochlockonee River.
• 1840 - Fort Harriett near the head of the Sopchoppy River, 17 miles northwest of St. Marks.
• 1839-1842 - Fort Macomb or Fort Number One M was located 10 miles north of St. Marks.
• 1839 - Fort Number Two (M) was located on the St. Marks River just south of the unincorporated area of Rose, Florida.
• 1839 - Fort St. Augustine was located 9 miles northeast of Fort Macomb.

Early Statehood

On March 3, 1845, Florida joined the Union as the 27th state and Leon County became the capital county of Florida. 1845 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

Antebellum

During the 1850s-1860s, Leon County was a "cotton kingdom" and ranked 5th out of all of Florida and Georgia counties in the production of cotton from the 20 major plantations growing 200 bales or more. // Events and Trends Technology Production of steel revolutionised by invention of the Bessemer process Benjamin Silliman fractionates petroleum by distillation for the first time First transatlantic telegraph cable laid First safety elevator installed by Elisha Otis Science Charles Darwin publishes The Origin of Species, putting forward the theory of evolution... // Events and trends Technology The First Transcontinental Railroad in the United States is built in the six year period between 1863 and 1869. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Cotton ready for harvest. ...

Main article: Plantations of Leon County

The Civil War and Reconstruction

Florida seceded from the Union January 10, 1861 and took its place with the Confederacy. Leon County sent many of its men into battle as far north as Gettysburg. 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Motto: Deo Vindice (Latin: With God As Our Vindicator) Anthem: God Save the South (unofficial) Dixie (popular) The Bonnie Blue Flag (popular) Capital Montgomery, Alabama (February 4, 1861–May 29, 1861) Richmond, Virginia (May 29, 1861–April 2, 1865) Danville, Virginia (April 3–April 10, 1865) Largest city New Orleans... Gettysburg is a borough 38 miles (68 km) south by southwest of Harrisburg in Adams County, Pennsylvania, USA, of which it is the county seatGR6. ...

The only battle of the Civil War within Leon County took place on March 16, 1865 at the Battle of Natural Bridge with the small Confederate forces of around 1000 men including students from the West Florida Seminary (to be Florida State University) under Sam Jones going up against John Newton and his 2nd and 99th U.S. Colored Infantry units. “The Civil War” is the most common term for this conflict; see Naming the American Civil War. ... 1865 (MDCCCLXV) is a common year starting on Sunday. ... The Battle of Natural Bridge was a battle during the American Civil War, fought near Tallahassee, Florida on March 6, 1865. ... Sam Jones(Born:1820,in Virginia) was the Confederate commander of Department Florida,and South Georgia. ...

Main article: Leon County in the Civil War

The 1880s and 1890s

Leon County resident and cotton plantation owner William D. Bloxham served as Governor from 1881-1885 and took office again from 1897-1901. A sugarcane plantation at Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, 2005 A plantation is a large tract of monoculture, as a tree plantation, a cotton plantation, a tea plantation or a tobacco plantation. ... William Dunnington Bloxham (July 9, 1835 - March 15, 1911) was an American politician. ... 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) is a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

The Carrabelle, Tallahassee and Georgia Railroad

The Carrabelle, Tallahassee and Georgia Railroad began service during the 1880s with service from the Gulf coast to southern Georgia. The Augusta, Tallahassee and Gulf Railroad Company, originally the Thomasville, Tallahassee and Gulf Railroad Company, only built a short portion of its line. ...

20th Century

1900 throgh 1920

Florida Central Railroad

The Florida Central Railroad establishes a rail line in eastern Leon County.