NationMaster - Encyclopedia: History of New Jersey

The written history of New Jersey began with the exploration of the Jersey Coast by Giovanni da Verrazzano in 1524, though the region had been settled for millennia by Native Americans. At the time of European contact, the area was populated by tribes of Lenape. The New Jersey region soon came under the control of the Swedes and the Dutch resulting in a struggle in which the Dutch were victorious. However, the Dutch colony of New Netherland was seized by the English in 1664. New Jersey was one of the original 13 colonies that joined the American Revolutionary War in 1776. It signed the Articles of Confederation in 1779 with Princeton acting as the nation's capital for four months in 1783. New Jersey became independent after the American Revolutionary War, in which several crucial battles were fought in New Jersey resulting in American victories. In 1787, New Jersey was the third state to ratify the newly drafted United States Constitution.^[1] Image File history File links Flag_of_New_Jersey. ... Main article: History of New Jersey The colonial history of New Jersey began in 1609 with the discovery of Cape May by Sir Henry Hudson. ... Main article: History of New Jersey As the location of many major battles, New Jersey was pivotal in the American Revolution and the ultimate victory of the American colonists. ... Main article: History of New Jersey New Jersey in the Nineteenth Century lead the United States into the Industrial Revolution. ... Main article: History of New Jersey New Jersey in the Twentieth Century under went many changes through the century. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with History of New Jersey. ... The Jersey Shore is a colloquial term used in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States to refer to the Atlantic Ocean-facing coast of New Jersey, together with the adjacent resort and residential communities. ... Giovanni da Verrazzano (c. ... Native Americans are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States, including parts of Alaska. ... The Lenape or Lenni-Lenape (later named Delaware Indians by Europeans) were, in the 1600s, loosely organized bands of Native American peoples. ... Official language(s) None, English de facto Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Area Ranked 47th - Total 8,729 sq mi (22,608 kmÂ²) - Width 70 miles (110 km) - Length 150 miles (240 km) - % water 14. ... Map based on Adriaen Blocks 1614 expedition to New Netherland, featuring the first use of the name. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London (de facto) Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification - by Athelstan AD 927 Area - Total 130,395 kmÂ² (1st in UK) 50,346 sq mi Population - 2006 est. ... Combatants American Revolutionaries, France, Dutch Republic, Spain, American Indians Kingdom of Great Britain, German mercenaries, Loyalists, American Indians Commanders George Washington, Comte de Rochambeau, Nathanael Greene, Bernardo de GÃ¡lvez Sir William Howe, Sir Henry Clinton, Lord Cornwallis (more commanders) The American Revolutionary War (1775â€“1783), also known as the... The Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, commonly known as the Articles of Confederation, was the first governing document of the United States of America. ... Nassau Street, Princetons main street. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: Constitution of the United States of America Page one of the original copy of the Constitution. ...

In the nineteenth century, New Jersey cities led the nation into the Industrial Revolution and provided soldiers for many of the wars the United States fought, including 88,000 soldiers for the American Civil War. The state became a component of the Underground Railroad. The state's transportation system continued to improve with the construction of canals and more rail lines that helped industrialization further develop. During the early 1900s, New Jersey prospered but weakened in the Great Depression in the 1930s. During World War II and the Cold War New Jersey's shipyards and military bases played an important role in the defense of the United States. In the 1960s New Jersey was the site of several race riots and of the Glassboro Summit Conference, between American President Lyndon Johnson and Soviet Premier Aleksei Kosygin.
A Watt steam engine. ... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Great Depression was a worldwide economic downturn which started in October of 1929 and lasted through most of the 1930s. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ... Glassboro highlighted in Gloucester County. ... Lyndon Baines Johnson (August 27, 1908–January 22, 1973), often referred to as LBJ, was an American politician. ... Aleksey Nikolayevich Kosygin (Алексе́й Никола́евич Косы́гин) (1904 - December 18, 1980) was a politician and administrator in the Soviet Union. ...

Prehistory

Around 180 million years ago, during the Jurassic Period, New Jersey bordered North Africa. The pressure of the collision between North America and Africa gave rise to the Appalachian Mountains. During this period, Pangaea broke apart into Laurasia and Gondwana, and the North American continent became separated from the North African continent. Around 18,000 years ago, the Ice Age resulted in glaciers that reached New Jersey. As the glaciers retreated, they left behind Lake Passaic, as well as many rivers, swamps, and gorges.^[2] The Jurassic period is a major unit of the geologic timescale that extends from about 195 million years BP at the end of the Triassic to 135 million years BP at the beginning of the Cretaceous. ... Northern Africa (UN subregion) geographic, including above North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent, generally divided by the formidable barrier of the Sahara from Sub-Saharan Africa. ... A rainy day in the Great Smoky Mountains, Western North Carolina The Appalachian Mountains (French: les Appalaches) are a vast system of North American mountains mostly in the United States, and partly in Canada, forming a zone, from 100 to 300 miles wide, running from the island of Newfoundland some... Map of Pangaea Pangaea or Pangea (derived from Î Î±Î³Î³Î±Î¯Î±, Greek meaning all earth) is the name given to the supercontinent that existed during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras about 250 million years ago, before the process of plate tectonics separated each of the component continents into their current configuration. ... Laurasia was a supercontinent that most recently existed as a part of the split of the Pangaean supercontinent in the late Mesozoic era. ... Gondwanaland redirects here. ... Variations in CO2, temperature and dust from the Vostok ice core over the last 400 000 years For the animated movie, see Ice Age (movie). ... A glacier is a large, long-lasting river of ice that is formed on land and moves in response to gravity and undergoes internal deformation. ... Glacial Lake Passaic was prehistoric proglacial lake that existed in northern New Jersey in the United States at the end of the last ice age approximately 13,000 years ago. ...

New Jersey was first settled by a Native American group known as the Lenni-Lenape, but called the Delaware Indians by European settlers. The Lenape were loosely organized groups that practiced small-scale agriculture (mainly based on corn) in order to increase their largely mobile hunter-gatherer society in the region surrounding the Delaware River, the lower Hudson River, and western Long Island Sound. The Lenape society was divided into matrilinear clans that were based upon common female ancestors. These clans were organized into three distinct phratries identified by their animal sign: Turtle, Turkey, and Wolf. They first encountered the Dutch in the early 1600s, and their primary relationship with the Europeans was through fur trade. Native Americans are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States, including parts of Alaska. ... The Lenape or Lenni-Lenape (later named Delaware Indians by Europeans) were, in the 1600s, loosely organized bands of Native American peoples. ... Corn redirects here. ... The Delaware River is a river on the Atlantic coast of the United States. ... The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk in Mahican, is a river that runs through the eastern portion of New York State and, along its southern terminus, demarcates the border between the states of New York and New Jersey. ... New York City waterways: 1. ... Matrilineality is a system in which one belongs to ones mothers lineage; it may also involve the inheritance of property or titles through the female line. ... A phratry (Greek Ï†ÏÎ±Ï„ÏÎ¯Î±, brotherhood, kinfolk, derived from Ï†ÏÎ±Ï„Î®Ï - brother, see also frater) is an anthropological term for a kinship division consisting of two or more distinct clans which are considered a single unit, but which retain separate indentities within the phratry. ... blue: sea turtles, black: land turtles Suborders Cryptodira Pleurodira See text for families. ... Wolf Wolf Man Mount Wolf Wolf Prizes Wolf Spider Wolf 424 Wolf 359 Wolf Point Wolf-herring Frank Wolf Friedrich Wolf Friedrich August Wolf Hugo Wolf Johannes Wolf Julius Wolf Max Franz Joseph Cornelius Wolf Maximilian Wolf Rudolf Wolf Thomas Wolf As Name Wolf Breidenbach Wolf Hirshorn Other The call... An Alberta fur trader in the 1890s. ...

Colonial history

In 1524, Giovanni da Verrazzano, sailing in the service of France, explored the Jersey Coast.^[3] New Jersey's Cape May was discovered in 1609 by Sir Henry Hudson in the service of the Dutch East India Company.^[4] Captain Cornelius Jacobsen Mey, a Dutch explorer, also explored the New Jersey and Delaware Bay area. Cape May was named after Mey, as were the town and county of the same name. Main article: History of New Jersey The colonial history of New Jersey began in 1609 with the discovery of Cape May by Sir Henry Hudson. ... Giovanni da Verrazzano (c. ... The Jersey Shore is a colloquial term used in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States to refer to the Atlantic Ocean-facing coast of New Jersey, together with the adjacent resort and residential communities. ... The Cape May Point Beach, NJ Cape May is the northern cape of Delaware Bay along the Atlantic coast of the United States. ... . No portrait of Hudson is known to be in existence. ... Dutch colonial possessions, with the Dutch East India Company possessions marked in a paler green, surrounding the Indian Ocean plus Saint Helena in the mid-Atlantic. ... Cornelis Jacobsz May, sometimes spelled Mey or Meij was a Dutch explorer, captain and fur trader, and namesake of Cape May, Cape May County, and the city of Cape May, New Jersey, so named first in 1620. ... Delaware Bay Delaware Bay is a large esturarial inlet of the Atlantic Ocean at the mouth of the Delaware River along the coast of the United States. ... Cape May City highlighted in Cape May County. ... Cape May County is a county located in the state of New Jersey. ...

New Netherland

Much of New Jersey was claimed by the Dutch before the arrival of the British. The Dutch colony of New Netherland consisted of parts of modern New York and New Jersey. Although the European principle of land ownership was not recognized by the Lenape, Dutch policy required formal purchase of all land settled upon, and the first such purchase was of Manhattan, by Peter Minuit. The first settlement on land that was to become modern New Jersey was at Pavonia (now Jersey City) in 1629.^[5] The last Dutch governor was Peter Stuyvesant, who was unpopular with his subjects because he tried to restrict religious freedom: the Flushing Remonstrance of 1657 objected to his ban on Quakers as an infringement on the residents as Christians and as Dutch citizens. Stuyvesant used military coercion in order to accomplish some of his goals, which only made him more disliked. At New Netherland's height, 6,000 inhabitants resided in the colony.^[6] Map based on Adriaen Blocks 1614 expedition to New Netherland, featuring the first use of the name. ... NY redirects here. ... The Borough of Manhattan, highlighted in yellow, lies between the East River and the Hudson River. ... Peter Minuit (1580â€“August 5, 1638) was a Dutch Walloon from Wesel, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, then part of the Duchy of Cleves. ... Flag Location Location of Jersey City within New Jersey. ... The skyline of Jersey City, as seen from Lower New York Bay. ... Peter Stuyvesant circa 1660 Peter Stuyvesant (circa 1600 â€“ August 1672) served as the last Dutch Director-General of the colony of New Netherland from 1647 until it was ceded provisionally to the English in 1664. ... The Flushing Remonstrance, considered by many to be in some ways a precursor to the United States Constitutions provision on freedom of religion in the Bill of Rights, was signed on December 27, 1657 in Flushing, at the time part of the Dutch colony of New Netherland (now part... The Religious Society of Friends (commonly known as Quakers) is a Christian religious denomination that began in England in the 17th century by people who were dissatisfied with the existing denominations and sects of Christianity. ... This article is about the religous people known as Christians. ...

New Sweden

In addition, part of southwestern New Jersey was settled by the Swedes by the mid-1600s.^[7] New Sweden, founded in 1638, rose to its height under governor Johan Björnsson Printz (1643-1653). Led by Printz, the settlement extended as far north as Fort Christina, on both sides of the Delaware River. He helped to improve the military and commercial status of the colony by constructing Fort Nya Elfsborg, near present-day Salem on the east side of the Delaware. This action prevented the river from being easily taken by the English and Dutch, who were also trying to expand into the New World. The Swedish and Finnish colonists generally lived in peace with their Dutch and Lenape neighbors. Under the last governor of New Sweden, Johan Rising, the Swedes captured Fort Casimir (now New Castle, Delaware), which was close to Fort Christina and later named Fort Trinity by the Swedes. New Sweden, or Nya Sverige, was a small Swedish settlement along the Delaware River on the Mid-Atlantic coast of North America. ... New Sweden, or Nya Sverige, was a small Swedish settlement along the Delaware River on the Mid-Atlantic coast of North America. ... Johan Printz, Governor of New Sweden Johan BjÃ¶rnsson Printz (1592-1663) was governor from 1643 until 1653 of the Swedish colony of New Sweden on the Delaware River in North America. ... Fort Christina was the first Swedish settlement in North America and the principal settlement of the New Sweden colony. ... The Delaware River is a river on the Atlantic coast of the United States. ... Fort Nya Elfsborg was a Swedish settlement in North America and part of the New Sweden colony. ... The City of Salem highlighted in Salem County. ... Johan Rising was the last governor of the Swedish colony of New Sweden in Delaware. ... Old New Castle Courthouse. ...

This action provoked a furious Governor Stuyvesant, who, in revenge, sent seven armed Dutch ships and 317 soldiers to the Delaware River the next summer. Realizing it was hopeless, the outnumbered Swedes surrendered Fort Trinity, and surrendered Fort Christina two weeks later. In 1655, the Dutch completely took over these lands and annexed them to New Netherland.

Province

From the colony of New Netherland, the Dutch interfered with Britain's transatlantic trade with its North American colonies. Insisting that John Cabot had been the first to discover North America, the British granted the land that now encompasses New Jersey to the Duke of York, who ordered Colonel Richard Nicolls to take over the area. In September 1664, a British fleet under Nicolls' command sailed into what is now New York Harbor and seized the colony. The British encountered little resistance, perhaps due to the unpopularity of the Dutch governor, Peter Stuyvesant.^[8] After capturing the colony, Nicolls became deputy-governor of New Amsterdam and the rest of New Netherland, and guaranteed colonists' property rights, laws of inheritance, and the enjoyment of religious freedom. New Netherland was renamed New Jersey (after the English Channel Island of Jersey on which Charles II of England was proclaimed king in 1649) and New Amsterdam was renamed New York (after the Duke of York). The Province of New Jersey was an English colony that existed within the boundaries of the current U.S. state of New Jersey prior to the American Revolution. ... The term transatlantic refers to something occurring all the way across the Atlantic Ocean. ... Giovanni Caboto (c. ... The title Duke of York is a title of nobility in the British peerage. ... Colonel (IPA: or ) is a military rank of a commissioned officer, with the corresponding ranks existing in nearly every country in the world. ... Richard Nicolls (born 1624 in Ampthill, Bedfordshire; died May 28, 1672 on the North Sea, off Suffolk) was the first American colonial governor of New York. ... New York Harbor, a geographic term, refers collectively to the rivers, bays, and tidal estuaries near the mouth of the Hudson River in the vicinity of New York City. ... Peter Stuyvesant circa 1660 Peter Stuyvesant (circa 1600 â€“ August 1672) served as the last Dutch Director-General of the colony of New Netherland from 1647 until it was ceded provisionally to the English in 1664. ... New Amsterdam (Dutch: Nieuw Amsterdam) was the name of the 17th century town which grew outside of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island in the New Netherland territory (1614â€“1674) which was situated between 38 and 42 degrees latitude as a provincial extension of the Dutch Republic since 1624. ... Freedom of religion is the individuals right or freedom to hold whatever religious beliefs he or she wishes, or none at all. ... Satellite view of the English Channel The English Channel (French: La Manche (IPA: ), the sleeve) is the part of the Atlantic Ocean that separates the island of Great Britain from northern France and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic. ... Charles II (29 May 1630 â€“ 6 February 1685) was the King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland from 30 January 1649 (de jure) or 29 May 1660 (de facto) until his death. ... New Amsterdam (Dutch: Nieuw Amsterdam) was the name of the 17th century town which grew outside of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island in the New Netherland territory (1614â€“1674) which was situated between 38 and 42 degrees latitude as a provincial extension of the Dutch Republic since 1624. ... Nickname: Big Apple, Gotham, NYC, City That Never Sleeps, The Concrete Jungle, The City So Nice They Named It Twice Location in the state of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York Boroughs The Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island Settled 1676 Government - Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Area...

Charles II gave the region between New England and Maryland to his brother, the Duke of York (later King James II), as a proprietary colony. Later James granted the land between the Hudson River and the Delaware River that would become New Jersey to two friends who had been loyal to him through the English Civil War: Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton. The two proprietors of New Jersey tried to entice more settlers to New Jersey by granting land to settlers and by passing Concession and Agreement, a document granting religious freedom to all inhabitants of New Jersey; the British Church of England allowed no such religious freedom. In return for land, settlers paid annual fees known as quitrents. The proprietors appointed Philip Carteret as the first governor of New Jersey, who designated Elizabethtown as the colony's capital.^[9] However, the two proprietors found collecting the quitrents difficult, and on March 18, 1673 Berkeley sold his share of New Jersey to the Quakers.^[10]^[11] The Provinces of East Jersey and West Jersey. ... The Provinces of East Jersey and West Jersey. ... This article is about the region in the United States of America. ... Official language(s) None (English, de facto) Capital Annapolis Largest city Baltimore Area Ranked 42nd - Total 12,417 sq mi (32,160 kmÂ²) - Width 90 miles (145 km) - Length 249 miles (400 km) - % water 21 - Latitude 37Â°53N to 39Â°43N - Longitude 75Â°4W to 79Â°33... James II of England/VII of Scotland (14 October 1633 â€“ 16 September 1701) became King of Scots, King of England, and King of Ireland on 6 February 1685, and Duke of Normandy on 31 December 1660. ... A proprietary colony is a colony in which the king gave land to one or more people called proprietors. ... The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk in Mahican, is a river that runs through the eastern portion of New York State and, along its southern terminus, demarcates the border between the states of New York and New Jersey. ... The Delaware River is a river on the Atlantic coast of the United States. ... The English Civil War consisted of a series of armed conflicts and political machinations that took place between Parliamentarians (known as Roundheads) and Royalists (known as Cavaliers) between 1642 and 1651. ... Sir George Carteret, 1st Baronet (c. ... Sir William Berkeley (pronounced bark-lee) (1605-July 9, 1677) was a Governor of Virginia, appointed by King Charles I, of whom he was a favorite. ... Concession and Agreement was a document that provided religious freedom in the colony of New Jersey. ... The Church of England is the officially established Christian church[1] in England, and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion, as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion. ... Philip Carteret was the first governor of New Jersey. ... Map of Elizabeth in Union County Union County Court House Elizabeth is a City in Union County, New Jersey, in the United States. ... March 18 is the 77th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (78th in leap years). ... 1673 (MDCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... The Religious Society of Friends (commonly known as Quakers) is a Christian religious denomination that began in England in the 17th century by people who were dissatisfied with the existing denominations and sects of Christianity. ...

This sale divided the province into East Jersey and West Jersey. The exact border between West and East Jersey generally corresponded to the border between present day South and North Jersey and was created by George Keith. However, the line was constantly the subject of disputes. With the 1676 Quintipartite Deed more accurate surveys and maps were made resulting in the Thornton line, drawn around 1696, and the Lawrence line, drawn around 1743, which was adopted as the final line for legal purposes. The original provinces of West and East New Jersey are shown in yellow and green respectively. ... The original provinces of West and East New Jersey are shown in yellow and green respectively. ... New Jersey was formally separated into two provinces, West Jersey and East Jersey, and for the 28 years between 1674 and 1702. ... The original provinces of West and East New Jersey are shown in yellow and green respectively. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Metropolitan statistical areas and divisions of New Jersey; counties shaded in blue hues are in the New York City metro; counties shaded in green hues are in the Philadelphia metro. ... George Keith, was born in 1638/9 in Peterhead, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, to a Presbyterian family and received an M.A. from the University of Aberdeen. ... The original provinces of West and East New Jersey are shown in yellow and green respectively. ...

Many of the colonists of New Jersey became farmers. However, despite the fertility of the soil, farmers were forced to struggle due to the dearth of English money. Some owned slaves or had indentured servants work for them. The majority of the colonists lived in simple log cabins, coming from the original Dutch settlers. Since New Jersey was ideally located next to the Atlantic Ocean, colonists farmed, fished, and traded by sea. Transportation was slow and difficult usually on either foot or horseback. Education came through small religious schools, private academies, or tutors. This article concerns British coinage, the coinage of the United Kingdom. ... The Buxton Memorial Fountain, celebrating the emancipation of slaves in the British Empire in 1834, London. ... An Indentured Servant (or in the U.S. bonded labourer) is a labourer under contract to work for an employer for a specific amount of time, usually seven to eight years, to pay off a passage to a new country or home. ...

On April 15, 1702, under the reign of Queen Anne, West and East Jersey were reunited as a royal colony. Edward Hyde, Lord Cornbury became the first governor of the colony as a royal colony. Lord Cornbury was an ineffective and corrupt ruler, taking bribes and speculating on land, so in 1708 he was recalled to England. New Jersey was then ruled by the governors of New York, but this infuriated the settlers of New Jersey, who accused those governors of favoritism to New York. Judge Lewis Morris led the case for a separate governor, and was appointed governor by King George II in 1738.^[12] From 1701 to 1765, New Jersey's border with New York was in dispute, resulting in a series of skirmishes and raids. April 15 is the 105th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (106th in leap years). ... Events March 8 - William III died; Princess Anne Stuart becomes Queen Anne of England, Scotland and Ireland. ... Anne (6 February 1665 â€“ 1 August 1714) became Queen of England and Ireland and Queen of Scots on 8 March 1702. ... A royal colony is one that is under direct control of the king. ... Edward Hyde may refer to several different people, including: Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon (1609-1674), English historian and statesman Edward Hyde (c. ... NY redirects here. ... Lewis Morris (October 15, 1671 - May 21, 1746), chief justice of New York and British governor of New Jersey, was the first lord of the manor of Morrisania in New York. ... George II (George Augustus; 10 November 1683 â€“ 25 October 1760) was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-LÃ¼neburg (Hanover) and Archtreasurer and Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 until his death. ... The New York/New Jersey Line War also NJ Line War refers to a series of skirmishes and raids that took place for over half a century between 1701 and 1765 at the disputed border between New York and New Jersey. ...

In 1746 The College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) was founded in Elizabethtown by a group of Great Awakening "New Lighters" that included Jonathan Dickinson, Aaron Burr, Sr. and Peter Van Brugh Livingston. In 1756 the school moved to Princeton. Princeton University is a coeducational private university located in Princeton, New Jersey, in the United States of America. ... The First Great Awakeningwas a religious movement among Americancolonial Protestants in the 1730s to 1740s. ... For the author of the Journal relating shipwreck and captivity by Indians in Florida and later mayor of Philadelphia, see Jonathan Dickinson. ... The Reverend Aaron Burr (January 4, 1716(?) - September 24, 1757) was a notable divine and educator in colonial America. ... Peter Van Brugh Livingston (1710-1792) was a Whig supporter preceding the American Revolution. ...

American Revolution

New Jersey was one of the original thirteen colonies that joined in the struggle for independence from Great Britain. Many of the New Jersey settlers still felt ties of loyalty to the British crown, and many slaves sided with the British in exchange for freedom.^[13] The loyalists included the governor of New Jersey, William Franklin. Main article: History of New Jersey As the location of many major battles, New Jersey was pivotal in the American Revolution and the ultimate victory of the American colonists. ... John Trumbulls Declaration of Independence, showing the five-man committee in charge of drafting the Declaration in 1776 as it presents its work to the Second Continental Congress The American Revolution refers to the period during the last half of the 18th century in which the Thirteen Colonies that... Britannia gives a heros welcome to returning American Loyalists. ... The Buxton Memorial Fountain, celebrating the emancipation of slaves in the British Empire in 1834, London. ... William Franklin (1731-1813) William Franklin (1731 â€“ November 16, 1813) was the last Colonial Governor of New Jersey. ...

On July 2, 1776, the first Constitution of New Jersey was drafted, creating a basic framework for the state government. The New Jersey Constitution of 1776 allowed "all inhabitants of this Colony, of full age, who are worth fifty pounds proclamation money" to vote, including nonwhites and widows; married women could not own property under the common law. The Constitution declared itself temporary and to be void if there was reconciliation with Great Britain.^[14] Both political parties in elections mocked the other for relying on "petticoat electors" for allowing women to vote. Only two days after the new constitution was enacted, on July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was endorsed by five representatives from New Jersey. Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... The original Wikisource logo. ... July 2 is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 182 days remaining. ... Year 1776 (MDCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... The Constitution of the State of New Jersey is the basic governing document of the State of New Jersey. ... This article is the current N.J. Collaboration of the Week. ... This article concerns the common-law legal system, as contrasted with the civil law legal system; for other meanings of the term, within the field of law, see common law (disambiguation). ... For the United States holiday, the Fourth of July, see Independence Day (United States). ... Year 1776 (MDCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... U.S. Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence is the document in which the Thirteen Colonies declared themselves independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain and explained their justifications for doing so. ...

New Jersey is referred to as the "Crossroads of the Revolution" because the British and Continental armies fought several crucial battles there.^[15] Throughout the war 296 engagements occurred in New Jersey, more than in any other colony. Four major battles were fought at Trenton, Princeton, Monmouth, and Springfield. The Battles of Trenton and Princeton are collectively referred to as the Ten Crucial Days because these desperately needed victories bolstered the morale of the nation. Combatants Continental Army a Hessian Brigade Commanders George Washington Johann Rallâ€ Strength 6,000 1,400 Casualties 5 dead 2 wounded 23 dead, 92 wounded 913 captured This article is about the Battle of Trenton which took place on December 26, 1776. ... Combatants United States Great Britain Commanders George Washington, Hugh Mercerâ€ , John Hasletâ€ Charles Cornwallis, Charles Mawhood Strength 4,600 1,200 (Rearguard of main force) Casualties 30 dead (including General Mercer and Colonel Haslet) 75 wounded 18 dead, 58 wounded, 200 captured The Battle of Princeton was a battle of... Combatants United States Great Britain Commanders George Washington Henry Clinton Strength 13,462 13,059 Casualties 152 killed, 300 wounded, Total: 452 190 killed, 390 wounded, 576 captured, Total: 1,156 The Battle of Monmouth was an American Revolutionary War battle fought in New Jersey on June 28, 1778, that... Combatants United States Great Britain Hessians Commanders Nathanael Greene Wilhelm von Knyphausen Strength 2,050 6,000 Casualties 15 killed, 40 wounded 25â€“50 or more killed {Note the appendix to The Hessians gives possible casualites estimates as being 25 killed, 75 wounded} The Battle of Springfield was a battle...

On Christmas night of 1776, the Continental Army, commanded by General George Washington, made the famous crossing of the Delaware River. The scene was immortalized in Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze's painting Washington Crossing the Delaware,^[16] and displayed on the New Jersey State Quarter. In the Battle of Trenton which followed the crossing, the American soldiers surprised the Hessians, capturing nearly 900 prisoners in 90 minutes and taking supplies that had been for the British army. After the victory, George Washington led the army back across the Delaware River into Pennsylvania. Download high resolution version (950x558, 918 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: American Revolutionary War Emanuel Leutze George Washington Delaware River Washington Crossing the Delaware Categories: U.S. history images ... Download high resolution version (950x558, 918 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: American Revolutionary War Emanuel Leutze George Washington Delaware River Washington Crossing the Delaware Categories: U.S. history images ... Washington Crossing the Delaware is an 1851 oil-on-canvas painting by Emanuel Leutze. ... Christmas is an annual holiday that marks the birth of Jesus Christ of Nazareth. ... Illustration depicting uniforms and weapons used during the 1779 to 1783 period of the American Revolution by showing four soldiers standing in an informal group General George Washington, was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army on June 15, 1775. ... George Washington (February 22, 1732â€“December 14, 1799)[1] led Americas Continental Army to victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775â€“1783), and was later elected the first President of the United States. ... The Delaware River is a river on the Atlantic coast of the United States. ... Washington Crossing the Delaware Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze (May 24, 1816-July 18, 1868) was a German-born American painter. ... Washington Crossing the Delaware is an 1851 oil-on-canvas painting by Emanuel Leutze. ... Obverse of redesigned quarter The 50 State Quarters program is the release of a series of commemorative coins by the United States Mint. ... Combatants Continental Army a Hessian Brigade Commanders George Washington Johann Rallâ€ Strength 6,000 1,400 Casualties 5 dead 2 wounded 23 dead, 92 wounded 913 captured This article is about the Battle of Trenton which took place on December 26, 1776. ... The term Hessian refers to the inhabitants of the German state of Hesse. ... Official language(s) English, Pennsylvania Dutch Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area Ranked 33rd - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 kmÂ²) - Width 280 miles (455 km) - Length 160 miles (255 km) - % water 2. ...

A few days later, British General Charles Cornwallis hoped to engage Washington's army at Trenton after Washington recrossed the Delaware River, resulting in the Second Battle of Trenton. After recapturing Trenton, he ordered charges on fortified defenses at Assunpink Creek. The Americans inflicted heavy casualties on the British from their defenses. Later, the Continental army slipped past Cornwallis’s stalled army and launched an attack on British soldiers stationed at Princeton in the Battle of Princeton on January 3, 1777. The British at Princeton were forced to surrender. Cornwallis immediately ordered his army to engage the Americans at Princeton, but was prevented by snipers. These victories forced the British to leave New Jersey. Lord Cornwallis redirects here. ... Nickname: Trent, T-Town Location of Trenton inside of Mercer County Coordinates: Country United States State New Jersey County Mercer County Founded circa 1719 Mayor Douglas H. Palmer Area - City 21. ... The Second Battle of Trenton took place on January 2, 1777 during the American Revolutionary War. ... Assunpink Creek is a tributary of the Delaware River in western New Jersey in the United States. ... Nassau Street, Princetons main street. ... Combatants United States Great Britain Commanders George Washington, Hugh Mercerâ€ , John Hasletâ€ Charles Cornwallis, Charles Mawhood Strength 4,600 1,200 (Rearguard of main force) Casualties 30 dead (including General Mercer and Colonel Haslet) 75 wounded 18 dead, 58 wounded, 200 captured The Battle of Princeton was a battle of... January 3 is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1777 (MDCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ...

On June 28, 1778, the Continental Army under George Washington met a British column under Sir Henry Clinton at the Battle of Monmouth. Washington hoped to surprise and overwhelm the rear of the British army. General Charles Lee led the American attack on the British rear but retreated prematurely when the British attempted to flank the Americans. The retreat nearly led to disorder, but Washington managed to rally the troops to withstand two British counterattacks, both of which failed. As temperatures increased to over 100^o Fahrenheit, many soldiers fell to sunstroke. After the battle, Charles Lee was court-martialed for his poor command. Over 1,000 British casualties were incurred while the Americans lost 452 men. It was during this battle that the legendary "Molly Pitcher" is said to have fought.^[17] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1514x1112, 326 KB) Summary en:Molly Pitcher from Library of Congress PITCHER, MOLLY [i. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1514x1112, 326 KB) Summary en:Molly Pitcher from Library of Congress PITCHER, MOLLY [i. ... Molly Pitcher depicted in 1859 engraving Molly Pitcher was a nickname given to a woman who may have fought in the American Revolutionary War. ... A small cannon on a carriage, Bucharest. ... June 28 is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 186 days remaining. ... 1778 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... George Washington (February 22, 1732â€“December 14, 1799)[1] led Americas Continental Army to victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775â€“1783), and was later elected the first President of the United States. ... General Sir Henry Clinton K.B. Commander-in-Chief of British troops in America. ... Combatants United States Great Britain Commanders George Washington Henry Clinton Strength 13,462 13,059 Casualties 152 killed, 300 wounded, Total: 452 190 killed, 390 wounded, 576 captured, Total: 1,156 The Battle of Monmouth was an American Revolutionary War battle fought in New Jersey on June 28, 1778, that... Charles Lee Charles Lee (1732â€“1782) was a British soldier turned Virginia planter who was a Major General of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War. ... Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after the German physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686â€“1736), who proposed it in 1724. ... Hyperthermia is an acute condition resulting from excessive exposure to heat, it is also known as heat stroke or sunstroke. ... Molly Pitcher depicted in 1859 engraving Molly Pitcher was a nickname given to a woman who may have fought in the American Revolutionary War. ...

The last major battle to take place in New Jersey during the Revolutionary War (and for the rest of the history of New Jersey) was the Battle of Springfield. Baron von Knyphausen, the Hessian general, hoped to invade New Jersey and expected support from colonists of New Jersey who were tired of the war. He hoped to secure Hobart Gap, from which he could attack the American headquarters in Morristown. On June 23, 1780, the British attacked soldiers under the command of Nathanael Greene. General Greene successfully stopped a two-pronged attack from entrenchments held across the Raritan River, preventing the British invasion. Combatants United States Great Britain Hessians Commanders Nathanael Greene Wilhelm von Knyphausen Strength 2,050 6,000 Casualties 15 killed, 40 wounded 25â€“50 or more killed {Note the appendix to The Hessians gives possible casualites estimates as being 25 killed, 75 wounded} The Battle of Springfield was a battle... General Wilhelm von Knyphausen (1716 â€“ 1800), Hessian mercenary officer during the American Revolutionary War. ... New Jersey State Highway 24 is a state highway in New Jersey, United States. ... Nickname: Military Capital of the Revolution Location of Morristown in Morris County (L); Location of Morris County in New Jersey (R) Coordinates: Country United States State New Jersey County Morris Founded 1715 Incorporated 1865 Mayor Donald Cresitello (D; term ends December 31, 2009. ... June 23 is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 191 days remaining. ... 1780 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Charles Willson Peale painted a portrait of General Greene from life in 1783, which was then copied several times by C.W. Peale and his son, Rembrandt Peale. ... The Raritan River is a major river of central New Jersey in the United States. ...

New Jersey ratified and then signed the Articles of Confederation on November 26, 1779. In the summer of 1783, the Continental Congress met in Nassau Hall of Princeton University. It had originally convened in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, but mutinous troops prevented the meeting from taking place. Princeton became the temporary capital for the nation for four months. During the brief stay in Princeton, the Continental Congress was informed of the end of the war by the signing of the Treaty of Paris on September 3, 1783. On December 18, 1787, New Jersey became the third state to ratify the Constitution, and on November 20, 1789, New Jersey became the first state in the Nation to ratify the Bill of Rights. The Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, commonly known as the Articles of Confederation, was the first governing document of the United States of America. ... November 26 is the 330th day (331st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1779 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Princeton University is a coeducational private university located in Princeton, New Jersey, in the United States of America. ... Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Area - City 369. ... Painting by Benjamin West depicting (from left to right) John Jay, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Henry Laurens, and William Temple Franklin. ... September 3 is the 246th day of the year (247th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... In the Gregorian Calendar, December 18 is the 352nd day of the year (353rd in leap years), at which point there will be 13 days remaining to the end of the year. ... Year 1787 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... November 20 is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1789 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Image of the United States Bill of Rights from the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration The United States Bill of Rights consists of the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. ...

New Jersey played a major role in creating the structure of the new United States Government. When Virginia delegates proposed a plan calling for representation based on the population of each state, the smaller states refused, fearing that with such a plan they would no longer have a say in government affairs. William Paterson, a New Jersey statesman, introduced the New Jersey Plan, by which one vote would be given to each state, providing equal representation within the legislative body. The Great Compromise accepted both plans, creating two separate bodies in the Congress. The government of the United States, established by the United States Constitution, is a federal republic of 50 states, a few territories and some protectorates. ... A proposal by Edmund Randolph during the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the Virginia Plan (also known as the Large State Plan) was notable for its role in setting the overall agenda for debate in the convention and, in particular, for setting forth the idea of destroying the population The Constitutional... Several notable individuals have been named William Paterson: William Paterson (banker) (1658-1719), Scottish trader, a founder of the Bank of England, deviser of the Darién scheme William Paterson (jurist) (1745-1806), American statesman, signed US Constitution William Paterson (governor) (1755-1810), early lieutenant governor of Tasmania William Paterson... The New Jersey Plan was a proposal for the structure of the United States Government proposed by William Paterson on June 15, 1787. ... The Connecticut Compromise of 1787 in the United States, later known as the Great Compromise, was struck in the creation of legislative bodies. ... Type Bicameralism Houses Senate House of Representatives United States Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D, since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, D, since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political groups (as of November 7, 2006 elections) Democratic Party Republican...

Nineteenth century

Main article: History of New Jersey New Jersey in the Nineteenth Century lead the United States into the Industrial Revolution. ...

Industrial Revolution

The economy of New Jersey was largely based on agriculture, but crop failures and poor soil plagued the settlers of New Jersey. However, New Jersey eventually funded publications in the early 1850s of accurate agriculture-related surveys through the effort of George H. Cook. The publication of this survey helped to increase the state’s involvement in agricultural research and direct support to farmers.^[18] As agriculture became a less reliable source of income for New Jerseyans, many began turning towards more industrialized methods. George H. Cook, born in 1818, was a professor of chemistry at Rutgers University in 1853. ...

Paterson became the cradle of the Industrial Revolution in America. Energy was harnessed from the 77 feet (23 m) high Great Falls of the Passaic River. The city became an important site for mills and other industries. These include the textile, firearms, silk, and railroad locomotive manufacturing industries. Because of its high silk production, it became nicknamed the "Silk City". In 1835, Samuel Colt began producing firearms in the city. Great Falls of the Passaic River in Paterson, New Jersey © 2004 Matthew Trump File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Great Falls of the Passaic River in Paterson, New Jersey © 2004 Matthew Trump File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The skyline of Paterson, New Jersey, showing the canyon of the Passaic River in the foreground. ... A Watt steam engine. ... The Great Falls of the Passaic River The Great Falls of the Passaic River is a prominent waterfall, 77 ft (23 m) high, on the Passaic River in the city of Paterson in Passaic County in northern New Jersey in the United States. ... Sunday textile market on the sidewalks of Karachi, Pakistan. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles. ... Great Western Railway No. ... Samuel Colt (19th century engraving) God created men; Colonel Colt made them equal. ...

The second version of the New Jersey State Constitution was written in 1844. The constitution provided suffrage only to white males, removing it from all women and from people of other races. Suffrage had been awarded to those groups under the original New Jersey State Constitution of 1776. Some important components of the second State Constitution include the separation of the powers of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The new constitution also provided a bill of rights. Underneath the constitution, the people had the right to elect the governor. Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... The original Wikisource logo. ... The Constitution of the State of New Jersey is the basic governing document of the State of New Jersey. ... This article is about the general concept of a bill of rights. ... For other uses, see Governor (disambiguation). ...

The famous inventor Thomas Edison was born in 1847. Edison worked in Menlo Park, and was known as "the Wizard of Menlo Park" for his many inventions; over the course of his life, he was granted 1,093 patents.^[19] His most famous inventions included the phonograph, the kinetoscope, the stock ticker, the Dictaphone and the tattoo gun. He also is credited with improving the designs of the incandescent light bulb, radio, the telegraph, and the telephone. He started the Motion Picture Patents Company. One of his famous sayings was, "Genius is one percent inspiration and 99% perspiration", as his efforts consisted of research and testing. Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 â€“ October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman who developed many devices which greatly influenced life worldwide into the 21st century. ... The Edison Memorial Tower, one of Edison Townships notable landmarks. ... Edison cylinder phonograph ca. ... Interior view of Kinetoscope with peephole viewer at top of cabinet. ... The board and equipment for Stock Ticker Stock Ticker is a now out of print board game that was popular upon its release and is still played today. ... Thomas A. Edison dictating in 1907 A Dictaphone is a sound recording device most commonly used to record speech for later playback or to be typed into print. ... Traditional 2 coil tattoo machine 4 views A tattoo gun, is a hand held machine for creating a tattoo, i. ... An incandescent light bulb and its glowing filament. ... Telegraphy (from the Greek words tele = far away and grapho = write) is the long distance transmission of written messages without physical transport of letters, originally over wire. ... The telephone or phone is a telecommunications device which is used to transmit and receive sound (most commonly voice and speech) across distance. ... MPPC stands for Motion Picture Patents Company, also known as the Edison Trust, also known as the First Oligopoly. ...

The agricultural products from New Jersey usually were transported to larger markets in New York City and Philadelphia, requiring better transportation. The first oceangoing steamboat went from Hoboken, New Jersey, sailed around southern New Jersey, and ended in Philadelphia. Later, systems of canals were built, the first of which is called the Morris Canal and ran from Phillipsburg, New Jersey, on the Delaware River to Jersey City, New Jersey, on the Hudson River. The Delaware and Raritan canal ran from New Brunswick, New Jersey, on the Raritan River, to Bordentown, New Jersey, on the Delware River. Locomotion was also improved; Hoboken-born inventor John Stevens built a 10 ton locomotive and his son started constructing iron railroads. By 1833, The Camden & Amboy Railroad had been completed, allowing a 7 hour passage between Philadelphia and New York City. Through the 1800s, over a dozen companies were operating railroad lines. Paddle steamers â€” Lucerne, Switzerland. ... Map of New Jersey highlighting Hoboken Image of Hoboken taken by NASA (red line shows where Hoboken is). ... 1827 map The Morris Canal was an anthracite-carrying canal that incorporated a series of water-driven inclined planes in its course across northern New Jersey in the United States. ... Map of Phillipsburg in Warren County Phillipsburg, known locally as Pburg, is a town in Warren County, New Jersey, in the United States. ... The Delaware River is a river on the Atlantic coast of the United States. ... Location of Jersey City within New Jersey. ... The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk in Mahican, is a river that runs through the eastern portion of New York State and, along its southern terminus, demarcates the border between the states of New York and New Jersey. ... The Delaware and Raritan Canal (D&R Canal) was a canal in central New Jersey that served to connect the Delaware River to the Raritan River. ... Nickname: Hub CityThe Healthcare City Coordinates: Country United States of America State New Jersey County Middlesex Established 1714 Incorporated {{{established_date2}}} Government type Faulkner Act Mayor James Cahill Area - City 14. ... The Raritan River is a major river of central New Jersey in the United States. ... See also: Bordentown Township, New Jersey The City of Bordentown highlighted in Burlington County. ... In a general sense, locomotion simply means active movement or travel, applying not just to biological individuals. ... John Stevens is the name of a number of prominent people: Sir John Stevens (b. ... The Camden & Amboy Railroad was charted in New Jersey in 1830. ...

War and slavery

During the Mexican-American War, a battalion of volunteers from New Jersey, in four companies, was active from September 1847 to July 1848. Philip Kearny, an officer who led a cavalry unit, followed General Winfield Scott and fought in the Battle of Contreras and Battle of Churubusco. After the war, Kearny made his home in the state of New Jersey. Combatants United States Mexico Commanders Zachary Taylor Winfield Scott Stephen W. Kearney Antonio LÃ³pez de Santa Anna Mariano Arista Pedro de Ampudia Strength 7,000 - 43,000 18,000 - 40,000 Casualties KIA: 1,733 Total dead: 13,283 Wounded: 4,152 25,000 killed or wounded (Mexican government... Philip Kearny (June 2, 1815–September 1, 1862) was a United States Army officer, notably in the Mexican and Civil wars. ... Soldiers or warriors who fought mounted on horseback in combat are commonly known as cavalry (from French cavalerie). ... Winfield Scott (June 13, 1786 â€“ May 29, 1866) was a United States Army general, diplomat, and presidential candidate. ... Combatants United States Mexico Commanders Winfield Scott Antonio LÃ³pez de Santa Anna Gabriel Valencia Strength 8,500 20,000 Casualties 60 killed and wounded 700 killed 843 surrendered Gen Frontera dead Gen Salas, Nicolas Mendoza captured The Battle of Contreras (also known, particularly in Mexico, as the Battle of... Combatants United States Mexico Commanders Winfield Scott Antonio LÃ³pez de Santa Anna Manuel RincÃ³n Strength 8,497 2,641 Casualties 133 killed 865 wounded 998 total total 263 dead 1,261 captured Gens Rincon & Anaya captured The Battles of Churubusco took place on August 20, 1847, in the...

The Quaker population was especially intolerant of slavery, and the state was a major part of the Underground Railroad. Though New Jersey passed an act for the gradual abolition of slavery in 1804, it was not until 1830 that most blacks were free in the state. New Jersey was the last northern state to abolish slavery completely, and by the close of the Civil War, about a dozen African-Americans in New Jersey were still apprenticed freedmen. New Jersey at first refused to ratify the Constitutional Amendment banning slavery. George McClellan (19th century photograph) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... George McClellan (19th century photograph) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... George Brinton McClellan (December 3, 1826 â€“ October 29, 1885) was a major general during the American Civil War. ... The Religious Society of Friends (commonly known as Quakers) is a Christian religious denomination that began in England in the 17th century by people who were dissatisfied with the existing denominations and sects of Christianity. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... Amendment XIII (the Thirteenth Amendment) of the United States Constitution officially abolished, and continues to prohibit, slavery, and, with limited exceptions such as those convicted of a crime, prohibits involuntary servitude. ...

Although no Civil War battles were fought within New Jersey, the state sent over 88,000 soldiers as part of some 31 infantry and cavalry regiments, and over 6,000 died in the war. 23,116 of those soldiers served in the Army of the Potomac. Soldiers from New Jersey fought generally in the War's Eastern theater.^[20] Philip Kearny, an officer from the Mexican-American War, led a brigade of New Jersey regiments under Brigadier General William B. Franklin. Kearny distinguished himself as a brilliant officer during the Peninsula Campaign, and was promoted to the position of major general. Generals Burnside, Hancock, Couch, Ferro, Patrick, Wilcox, Cochrane, Buford and others. ... Philip Kearny (June 2, 1815–September 1, 1862) was a United States Army officer, notably in the Mexican and Civil wars. ... Combatants United States Mexico Commanders Zachary Taylor Winfield Scott Stephen W. Kearney Antonio LÃ³pez de Santa Anna Mariano Arista Pedro de Ampudia Strength 7,000 - 43,000 18,000 - 40,000 Casualties KIA: 1,733 Total dead: 13,283 Wounded: 4,152 25,000 killed or wounded (Mexican government... Major General William B. Franklin William Buel Franklin (February 27, 1823 â€“ March 8, 1903) was a career U.S. Army officer and a Union Army general in the American Civil War. ... McClellan and Johnston of the Peninsula Campaign The Peninsula Campaign (also known as the Peninsular Campaign) of the American Civil War was a major Union operation launched in southeastern Virginia from March through July 1862, the first large-scale offensive in the Eastern Theater. ... Insignia of a United States Air Force Major General German Generalmajor Insignia Major General is a military rank used in many countries. ...

New Jersey was one of the few states to favor Stephen Douglas over Abraham Lincoln in the Presidential Election of 1860. The people of New Jersey also cast its electoral votes to George B. McClellan when he ran for President against Abraham Lincoln in the election of 1864, being the only free state that rejected Lincoln twice. McClellan was later elected governor, serving from 1878 to 1881. Stephen A. Douglas Stephen Arnold Douglas (April 23, 1813 - June 3, 1861), American politician from Illinois, was one of the Democratic Party nominees for President in 1860 (the other being John C. Breckinridge of Kentucky). ... Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 â€“ April 15, 1865) was an American politician elected from Illinois as the 16th President of the United States (1861 to 1865), and the first president from the Republican Party. ... Summary The election of 1860 is widely considered to be a realigning election. ... The United States Electoral College is the electoral college which chooses the President and Vice President of the United States at the conclusion of each Presidential election. ... George Brinton McClellan (December 3, 1826 â€“ October 29, 1885) was a major general during the American Civil War. ... Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 â€“ April 15, 1865) was an American politician elected from Illinois as the 16th President of the United States (1861 to 1865), and the first president from the Republican Party. ...

Many industrial cities like Paterson and Camden grew extremely strong through the duration of the Civil War. They produced many necessities, including clothing and war materials like ammunition. These cities prospered through heavy production even after the end of the war.^[21]
The skyline of Paterson, New Jersey, showing the canyon of the Passaic River in the foreground. ... The City of Camden is the county seat of Camden County, New Jersey in the United States. ... Boxes of ammunition clog a warehouse in Baghdad Ammunition is a generic military term meaning (the assembly of) a projectile and its propellant. ...

Twentieth century

Main article: History of New Jersey New Jersey in the Twentieth Century under went many changes through the century. ...

Early 1900s and World War I

The Standard Oil Company of New Jersey was a large integrated oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing organization, founded by Henry H. Rogers, William Rockefeller, and John D. Rockefeller. In 1911, the United States Supreme Court ordered the dissolution of the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, viewing it as violating the Sherman Antitrust Act. Standard Oil had controlled nearly 90% of refined oil flows into the United States, having a near complete monopoly upon it. Standard Oil Company was split into 34 smaller companies as a result of the dissolution. Standard Oil was an oil refining organization founded by John D. Rockefeller (1839-1937) and partners beginning in 1863. ... Henry Huttleston Rogers (January 29, 1840 â€“ May 19, 1909) was a United States capitalist, businessman, industrialist, financier, and philanthropist. ... William Rockefeller (May 31, 1841-June 24, 1922), American financier, was a cofounder of the prominent United States Rockefeller family. ... John Davison Rockefeller, Sr. ... The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C. The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C., (large image) The Supreme Court of the United States, located in Washington, D.C., is the highest court (see supreme court) in the United States; that is, it has ultimate judicial authority within the United States... The Sherman Antitrust Act, formally known as the Act of July 2, 1890, ch. ...

New Jersey was a center of shipbuilding and manufacturing during World War I. Existing factories such as the Singer Company in Elizabeth, New Jersey were converted to making weapon parts. New refineries and ammunition factories were built by companies like DuPont Engineering. After the war, many of these companies and plants shifted to chemicals, making New Jersey one of the world's leading chemical producers. Several Allied ships were sunk off the New Jersey coast. Combatants Allied Powers: Russian Empire France British Empire Italy United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary German Empire Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Commanders Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Ferdinand Foch Robert Nivelle Herbert Henry Asquith Sir Douglas Haig Sir John Jellicoe Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Armando Diaz Woodrow... A Singers sewing machine // History Singer Corporation was established as I.M. Singer & Co. ... Map of Elizabeth in Union County Union County Court House Elizabeth is a City in Union County, New Jersey, in the United States. ... A refinery is a building and/or the equipment used for refining or processing specific products. ... Boxes of ammunition clog a warehouse in Baghdad Ammunition is a generic military term meaning (the assembly of) a projectile and its propellant. ... This article is about the DuPont company. ... European military alliances in 1915. ...

Camp Merritt (New Jersey) was activated for use in World War I. It was from there that many soldiers were deployed to Hoboken, New Jersey before shipping off to Europe. Camp Merritt was decommissioned in November 1919.^[22] Fort Dix, in Pemberton Township, New Jersey, was also constructed in 1917 to help in the war effort.^[23] It was used as a training and staging ground throughout the war. After the war, it was converted into a demobilization center. Camp Merritt was a camp in Cresskill, in Bergen County, New Jersey, that was activated for use in World War I. It was from this camp that thousands of soldiers were deployed to Hoboken, New Jersey before being shipped off to Europe. ... Combatants Allied Powers: Russian Empire France British Empire Italy United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary German Empire Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Commanders Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Ferdinand Foch Robert Nivelle Herbert Henry Asquith Sir Douglas Haig Sir John Jellicoe Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Armando Diaz Woodrow... Map of New Jersey highlighting Hoboken Image of Hoboken taken by NASA (red line shows where Hoboken is). ... Fort Dix is a census-designated place located in Burlington County, New Jersey. ... Pemberton Township highlighted in Burlington County. ...

Roaring Twenties

Like much of the rest of the United States, New Jersey entered a prosperous state through the 1920s. Through this period, New Jersey's population and employment rate increased greatly. Though factory production decreased after the end of World War I, production lines still remained in relatively high production. Image File history File links HollandTunnelNYNJboarder. ... Image File history File links HollandTunnelNYNJboarder. ... Official language(s) None, English de facto Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Area Ranked 47th - Total 8,729 sq mi (22,608 kmÂ²) - Width 70 miles (110 km) - Length 150 miles (240 km) - % water 14. ... NY redirects here. ... Clifford Milburn Holland, 1919 Traveling through the Holland Tunnel, from Manhattan to New Jersey. ... A scene typical of the Follies of Florenz Ziegfeld, the most popular Broadway impresario of the decade. ... A factory worker in 1940s Fort Worth, Texas. ...

Transportation became much easier through the 1920s. Cars became easily affordable and roads were paved and improved such that they incorporated new road features, including jughandle turns. As a result, people who had never been farther than the outskirts of their hometown now could travel around the state. The Jersey Shore became extremely popular as an attraction. Many bridges and tunnels were built for the ease of interstate traveling. The Benjamin Franklin Bridge was completed linking Camden and Philadelphia in 1926. The Holland Tunnel, under the Hudson River, was completed in 1927, providing a means of easy transportation between New Jersey and New York City. Before, ferries were required to travel across the Hudson River. Later on, the George Washington Bridge (1931) and the Lincoln Tunnel (1937) were completed, making access to Manhattan even easier.^[24] All of the tunnels and bridges linking New York and New Jersey are managed by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, established on April 30, 1921. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... A typical jughandle setup, with one standard jughandle and one reverse jughandle A jughandle is a type of ramp or slip road that changes the way traffic turns left (when driving on the right). ... The Jersey Shore is a colloquial term used in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States to refer to the Atlantic Ocean-facing coast of New Jersey, together with the adjacent resort and residential communities. ... The Benjamin Franklin Bridge (also known simply as the Ben Franklin Bridge), originally named the Delaware River Bridge, is a suspension bridge across the Delaware River connecting Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Camden, New Jersey. ... The City of Camden is the county seat of Camden County, New Jersey in the United States. ... Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Area - City 369. ... Clifford Milburn Holland, 1919 Traveling through the Holland Tunnel, from Manhattan to New Jersey. ... The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk in Mahican, is a river that runs through the eastern portion of New York State and, along its southern terminus, demarcates the border between the states of New York and New Jersey. ... Nickname: Big Apple, Gotham, NYC, City That Never Sleeps, The Concrete Jungle, The City So Nice They Named It Twice Location in the state of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York Boroughs The Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island Settled 1676 Government - Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Area... The ferryboat Dongan Hills, filled with commuters, about to dock at a New York City pier, ca. ... For the bridge in New York that crosses the Harlem River, see Washington Bridge. ... The Lincoln Tunnel is a 1. ... The Borough of Manhattan, highlighted in yellow, lies between the East River and the Hudson River. ... The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey is a bi-state agency (operated pursuant to an interstate compact) that runs most of the regional transportation infrastructure including the bridges, tunnels, airports and seaports within the New York-New Jersey Port District. ... April 30 is the 120th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (121st in leap years), with 245 days remaining. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for full calendar). ...

New Jersey was also the first state in the United States to ratify Prohibition, which restricted the purchasing and selling of alcohol. However, the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which banned alcohol consumption, was later repealed by the Twenty-first Amendment in December 1933. Newark's breweries reopened almost immediately. The term Prohibition, also known as Dry Law, refers to a law in a certain country by which the manufacture, transportation, import, export, and sale of alcoholic beverages is restricted or illegal. ... Functional group of an alcohol molecule. ... â‰¥â‰¤Â°â‰ˆâ‰¤ÎŽ Amendment XVIII (the Eighteenth Amendment) of the United States Constitution, along with the Volstead Act (which defined intoxicating liquors excluding those used for religious purposes), established Prohibition in the United States. ... Amendment XXI (the Twenty-first Amendment) to the United States Constitution repealed the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which had mandated nationwide Prohibition. ... Nickname: The Brick City Map of Newark in Essex County Coordinates: County Essex Founded/Incorporated 1666/1836 - Mayor Cory Booker, term of office 2006â€“2010 Area [1] - City 67. ... The entrance of a brewery. ...

Great Depression era

Like the rest of the United States, the people of New Jersey were hit hard by the Great Depression. By 1933, one-tenth of the population was dependent upon Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal. In fact, New Jersey issued begging licenses to the poor people because the New Jersey government funds were being exhausted.^[25] Under the Works Progress Administration, part of the Second New Deal by FDR, many new jobs were provided in order to support the poor, including the expansion of Fort Dix, Roosevelt Park in Edison, and Rutgers Stadium in Piscataway. Strikes also grew common during the Great Depression; in 1937 a group of gravediggers from New Jersey went on strike. The Great Depression was a worldwide economic downturn which started in October of 1929 and lasted through most of the 1930s. ... FDR redirects here. ... Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: New Deal For other uses of old Deal and The New Deal, see New Deal (disambiguation). ... WPA Graphic The Works Progress Administration (later Work Projects Administration, abbreviated WPA), was created in May 1935 by Presidential order (Congress funded it annually but did not set it up). ... Fort Dix is a census-designated place located in Burlington County, New Jersey. ... Roosevelt Park is a park located in Edison, New Jersey. ... The Edison Memorial Tower, one of Edison Townships notable landmarks. ... Rutgers Stadium is the on-campus stadium for Rutgers University football. ... Piscataway Township is a township located in Middlesex County, New Jersey. ...

In 1938, Orson Welles produced The War of the Worlds radio broadcast. Listeners were told that a "huge, flaming object... fell on a farm in the neighborhood of Grover’s Mill... twenty-two miles from Trenton."^[26] It described extraterrestrial monsters that were causing much destruction. Although it was announced in advance that it was a radio play, the broadcast resulted in widespread panic into New Jersey and the surrounding areas. Many people had believed the bulletin to be real, causing them to flee the New Jersey area or to blockade their homes to ensure safety from the reported monsters. CBS was criticized for allowing fictitious bulletins to gain attention of listeners. Welles and the other broadcasters were not punished by law, but were held under a brief informal "house arrest" for a short period. George Orson Welles (May 6, 1915 â€“ October 10, 1985) was an American theatre, screenwriter and film producer and director, and a theatre, radio and film actor. ... Orson Welles famous radio adaptation of H. G. Wells classic novel The War of the Worlds was performed by Mercury Theatre on the Air as a Halloween special on October 30, 1938. ... In popular culture and conspiracy theories, life forms, especially intelligent life forms, that are of extraterrestrial origin, i. ... CBS is one of the largest radio and television networks in the United States. ... In justice and law, house arrest is the situation where a person is confined (by the authorities) to his or her residence. ...

During the Great Depression, 20-month old Charles Augustus Lindbergh, Jr., son of famous aviator Charles Lindbergh, was abducted from his home near Hopewell, New Jersey in the Lindbergh kidnapping. The police sealed off many roads to prevent the kidnapper's escape, and interrogated the members of the Lindbergh household. Federal expert Arthur Koehler carefully examined the ladder used by the kidnapper, which he traced to a company in McCormick, South Carolina. James J. Finn was a lieutenant who attempted to capture the kidnapper while he was passing off ransom bills. Finally, a ransom note was located and traced to Bruno Hauptmann; the bill had the license plate number of Hauptmann's Dodge Saloon that was written down by a gas attendant. He was tried in Flemington, New Jersey in what was known as the "Trial of the Century", and was convicted. He was electrocuted in the New Jersey State Prison in Trenton, New Jersey.^[27] The Lindbergh kidnapping led to passage of the Federal Kidnapping Act, also known as the "Lindbergh Law", which made kidnapping a federal crime. Charles Lindbergh with the Spirit of St. ... For the U.S. Representative from Minnesota (1859 â€“ 1924), see Charles August Lindbergh For Charles Augustus Lindbergh, Junior, see Lindbergh kidnapping Charles Augustus Lindbergh (February 4, 1902 â€“ August 26, 1974), known as Lucky Lindy and The Lone Eagle, was an American pilot famous for the first solo, non-stop flight... Hopewell highlighted in Mercer County. ... Lindbergh baby kidnapping poster. ... Arthur Koehler was a federal expert who was important in the investigation of the Lindbergh kidnapping. ... McCormick is a town located in McCormick County, South Carolina. ... James J. Finn was a lieutanent that was vital to the solving of the Lindbergh kidnapping, the abduction of twenty month old Charles Lindbergh, Jr. ... Bruno Hauptmann Bruno Richard Hauptmann (November 26, 1899 â€“ April 3, 1936) was a German carpenter and former criminal, sentenced to death and executed for the abduction and murder of Charles Augustus Lindbergh II, the 20-month old son of famous pilot Charles Lindbergh. ... 1917 Dodge Brothers Touring car. ... Flemington is a Borough in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, United States. ... The first electric chair, which was used to execute William Kemmler in 1890 The electric chair is an execution method in which the person being killed is strapped to a chair and electrocuted through electrodes placed on the body. ... The New Jersey State Prison (NJSP) is a state prison located in Trenton, New Jersey. ... Nickname: Trent, T-Town Location of Trenton inside of Mercer County Coordinates: Country United States State New Jersey County Mercer County Founded circa 1719 Mayor Douglas H. Palmer Area - City 21. ... Following the historic Lindbergh kidnapping (the abduction and murder of Charles Lindberghs toddler son), the United States Congress adopted a federal kidnapping statuteâ€”popularly known as the Federal Kidnapping Act 18 USC Â§ 1201(a)(1) (also known as The Lindbergh Law) â€” which was intended to let federal authorities step...

In 1937, the German zeppelin Hindenburg exploded over Lakehurst, New Jersey. While approaching a mooring mast in Lakehurst, the zeppelin suddenly caught fire, and within 34 seconds the entire hydrogen-filled zeppelin was engulfed in flames; 36 people died in the disaster, most of them leaping from the burning ship. Contrary to popular belief, the Hindenburg had flown an entire year of successful voyages before it caught on fire. Questions and controversy surround the accident to this day: theories for the sudden burst of flames include sabotage against the German Nazis, static buildup, and flammable fabric. Image File history File links Hindenburg_burning. ... Image File history File links Hindenburg_burning. ... LZ 129 Hindenburg was a German zeppelin that was destroyed by fire while landing at Lakehurst Naval Air Station in New Jersey on May 6, 1937. ... LZ127 Graf Zeppelin, one of the two zeppelins that carried passengers from Germany to the United States. ... LZ 129 Hindenburg was a German zeppelin that was destroyed by fire while landing at Lakehurst Naval Air Station in New Jersey on May 6, 1937. ... Lakehurst is a borough located in Ocean County, New Jersey. ... The Nazi party used a right-facing swastika as their symbol and the red and black colors were said to represent Blut und Boden (blood and soil). ...

World War II and the 1940s

New Jersey shipyards were responsible for the construction of many naval ships in World War II, including battleships, aircraft carriers, heavy cruisers and destroyers, receiving 9% of all allied war-related contracts through the war.^[28] Nearly 500,000 residents enlisted for the war,^[29] more than 10% of the total population of New Jersey at the time, causing many women to take jobs in their husbands’ absences. A German U-boat (U-689) was sunk off the coast of New Jersey in 1945. Image File history File links Camden_Shipyard. ... Image File history File links Camden_Shipyard. ... The City of Camden is the county seat of Camden County, New Jersey in the United States. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... The firepower of a battleship demonstrated by USS Iowa. ... Four aircraft carriers, Principe de Asturias, USS Wasp, USS Forrestal and HMS Invincible (front-to-back), showing the difference in size between a supercarrier, light V/STOL carriers, and an amphibious assault carrier. ... The term heavy cruiser is used to refer to large cruisers, a form of warship. ... USS Lassen, an Arleigh Burke-class destroyer In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast and maneuverable yet long-endurance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet or battle group and defend them against smaller, short-range attackers (originally torpedo boats, later submarines and aircraft). ... U-boat is also a nickname for some diesel locomotives built by GE; see List of GE locomotives October 1939. ...

Camp Kilmer was a staging area near New Brunswick serving the port of New York. Buildings were painted such that they had a camouflage effect. Camp Kilmer helped to serve troops by offering medical care and providing them with supplies. Camp Kilmer was later reactivated for the Korean War and the 1956 Hungarian Revolution. Fort Dix was reopened for the training of soldiers for the war effort. During the war, Naval Weapons Station Earle in Monmouth County was opened for naval production, which provided ships with a safe port to take on ammunition. Camp Kilmer was activated in June 1942 as a staging area and part of an installation of the New York Port of Embarkation. ... Nickname: Hub CityThe Healthcare City Coordinates: Country United States of America State New Jersey County Middlesex Established 1714 Incorporated {{{established_date2}}} Government type Faulkner Act Mayor James Cahill Area - City 14. ... NY redirects here. ... Combatants United Nations: Republic of Korea Australia Belgium Luxembourg Canada Colombia Ethiopia France Greece Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand Philippines South Africa Thailand Turkey United Kingdom United States Medical staff: Denmark Australia Italy Norway Sweden Communist states: Democratic Peopleâ€™s Republic of Korea Peoples Republic of China Soviet Union Commanders... Combatants Soviet Union ÃVH Hungarian government, various nationalist militias Commanders Yuri Andropov PÃ¡l MalÃ©ter, BÃ©la KirÃ¡ly, Gergely PongrÃ¡tz, JÃ³zsef DudÃ¡s Strength 150,000 troops, 6,000 tanks 100,000+ demonstrators (some later armed), unknown number of soldiers Casualties 720 killed according to official... Naval Weapons Station Earle is a United States Navy base on Sandy Hook Bay in New Jersey. ...

Millville Airport opened on August 2, 1941. It was called "America's First Defense Airport" because it was opened as a gunnery training area for fighter pilots. Over 1,500 pilots were trained for advanced aircraft fighting at this airport.^[30] Fort Hancock was also opened in Sandy Hook. Gunners in the fort prevented German submarines from entering New York Harbor. The airfield, currently known as McGuire Air Force Base, was opened in 1937 as Rudd Field, a supporting Army airfield for Fort Dix. It was expanded during wartime operations and turned over to the Air Force in 1949.^[31] Millville Airport is an airport located in Millville, in Cumberland County, New Jersey. ... August 2 is the 214th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (215th in leap years), with 151 days remaining. ... For the movie, see 1941 (film). ... Ft. ... Sandy Hook from the top of Twin Lights Lighthouse, Highlands, NJ. Sandy Hook is a narrow coastal spit of land, approximately 6 miles in length and 0. ... New York Harbor, a geographic term, refers collectively to the rivers, bays, and tidal estuaries near the mouth of the Hudson River in the vicinity of New York City. ... Map of McGuire AFB in Burlington County McGuire AFB is a United States Air Force Base located in parts of New Hanover Township and North Hanover Township, in Burlington County, New Jersey. ... Map of McGuire AFB in Burlington County McGuire AFB is a United States Air Force Base located in parts of New Hanover Township and North Hanover Township, in Burlington County, New Jersey. ...

An internment camp housing people of Japanese, German, and Italian descent was located in Gloucester City. In addition, Seabrook Farms took advantage of Japanese labor to increase productivity when the government allowed small groups of people from the internment camps to work there. At the end of World War II, the government closed down the internment camps, but many people from the camps continued to work at Seabrook Farms.^[32] Jerome War Relocation Center in Jerome, Arkansas Japanese American Internment was the forced removal of approximately 120,000[1] Japanese and Japanese Americans (62 percent of whom were United States citizens)[2][3] from the West Coast of the United States during World War II. While approximately 10,000 were... Gloucester City highlighted in Camden County Gloucester City is a City in Camden County, New Jersey, United States. ... Seabrook Farms is a census-designated place located in Cumberland County, New Jersey. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

In 1947, the current New Jersey State Constitution was ratified, reorganizing the state government. Governors were allowed to serve four years instead of three, and the Legislature was constituted with a 40-member Senate and an 80-member General Assembly. The new State Constitution also returned the right of suffrage to females and non-whites. Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... The original Wikisource logo. ... The Constitution of the State of New Jersey is the basic governing document of the State of New Jersey. ... The Legislature of New Jersey is the U.S. state of New Jerseys legislative branch, seated in the New Jersey State House at the states capital, Trenton. ... The New Jersey Senate is the upper house of the New Jersey Legislature. ... The New Jersey General Assembly is the lower house of the New Jersey Legislature. ...

Late twentieth century

In the 1950s, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey planned and built the Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal in the cities of Newark and Elizabeth. This was the first port in the world to containerize due to the innovation of Malcolm McLean and the founding of the Sea-Land Corporation. The newly opened port quickly made the docks of Brooklyn, Lower Manhattan and Hoboken obsolete. In 1985, the port was the busiest in the world. (See Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal). The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey is a bi-state agency (operated pursuant to an interstate compact) that runs most of the regional transportation infrastructure including the bridges, tunnels, airports and seaports within the New York-New Jersey Port District. ... Container port facilities at Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal, seen from Bayonne, New Jersey. ... Nickname: The Brick City Map of Newark in Essex County Coordinates: County Essex Founded/Incorporated 1666/1836 - Mayor Cory Booker, term of office 2006â€“2010 Area [1] - City 67. ... Map of Elizabeth in Union County Union County Court House Elizabeth is a City in Union County, New Jersey, in the United States. ... Shipping containers at a terminal in Port Elizabeth, New Jersey. ... Malcom McLean (1914-2001) is credited as the inventor of containerized shipping and the founder of the Sea-Land Corporation, US Lines, and Trailer Bridge. ... Sea-Land Corporation was a United States shipping company that pioneered containerization. ... Brooklyn (named for the Dutch city Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. ... Woolworth Building, looking south along Broadway Lower Manhattan is the southernmost part of the island of Manhattan, the main island and center of business and government of the City of New York. ... Map of New Jersey highlighting Hoboken Image of Hoboken taken by NASA (red line shows where Hoboken is). ... Container port facilities at Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal, seen from Bayonne, New Jersey. ...

During the 1960s, many African Americans felt disenfranchised, feelings exacerbated by the police that usually sided against African Americans and by the poor urban conditions caused by urban decay. This tension led to race riots, the first of which occurred in Jersey City on August 2, 1964, causing heavy damage to the Jersey City area. 71 stores were damaged and 46 people were injured. From August 11 to August 13, 1964, similar riots occurred in Paterson and Elizabeth. In the Paterson riot, twenty stores and other buildings were damaged, and eight people were injured. In the Elizabeth riot, six people were injured and seventeen stores were damaged. In the aftermath of these riots, 135 people were arrested.^[33]^[34] Location of Jersey City within New Jersey. ... August 2 is the 214th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (215th in leap years), with 151 days remaining. ... 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ... August 11 is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... August 13 is the 225th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (226th in leap years), with 140 days remaining. ... 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ... The skyline of Paterson, New Jersey, showing the canyon of the Passaic River in the foreground. ... Map of Elizabeth in Union County Union County Court House Elizabeth is a City in Union County, New Jersey, in the United States. ...

In the summer of 1967, urban residents, primarily African Americans, rioted for 5 days in Newark and the neighboring city of Plainfield in the 1967 Newark riots. 24 people died in the riots, and nearly 1,600 were arrested. The riots are often cited as a major factor in the decline of Newark and its neighboring communities, as many residents fled to the suburbs following the riots. Nickname: The Brick City Map of Newark in Essex County Coordinates: County Essex Founded/Incorporated 1666/1836 - Mayor Cory Booker, term of office 2006â€“2010 Area [1] - City 67. ... The Plainfield Riot was the second most violent disturbance to occur in New Jersey during the summer of 1967, only the major rioting (1967 Newark riots) in Newark, New Jersey, surpassed it. ... Fires started in the 1967 Newark riots destroyed a significant area of the city. ... Illustration of the backyards of a surburban neighbourhood Suburbs are inhabited districts located either on the outer rim of a city or outside the official limits of a city (the term varies from country to country), or the outer elements of a conurbation. ...

In the middle of the Cold War from June 23 to June 25, 1967, president Lyndon Johnson met with Soviet premier Aleksei Kosygin in Glassboro, New Jersey for the Glassboro Summit Conference.^[35] at the Glassboro State College. No specific agreements were reached, especially in the area of restrictions on anti-ballistic missile systems. However, the meeting helped improve the strained relationships between the Soviet Union and the US. Image File history File links Johnson_Kosygin_Glassboro_Meeting. ... Image File history File links Johnson_Kosygin_Glassboro_Meeting. ... Aleksey Nikolayevich Kosygin (Алексе́й Никола́евич Косы́гин) (1904 - December 18, 1980) was a politician and administrator in the Soviet Union. ... Glassboro highlighted in Gloucester County. ... For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ... June 23 is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 191 days remaining. ... June 25 is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 189 days remaining. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ... Lyndon Baines Johnson (August 27, 1908–January 22, 1973), often referred to as LBJ, was an American politician. ... Aleksey Nikolayevich Kosygin (Алексе́й Никола́евич Косы́гин) (1904 - December 18, 1980) was a politician and administrator in the Soviet Union. ... Glassboro highlighted in Gloucester County. ... Rowan University is a public university located in Glassboro, New Jersey comprising 43 buildings. ... An anti-ballistic missile (ABM) is a missile designed to counter ballistic missiles. ...

Because of its strategic location on the East Coast, New Jersey played an important role in the United States' Cold War defense. 14 Nike anti-aircraft missile batteries in two groups were constructed in New Jersey to protect the metropolitan areas around Philadelphia and New York City. In addition, a regional command center was built in New Jersey. By 1974, the missile sites were deactivated. In addition to these, air defense radar sites, bases for interceptor aircraft, anti-aircraft gun batteries, surface-to-air missile sites, and command and control facilities were constructed to defend against an attack by long range, nuclear-armed aircraft of the Soviet Air Force.^[36] For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ... Launch of a Nike Zeus missile Project Nike was a US Army project, proposed in May 1945 by Bell Labs, to develop a line-of-sight anti-aircraft missile system. ... Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Area - City 369. ... Nickname: Big Apple, Gotham, NYC, City That Never Sleeps, The Concrete Jungle, The City So Nice They Named It Twice Location in the state of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York Boroughs The Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island Settled 1676 Government - Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Area... This long range Radar antenna, known as ALTAIR, is used to detect and track space objects in conjunction with ABM testing at the Ronald Reagan Test Site on the Kwajalein atoll[1]. Radar is a system that uses radio waves to determine and map the location, direction, and/or speed... The Soviet Air Force, also known under the abbreviation VVS, transliterated from Russian: Ð’Ð’Ð¡, Ð’Ð¾ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾-Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð´ÑƒÑˆÐ½Ñ‹Ðµ ÑÐ¸Ð»Ñ‹ (Voenno-Vozdushnye Sily), formed the official designation of the air force of the Soviet Union. ...

In 1998, the south side of Ellis Island came under the jurisdiction of New Jersey following a US Supreme Court decision. Before, the island had been governed by the state of New York. However, after the court decision, disagreements between New Jersey and New York led to the sharing of jurisdiction over the island by the two states. Ellis Island,at the mouth of the Hudson River in New York Harbor, was at one time the main immigration port for immigrants entering the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. ... The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C. The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C., (large image) The Supreme Court of the United States, located in Washington, D.C., is the highest court (see supreme court) in the United States; that is, it has ultimate judicial authority within the United States... NY redirects here. ...

Twenty-first century

It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with History of New Jersey. ...

Terrorist attacks

In the morning of September 11, 2001, hijackers took control of four domestic U.S. commercial airliners, including United Airlines Flight 93 which departed from Newark International Airport in the September 11, 2001 attacks. All of the planes crashed, two of them into the two tallest towers of the World Trade Center in New York City which collapsed within two hours and were viewable from New Jersey. 2,986 deaths occurred in the attacks, including about 700 residents of New Jersey.^[37] Over 160,000 people were evacuated by ferry from the Manhattan area to New Jersey because the subway and PATH station had been closed down.^[38] This article is about the date September 11 in general. ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... United Airlines Flight 93 was a regular flight from Newark International Airport (now known as Newark Liberty International Airport) in Newark, New Jersey, to San Francisco International Airport, then continuing on to Narita International Airport in Tokyo, Japan, on a different aircraft. ... Newark Liberty International Airport (IATA Airport Code EWR; ICAO Airport Code KEWR) is an international airport within the city limits of both Newark and Elizabeth, New Jersey, United States. ... A sequential look at United Flight 175 crashing into the south tower of the World Trade Center The September 11, 2001 attacks (often referred to as 9/11â€”pronounced nine eleven or nine one one) consisted of a series of coordinated terrorist[1] suicide attacks upon the United States, predominantly... â€œWTCâ€ redirects here. ... The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system operated by the New York City Transit Authority, an affiliate of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority as MTA New York City Transit. ... Hoboken- and Newark-bound platform at Exchange Place station in Jersey City. ...

The destruction of Lower Manhattan office space accelerated the pre-2001 trend of moving jobs from Lower Manhattan to Midtown and New Jersey. The Goldman Sachs Tower was constructed in Jersey City as part of this effect. Towns in New Jersey such as Middletown that were especially hard hit suffered from aftereffects of the attack.^[39] The Goldman Sachs Tower looms above the skyline of downtown Jersey City, New Jersey, overlooking the Hudson River. ... Location of Jersey City within New Jersey. ... Map of Middletown Township in Monmouth County Middletown Township is a township in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. ...

For several weeks beginning on September 18, 2001, letters bearing a Trenton, New Jersey postmark and containing anthrax bacteria were mailed to several news media offices and two US Senators. These anthrax attacks resulted in the deaths of five people and caused twenty-two people to develop anthrax infections (eleven of which were life-threatening). Image of envelope in which the letter containing Anthrax was sent to Senator Tom Daschle during the 2001 anthrax attacks The return address given in the top left says: 4th Grade, Greendale School, Franklin Park, New Jersey, 08852. ... Image of envelope in which the letter containing Anthrax was sent to Senator Tom Daschle during the 2001 anthrax attacks The return address given in the top left says: 4th Grade, Greendale School, Franklin Park, New Jersey, 08852. ... A Senate Majority Leader is a politician within a Senate who leads the majority party, or majority coalition, of sitting senators. ... Thomas Andrew Daschle (born December 9, 1947), known as Tom Daschle, was a U.S. Senator from South Dakota and the Senate Majority Leader. ... September 18 is the 261st day of the year (262nd in leap years). ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Nickname: Trent, T-Town Location of Trenton inside of Mercer County Coordinates: Country United States State New Jersey County Mercer County Founded circa 1719 Mayor Douglas H. Palmer Area - City 21. ... The 2001 anthrax attacks in the United States, also known as Amerithrax from its FBI case name, occurred over the course of several weeks beginning on September 18, 2001 (a week after the September 11, 2001 attacks). ...

2004-05 gubernatorial vacancy

Former Governor James E. McGreevey resigned on November 15, 2004 after charges of pay-to-play and extortion scandals involving the impropriety of the appointment of an unqualified long rumored homosexual love interest. New Jersey had no Lieutenant Governor position at the time, leaving a vacancy in the office. Senate President Richard Codey served as Acting Governor (then Governor) in McGreevey's place. Jon Corzine was elected Governor of New Jersey on November 8, 2005, and took office on January 17, 2006. On Election Day, November 8, 2005, the voters passed an amendment to the state constitution creating the position of Lieutenant Governor, effective with the 2009 elections.
Picture of U.S. Senator Jon Corzine. ... Picture of U.S. Senator Jon Corzine. ... Jon Stevens Corzine (born January 1, 1947) is the current Governor of New Jersey. ... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... James Edward Jim McGreevey (born August 6, 1957) is a United States Democratic politician. ... November 15 is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 46 days remaining. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This page is a candidate to be moved to Wiktionary. ... Richard Codey, Governor of New Jersey Richard James Codey (born November 27, 1946 in Orange, New Jersey) is an American politician. ... Jon Stevens Corzine (born January 1, 1947) is the current Governor of New Jersey. ... For other uses, see Governor (disambiguation). ... November 8 is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 53 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... January 17 is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... More than one country has a day called Election Day. ... November 8 is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 53 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A Lieutenant Governor is a government official who is the subordinate or deputy of a Governor or Governor-General. ...

Contents

Prehistory

Colonial history

New Netherland

New Sweden

Province

American Revolution

Nineteenth century

Industrial Revolution

War and slavery

Twentieth century

Early 1900s and World War I

Roaring Twenties

Great Depression era

World War II and the 1940s

Late twentieth century

Twenty-first century

Terrorist attacks

2004-05 gubernatorial vacancy

See also

Notes and references

External links

Contents

Prehistory GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Colonial history

New Netherland

New Sweden

Province

American Revolution

Nineteenth century

Industrial Revolution

War and slavery

Twentieth century

Early 1900s and World War I

Roaring Twenties

Great Depression era

World War II and the 1940s

Late twentieth century

Twenty-first century

Terrorist attacks

2004-05 gubernatorial vacancy

See also

Notes and references

External links

Prehistory