New York, the "Empire State" has been at the center of American politics, finance, industry, transportation and culture since it was created by the Dutch in the 17th century. This article is about the state. ... States which were part of New Netherlands Map based on Adriaen Blocks 1614 expedition to New Netherland, featuring the first use of the name. ... A map of the Province of New York. ... Midtown Manhattan, New York City, from Rockefeller Center, 1932. ...

Early History

An early Dutch map of the Hudson river valley c. 1635 (North is to the right)

The western part of New York had been settled by the six nations of the Iroquois Confederacy for at least 500 years before Europeans came. The Iroquois had maintained the area between Seneca and Cayuga Lakes as a grassland prairie, which abounded in wild game including grazing American Bison herds. In colonial times, the Iroquois were prosperously growing corn, vegetables and orchards, and keeping cows and hogs; fish were also abundant. Image File history File links Blaeu_-_Nova_Belgica_et_Anglia_Nova_(Detail_Hudson_Area). ... Image File history File links Blaeu_-_Nova_Belgica_et_Anglia_Nova_(Detail_Hudson_Area). ... For other uses, see Iroquois (disambiguation). ... Seneca Lake, one of western New Yorks glacial Finger Lakes, is the largest lake entirely within New York and second deepest lake in the United States, when gauged by its depth below sea level. ... Binomial name (Linnaeus, 1758) Subspecies B. b. ...

The far-southern area around what is now New York City was long inhabited by the Lenape; Lenape in canoes met Giovanni da Verrazzano, the first European explorer to enter New York Harbor, in 1524. Giovanni da Verrazzano named this place Nouvelle Angoulême (New Angouleme) in honor of the French king François I. A French explorer and mapper, Samuel de Champlain, described his explorations through New York in 1608. For the language, see Lenape language. ... Giovanni da Verrazzano (c. ... New York Harbor, a geographic term, refers collectively to the rivers, bays, and tidal estuaries near the mouth of the Hudson River in the vicinity of New York City. ... Giovanni da Verrazzano (c. ... Angoulême is a town in southwestern France, préfecture ( capital city) of the Charente département. ... Francis I of France (French: François Ier) (September 12, 1494 – March 31, 1547), called the Father and Restorer of Letters (le Père et Restaurateur des Lettres), was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547. ... Statue symbolizing Samuel de Champlain in Ottawa. ...

Province of New Netherland

See New Netherland (1624 - 1667) States which were part of New Netherlands Map based on Adriaen Blocks 1614 expedition to New Netherland, featuring the first use of the name. ...

Province of New York

Main article: Province of New York

In 1663 the Duke of York purchased the grant of Long Island and other islands on the New England coast made in 1635 to the Earl of Stirling. The following year, the Duke equipped an armed expedition, which took possession of New Amsterdam, which was thenceforth called Province of New York, after him.^[1][2] This conquest was confirmed by the treaty of Breda, in July 1667. In July 1673, a Dutch fleet recaptured New York and held it until it was restored to the English by the treaty of Westminster in February, 1674. A map of the Province of New York. ... James II and VII (14 October 1633 – 16 September 1701)[2] was King of England, King of Scotland,[1] and King of Ireland from 6 February 1685 to 11 December 1688. ... This article is about the island in New York State. ... This article is about the region in the United States of America. ... The title of Earl of Stirling was created in the Peerage of Scotland in 1633. ... This article is about the settlement in present-day New York City. ... A map of the Province of New York. ... The Treaty of Breda was signed at the Dutch city of Breda, July 31, 1667, by England, the Dutch Republic, France, and Denmark. ... Treaty of Westminster is the title of several treaties, including: Treaty of Westminster (1153) Treaty of Westminster (1461) Treaty of Westminster (1511) Treaty of Westminster (1654); ending the First Anglo-Dutch War Treaty of Westminster (1674); ending the Third Anglo-Dutch War Treaty of Westminster (1755) The Statute of Westminster...

The Province of New York was established by its colonial charter of 1664. The colonial charter of New York granted unlimited westward expansion, despite Native American presence in the Area. Massachusetts' charter had the same provision, causing territorial disputes between the colonies and with the Iroquois. The separate colony of New Jersey was created out of the southwestern part of New Netherland, and the far southwestern portion given to Pennsylvania. A map of the Province of New York. ... A Colonial Charter is a document that gave colonies the legal rights to exist. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... For other uses, see Iroquois (disambiguation). ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ...

There lay a vast tract of land from the upper Mohawk River to Lake Erie, that was thinly occupied by the Iroquois and virtually unknown to the colonists. Since the colonial charters of both Massachusetts and New York granted unlimited westward expansion, the claim to this tract was disputed. There were also many tensions between the original Dutch settlers in the Hudson and Mohawk Valleys and the English who were rapidly arriving in Eastern New York, and the Germans were also establishing settlements in the Mohawk area. The Mohawk River is a major waterway in north-central New York, United States. ... Lake Erie (pronounced ) is the tenth largest lake on Earth[2] and, of the five Great Lakes of North America, is the fourth largest by surface area, the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... For the magazine, see Hudson Valley (magazine). ... The Mohawk Valley region of the U.S. state of New York includes the industrialized cities of Utica and Rome, along with other smaller commercial centers. ...

American Revolution

The Patriot organization, the Sons of Liberty, were active in New York in the 1760s and early 1770s following the Stamp Acts and continuing with the Intolerable Acts, and clashes with British troops peaked with the Battle of Golden Hill and the long-running skirmishes over Liberty poles. A Committee of Correspondence was created by Patriots by 1774 to coordinate with like-minded people in the Thirteen Colonies seeking to demand what they saw were their rights as Englishmen denied by the preceding laws and lack of representation in the British Parliament. The Commitees of Correspondence led to the creation of the New York Provincial Congress, which effectively replaced the British ruling apparatus by 1775. The New York Provincial Congress sent delegates to the Second Continental Congress, where they voted for independence unanimously. The state of New York was created on July 9, 1776. Soon after, a permanent Committee for Detecting and Defeating Conspiracies was formed which passed many laws allowing the prosecution of proven or suspected enemies of the rebellion. After their civil rights were revoked and their property confiscated they were driven out of the state (see Bill of attainder). In 1777, the state required a stringent oath of allegiance from its citizens, those who refused were exiled to British-occupied New York City. The New York Provincial Congress was replaced with the state government with the adoption of the Constitution of New York, 1777. This article concerns Patriots in the American Revolutionary War. ... This article discusses the early American patriot group. ... A stamp act is a law enacted by a government that requires a tax to be paid on the transfer of certain documents. ... This British cartoon depicting the Intolerable Acts as an assault upon a Native American woman (a symbol of the American colonies) was copied and distributed throughout the Thirteen Colonies. ... The Liberty Boys erected several poles with banners to celebrate the repeal of the Stamp Act. ... A Liberty pole is a tall flagstaff planted in the ground, often surmounted by an ensign or a liberty cap (see Phrygian cap). ... For other uses, see Committee of correspondence (disambiguation). ... In 1775, the British claimed authority over the red and pink areas on this map and Spain ruled the orange. ... This article is considered orphaned, since there are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... No taxation without representation was a slogan in the period 1763–1776 that summarized a primary grievance of the American colonists in the thirteen American colonies. ... The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative institution in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories (it alone has parliamentary sovereignty). ... The New York Provincial Congress was an organization formed by rebels in 1775, during the American Revolution, as a replacement for the Province of New York Assembly, and as a replacement for the Committee of Sixty. ... John Trumbulls Declaration of Independence depicts the five-man drafting committee presenting the first draft of the Declaration of Independence to the Second Continental Congress. ... The United States Declaration of Independence was an act of the Second Continental Congress, adopted on July 4, 1776, which declared that the Thirteen Colonies in North America were Free and Independent States and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to... A bill of attainder (also known as an act or writ of attainder) is an act of legislature declaring a person or group of persons guilty of some crime, and punishing them, without benefit of a trial. ... The first Constitution of New York was ratified April 20, 1777. ...

The Capture of Fort Ticonderoga provided the cannon and gunpowder necessary to force a British withdrawal from the Siege of Boston in 1775, and provided the staging ground for the unsuccessful 1775 invasion of Canada. The first major battle of the American Revolutionary War after independence was declared - and the largest battle of the entire war - was fought in New York at the Battle of Long Island (a.k.a Battle of Brooklyn) in 1776. New York saw the Battle of Valcour Island on Lake Champlain that year as well. The withdrawal of General George Washington from Manhattan Island was followed by the British making New York City their military and political base of operations in North America for the duration of the conflict, and consequently the center of attention for Washington's intelligence network. The notorious British prison ships of Wallabout Bay saw more American combatants die of intentional neglect than were killed in combat in every battle of the war, combined. The first of two major British armies to surrender during the war was captured by the Continental Army at the Battle of Saratoga in 1777, preventing British forces from connecting their forces in Canada with those in New York City, and resulted in influencing France to ally with the revolutionaries. In 1780, Benedict Arnold unsuccessfully attempted to turn West Point over to the British, a move that would have given the British control of the Hudson Valley. As per the Treaty of Paris. the last vestige of British authority in the former Thirteen Colonies - their troops in New York City - departed in 1783 , which was long afterwards celebrated as Evacuation Day. Combatants Vermont, Connecticut Great Britain Commanders Ethan Allen, Benedict Arnold William Delaplace Strength 83 48 Casualties None 48 captured The capture of Fort Ticonderoga was an event early in the American Revolutionary War. ... Combatants Continental Army Great Britain Commanders George Washington William Howe The Fortification of Dorchester Heights was a decisive action early in the American Revolutionary War, which led to the British evacuation of Boston, ending the ongoing siege of Boston. ... Combatants New England militia, Continental Army Great Britain Commanders Artemas Ward, George Washington Thomas Gage, William Howe Strength 17,000 The Siege of Boston (April 19, 1775 – March 17, 1776) was the opening phase of the American Revolutionary War, in which New England militiamen—and then the Continental Army—surrounded... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This article is about military actions only. ... Combatants United States Kingdom of Great Britain Commanders George Washington, Israel Putnam William Howe, Charles Cornwallis, Henry Clinton Strength 11,000-13,000 unknown, nearly 20,000 (about 10,000 of which were militia ) 22,000 (including 9,000 Hessians) Casualties 1,719 total (312 dead, 1,407 wounded, captured... The Battle of Valcour Island, 11 October 1776, also known as Battle of Valcour Bay, was a naval engagement fought on Lake Champlain in a narrow strait between the New York mainland and Valcour Island. ... For ships named after the lake, see USS Lake Champlain. ... George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799)[1] led Americas Continental Army to victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), and in 1789 was elected the first President of the United States of America. ... Like many wars, much of the American Revolutionary War was fought by means other then the armies of George Washington, Howe, John Burgoyne, and Cornwallis. ... A small body of water along the northwest shore of Brooklyn, New York. ... HMS Jersey was a British Royal Navy vessel most noted for serving as a prison ship in the American Revolutionary War. ... The Continental Army was an army formed after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America. ... Combatants British 9th/Hill, 20th/Lynd, 21st/ Hamilton, 62nd/Ansthruter, Simon Fraser Brunswick Major Generals V. Riedesel, 1st Brigade (Brunswickers) Brig. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... For other persons named Benedict Arnold, see Benedict Arnold (disambiguation). ... West Point painting West Point is a federal military base (and a census-designated place) located in the Town of Highlands in Orange County, New York. ... Painting by Benjamin West depicting (from left to right) John Jay, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Henry Laurens, and William Temple Franklin. ... In 1775, the British claimed authority over the red and pink areas on this map and Spain ruled the orange. ... Evacuation Day on November 25 marks the day in 1783 when the last vestige of British authority in the United States — its troops in New York — departed from Manhattan. ...

During the revolution, four of the Iroquois nations fought on the side of the British, with the exceptions of the Oneida and the Tuscarora. In 1779, Major General John Sullivan was sent to defeat the Iroquois. The Sullivan Expedition moved northward through the Finger Lakes and Genesee Country, burning all the Iroquois communities and destroying their crops and orchards. Refugees fled to Fort Niagara where they spent the following winter in hunger and misery. Hundreds died of exposure, hunger and disease. After the war, many moved to Canada. Most, absent or present, lost their land after the war. Some of the land purchases are the subject of modern-day claims by the individual tribes. This article is about military actions only. ... For other uses, see Iroquois (disambiguation). ... Oneida is the name of several places in the United States of America, derived from the Oneida tribe of the Iroquois: Oneida, Illinois Oneida, Kansas Oneida, Kentucky in Clay County, Kentucky, home of Oneida Baptist Institute Oneida, New York Oneida, Pennsylvania Oneida, Tennessee Oneida (town), Wisconsin in Outgamie County Oneida... The Tuscarora are an American Indian tribe originally in North Carolina, which moved north to New York, and then partially into Canada. ... John Sullivan (b. ... The Sullivan Expedition, also known as the Sullivan-Clinton Expedition, was a campaign led by Major General John Sullivan and General James Clinton against Loyalists (Tories) and the four nations of the Iroquois who had sided with the British in the American Revolutionary War. ... The Finger Lakes, a major tourist destination in the west-central section of Upstate New York, are actually eleven in number, but only seven of the largest are commonly identified as such. ... Map of the Holland Purchase The Holland Land Company was formed in 1796 by Wilheim Willink and a group of fellow Dutch bankers to purchase from Robert Morris a large tract of land in what is now western New York State, an area later known as the Holland Purchase. ... Historical recreation actors at Old Fort Niagara Fort Niagara is a three hundred-year-old fortification originally built to protect the interests of New France in northern North America. ...

Early national period: 1783-1820

Sullivan's men returned from the campaign to Pennsylvania and New England to tell of the enormous wealth of this new territory. Many of them were given land grants in gratitude for their service in the Revolution. From 1786 through 1797 several groups of wealthy land speculators entered into agreements with one another, with neighboring states, and with the Indians to obtain title to vast tracts of land in western New York. Some purchases of Iroquois lands are the subject of numerous modern-day land claims by the individual nations of the Six Nations. This article is about the U.S. State. ... This article is about the region in the United States of America. ... Central New Yorks Military Tract townships. ... For other uses, see Iroquois (disambiguation). ...

For the Oneida nation's assistance in defeating the British, primarily assisting General Washington's army at Valley Forge, then President Washington while on tour of the Mohawk Valley signed the Treaty of Canandaigua. This Treaty promised the Oneidas among other things a large swath of land from Pennsylvania to Canada, forever. The Treaty was violated in the mid-1800s by New York State. This became the basis for the present land claim dispute. Oneida is the name of several places in the United States of America, derived from the Oneida tribe of the Iroquois: Oneida, Illinois Oneida, Kansas Oneida, Kentucky in Clay County, Kentucky, home of Oneida Baptist Institute Oneida, New York Oneida, Pennsylvania Oneida, Tennessee Oneida (town), Wisconsin in Outgamie County Oneida... The Treaty of Canandaigua, a treaty establishing peace and friendship between the United States of America and the Six Nations of the Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), and affirming Haudenosaunee land rights in New York State, was the first diplomatic agreement entered into by the United States of America under its current Constitution. ...

After the end of the American Revolutionary War, Isaac Sears and others, in New York City, revived the Sons of Liberty. In March 1784, they rallied an enormous crowd which called for the expulsion of any remaining Loyalists from the state starting on May 1. The Sons of Liberty gained sufficient seats in the December, 1784 election to have enacted punitive Loyalist laws. These laws remained in effect until, 1786 when Loyalists not banned by name were allowed to return to the state, 1788 when confiscation of Loyalist property was stopped, and 1792 when those banned by name were allowed to return to the state provided they did not contest their previous forfeiture of their property.^{[citation needed]} This article is about military actions only. ... Col Isaac King Sears (abt July 1 1730 - October 28, 1786) was an American merchant, captain, privateer and politician who played an important role in the American Revolution. ...

This article or section's coverage of a controversial issue may be inaccurate or unbalanced in favour of certain viewpoints. Please improve the article by adding information on neglected viewpoints, or discuss the issue on the talk page.

After a furious controversy, led by Alexander Hamilton, New York ratified the new federal United States Constitution, on July 26, 1788, and New York became the 11th state in the union with New York City being its national capital (until 1790). Alexander Hamilton (November 20, 1755 or 1757 - July 12, 1804) was the first Secretary of the Treasury of the United States, lawyer, Founding Father, American politician, leading statesman, political economist,] financier, and political theorist. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: The United States Constitution The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States of America. ... is the 207th day of the year (208th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1788 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

All or part of this article may be confusing or unclear. Please help clarify the article. Suggestions may be on the talk page. (December 2007)

The Erie Canal

Main article: Erie Canal The Erie Canal (currently part of the New York State Canal System) is a canal in New York State, United States, that runs from the Hudson River to Lake Erie, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. ...

Roads of the era were quite poor and often muddy, rutted, and narrow. Cargo capacity was limited to what a small wagon could carry, and daily progress was measured in a few miles per day. Ships, which were typically faster, could easily navigate up the Hudson to Albany, but no further. The Mohawk River provided a route to the central part of the state, but due to rapids and falls along its course, was suitable only for canoes and small bateaux (which could be portaged around the obstacles). From 1807 there was much talk of building a canal system. Governor DeWitt Clinton became the chief sponsor, and in 1817 the first portion of a canal was begun, to connect the Hudson River with Lake Erie (and thence to the rest of the Great Lakes). The easy part was built first, a series of bypasses of rapids on the Mohawk River. Later sections were cut through the wilderness, often with Irish immigrant labor. , The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk in Mahican, the Great Mohegan by the Iroquois,[1][2][3] or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami, Muhheakantuck, Θkahnéhtati[4] in Tuscarora), is a river that runs through the eastern portion of New York State and... The Mohawk River is a major waterway in north-central New York, United States. ... DeWitt Clinton. ... Lake Erie (pronounced ) is the tenth largest lake on Earth[2] and, of the five Great Lakes of North America, is the fourth largest by surface area, the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume. ... The Great Lakes from space The Laurentian Great Lakes are a group of five large lakes in North America on or near the Canada-United States border. ...

Though there was opposition, and the canal was derisively called "Clinton's Ditch" or worse, "Clinton's Folly," the canal was finally completed in 1825. Officially the event was celebrated by cannon shots along the length, and by Governor Clinton ceremonially pouring Lake Erie water into the New York Harbor in the "Wedding of the Waters." The Erie Canal proved to be a stroke of genius, as settlers now poured from New England, Eastern New York and Europe into the central and western part of the state. Others went on to Ohio and Michigan. The Canal was the first serious route for settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains, which had previously been a geographic barrier. Now upstate farms and industries could easily ship their products to the large and growing market of New York City and beyond. The canal shortened the trip across the state of New York from weeks to days. The cost of shipping cargo dropped precipitously as well. New York Harbor, a geographic term, refers collectively to the rivers, bays, and tidal estuaries near the mouth of the Hudson River in the vicinity of New York City. ... The Erie Canal (currently part of the New York State Canal System) is a canal in New York State, United States, that runs from the Hudson River to Lake Erie, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. ... The Appalachian Mountains are a vast system of mountains in eastern North America. ... For other uses, see Farm (disambiguation). ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ...

The Erie Canal, though no longer so important a trade route (it is supplanted by railroads and highways) still defines the central commerce belt of New York State. The port city of Buffalo, Lockport, where the canal crossed a great limestone ridge, mill-town and beautiful 'Flower City' Rochester on the Genessee, and many smaller cities owe their growth, perhaps even their existence, to the Erie. Connecting canals were also built to Lake Ontario and the larger Finger Lakes. The success of the Erie Canal in led in turn to a series of other canals throughout the Northern US. This is the top-level page of WikiProject trains Rail tracks Rail transport refers to the land transport of passengers and goods along railways or railroads. ... For other uses, see Highway (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Port (disambiguation). ... Nickname: Location of Buffalo in New York State Coordinates: , Country State County Erie First Settled 1789 Founded 1801 Incorporated (City) 1832 Government  - Mayor Byron Brown (D) Area  - City 52. ... Lockport is the name of several places In Canada: Town of Lockport, Manitoba. ... There is also a Rochester in Ulster County, New York; for that town see Rochester, Ulster County, New York. ... Lake Ontario, bounded on the north by the Canadian province of Ontario and on the south by Ontarios Niagara Peninsula and by New York State, USA, is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. ... New Yorks Finger Lakes The Finger Lakes are glacially formed lakes in upstate New York, mainly linear in shape, each lake oriented on a north-south axis. ...

Settlement of Northern New York

In 1791, [Alex Bahret (1748 - 1831)|had gotten rich as a merchant in the American Revolution, bought 3,670,715 acres (14,855 km²) of northern New York at about twelve cents an acre. The tract, that ran along the St. Lawrence River and eastern Lake Ontario, including the Thousand Islands, was divided into ten large townships; the deeds for all the lands that are now included in Lewis, Jefferson, St. Lawrence and Franklin Counties, as well as portions of Herkimer and Oswego Counties are derived from this purchase. The land was divided into townships and sections for sale. See also the history of the Adirondacks. John Trumbulls Declaration of Independence, showing the five-man committee in charge of drafting the Declaration in 1776 as it presents its work to the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia The American Revolution refers to the period during the last half of the 18th century in which the Thirteen... The Saint Lawrence River (French fleuve Saint-Laurent) is a large west-to-east flowing river in the middle latitudes of North America, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. ... Lake Ontario, bounded on the north by the Canadian province of Ontario and on the south by Ontarios Niagara Peninsula and by New York State, USA, is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. ... For other uses, see Thousand Islands (disambiguation). ... Lewis County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. ... Jefferson County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. ... St. ... Franklin County is a county located in the state of New York. ... Herkimer County is a county located in the state of New York. ... Oswego County is a county located in the state of New York. ... Some factual claims in this article need to be verified. ...

Empire state industrializes: 1820-1920

Pre-Civil War

Upstate New York was the "Burned-Over District", a zone of intense religious and reform activity typified by revivalist Charles Grandison Finney. The Burned-Over District was a name given by evangelist Charles Grandison Finney to an area in western New York State in the United States of America. ... Charles G. Finney Charles Grandison Finney (August 29, 1792 – August 16, 1875), often called Americas foremost revivalist, was a major leader of the Second Great Awakening in America, which had a great impact on the social history of the United States of America. ...

Two denominations emerged: the Seventh-day Adventist Church and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. Benevolent reform movements (establishing Sunday Schools, and orphanages), temperance groups (abolishing the consumption of alcohol), antislavery societies, and women’s rights activists also found enthusiastic supporters in upstate New York between 1825 and 1860. Social experiments in communal living appeared in utopian communities at Oneida and Skaneateles; the best known are the Shaker villages near Albany. Historian Alice Felt Tyler called it a "ferment of reform." The Seventh-day Adventist (abbreviated Adventist[3]) Church is a Protestant Christian denomination which is distinguished mainly by its observance of Saturday, the original seventh day of the Judeo-Christian week, as the Sabbath. ... The title Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints can refer to: the Church of Christ (Mormonism), the first church organization within the Latter Day Saint movement; The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the largest denomination within the Latter Day Saint movement; the Church of Jesus... Oneida is the name of several places in the United States of America, derived from the Oneida tribe of the Iroquois: Oneida, Illinois Oneida, Kansas Oneida, Kentucky in Clay County, Kentucky, home of Oneida Baptist Institute Oneida, New York Oneida, Pennsylvania Oneida, Tennessee Oneida (town), Wisconsin in Outgamie County Oneida... Skaneateles is the name of a town and village in Onondaga County, New York, as well as the name of a New York State lake, which means long lake in Iroquois: Skaneateles (village), New York Skaneateles (town), New York Skaneateles Lake This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which... The Shakers are an offshoot of the Religious Society of Friends (or Quakers) that originated in Manchester, England in the early 18th century. ...

At the same time, upstate New York was at the cutting edge of the transportation revolution, the agricultural revolution, the industrial revolution, and even the urban revolution. Turnpikes, canals, and railroads connected eastern cities with western markets. Especially important was the route from Albany to Buffalo, connected with the Seneca Turnpike (1803), Erie Canal (1825), and New York Central Railroad (1853). In agriculture, New York’s farmland, much of it former Haudenosaunee homeland, was some of the most productive in the nation. The Genesee country, from the Finger Lakes west, became known as the breadbasket of the nation for its extraordinary grain production. At key sites (such at Troy-Cohoes, the Sauquoit Creek west of Utica, Oswego, Seneca Falls, and Rochester), rapid-flowing rivers offered power for major industrial sites. In terms of urban growth, cities in New York State, along with those in the rest of the country, grew more rapidly between 1820 and 1860 than in any other period in U.S. history. The Seneca Turnpike is a road originally extending from Fort Schuyler (Utica, New York) to Canandaigua, New York. ... For the current company, see New York Central Lines LLC. The New York Central Railroad (AAR reporting marks NYC), known simply as the New York Central in its publicity, was a railroad operating in the Northeastern United States. ...

Following these expanding economic opportunities, people (including African Americans as well as European Americans of many different backgrounds) poured into upstate New York. They came from several different culture hearths—New England Yankees, Dutch and Yorkers from eastern New York, Germans and Scots Irish from Pennsylvania, and immigrants from England and Ireland. Upstate New York State became a place where people of many different backgrounds moved rapidly into the same area and created a volatile combination of voices and dramatic new movements.

Civil War

Although New York State was not the scene of any battles, its involvement in the Union war effort was considerable.

Draft Riots

Main article: New York Draft Riots

The New York Draft Riots (July 11 to July 16, 1863; known at the time as Draft Week^[3]), were violent disturbances in New York City that were the culmination of discontent with new laws passed by Congress to draft men to fight in the ongoing American Civil War. The riots were the largest civil insurrection in American history apart from the American Civil War.^[4] President Abraham Lincoln sent several regiments of militia and volunteer troops to control the city. The rioters numbered in the thousands and were mainly Irish.^[5] Smaller scale riots erupted in other cities about the same time. Casualties and losses 120[1], although counts vary by sources. ... is the 192nd day of the year (193rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 197th day of the year (198th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1863 (MDCCCLXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Teamsters, armed with pipes, riot in a clash with riot police in the Minneapolis Teamsters Strike of 1934. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political... Conscription in the United States has been employed several times, usually during war but also during the nominal peace of the Cold War. ... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... For other uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation). ...

Gilded Age

Railroads became the dominant transport after the war, though the traffic of steamboats and canal boats continued to increase. The victorious Republican Party split into acrimonious factions over questions of patronage, while the Tammany Hall machine of the Democrats in New York City perfected their system of looting public funds. Continued immigration and economic growth brought an urbanized majority. Tammany Hall was the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in controlling New York City politics from the 1790s to the 1960s. ...

Progressive Era

The governorships of Theodore Roosevelt, Charles Evans Hughes and Al Smith made New York a major factor in the Progressive Era. For other persons named Theodore Roosevelt, see Theodore Roosevelt (disambiguation). ... Charles Evans Hughes, Sr. ... Alfred Emanuel Al Smith (December 30, 1873 – October 4, 1944) was Governor of New York, and Democratic U.S. presidential candidate in 1928. ... In the United States, the Progressive Era was a period of reform which lasted from the 1890s to the 1920s. ...

Modern state: 1920-1975

Boom years: 1920-1929

Depression and war 1929-1945

WPA

Suburban growth

Politics: Smith, Lehman, Dewey,

Postmodern state: 1976-2008

Rustbelt economy

Service economy

Bibliography

Surveys

• Eisenstadt, Peter, Laura-Eve Moss, and Carole F. Huxley, eds. The Encyclopedia Of New York State (2005) 1900 pages of articles by experts.
• Ellis, David M., James A. Frost, Harold C. Syrett, and Harry J. Carman. A History of New York State. Rev. ed. Cornell University Press, 1967.
• Ellis, David M., James A. Frost, and William B. Fink. New York: The Empire State . 4th ed. Prentice-Hall, 1975.
• Flick, Alexander C. (ed.). History of the State of New York. 10 vol, 1933–37
• Hedrick, U.P. A History of Agriculture in the State of New York (1983)
• Jackson, Kenneth T. ed, The Encyclopedia of New York City (1995)
• Klein, Milton M., ed. The Empire State: A History of New York. Cornell University Press, 2001. the latest scholarly overview
• Thompson, J. H. ed., The Geography of New York State (rev. ed. 1977);

Pre 1820

• Becker, Carl Becker. The History of Political Parties in the Province of New York, 1760-1776. (1909).
• Bonomi, Patricia U. A Factious People: Politics and Society in Colonial New York. 1971.
• Countryman, Edward. A People In Revolution: The American Revolution and Political Society in New York, 1760-1790. 1981.
• DePauw, Linda. The Eleventh Pillar: New York State and the Federal Constitution. Cornell Univ. Press, 1966.
• Fox, Dixon Ryan. The Decline of the Aristocracy in the Politics of New York. Columbia Univ. Press, 1919.
• Kammen, Michael. Colonial New York: A History. 1975.
• Kenney, Alice P. Stubborn for Liberty: The Dutch in New York.Syracuse University Press, 1975.
• Kim, Sung Bok, Landlord and Tennant in Colonial New York: Manorial Society 1664-1775 (1978)
• McManus, Edgar J - A History of Negro Slavery in New York (1966)
• Spaulding, E. Wilder. New York in the Critical Period, 1781-1789. Columbia Univ. Press, 1932.
• Young, Alfred FE. The Democratic Republicans of New York: The Origins, 1763-1797. U. of North Carolina Press, 1967.

1820-1920

• Martin Bruegel. Farm, Shop, Landing: The Rise of a Market Society in the Hudson Valley, 1780-1860 (2002)
• Cross, Whitney R. The Burned Over District: The Social and Intellectual History of Enthusiastic Religion in Western New York, 1800-1850 (1950)
• Kaminski, John P. George Clinton: Yeoman Politician of the New Republic (1993)
• Niven, John. Martin Van Buren: The Romantic Age of American Politics (1983)
• Shaw, Ronald E. Erie Water West : a history of the Erie Canal, 1792-1854. (University of Kentucky Press, 1966)
• Van Dusen, Glyndon, William Henry Seward (1967)
• Yellowitz, Irwin. Labor and the Progressive Movement in New York State, 1897-1916. [1965].

1920-2006

• Bellush, Bernard; Franklin D. Roosevelt as Governor of New York (1955) online
• Connery, Robert H. and Gerald Benjamin. Governing New York State: The Rockefeller Years, (1974) online.
• Davis Kenneth S. FDR: The New York Years, 1928-1933. 1979.
• Galie, Peter J.; Ordered Liberty: A Constitutional History of New York (1996)
• Gallagher, Jay. The Politics of Decline, A Chronicle of New York's Descent and What You Can Do To Save Your State (2005), conservative critique
• Ingalls, Robert P. Herbert H. Lehman and New York's Little New Deal (1975)
• Liebschutz, Sarah F., Robert W. Bailey, Jeffrey M. Stonecash, Joseph F. Zimmerman, and Jane Shapiro Zacek; New York Politics & Government: Competition and Compassion (1998) textbook online
• McClelland, Peter D., and Alan L. Magdovitz, Crisis in the Making: The Political Economy of New York State since 1945 (1981)
• McElvaine Robert S. Mario Cuomo: A Biography. 1988.
• Marlin, George J. Squandered Opportunities: New York's Pataki Years (2006) by Conservative party activist
• Moscow Warren. Politics in the Empire State. 1948.
• Munger Frank J., and Ralph A. Straitz. New York Politics. 1960.
• Mumpower, Jeryl L., and Warren F. Ilchman, New York State in the Year 2000 (1988)
• New York State Writers' Program; New York: A Guide to the Empire State (1940) famous guidebook by WPA online
• Pecorella, Robert F., and Jeffrey M. Stonecash. Governing New York State (2006)
• Slayton, Robert A. Empire Statesman: The Rise and Redemption of Al Smith (2001)
• Smith, Richard Norton. Thomas E. Dewey and His Times. 1982,
• Stonecash, Jeffrey M., John K. White, and Peter W. Colby, eds., Governing New York State (1994)
• Thompson, John Henry. The Geography of New York State (1977)
• Zeller, Belle; Pressure Politics in New York: A Study of Group Representation before the Legislature (1937) online

See also

• History of New York City
• History of Long Island

Midtown Manhattan, New York City, from Rockefeller Center, 1932. ...

References

1. ^ New York State Facts: New York State History, New York State Department of State. Accessed July 3, 2007. "It was conquered by the English in 1664 and was then named New York in honor of the Duke of York."
2. ^ Yorks of the World, City of York (England) Tourism Bureau. Accessed July 3, 2007. "The most famous of York’s descendants, New York state and city were both renamed when the British captured what was then a Dutch colony known as New Netherlands (and its city New Amsterdam) in 1664. James Duke of York, brother of King Charles II, became the proprietor of the colony and so it was that the state and the city become called New York."
3. ^ Barnes 5
4. ^ Foner, E. (1988). Reconstruction America's unfinished revolution, 1863-1877. The New American Nation series. Page 32. New York: Harper & Row.
5. ^ The Riots. Harper's Weekly, volume vii, no 344 382, 394. Sonofthesouth.net. Retrieved on 2006-08-16.

is the 184th day of the year (185th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... For other uses, see York (disambiguation). ... is the 184th day of the year (185th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... New Netherland (Dutch Nieuw-Nederland, Latin: Nova Belgica) was the territory claimed by the Netherlands on the eastern coast of North America in the 17th century. ... Teresa Bagioli Sickles confession, 1859 Harpers Weekly (A Journal of Civilization) was an American political magazine based in New York City. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• New York History Net
• New York State Historical Association
• New York State History, a journal sponsored by SUNY-Albany
• New York History Review, a free online journal
• New York Local Histories (over 500)
• Annotated Bibliography of Selected New York State Maps: 1793-1900
• The Crooked Lake Review A New York history journal with numerous articles online
• How the Sullivan-Clinton Campaign Made the Empire State Possible
• 1911 Britannica article "New York"
• New York State Historical Literature Cornell University Library Digital Collection

v • d • e   State of New York Albany (capital) Topics Administrative divisions · Congressional districts · Demographics · Economy · Education · Elections · Geography · Government · History · People · Politics · Transportation Image File history File links Flag_of_New_York. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      A U.S. state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of... This article is about the state. ... For other uses, see Albany. ... Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, site of first U.S. capital. ... New York population distribution According to the U.S. Census Bureau, as of 2006, New York was the third largest state in population after California and Texas, with an estimated population of 19,306,183 [1], which is a decrease of -9,538 from the prior year and an increase... Some pages with election results are The NYS Board of Elections and Polidata. ... The Politics of New York State tend to be more left-leaning than in most of the rest of the United States, with in recent decades a solid majority of Democratic voters, concentrated in New York City and its suburbs, and in the cities of Buffalo, Rochester and Albany. ... Regions Adirondack Mountains · Allegheny Plateau · Capital District · Catskill Mountains · Central · Champlain Valley · City of New York · Finger Lakes · Holland Purchase · Hudson Highlands · Hudson Valley · Long Island · Mohawk Valley · New York Metro · North Country · Ridge and Valley · Saint Lawrence Seaway · Shawangunks · Ski country · Southern Tier · Thousand Islands · Upstate · Western This list of regions of the United States includes official (governmental) and non-official areas within the borders of the United States, not including U.S. states, the federal district of Washington, D.C. or standard subentities such as cities or counties. ... Stream on the hike to the top of Ampersand Mountain The Adirondack mountain range is located in the northeastern part of New York that runs through Clinton, Essex, Franklin, Fulton, Hamilton, Herkimer, Lewis, St. ... Map of the Allegheny plateau. ... The Capital District is an imprecise regional definition (much like Upstate New York) that generally refers to the four counties surrounding Albany, the capital of New York: Albany County, Schenectady County, and Rensselaer County. ... The Catskill Mountains (also known as simply the Catskills), a natural area in New York State northwest of New York City and southwest of Albany are a mature dissected plateau, an uplifted region that was subsequently eroded into sharp relief. ... Central New York is a term used to broadly describe the central region of New York State, roughly including the following counties and cities: The region has a population of about 1,177,073. ... Champlain Valley is a region of the United States around Lake Champlain in Vermont and New York. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... The Finger Lakes, a major tourist destination in the west-central section of Upstate New York, are actually eleven in number, but only seven of the largest are commonly identified as such. ... Map of the Holland Purchase The Holland Purchase is a large tract of land in what is now western New York State. ... Wind Gate, the northern entrance to the Hudson Highlands, as seen from Newburgh. ... For the magazine, see Hudson Valley (magazine). ... This article is about the island in New York State. ... The Mohawk Valley region of the U.S. state of New York includes the industrialized cities of Utica and Rome, along with other smaller commercial centers. ... New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island is the most populous metropolitan area in the United States and is also one of the most populous in the world . ... The North Country describes the extreme northern frontier of the United States state of New York, bordering Lake Ontario, the Saint Lawrence River (across from the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec), Vermont, and the Adirondack Mountains. ... Ridges and valleys near Bristol, Tennessee The Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians, also called the Ridge and Valley Province or the Valley and Ridge Appalachians, are a physiographic province of the larger Appalachian division and are also a belt within the Appalachian Mountains extending from northern New Jersey westward into Pennsylvania... The Eisenhower Locks in Massena, NY. The St. ... Shawangunk Ridge from south of New Paltz, N.Y. The Shawangunk Ridge (also known as the Shawangunk Mountains, or The Gunks; pronounced by some locals as SHONG-gum, (/ˈʃɑŋgÊŒm/)) is a ridge of mountains in Ulster County, Sullivan County and Orange County in the state of New York, extending... The Southern Tier is a geographical term that refers to the counties of upstate New York State west of the Catskill Mountains along the northern border of Pennsylvania, with the exception of the counties in the far west of the state near the city of Buffalo. ... For other uses, see Thousand Islands (disambiguation). ... The areas highlighted in YELLOW and GREEN are those which are considered to be a bona fide part of Upstate New York from the perspective of New York City. ... Western New York refers to the westernmost region of New York State. ... Metro areas Albany/Schenectady/Troy/Saratoga Springs · Binghamton · Buffalo/Niagara Falls · Elmira/Corning · Glens Falls · Ithaca · Jamestown · Newburgh/Middletown · New York City · Poughkeepsie · Rochester · Syracuse · Utica/Rome This List of the 62 cities in New York State, USA, is an alphabetic list that also gives the primary county in which each city is located. ... For other uses, see Albany. ... Schenectady (IPA ) is a city in Schenectady County, New York, United States, of which it is the county seat. ... Looking west down Broadway at downtown Troy. ... Saratoga Springs redirects here. ... This article is about the City of Binghamton, New York. ... Nickname: Location of Buffalo in New York State Coordinates: , Country State County Erie First Settled 1789 Founded 1801 Incorporated (City) 1832 Government  - Mayor Byron Brown (D) Area  - City 52. ... Niagara Falls is a city in Niagara County, New York, United States. ... Location in Chemung County in the state of New York Coordinates: , Country State County Chemung County Government  - Mayor John S. Tonello (D) Area  - City  7. ... Rockwell Museum Corning is a city in Steuben County, New York, United States, on the Chemung River. ... Glens Falls is a city in Warren County, New York, United States. ... The City of Ithaca (named for the Greek island of Ithaca) sits on the southern shore of Cayuga Lake, in Central New York State. ... Jamestown is a city in Chautauqua County, New York in the United States. ... For other places with the same name, see Newburgh. ... Erie Railroad, Middletown Station, James Street, July, 1971. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... Poughkeepsie redirects here. ... This article is about the city of Rochester in Monroe County. ... Nickname: Location of Syracuse within the state of New York Coordinates: , City Government  - Mayor Matthew Driscoll (D) Area  - City 66. ... Utica, New York is a city in the state of New York, and the county seat of Oneida County. ... Rome is a city in Oneida County, New York, United States. ... Counties Albany · Allegany · Bronx · Broome · Cattaraugus · Cayuga · Chautauqua · Chemung · Chenango · Clinton · Columbia · Cortland · Delaware · Dutchess · Erie · Essex · Franklin · Fulton · Genesee · Greene ·