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The area settled by the Saxons was bounded by the Eider river in the north, the North Sea towards the west, and the Elbe river in the south.
In 974 a conflict arises between the Franks and the Danes; the latter are defeated at the Danevirke, a series of ramparts begun in 737 between the Hollingstedt on the Treene river in the west and the head of the Sliefjord near Haithabu and the present-day Schleswig in the east.
In 1260, Mechtild, the widow of Duke Abel of Schleswig, mortgages her possessions between the Eider river and the Sliefjord in favour of her brothers the counts Gerhard I and Johann I. Other areas, such as the City of Eckernförde and the Danish Wold, are mortgaged in favour of the Holsteiners.
His reward was the duchy of Schleswig and the famous charter, known as the Constitutio Valdemariana, which laid down the principle The Con- that the duchy of South Jutland was never to be incor- T i e Con- porated in the kingdom of Denmark or ruled by the same tit utl sovereign (7 June 1326).
On Schleswig the Schauenburg counts had no claim; their election in Holstein would have separated the countries; and it was easy therefore for Christian to secure his election both as Char Charter of duke of Schleswig and count of Holstein (5 March 1460).
Schleswig, until the peace, was to be administered separately, under a mixed commission, Holstein was to be governed by a vicegerent of the German empire - an arrangement equally offensive to German and Danish sentiment.