A 1736 map of Sheffield

The history of Sheffield, a city in England, can be traced back to the founding of a settlement in a clearing beside the River Sheaf in the second half of the 1st millennium AD.^[1] The area had seen human occupation since at least the last ice age, but significant growth in the settlements that are now incorporated into the city did not occur until the industrial revolution. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (900x1000, 229 KB) Summary The 1736 Gosling Map of Sheffield, England. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (900x1000, 229 KB) Summary The 1736 Gosling Map of Sheffield, England. ... For other uses, see Sheffield (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... The River Sheaf is a river in South Yorkshire, England. ... Variations in CO2, temperature and dust from the Vostok ice core over the last 400 000 years For the animated movie, see Ice Age (movie). ... A Watt steam engine, the steam engine that propelled the Industrial Revolution in Britain and the world. ...

Following the Norman conquest, a castle was built to control the Saxon settlements and Sheffield developed into a small town, no larger than the modern city centre. By the 14th century Sheffield was noted for the production of knives, and by 1600 it had become the main centre of cutlery production in England, overseen by The Company of Cutlers in Hallamshire. In the 1740s the crucible steel process was improved by Sheffield resident Benjamin Huntsman, allowing a much better production quality. At about the same time, the silver plating process which produced Sheffield Plate was discovered. The associated industries led to the rapid growth of Sheffield; the town was incorporated as a Borough in 1843 and granted a city charter in 1893. Bayeux Tapestry depicting events leading to the Battle of Hastings The Norman Conquest of England was the conquest of the Kingdom of England by William the Conqueror (Duke of Normandy), in 1066 at the Battle of Hastings and the subsequent Norman control of England. ... Sheffield Castle was a castle in Sheffield, England, constructed at the confluence of the River Sheaf and the River Don on the site of a former Saxon long house, and dominating the early town. ... Shown within Sheffield Urban Area Sheffield City Centre—often just referred to as town—is a district of the City of Sheffield, and part of the Sheffield Central ward. ... Used cutlery: a plate, a fork and knife, and a drinking glass. ... The Company of Cutlers in Hallamshire is a trade guild of steelworkers based in Sheffield. ... Crucible steel describes a number of different techniques for making steel alloy by slowly heating and cooling iron and carbon (typically in the form of charcoal) in a crucible. ... Benjamin Huntsman (1704 - 1776), English inventor and steel-manufacturer, was born in Lincolnshire. ... Sheffield plate is a layered combination of silver and copper that was used for many years to produce larger silver goods such as serving trays and teapots. ... Look up Borough in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Historically, city status in England and Wales was associated with the presence of a cathedral, such as York Minster. ...

Sheffield remained a major industrial city throughout the first half of the 20th century, but the downturn in world trade following the 1973 oil crisis, technological improvements and economies of scale, and a wide-reaching rationalisation in steel production throughout the European Economic Community led to the closure of many of the steelworks from the early 1970s onward. Starting in the late 1980s, urban and economic regeneration schemes have transformed the city. The 1973 oil crisis began in earnest on October 17, 1973, when the members of Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC, consisting of the Arab members of OPEC plus Egypt and Syria) announced, as a result of the ongoing Yom Kippur War, that they would no longer ship petroleum... The European Community (EC), most important of three European Communities, was originally founded on March 25, 1957 by the signing of the Treaty of Rome under the name of European Economic Community. ...

Early history

Carl Wark, an Iron Age hill fort in southwest Sheffield

The earliest evidence of human occupation in the Sheffield area was found at Creswell Crags to the east of the city. Artefacts and rock art found in caves at this site have been dated by archaeologists to the late Upper Palaeolithic period, at least 12,800 years ago.^[2] Other prehistoric remains found in Sheffield include a Mesolithic "house"—a circle of stones in the shape of a hut-base dating to around 8000 BC, found at Deepcar, in the northern part of the city.^[3] Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (1,280 × 960 pixels, file size: 301 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) The content of this image was reviewed by JeremyA and afterwards uploaded by FlickrLickr. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (1,280 × 960 pixels, file size: 301 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) The content of this image was reviewed by JeremyA and afterwards uploaded by FlickrLickr. ... Map sources for Creswell Crags at grid reference SK536741 Creswell Crags is a limestone gorge on the Nottinghamshire-Derbyshire border, in the Midlands of England. ... The Upper Paleolithic or Palaeolithic is the third and last subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age as it is understood in Europe, Africa and Asia. ... Prehistory (Greek words προ = before and ιστορία = history) is the period of human history prior to the advent of writing (which marks the beginning of recorded history). ... The Mesolithic (Greek mesos=middle and lithos=stone or the Middle Stone Age[1]) was a period in the development of human technology between the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods of the Stone Age. ... Stocksbridge and Upper Don ward is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ...

During the Bronze Age (about 1500 BC) tribes sometimes called the Urn people started to settle in the area. They built numerous stone circles, examples of which can be found on Moscar Moor, Froggatt Edge and Hordron Edge. Two Early Bronze Age urns were found at Crookes in 1887,^[4] and three Middle Bronze Age barrows found at Lodge Moor (both suburbs of the modern city). The Bronze Age is a period in a civilizations development when the most advanced metalworking has developed the techniques of smelting copper from natural outcroppings and alloys it to cast bronze. ... The Urnfield culture of central European culture is dated roughly between 1300 BC and 750 BC. The name describes the custom of cremating the dead and placing them in cemeteries. ... Froggatt Edge is a gritstone escarpment in the county of Derbyshire, England. ... Crookes ward—which includes the districts of Crookes, Steelbank, Crosspool, and Sandygate—is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ... Fulwood ward is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ...

In the Iron Age the area became the southernmost territory of the Pennine tribe called the Brigantes. It is this tribe who are thought to have constructed the hill fort that stands on the summit of a steep hill above the River Don at Wincobank, in what is now northeastern Sheffield.^[1] Other Iron Age hill forts in the area are Carl Wark on Hathersage Moor to the southwest of Sheffield, and one at Scholes Wood, near Rotherham. To the south lay the territory of a rival tribe called the Corieltauvi who inhabited a large area of the northeastern Midlands.^[5] In the British Isles, the Iron Age lasted from about the 7th century BC until the Roman conquest and until the 5th century in non-Romanised parts. ... Typical Pennine scenery. ... The Brigantes were a British Celtic tribe which lived between Tyne and Humber. ... A hill fort is a fortified refuge or defended settlement, located to exploit a rise in elevation for military advantage. ... The River Don (also called Dun in some stretches) is a river in South Yorkshire, England. ... Wincobank (grid reference SK377910) is an Iron Age hill fort in the district of Sheffield, England of the same name. ... Carl Wark is a hill fort on Hathersage Moor in the Peak District of England. ... Scholes Coppice (also called Scholes Wood) in an area of ancient woodland located to the north-west of Kimberworth in the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham in South Yorkshire, England. ... There is also a Rotherham, New Zealand , Rotherham is a town in South Yorkshire, England. ... The Coritani, or Corieltauvi, were one of the Celtic tribes living in the British Islands, previous to the Roman invasion of Britain. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

The Roman invasion of Britain began in AD 43, and by 51 the Brigantes had submitted to the clientship of Rome,^[6] eventually being placed under direct rule in the early 70s.^[7] Few Roman remains have been found in the Sheffield area. A minor Roman road linking the Roman forts at Templeborough and Brough-on-Noe possibly ran through the centre of the area covered by the modern city, and Icknield Street is thought to have skirted its boundaries.^[8] The routes of these roads within this area are mostly unknown, although sections of the former can still be seen between Redmires and Stanage,^[8][9] and remains possibly linked to the latter were discovered in Brinsworth in 1949.^[10][11] In April 1761, tablets dating from the Roman period were found in the Rivelin Valley south of Stannington, close to the likely course of the Templeborough to Brough-on-Noe road. In addition there have been finds dating from the Roman period on Walkley Bank Road, which leads onto the valley bottom.^[12] Roman burial urns were also found at Bank Street near Sheffield Cathedral, which, along with the name of the old lane behind the church (Campo Lane^[13]), has led to speculation that there may have been a Roman camp at this site.^[14] However, it is unlikely that the settlement that grew into Sheffield existed at this time. Roman invasion of Britain: Britain was the target of invasion by forces of the Roman Republic and Roman Empire several times during its history. ... For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ... Not to be confused with Romans road. ... Templeborough (grid reference SK410916) is a district in the metropolitan borough of Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England. ... Hope is a village in the Derbyshire Peak District, in England. ... Icknield Street or Ryknild Street is a Roman road in Britain that runs from Bourton on the Water in Gloucestershire where it connected to the Fosse Way, to Rotherham in South Yorkshire, it went via Alcester, Redditch, the area now covered by Birmingham (where a large fort was located), Lichfield... See also Fulwood, Lancashire, in Preston and Fulwood, Nottinghamshire. ... Stanage Edge is an inland cliff in the Derbyshire Peak District, England, famous as a location for climbing. ... Brinsworth is a village and civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham, in South Yorkshire, England, between Rotherham (to the north-east) and Sheffield (to the south-east). ... One of many ponds on the River rivelin Rivelin Valley is a woodland valley in Sheffield, South Yorkshire. ... Stannington Ward—which includes the districts of Loxley, Stannington, and Worrall, and also the small villages of Dungworth, High Bradfield, and Low Bradfield—is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ... Sheffield Cathedral is the Church of England cathedral for the diocese of Sheffield, England. ...

The main Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms circa AD 600

Following the departure of the Romans, the Sheffield area may have been the southern part of the Celtic kingdom of Elmet, with the rivers Sheaf and Don forming part of the boundary between this kingdom and the kingdom of Mercia.^[15] Gradually, Anglian settlers pushed west from the kingdom of Deira. The Britons of Elmet delayed this English expansion into the early part of the 7th century, although the Sheffield area—being a border region—may have fallen to the Anglians at an earlier date.^{[citation needed]} However, an enduring Celtic presence within this area is evidenced by the settlements called Wales and Waleswood close to Sheffield — the word Wales derives from the Germanic word Walha, and was originally used by the Anglo-Saxons to refer to the native Britons.^[16] Download high resolution version (944x1104, 59 KB) Drawn by iMeowbot. ... Download high resolution version (944x1104, 59 KB) Drawn by iMeowbot. ... This article is about the European people. ... Elmet is an area close to Leeds in West Yorkshire, England. ... The Kingdom of Mercia at its greatest extent (7th to 9th centuries) is shown in green, with the original core area (6th century) given a darker tint. ... White cliffs of Dover in England White cliffs of Rugen down the Baltic coast from Schleswig The Angles is a modern English word for a Germanic-speaking people who took their name from the cultural ancestor of Angeln, a modern district located in Schleswig, Germany. ... Deira (which later absorbed the Brythonic kingdom of Ebrauc) was a kingdom in Northern England during the 6th century AD. It extended from the Humber to the Tees, and from the sea to the western edge of the Vale of York. ... Wales is a village and a civil parish in the metropolitan borough of Rotherham (part of South Yorkshire, England), on the border with Derbyshire. ... brass replica of the Tjurkö Bracteate showing the attestation of the name Walha Walha () is an ancient Germanic word, meaning foreigner or stranger (welsh) or roman. It is attested in the Roman Iron Age Tjurkö Bracteate inscription as walhakurne, probably welsh crown for Roman coin, i. ...

The origins of Sheffield

The name Sheffield is Old English in origin. It derives from the River Sheaf, whose name is a corruption of shed or sheth, meaning to divide or separate.^[17] Field is a generic suffix deriving from the Old English feld, meaning a forest clearing.^[1] It is likely then that the origin of the present-day city of Sheffield is an Anglo-Saxon settlement in a clearing beside the confluence of the rivers Sheaf and Don founded sometime between the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons in this region (roughly the 6th century) and the early 9th century.^[1] The names of many of the other areas of Sheffield likely to have been established as settlements during this period end in ley, which signifies a clearing in the forest, or ton, which means an enclosed farmstead. These settlements include Heeley, Longley, Norton, Owlerton, Southey, Tinsley, Totley, Wadsley, and Walkley. Old English (also called Anglo-Saxon[1], Old English: ) is an early form of the English language that was spoken in parts of what is now England and southern Scotland between the mid-fifth century and the mid-twelfth century. ... The River Sheaf is a river in South Yorkshire, England. ... The study of place names is called toponymy; for a more detailed examination of this subject in relation to British place names, please refer to British toponymy. ... The River Sheaf is a river in South Yorkshire, England. ... The River Don (also called Dun in some stretches) is a river in South Yorkshire, England. ... Gleadless Valley ward—which includes the districts of Gleadless Valley, Heeley, Hemsworth, Herdings, Lowfield, and Meersbrook—is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ... Longley is a small district in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire between Newsome and Lowerhouses. ... Graves Park ward is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ... Hillsborough ward is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ... Southey ward is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ... Darnall ward is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ... Totley (Grid reference SK309799) is a suburb on the extreme southwest of Sheffield, next to the Yorkshire/Derbyshire boundary. ... Hillsborough ward—which includes the districts of Hillsborough, Malin Bridge, Owlerton and Wadsley—is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ... For Netherthorpe Airfield, see Netherthorpe Airfield. ...

Monument in Dore commemorating King Egbert's victory

The earliest evidence of this settlement is the shaft of the Sheffield Cross, thought to have been erected on the future site of Sheffield Cathedral in the early ninth century. The cross was removed from the church yard in 1570,^[18] and is now kept in the British Museum.^[19] A document from around the same time, an entry for the year 829 in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, refers to the submission of King Eanred of Northumbria to King Egbert of Wessex at the hamlet of Dore (now a suburb of Sheffield): "Egbert led an army against the Northumbrians as far as Dore, where they met him, and offered terms of obedience and subjection, on the acceptance of which they returned home". This event made Egbert the first Saxon to claim to be king of all of England.^[20] Image File history File links Stone_of_Ecgbert_-_Dore_19-07-05. ... Image File history File links Stone_of_Ecgbert_-_Dore_19-07-05. ... The Sheffield Cross is an Anglo-Saxon Christian monument, now on display in the British Museum. ... The British Museum in London, England is one of the worlds greatest museums of human history and culture. ... The initial page of the Peterborough Chronicle. ... Eanred was king of Northumbria from c. ... Section from Shepherds map of the British Isles about 802 AD showing the kingdom of Northumbria Northumbria is primarily the name of a petty kingdom of Angles which was formed in Great Britain at the beginning of the 7th century, from two smaller kingdoms of Bernicia and Diera, and... Egbert (also Ecgbehrt or Ecgbert, means roughly The shining edge of a blade) (c. ... For the helicopter, see Westland Wessex. ... Dore (grid reference SK311812) is a village in South Yorkshire. ...

The latter part of the ninth century saw a wave of Norse (Viking) settlers and the subsequent establishment of the Danelaw. The names of hamlets established by these settlers generally end in thorpe, which means a farmstead.^[21] Examples of such settlements in the Sheffield area are Grimesthorpe, Hackenthorpe, Jordanthorpe, Netherthorpe, Upperthorpe, Waterthorpe, and Woodthorpe. By 918 the Danes south of the Humber had submitted to Edward the Elder, and by 926 Northumbria was under the control of King Athelstan. Norseman redirects here; for the town of the same name see Norseman, Western Australia. ... Gold: Danelaw The Danelaw, in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles also known as the Danelagh, (Old English: Dena lagu; Danish: Danelagen), is a name given to a part of Great Britain, now northern and eastern England, in which the laws of the Danes[1] held predominance over those of the Anglo... Burngreave ward—which includes the districts of Burngreave, Fir Vale, Grimesthorpe, Pitsmoor, and Shirecliffe—is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ... For Beighton in Norfolk see Beighton, Norfolk. ... Beauchief and Greenhill ward—which includes the districts of Batemoor, Beauchief, Chancet Wood, Greenhill, Jordanthorpe, and Low Edges—is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ... Walkley ward is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ... For Netherthorpe Airfield, see Netherthorpe Airfield. ... Mosborough ward—which includes the districts of Halfway, Mosborough village, Waterthorpe, and Westfield—is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ... ... Edward the Elder (Old English: Ēadweard se Ieldra) (c. ... Athelstan redirects here. ...

In 937 the combined armies of Olaf III Guthfrithson, Viking king of Dublin, Constantine, king of Scotland and King Owain of Strathclyde invaded England. The invading force was met and defeated by an army from Wessex and Mercia led by King Athelstan at the Battle of Brunanburh. The location of Brunanburh is unknown, but some historians^[22][23] have suggested a location between Tinsley in Sheffield and Brinsworth in Rotherham, on the slopes of White Hill.^[10] After the death of King Athelstan in 939 Olaf III Guthfrithson invaded again and took control of Northumbria and part of Mercia. Subsequently, the Anglo-Saxons, under Edmund, re-conquered the Midlands, as far as Dore, in 942, and captured Northumbria in 944. Olaf III Guthfrithson (died 941) ruled as Norse king of Dublin from 934 to 941. ... For other uses, see Viking (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Dublin (disambiguation). ... Causantín mac Áeda (anglicised Constantine II) (before 879–952) was king of Alba from 900 to 943. ... This article is about the country. ... Eógan I of Strathclyde or Owen I of Strathclyde, (Latin: Eugenius; Modern Gaelic Eòghann; Mod. ... Strathclyde (Welsh: Ystrad Clud) was one of the kingdoms of ancient Scotland in the post-Roman period. ... Athelstan redirects here. ... The Battle of Brunanburh was a West Saxon victory in 937 by the army of king Athelstan and his brother Edmund over the combined armies of Olaf III Guthfrithson, Viking king of Dublin, Constantine, king of Scotland and King Owain of Strathclyde. ... Darnall ward is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ... Brinsworth is a village and civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham, in South Yorkshire, England, between Rotherham (to the north-east) and Sheffield (to the south-east). ... Edmund I (or Eadmund, 921 – May 26, 946), called the Elder, the Deed-Doer, or the Just, was King of England from 939 until his death. ...

The Domesday Book of 1086, which was compiled following the Norman Conquest of 1066, contains the earliest know reference to the districts around Sheffield as the manor of "Hallun" (or Hallam). This manor retained its Saxon lord, Waltheof, for some years after the conquest. The Domesday Book was ordered written by William the Conqueror so that the value of the townships and manors of England could be assessed. The entries in the Domesday Book are written in a Latin shorthand; the extract for this area begins: A line drawing entitled Domesday Book from Andrew Williamss Historic Byways and Highways of Old England. ... Bayeux Tapestry depicting events leading to the Battle of Hastings The Norman Conquest of England was the conquest of the Kingdom of England by William the Conqueror (Duke of Normandy), in 1066 at the Battle of Hastings and the subsequent Norman control of England. ... Hallamshire (or Hallam) is the historical name for an area of South Yorkshire, England. ... Waltheof, 1st Earl of Northampton (d. ...

TERRA ROGERII DE BVSLI

M. hi Hallvn, cu XVI bereuvitis sunt. XXIX. carucate trae

Ad gld. Ibi hb Walleff com aula...

Translated it reads:

LANDS OF ROGER DE BUSLI

Remains of Beauchief Abbey.

In Hallam, one manor with its sixteen hamlets, there are twenty-nine carucates [~14 km²] to be taxed. There Earl Waltheof had an "Aula" [hall or court]. There may have been about twenty ploughs. This land Roger de Busli holds of the Countess Judith. He has himself there two carucates [~1 km²] and thirty-three villeins hold twelve carucates and a half [~6 km²]. There are eight acres [32,000 m²] of meadow, and a pasturable wood, four leuvae in length and four in breadth [~10 km²]. The whole manor is ten leuvae in length and eight broad [207 km²]. In the time of Edward the Confessor it was valued at eight marks of silver [£5.33]; now at forty shillings [£2.00].

In Attercliffe and Sheffield, two manors, Sweyn had five carucates of land [~2.4 km²] to be taxed. There may have been about three ploughs. This land is said to have been inland, demesne [domain] land of the manor of Hallam.

Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria had been executed in 1076 for his part in an uprising against William I. He was the last of the Anglo-Saxon earls still remaining in England a full decade after the Norman conquest. His lands had passed to his wife, Judith of Normandy, niece to William the Conqueror. The lands were held on her behalf by Roger de Busli. The Domesday Book refers to Sheffield twice, first as Escafeld, then later as Scafeld. Sheffield historian S. O. Addy suggests that the second form, pronounced Shaffeld, is the truer form,^[17] as the spelling Sefeld is found in a deed issued less than one hundred years after the completion of the survey.^[24] Addy comments that the E in the first form may have been mistakenly added by the Norman scribe. Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Countess Judith (between 1054 and 1055, – after 1086), was a niece of William the Conqueror (Born Normandy). ... Roger de Busli (c. ...

Roger de Busli died around the end of the eleventh century, and was succeeded by a son, who died without an heir. The family's lands passed to William de Lovetot, the son of a Norman baron who had come over to England with the Conqueror. William de Lovetot founded the parish churches of St Mary at Handsworth and St Nicholas at High Bradfield in 1109, in addition to Sheffield's own parish church. He also built the original wooden Sheffield Castle, which stimulated the growth of the town.^[8][1] William de Lovetot, lord of Hallamshire was a Norman baron from Huntingdonshire, often credited as the founder of Sheffield, England. ... The Church of St. ...

Beauchief Abbey was founded in 1176 or 1183 (sources differ) by Robert FitzRanulf de Alfreton and dedicated to Saint Mary and Saint Thomas Becket. Beauchief Abbey is an abbey in Sheffield, England. ... St. ...

Mediaeval Sheffield

Following the death of William de Lovetot, the manor of Hallamshire passed to his son Richard de Lovetot and then his son William de Lovetot before being passed by marriage to Gerard de Furnival in about 1204.^[25] The de Furnivals held the manor for the next 180 years.^[26] The fourth Furnival lord, Thomas de Furnival, supported Simon de Montfort in the Second Barons' War. As a result of this, in 1266 a party of barons, led by John de Eyvill, marching from north Lincolnshire to Derbyshire passed through Sheffield and destroyed the town, burning the church and castle.^[1] A new stone castle was constructed over the next four years and a new church was consecrated by William II Wickwane the Archbishop of York around 1280. In 1295 Thomas de Furnival's son (also Thomas) was the first lord of Hallamshire to be called to Parliament, thus taking the title Baron Furnivall.^[27] On 12 November 1296 Edward I granted a charter for a market to be held in Sheffield on Tuesday each week. This was followed on 10 August 1297 by a charter from Lord Furnival establishing Sheffield as a free borough.^[28][29] Two more generations of Furnivals held Sheffield before it passed by marriage to Sir Thomas Nevil and then, in 1406, to John Talbot, the first Earl of Shrewsbury.^[26] Gerard de Furnival (c. ... From the Chamber of the United States House of Representatives Simon V de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester (1208 – August 4, 1265) was the principal leader of the baronial opposition to King Henry III of England. ... The Second Barons War (1264–1267) was a civil war in England between the forces of a number of rebellious barons lead by Simon de Montfort, against the Royalist forces led by Prince Edward (later Edward I of England). ... For other places with the same name, see Lincolnshire (disambiguation). ... Derbyshire is a county in the East Midlands of England. ... William Wickwane was Archbishop of York, between the years 1279 - 1285. ... Arms of the Archbishop of York The Archbishop of York, Primate of England, is the metropolitan bishop of the Province of York, and is the junior of the two archbishops of the Church of England, after the Archbishop of Canterbury. ... The title Baron Furnivall was an ancient one in the Peerage of England. ... is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... March 30 - Edward I stormed Berwick-upon-Tweed, sacking the then Scottish border town with much bloodshed. ... Edward I (17 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), popularly known as Longshanks[1], also as Edward the Lawgiver or the English Justinian because of his legal reforms, and as Hammer of the Scots,[2] achieved fame as the monarch who conquered Wales and tried to do the same to Scotland. ... is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events 8 January - Monaco gains independence. ... Look up Borough in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury (1384/90 – 17 July 1453) was an important English military commander during the Hundred Years War. ... The Earl of Shrewsbury is the senior Earl on the Roll in the Peerage of England (the more senior Earldom of Arundel being held by the Duke of Norfolk). ...

The Bishops' House.

In 1430 the 1280 Sheffield parish church building was pulled down and replaced. Parts of this new church still stand today and it is now Sheffield city centre's oldest surviving building, forming the core of Sheffield Cathedral.^[30] Other notable mediaeval buildings include the Old Queen's Head pub in Pond Hill, which dates from around 1480, with its timber frame still intact, Bishops' House and Broom Hall, both built around 1500,^[31] and Ecclesfield Parish Church.^[32] Image File history File links BishopsHouse01. ... Image File history File links BishopsHouse01. ... Sheffield Cathedral is the Church of England cathedral for the diocese of Sheffield, England. ... The Old Queens Head The Old Queens Head is a public house on Pond Hill in the City of Sheffield, England that occupies the oldest domestic building in the city. ... Bishops House Bishops House is the oldest survivng half-timbered house in the City of Sheffield, England. ... Broom Hall is a historic house in the City of Sheffield, England that gives its name to the surrounding Broomhall district of the city. ...

The fourth Earl of Shrewsbury, George Talbot took up residence in Sheffield, building the Manor Lodge outside the town in about 1510 and adding a chapel to the Parish Church c1520 to hold the family vault. Memorials to the fourth and sixth Earls of Shrewsbury can still be seen in the church.^[33] The Right Honourable George Talbot, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury KG (c. ... Sheffield Manor, also known as the Manor Lodge or Manor Castle, is a lodge built about 1510 in what then was a large deer park east of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK, to provide a country retreat for the fourth Earl of Shrewsbury. ...

In 1569 George Talbot, the sixth Earl of Shrewsbury, was given charge of Mary Queen of Scots. Mary was regarded as a threat by Elizabeth I, and had been held captive since her arrival in England in 1568.^[34] Talbot brought Mary to Sheffield in 1570, and she spent most of the next 14 years imprisoned in Sheffield Castle and its dependent buildings. The castle park once extended beyond the present Manor Lane, where the remains of Manor Lodge are to be found. Beside them is the Turret House, an Elizabethan building, which may have been built to accommodate the captive queen. A room, believed to have been the queen's, has an elaborate plaster ceiling and overmantle, with heraldic decorations.^[35] George Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Mary I of Scotland; known as Mary, Queen of Scots Mary I of Scotland (Mary Stuart or Stewart) (December 8, 1542 – February 8, 1587), better known as Mary, Queen of Scots, was the ruler of Scotland from December 14, 1542 – July 24, 1567. ... This article is about Elizabeth I of England. ... Sheffield Castle was a castle in Sheffield, England, constructed at the confluence of the River Sheaf and the River Don on the site of a former Saxon long house, and dominating the early town. ... The Elizabethan Era is the period associated with the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558 - 1603) and is often considered to be a golden age in English history. ...

During the English Civil War, Sheffield changed hands several times, finally falling to the Parliamentarians, who demolished the Castle in 1648. For other uses, see English Civil War (disambiguation). ... The English parliament in front of the King, c. ...

The Industrial Revolution brought large-scale steel making to Sheffield in the 18th century. Much of the mediaeval town was gradually replaced by a mix of Georgian and Victorian buildings. Large areas of Sheffield's city centre have been rebuilt in recent years, but among the modern buildings, some old buildings have been retained. A Watt steam engine, the steam engine that propelled the Industrial Revolution in Britain and the world. ... For other uses, see Steel (disambiguation). ... Manchester Town Hall is an example of Victorian architecture found in Manchester, UK. The Carson Mansion is an example of a Victorian home in Eureka, California, USA The term Victorian architecture can refer to one of a number of architectural styles predominantly in the Victorian era. ... Shown within Sheffield Urban Area Sheffield City Centre—often just referred to as town—is a district of the City of Sheffield, and part of the Sheffield Central ward. ...

Industrial Sheffield

Sheffield's situation — amongst a number of fast-flowing rivers and streams surrounded by hills containing raw materials such as coal and iron ore — made it an ideal place for water-powered industries to develop. Water wheels were often built for the milling of corn, but many were converted to the manufacture of blades. As early as the 14th century Sheffield was noted for the production of knives: Undershot water wheels on the Orontes River in Hama, Syria Saint Anthony Falls Hydropower is the capture of the energy of moving water for some useful purpose. ... An overshot water wheel standing 42 feet high powers the Old Mill at Berry College in Rome, Georgia A water wheel (also waterwheel, Norse mill, Persian wheel or noria) is a hydropower system; a system for extracting power from a flow of water. ... Species T. aestivum T. boeoticum T. dicoccoides T. dicoccon T. durum T. monococcum T. spelta T. sphaerococcum T. timopheevii References:   ITIS 42236 2002-09-22 Wheat Wheat For the indie rock group, see Wheat (band). ...

Ay by his belt he baar a long panade,
And of a swerd ful trenchant was the blade.
A joly poppere baar he in his pouche;
Ther was no man, for peril, dorste hym touche.
A Sheffeld thwitel baar he in his hose.
Round was his face, and camus was his nose;

– Geoffrey Chaucer, 'The Reeve’s Tale from The Canterbury Tales Chaucer redirects here. ... The Reeves Prologue and Tale is the third story to be told in Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales. ... For other uses, see The Canterbury Tales (disambiguation). ...

The Shepherd Wheel; an example of the water-powered grinding workshops that used to be commonplace in the Sheffield area.

By 1600 Sheffield was the main centre of cutlery production in England, and in 1624 The Company of Cutlers in Hallamshire was formed to oversee the trade.^[36] Examples of water-powered blade and cutlery workshops surviving from around this time can be seen at the Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet and Shepherd Wheel museums in Sheffield. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2048 × 1536 pixels, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2048 × 1536 pixels, file size: 1. ... The Company of Cutlers in Hallamshire is a trade guild of steelworkers based in Sheffield. ... Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet in Sheffield, England is a steel working site with a very long history. ... Shepherd Wheel is a working museum in a former water-powered grinding workshop situated on the River Porter to the south-west of the City of Sheffield, England. ...

Around a century later, in "Letter 8, Part 3: South and West Yorkshire", of his book A tour thro' the Whole Island of Great Britain, Daniel Defoe commented: A tour thro the Whole Island of Great Britain by Daniel Defoe, 1724-27 A non-fiction work that gives a matter-of-fact account of Defoes visits to various places, at a time when there were no ready reference works. ... Daniel Defoe (1659/1661 [?] â€“ April 24 [?], 1731)[1] was a British writer, journalist, and spy, who gained enduring fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe. ...

This town of Sheffield is very populous and large, the streets narrow, and the houses dark and black, occasioned by the continued smoke of the forges, which are always at work: Here they make all sorts of cutlery-ware, but especially that of edged-tools, knives, razors, axes, &. and nails; and here the only mili of the sort, which was in use in England for some time was set up, (viz.) for turning their grindstones, though now 'tis grown more common. Here is a very spacious church, with a very handsome and high spire; and the town is said to have at least as many, if not more people in it than the city of York.^[37]

In the 1740s Benjamin Huntsman, a clock maker in Handsworth invented a form of the crucible steel process for making a better quality of steel than had previously been available. At around the same time Thomas Boulsover invented a technique for fusing a thin sheet of silver onto a copper ingot producing a form of silver plating that became known as Sheffield plate. In 1773 Sheffield was given a silver assay office. Innovations continued; in the late eighteenth century, Britannia metal, a pewter-based alloy similar in appearance to silver, was invented in the town.^[38] Benjamin Huntsman (1704 - 1776), English inventor and steel-manufacturer, was born in Lincolnshire. ... Handsworth is a suburb of south eastern Sheffield, in South Yorkshire, England. ... Crucible steel describes a number of different techniques for making steel alloy by slowly heating and cooling iron and carbon (typically in the form of charcoal) in a crucible. ... Thomas Boulsover (1705–1788), Sheffield cutler and the inventor of Sheffield Plate, was born in what is now the Ecclesfield district of the city and died at his home at Whiteley Wood Hall, on the River Porter. ... This article is about the chemical element. ... Copper has played a significant part in the history of mankind, which has used the easily accessible uncompounded metal for nearly 10,000 years. ... Sheffield plate is a layered combination of silver and copper that was used for many years to produce larger silver goods such as serving trays and teapots. ... The Sheffield Assay Office is one of the four remaining Assay Offices in the UK. In 1773, after joint petitioning with Birmingham silversmiths, an Act of Parliament was passed to allow Sheffield the right to assay silver. ... Britannia Silver is a silver alloy like Sterling silver. ...

Huntsman's process was only made obsolete in 1856 by Henry Bessemer's invention of the Bessemer converter. Bessemer had tried to induce steelmakers to take up his improved system, but met with general rebuffs, and finally was driven to undertake the exploitation of the process himself. To this end he erected steelworks in Sheffield. Gradually the scale of production was enlarged until the competition became effective, and steel traders generally became aware that the firm of Henry Bessemer & Co. was underselling them to the extent of £20 a ton. One of Bessemer's converters can still be seen at Sheffield's Kelham Island Museum. Henry Bessemer (1813-1898) Sir Henry Bessemer (January 19, 1813 – March 15, 1898), English engineer and inventor, was born at Charlton near Hitchin in Hertfordshire. ... Bessemer Converter, Schematic Diagram The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel from molten pig iron. ... The Kelham Island Industrial Museum occupies the site of a former steelworks on an island in the River Don in Sheffield, England. ...

The population of Sheffield, 1700–2001

The Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century and throughout the 19th century saw the population of Sheffield increase rapidly. In 1800 Sheffield had a population of around 31,000 people. In 1832 the town gained political representation with the formation of a Parliamentary borough. A municipal borough was formed by an Act of Incorporation in 1843, and this borough was granted the style and title of "City" by Royal Charter in 1893.^[39] By 1900, the City of Sheffield had grown to a population of around 400,000 people. In this time, Sheffield became known worldwide for the production of cutlery; utensils such as the bowie knife were mass produced and shipped to the United States. Image File history File links SheffPop. ... Image File history File links SheffPop. ... A Watt steam engine, the steam engine that propelled the Industrial Revolution in Britain and the world. ... The Parliamentary constituency of Sheffield was created by the Reform Act of 1832. ... Parliamentary boroughs are boroughs that are entitled to representation in a Parliament. ... A borough is a political division originally used in England. ... Historically, city status in England and Wales was associated with the presence of a cathedral, such as York Minster. ... A typical bowie knife, with its hallmark large blade and unique shape. ...

From the mid-eighteenth century, a succession of public buildings were erected in the town. St Paul's Church, now demolished, was among the first, while the old Town Hall and the present Cutlers' Hall were among the major works of the nineteenth century. St Pauls Church, Sheffield, was a chapel of ease to Sheffield Parish Church. ... Sheffield Old Town Hall, seen from Waingate. ... Cutlers Hall is a Grade II* listed building in Sheffield, England that is the headquarters of the Company of Cutlers in Hallamshire. ...

In order to cope with the exponential population growth, the Sheffield Waterworks Company built a number of reservoirs around the town. Parts of Sheffield were devastated when, following a five year construction project, the Dale Dyke dam collapsed on Friday 11 March 1864, resulting in the Great Sheffield Flood. The growing population also led to the construction of a large number of back-to-back slums, which, along with severe pollution from the factories, inspired George Orwell, writing in 1937, to declare, "Sheffield, I suppose, could justly claim to be called the ugliest town in the Old World".^[40] The Ashokan Reservoir, located in Ulster County, New York, USA. It is one of 19 that supplies New York City with drinking water. ... is the 70th day of the year (71st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... The Great Sheffield flood, also known as the Great Inundation, was a disaster that devastated parts of Sheffield, England on March 11, 1864. ... Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 [1] [2] – 21 January 1950), better known by the pen name George Orwell, was an English author and journalist. ...

Steel production at this time involved long working hours, in unpleasant conditions that offered little or no safety protection. Friedrich Engels in his The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 described the conditions prevalent in the city at that time: Engels redirects here. ... The Condition of the Working Class is the best-known work of Friedrich Engels, and in many ways still the best study of the working class in Victorian England. ...

In Sheffield wages are better, and the external state of the workers also. On the other hand, certain branches of work are to be noticed here, because of their extraordinarily injurious influence upon health. Certain operations require the constant pressure of tools against the chest, and engender consumption in many cases; others, file-cutting among them, retard the general development of the body and produce digestive disorders; bone-cutting for knife handles brings with it headache, biliousness, and among girls, of whom many are employed, anæmia. By far the most unwholesome work is the grinding of knife-blades and forks, which, especially when done with a dry stone, entails certain early death. The unwholesomeness of this work lies in part in the bent posture, in which chest and stomach are cramped; but especially in the quantity of sharp-edged metal dust particles freed in the cutting, which fill the atmosphere, and are necessarily inhaled. The dry grinders’ average life is hardly thirty-five years, the wet grinders’ rarely exceeds forty-five.^[41]

Sheffield became one of the main centres for trade union organisation and agitation in the UK. By the 1860s, the growing conflict between capital and labour provoked the so-called 'Sheffield Outrages', which culminated in a series of explosions and murders carried out by union militants. The Sheffield Trades Council organised a meeting in Sheffield in 1866 at which the United Kingdom Alliance of Organised Trades — a forerunner of the Trades Union Congress (TUC) — was founded.^[42] A trade union or labor union is an organization of workers. ... Sheffields early success in steel production had involved long working hours, in desperately unpleasant conditions which offered little or no safety protection. ... The Sheffield Trades and Labour Council, usually known as the Sheffield Trades Council, is a labour organisation uniting trade unionists in Sheffield. ... The UK Association of Organised Trades was founded in Sheffield in July 1866. ... Image:TradeUnionsCongress20050108 CopyrightKaihsuTai. ...

Stainless steel was invented by Harry Brearley in 1912, at the Brown Firth Laboratories in Sheffield.^[43] His successor as manager at Brown Firth, Dr. W. H. Hatfield, continued Brealey's work. In 1924 he patented '18-8 stainless steel', which to this day is probably the widest-used alloy of this type. The 630 foot high, stainless-clad (type 304L) Gateway Arch defines St. ... Monument to Harry Brearley at the former Brown Firth Research Laboratories Harry Brearley (February 18, 1871 – August 12, 1948) was the inventor of rustless steel (later to be called stainless steel). He was born in Sheffield, England. ...

The 20th century to the present

In 1914 Sheffield became a diocese of the Church of England,^[44] and the parish church became a cathedral.^[45] During World War I the Sheffield City Battalion suffered heavy losses at the Somme^[46] and Sheffield itself was bombed by a German zeppelin.^[47] The recession of the 1930s was only halted by the increasing tension as World War II loomed. The steel factories of Sheffield were set to work making weapons and ammunition for the war. As a result, once war was declared, the city once again became a target for bombing raids. In total there were 16 raids over Sheffield, however it was the heavy bombing over the nights of 12 December and 15 December 1940 (now known as the Sheffield Blitz) when the most substantial damage occurred. More than 660 lives were lost and numerous buildings were destroyed.^[48] Pope Pius XI blesses Bishop Stephen Alencastre as fifth Apostolic Vicar of the Hawaiian Islands in a Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace window. ... The Church of England logo since 1998 The Church of England is the officially established Christian church[1] in England, and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion, as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion. ... Sheffield Cathedral is the Church of England cathedral for the diocese of Sheffield, England. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... The Sheffield City Battalion was a Pals battalion during the First World War . ... Somme is a French département, named after the Somme River, located in the north of France. ... Zeppelins are a type of rigid airship pioneered by German Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin in the early 20th century, based in part on an earlier design by aviation pioneer David Schwarz. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... is the 346th day of the year (347th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 349th day of the year (350th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Sheffield Blitz is the name given to the worst nights of bombing in Sheffield, England during the Second World War. ...

Following the war, the 1950s and 1960s saw large parts of the city centre cleared, new buildings were erected and a new system of roads, including the Inner Ring Road, were laid out. Also at this time many of the old slums were cleared and replaced with housing schemes such as the Park Hill flats,^[49] and the Gleadless Valley estate. Slums in Delhi, India. ... Park Hill from Sheffield City Centre. ... Gleadless Valley ward—which includes the districts of Gleadless Valley, Heeley, Hemsworth, Herdings, Lowfield, and Meersbrook—is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ...

The 1980s saw the worst of the collapse of Sheffield's industries (along with those of many other areas in the UK), culminating with the UK miners' strike (1984–1985).^{[citation needed]} The miners strike of 1984–1985 was a major industrial action affecting the British coal industry. ...

Sheffield Winter Gardens, 2005.

The building of the Meadowhall shopping centre on the site of a former steelworks in 1990 was a mixed blessing, creating much needed jobs but speeding the decline of the city centre.^{[citation needed]} Attempts to regenerate the city were kick-started by the hosting of the 1991 World Student Games^[50] and the associated building of new sporting facilities such as the Sheffield Arena, Don Valley Stadium and the Ponds Forge complex. Starting in 1992, Sheffield began construction of a tram system - an earlier tram system had closed in 1960 - with the first section of the new system opening in 1994. Starting in 1995, the Heart of the City Project has seen a number of public works in the city centre: the Peace Gardens were renovated in 1998, the Millennium Galleries opened in April 2001, and a 1970s town hall extension was demolished in 2002 to make way for the Winter Gardens, which opened on 22 May 2003. Image File history File linksMetadata Winter_Gardens_Sheffield_exterior_copy. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Winter_Gardens_Sheffield_exterior_copy. ... Meadowhall is a large shopping centre located three miles northeast of central Sheffield, England. ... The 1991 Summer Universiade, also known as the XVI Summer Universiade, took place in Sheffield, United Kingdom. ... The arena in ice hockey mode The Hallam FM Arena, originally named the Sheffield Arena, is an arena hosting concerts and sporting events in Sheffield in England. ... Don Valley Stadium The Don Valley Stadium is an athletics stadium in Sheffield, England. ... Ponds Forge is a leisure complex situated in the centre of Sheffield. ... The Sheffield Supertram is a tram network in Sheffield, England, operated by Stagecoach Group under contract to the South Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive. ... Sheffield Tramway was an extensive tramway network serving the city of Sheffield and its suburbs. ... Sheffield Town Hall is a building in the city of Sheffield in the north of England. ... The Millennium Galleries is a new gallery opened in Sheffield City Centre located near the city library, Sheffield Hallam University, the citys theatre complex and the new Heart of the City complex. ... Sheffield Winter Gardens // The Sheffield Winter Gardens is one of the largest temperate glasshouses to be built in the UK during the last hundred years, and the largest urban glasshouse anywhere in Europe. ... is the 142nd day of the year (143rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

A number of other projects grouped under the title Sheffield One aim to regenerate the whole of the city centre. Sheffield One is an Urban redevelopment company created in 2000 to regenerate Sheffield city centre. ...

On June 25, 2007, flooding caused millions of pounds worth of damage to buildings in the city and led to the loss of two lives. ^[51] is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Widespread flooding occurred throughout the United Kingdom in June and July 2007, killing 11 people. ...

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

History of Sheffield

• Timeline of Sheffield history
• History of Yorkshire
• History of Derbyshire
• History of England

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... This article is intended to show a timeline of notable events in the History of Sheffield, England, with a particular focus on the events, people or places that are covered in Wikipedia articles. ... Yorkshire is a traditional county of England, centred on the county town of York, and was traditionally split into three Ridings. ... Derbyshire was traditionally divided into six hundreds, namely Appletree, High Peak, Morleyston and Litchurch, Repton and Gresley, Scarsdale, Wirksworth. ... England is the largest and most populous of the constituent countries of the United Kingdom. ...

Bibliography

Joseph Hunter (6 February 1783–1861) was a Unitarian Minister and antiquarian best known for his publications and the two-volume South Yorkshire (a history of the Deanery of Doncaster), still considered among the best works written on the history of Sheffield and South Yorkshire[1]. He was born in...

References and notes

v • d • e The City of Sheffield, England
About Sheffield	Buildings · City Centre · Culture · Districts · Economy · Geography · History · Famous Residents · Sport · Transport · Timeline
Districts of Sheffield by ward	Arbourthorne · Beauchief and Greenhill · Beighton · Birley · Broomhill · Burngreave · Central · Crookes · Darnall · Dore and Totley · East Ecclesfield · Ecclesall · Firth Park · Fulwood · Gleadless Valley · Graves Park · Hillsborough · Manor Castle · Mosborough · Nether Edge · Richmond · Shiregreen and Brightside · Southey · Stannington · Stocksbridge and Upper Don · Walkley · West Ecclesfield · Woodhouse

A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 127th day of the year (128th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Jeremy Black MBE is British historian and a Professor of History at the University of Exeter. ... Macmillan Publishers Ltd, also known as The Macmillan Group, is a privately-held international publishing company owned by Georg von Holtzbrinck Publishing Group. ... Michael Wood reading from an edition of the Domesday Book in a BBC Four documentary about Gilbert White This article is about the historian Michael Wood. ... is the 212th day of the year (213th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Oxford English Dictionary print set The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is a dictionary published by the Oxford University Press (OUP), and is the most successful dictionary of the English language, (not to be confused with the one-volume Oxford Dictionary of English, formerly New Oxford Dictionary of English, of... Oxford University Press (OUP) is a highly-respected publishing house and a department of the University of Oxford in England. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 95th day of the year (96th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... British Library main building, London The British Library (BL) is the national library of the United Kingdom. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 95th day of the year (96th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The headquarters of the Cambridge University Press, in Trumpington Street, Cambridge. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 89th day of the year (90th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 102nd day of the year (103rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Simon Schama Simon Michael Schama, CBE (born 13 February 1945) is a professor of history and art history at Columbia University. ... Images of England was a lottery (Heritage Lottery Fund) funded project run by English Heritage to photograph every listed building and item in England and to make the images freely available to public on the web. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 82nd day of the year (83rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Oxford University Press (OUP) is a highly-respected publishing house and a department of the University of Oxford in England. ... Daniel Defoe (1659/1661 [?] â€“ April 24 [?], 1731)[1] was a British writer, journalist, and spy, who gained enduring fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe. ... A tour thro the Whole Island of Great Britain by Daniel Defoe, 1724-27 A non-fiction work that gives a matter-of-fact account of Defoes visits to various places, at a time when there were no ready reference works. ... May 14 is the 134th day of the year (135th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 [1] [2] – 21 January 1950), better known by the pen name George Orwell, was an English author and journalist. ... The Road to Wigan Pier was written by George Orwell and published in 1937. ... A Gollancz edition of The Door Into Summer, displaying the distinctive yellow dust jacket style. ... Engels redirects here. ... The Condition of the Working Class is the best-known work of Friedrich Engels, and in many ways still the best study of the working class in Victorian England. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 337th day of the year (338th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 349th day of the year (350th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 71st day of the year (72nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 177th day of the year (178th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... For other uses, see Sheffield (disambiguation). ... The Buildings and structures in Sheffield were constructed over a time-span ranging from the 13th century to the present day. ... Shown within Sheffield Urban Area Sheffield City Centre—often just referred to as town—is a district of the City of Sheffield, and part of the Sheffield Central ward. ... Sheffield has a growing cultural reputation. ... Sheffield is a city and metropolitan borough in the north of England. ... This is a list of notable people who were born in or near, or have been residents of the City of Sheffield, England. ... This article is intended to show a timeline of notable events in the History of Sheffield, England, with a particular focus on the events, people or places that are covered in Wikipedia articles. ... Image File history File links Sheffieldarms. ... Arbourthorne is part of the city of Sheffield, England. ... Beauchief and Greenhill ward—which includes the districts of Batemoor, Beauchief, Chancet Wood, Greenhill, Jordanthorpe, and Low Edges—is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ... For Beighton in Norfolk see Beighton, Norfolk. ... Birley ward is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ... Broomhill ward—which includes the districts of Broomhill, Crookesmoor, Endcliffe, and Tapton—is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ... Burngreave ward—which includes the districts of Burngreave, Fir Vale, Grimesthorpe, Pitsmoor, and Shirecliffe—is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ... Central ward is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ... Crookes ward—which includes the districts of Crookes, Steelbank, Crosspool, and Sandygate—is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ... Darnall is an area of eastern Sheffield, England. ... Dore and Totley ward is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ... East Ecclesfield ward—which includes the districts of Chapeltown and Ecclesfield—is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ... Ecclesall Ward—which includes the districts of Bents Green, Ecclesall, Greystones, Millhouses, and Ringinglow—is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ... Firth Park ward—which includes the districts of Firth Park, Longley, Parson Cross and parts of Wincobank—is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ... See also Fulwood, Lancashire, in Preston and Fulwood, Nottinghamshire. ... Gleadless Valley ward—which includes the districts of Gleadless Valley, Heeley, Hemsworth, Herdings, Lowfield, and Meersbrook—is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ... Graves Park ward—which includes the districts of Norton, Norton Lees, Norton Woodseats, and Woodseats—is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ... Hillsborough is an electoral ward which includes the districts of Malin Bridge, Owlerton, Wadsley and Wisewood. ... Manor is a large low-rise housing estate in eastern Sheffield, England. ... Mosborough ward—which includes the districts of Halfway, Mosborough village, Waterthorpe, and Westfield—is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ... Nether Edge is an established residential suburb of Sheffield. ... Richmond ward—which includes the districts of Four Lane Ends, Intake, Richmond, and Woodthorpe—is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ... Shiregreen and Brightside ward—which includes the districts of Brightside, Shiregreen, and Wincobank—is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ... Southey ward is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ... Stannington Ward—which includes the districts of Loxley, Stannington, and Worrall, and also the small villages of Dungworth, High Bradfield, and Low Bradfield—is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ... Stocksbridge and Upper Don ward—which includes the districts of Deepcar, Oughtibridge, Stocksbridge, and Wharncliffe Side, and also the villages of Bolsterstone, Ewden, and Midhopestones—is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ... For Netherthorpe Airfield, see Netherthorpe Airfield. ... West Ecclesfield ward is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ... Woodhouse ward is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. ...