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The history of Singapore began as early as the 3rd Century when a Chinese account described the island at the tip of the Malay peninsula. Singapore rose in importance during the 14th century under the rule of Srivijayan prince Parameswara and became an important port until it was destroyed by Portuguese raiders in 1613. The modern history of Singapore began in 1819 when Englishman Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles established a British port on the island. Under British colonial rule, it grew in importance as a centre for both the India-China trade and the entrepôt trade in Southeast Asia, rapidly becoming a major port city. Image File history File links Flag_of_Singapore. ...
The early history of Singapore refers to the history of Singapore before the Britishs founding of modern Singapore in 1819. ...
The founding of modern Singapore in 1819 by Sir Stamford Raffles paved way for Singapore to become a modern port and its status as a gateway between the Western and Eastern markets. ...
Singapore in the Straits Settlements refers to a period in the History of Singapore from 1826 to 1942, during which Singapore was part of the Straits Settlements together with Penang and Malacca. ...
Singapore in the Straits Settlements refers to a period in the History of Singapore from 1826 to 1942, during which Singapore was part of the Straits Settlements together with Penang and Malacca. ...
Combatants Allied forces: Indian Army; British Army; Australian Army; Malayan forces; Straits Settlements forces Imperial Japanese Army Commanders Arthur Percival Tomoyuki Yamashita Strength 85,000 36,000 Casualties about 5,000 killed; about 80,000 POWs 1,715 dead, 3,500 wounded The Battle of Singapore was a battle fought...
The Japanese Occupation of Singapore was to become a major turning point in the history of several nations, including that of the Japanese, who rampaged down the Malay Peninsula with the singular intent of occupying Singapore to gain greater control over her war-time resource gathering efforts, the British, with...
The Sook Ching massacre (è‚…æ¸…å¤§å± æ®º) was a systematic extermination of perceived hostile elements among ethnic Chinese Singaporeans by the Japanese military administration during the Japanese Occupation of Singapore, after the British colony surrendered in the Battle of Singapore on 15 February 1942 during World War II. Sook Ching was later extended...
Post-war Singapore refers to a period in the history of Singapore from 1945 when the Empire of Japan surrendered to the Allies at the end of World War II till 1955 when Singapore gained partial internal self-governance. ...
The history of Singapore began as early as the 3rd Century when a Chinese account described the island at the tip of the Malay peninsula. ...
Maria Hertogh and Che Aminah binte Mohamed The Maria Hertogh riots, which started on 11 December 1950 in Singapore, consisted of outraged Muslims who resented the court decision to give the custody of Maria Hertogh, then 13, to her biological Dutch Catholic parents after she had been raised as a...
The history of Singapore began as early as the 3rd Century when a Chinese account described the island at the tip of the Malay peninsula. ...
The self-governance of Singapore was carried out in several stages. ...
Rioters throwing stones at police The Hock Lee bus riots occurred on May 12, 1955, in Singapore. ...
The Chinese middle schools riots were a series of riots that broke out in the Singaporean Chinese community in Singapore in 1956, resulting in 13 people killed and more than 100 injured. ...
On 16 September 1963, Singapore joined the Federation of Malaya together with Sabah and Sarawak to form Malaysia. ...
The Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation was an intermittent war over the future of the island of Borneo, between British-backed Malaysia and Indonesia in 1962–1966. ...
The Singapore national referendum of 1962, or also commonly referred to as the Merger Referendum of Singapore was the first and only referendum to date held in Singapore on September 1, 1962. ...
In February 1963, the government of Singapore conducted a security operation, named Operation Coldstore (sometimes spelled Operation Cold Store), and arrested at least 107 left-wing politicians and trade unionists. ...
The start of the July riot on Prophet Muhammads birthday, that would later injure hundreds and kill 23 people. ...
MacDonald House bombing occured on 10 March 1965, at the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank building (known as MacDonald House) along Orchard Road, Singapore. ...
The East Asian financial crisis was a period of economic unrest that started in July 1997 in Thailand and affected currencies, stock markets, and other asset prices in several Asian countries, many considered East Asian Tigers. ...
The Singapore embassies attack plot was a plan by the Al-Qaeda-affiliated Jemaah Islamiyah to bomb the diplomatic missions and attack personnel of the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, and Israel in Singapore and several other targets in Singapore. ...
This is a brief timeline of the history of Singapore. ...
// Overview Events 212: Constitutio Antoniniana grants citizenship to all free Roman men 212-216: Baths of Caracalla 230-232: Sassanid dynasty of Persia launches a war to reconquer lost lands in the Roman east 235-284: Crisis of the Third Century shakes Roman Empire 250-538: Kofun era, the first...
The Malay Peninsula (Malay: Semenanjung Tanah Melayu) is a major peninsula located in Southeast Asia. ...
This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ...
Parameswara (1344-1424) was a Malay prince from Srivijaya that founded the Sultanate of Malacca around 1402. ...
Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification - by Athelstan AD 927 Area - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK) 50,346 sq mi Population - 2005 est. ...
Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles (6 July 1781 - 5 July 1826) was the founder of the city (now country) of Singapore, and is one of the best-known of the many Britons who created the largest empire the world has ever seen. ...
Seaport, a painting by Claude Lorrain, 1638 The Port of Wellington at night. ...
See colony and colonisation for examples of colonialism which do not refer to Western colonialism. ...
A fruit stand at a market. ...
An entrepôt is a trading centre, or simply a warehouse, where merchandise can be imported and exported without paying import duties, often at a profit. ...
During World War II, Singapore was conquered and occupied by the Japanese Empire from 1942 to 1945. When the war ended, Singapore reverted to British control, with increasing levels of self-government being granted, culminating in Singapore's merger with the Federation of Malaya to form Malaysia in 1963. However, social unrest and disputes between Singapore's ruling People's Action Party and Malaysia's Alliance Party resulted in Singapore's expulsion from Malaysia. Singapore became an independent republic on 9 August 1965. Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Nazi Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead...
Anthem: Kimi Ga Yo Imperial Reign Slogan: Fukoku Kyohei Enrich the Country, Strengthen the Military Imperial Japan at its fullest extent during World War II Capital Tokyo Language(s) Japanese Korean (in the Korean Peninsula) Government Constitutional monarchy Emperor - 1852-1912 Meiji Emperor HIM Mutsuhito - 1912-1926 Taisho Emperor HIM...
Self-governance is an abstract concept that refers to several scales of organization. ...
On 16 September 1963, Singapore joined the Federation of Malaya together with Sabah and Sarawak to form Malaysia. ...
The Federation of Malaya, or in Malay Persekutuan Tanah Melayu, was formed in 1948 from the British settlements of Penang and Malacca and the nine Malay states and replaced the Malayan Union. ...
Party logo with a symbol of red lightning that signifies action. ...
Barisan Nasional (National Front or BN) is a political coalition in Malaysia. ...
In a broad definition, a republic is a state or country that is led by people whose political power is based on principles that are not beyond the control of the people of that state or country. ...
August 9 is the 221st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (222nd in leap years), with 144 days remaining. ...
1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ...
Facing severe unemployment and a housing crisis, Singapore embarked on a modernisation programme that focused on establishing a manufacturing industry, developing large public housing estates and investing heavily on public education. Since independence, Singapore's economy has grown by an average of nine percent each year. By the 1990s, the country has become one of the world's most prosperous nations, with a highly-developed free market economy, strong international trading links, and a per capita gross domestic product highest in Asia outside of Japan.[1] Economic development is the development of the economic wealth of countries or regions for the well-being of their inhabitants. ...
A free market is an idealized market, where all economic decisions and actions by individuals regarding transfer of money, goods, and services are voluntary, and are therefore devoid of coercion and theft (some definitions of coercion are inclusive of theft). Colloquially and loosely, a free market economy is an economy...
International trade is the exchange of goods and services across international boundaries or territories. ...
Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head. ...
IMF 2005 figures of total GDP of nominal compared to PPP. Absolute, not adjusted for population. ...
[edit] Ancient times -
 An artist's impression of Parameswara, who ruled Singapore in the 1390s. The earliest written record of Singapore was a Chinese account from the third century, describing the island of Pu Luo Chung (蒲罗中). This itself is transliterated from the Malay name "Pulau Ujong", or "island at the end" (of the Malay peninsula).[2] The Sejarah Melayu (Malay Annals) contains a tale of a prince of Srivijaya, Sri Tri Buana (also known as Sang Nila Utama), who landed on the island during the 13th century. Catching sight of a strange creature which he thought was a lion, he found a settlement called Singapura, which means "Lion City" in Sanskrit.[3] The early history of Singapore refers to the history of Singapore before the Britishs founding of modern Singapore in 1819. ...
Image File history File links ParameswaraPortrait. ...
Image File history File links ParameswaraPortrait. ...
People by name Parameshwara: The fourteenth century Indian mathematician. ...
The Malay language, also known locally as Bahasa Melayu, is an Austronesian language spoken by the Malay people who reside in the Malay Peninsula, southern Thailand, the Philippines, Singapore, central eastern Sumatra, the Riau islands, and parts of the coast of Borneo. ...
The Malay Peninsula (Malay: Semenanjung Tanah Melayu) is a major peninsula located in Southeast Asia. ...
Sejarah Melayu or The Malay Annals is a historical literary Malay work that chronicles the establishment of the Malacca Sultanate and spans over 600 years of the history of the Malay Peninsula. ...
Map of Southeast Asia at end of 12th century. ...
Sang Nila Utama, also known as Sri Tri Buana, is a legendary prince who founded Singapore in the countrys ancient history. ...
Binomial name Panthera leo (Linnaeus, 1758) Synonyms Felis leo (Linnaeus, 1758) The lion (Panthera leo) is a mammal of the family Felidae and one of four big cats in the genus Panthera. ...
The Sanskrit language ( , ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ...
In 1320, the Mongol Empire sent a trade mission to a place called Long Yamen (or Dragon's Tooth Strait), which is believed to be Keppel Harbour, at the southern part of the island.[4] The Chinese traveler Wang Dayuan, visiting the island around 1330, described a small settlement called Dan Ma Xi (淡马锡, from Malay Tamasik) with Malay and Chinese residents. The Nagarakretagama, a Javanese epic poem written in 1365, also referred to a settlement on the island called Temasek (Sea Town). Recent excavations in Fort Canning found evidences indicating that Singapore was an important port in the 14th century.[5] Expansion of the Mongol Empire The Mongol Empire (Mongolian: Их Монгол УлÑ, meaning Great Mongol Nation; 1206–1405) was the largest land empire seen to that date, covering over 33 million km² [1] at its peak, with an estimated population of over 100 million people. ...
About Keppel Harbor in Singapore is one of the worlds largest container-handling facilities, situated near to the City states Central Business District. ...
Wang Dayuan (1328-1339) was a traveller from Quanzhou, China during the Yuan Dynasty in the 14th century. ...
Malays (Dutch, Maleiërs, ultimately from Malay: Melayu) are a diverse group of Austronesian peoples inhabiting the Malay archipelago and Malay peninsula in Southeast Asia. ...
Nagarakretagama (NÄgaraká¹›tâgama), Kakawin Nagarakretagama (Epic poem Nagarakretagama), or Negarakertagama is most known old javanese epic poem, so this is the most researched Old Javanese epic poem. ...
Java (Indonesian, Javanese, and Sundanese: Jawa) is an island of Indonesia, and the site of its capital city, Jakarta. ...
Temasek (Sea Town in Javanese, spelt Tumasik; Simplified Chinese: ) was the name of an early city on the site of modern Singapore. ...
Archaeology in Singapore is a niche discipline. ...
Fort Canning Park, River Valley Road entrance Fort Canning Park, Hill Street entrance Fort Canning (Chinese: ç¦åº·å®; Pinyin: FúkÄngnÃng) is a small hill in the southeast portion of the island city-state of Singapore, within the Central Area that forms Singapores central business district. ...
In the 1390s, Srivijayan prince Parameswara fled to Temasek after being deposed by the Majapahit Empire. He ruled the island for several years, before being forced to Melaka where he founded the Sultanate of Malacca.[3] Singapore became an important trading port of the Malacca Sultanate[2] and later the Sultanate of Johor. In 1613, Portuguese raiders burnt down the settlement at the mouth of Singapore River and the island sank into obscurity.[3] Parameswara (1344-1424) was a Malay prince from Srivijaya that founded the Sultanate of Malacca around 1402. ...
The Majapahit Empire was an Indianized kingdom based in eastern Java from 1293 to around 1500. ...
State motto: Bersatu Teguh (Malay, United We Stand) Capital Malacca Town Governor Tun Datuk Seri Utama Mohd Khalil Yaakob Chief Minister Datuk Seri Haji Mohd Ali Mohd Rustam Area 1,650 km² Population - Estimated 648,500 State anthem Melaka Maju Jaya This article is about a state in Malaysia. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
The Sultanate of Johor (or sometimes Johor-Riau) was founded by Malaccan Sultan Mahmud Shahs son, Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah in 1528. ...
Singapore River The Singapore River (Chinese: æ–°åŠ å¡æ²³) is a small river in terms of physical attributes, but of extreme historical importance to the country of Singapore, the political entity which shares its name. ...
[edit] Founding of modern Singapore (1819) -
Between the 16th and 19th centuries, the Malay archipelago was gradually taken over by the European colonial powers, beginning with the arrival of the Portuguese at Malacca in 1509. The early dominance of the Portuguese was challenged during the 17th century by the Dutch, who came to control most of the ports in the region. The Dutch established a monopoly over trade within the archipelago, particularly in spices, then the region's most important product. Other colonial powers, including the British, were limited to a relatively minor presence.[6] The founding of modern Singapore in 1819 by Sir Stamford Raffles paved way for Singapore to become a modern port and its status as a gateway between the Western and Eastern markets. ...
Download high resolution version (464x651, 54 KB)Thomas Stamford Raffles (Engraved by Thompson, from a Miniature in posession of Mr. ...
Download high resolution version (464x651, 54 KB)Thomas Stamford Raffles (Engraved by Thompson, from a Miniature in posession of Mr. ...
World map depicting Malay Archipelago The Malay Archipelago is a vast archipelago located between mainland Southeastern Asia (Indochina) and Australia. ...
World map showing Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. ...
See colony and colonisation for examples of colonialism which do not refer to Western colonialism. ...
State motto: Bersatu Teguh State anthem: Melaka Maju Jaya Capital Malacca Ruling party Barisan Nasional - Yang di-Pertua Negeri Mohd Khalil Yaakob - Ketua Menteri Mohd Ali Mohd Rustam History - Malacca Sultanate 13th century - Portuguese control 24 August 1511 - Dutch control 1641 - British control 17 March 1824 - Japanese Occupation 1942-1946...
In economics, a monopoly (from the Latin word monopolium - Greek language monos, one + polein, to sell) is defined as a persistent market situation where there is only one provider of a product or service. ...
Screen shot of Spice OPUS, a fork of Berkeley SPICE SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuits Emphasis) is a general purpose analog circuit simulator. ...
In 1818, Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles was appointed as the Lieutenant Governor of the British colony at Bencoolen. He was determined that British should replace the Dutch as the dominant power in the archipelago, since the trade route between China and British India, which had become vitally important with the institution of the opium trade with China, passed through the archipelago. The Dutch had been stifling British trade in the region by prohibiting the British from operating in Dutch-controlled ports or by subjecting them with high tariff. Raffles hoped to challenge the Dutch by establishing a new port along the Straits of Malacca, the main ship passageway for the India-China trade. He convinced Lord Hastings, the Governor-General of India and his superior at the British East India Company, to fund an expedition to seek a new British base in the region.[6] Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles (6 July 1781 - 5 July 1826) was the founder of the city (now country) of Singapore, and is one of the best-known of the many Britons who created the largest empire the world has ever seen. ...
Categories: Indonesia geography stubs | Provinces of Indonesia ...
The British Empire at its zenith in 1919. ...
Opium, or opïum is a narcotic analgesic drug which is obtained from the unripe seed pods of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L. or the synonym paeoniflorum). ...
The Straits of Malacca is a narrow stretch of water between Peninsular Malaysia (West Malaysia) and the Indonesian island of Sumatra. ...
Warren Hastings (December 6, 1732 - August 22, 1818) was the first governor-general of British India, from 1773 to 1786. ...
The Governor-General of India (or Governor-General and Viceroy of India) was the head of the British administration in India. ...
The British East India Company, sometimes referred to as John Company, was one of the first joint-stock company (preceded only by the Dutch East India Company) which was granted an English Royal Charter by Elizabeth I on December 31, 1600, with the intention of favouring trade privileges in India. ...
 A statue of Raffles by Thomas Woolner now stands in Singapore, near Raffles's landing site in 1819. Raffles arrived in Singapore on 29 January 1819 and soon recognised the island as a natural choice for the new port. It lay at the southern tip of the Malay peninsula, near the Straits of Malacca, and possessed a natural deep harbour, fresh water supplies, and timber for repairing ships. Raffles found a small Malay settlement, with a population of a few hundreds, at the mouth of the Singapore River, headed by Temenggong Abdu'r Rahman. The island was nominally ruled by the Sultan of Johor, Tengku Rahman, who was controlled by the Dutch and the Bugis. However, the Sultanate was weakened by factional division and Temenggong Abdu'r Rahman and his officials were loyal to Tengku Rahman's elder brother Tengku Hussein (or Tengku Long) who was living in exile in Riau. With the Temenggong's help, Raffles managed to smuggle Hussein back into Singapore. He offered to recognise Hussein as the rightful Sultan of Johor and provide him with a yearly payment; in return, Hussein would grant the British the right to establish a trading post on Singapore.[6] A formal treaty was signed on 6 February 1819 and modern Singapore was born.[7][8] Download high resolution version (768x1024, 122 KB) Sir Stamford Raffles was the first Westerner to discover Singapore in 1819, and subsequently became the first governor of the entrepot city. ...
Download high resolution version (768x1024, 122 KB) Sir Stamford Raffles was the first Westerner to discover Singapore in 1819, and subsequently became the first governor of the entrepot city. ...
Statue of Sir Stamford Raffles by Woolner, erected at the spot where he first landed at Singapore. ...
January 29 is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1819 common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...
Singapore River The Singapore River (Chinese: æ–°åŠ å¡æ²³) is a small river in terms of physical attributes, but of extreme historical importance to the country of Singapore, the political entity which shares its name. ...
An ancient Malay title of nobility, usually given to the chief of public security. ...
This article concerns the sultan of Johor. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Sultan Hussein Shah was the seventeenth Sultan of Johor. ...
The Riau Islands (Kepulauan Riau (Kepri for short) or sometimes Riau Kepulauan in Bahasa Indonesia) are a province and a group of islands in Indonesia, located south of Singapore, off the eastern coast of Riau province on Sumatra island. ...
February 6 is the 37th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
1819 common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...
[edit] Early growth (1819–1826) - Main article: Early growth in colonial Singapore (1819-1826)
 The Plan of the Town of Singapore, or more commonly known as the Jackson Plan or Raffles Plan. Raffles returned to Bencoolen soon after the signing of the treaty and left Major William Farquhar in charge of the new settlement, with some artillery and a small regiment of Indian soldiers. Establishing a trading port from scratch was a daunting endeavour. Farquhar's administration was poorly funded and was prohibited from collecting port duties to raise revenue as Raffles had decided that Singapore would be a free port. In spite of these difficulties, the new colony grew rapidly. As news of the free port spread across the archipelago, Bugis, Peranakan Chinese, and Arab traders flocked to the island, seeking to circumvent the Dutch trade restrictions. During the first year of operation, $400,000 (Spanish dollars) worth of trade passed through Singapore. By 1821, the island's population had increased to around 5,000, and the trade volume was $8 million. The population reached the 10,000 mark in 1825, and with a trade volume of $22 million, Singapore surpassed the long-established port of Penang.[6] The founding of modern Singapore in 1819 by Sir Stamford Raffles paved way for Singapore to become a modern port and its status as a gateway between the Western and Eastern markets. ...
Image File history File links Plansingapour. ...
Image File history File links Plansingapour. ...
William Farquhar (1774 – 1839) is a historical figure of Singapore. ...
A free port (porto franco) or free zone (US: Foreign-Trade Zone) is a port or area with relaxed jurisdiction with respect to the country of location. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Peranakan, Baba-Nyonya () and Straits Chinese (; named after the Straits Settlements) are terms used for the descendants of the very early Chinese immigrants to the Nusantara region, including both the British Straits Settlements of Malaya and the Dutch-controlled island of Java among other places, who have partially adopted Malay...
The Arabs (Arabic: عرب) are a heterogeneous ethnic group who are predominantly speakers of the Arabic language, mainly found throughout the Middle East and North Africa. ...
The Spanish dollar or peso (literally, weight) is a silver coin that was minted in the Spanish Empire after a Spanish currency reform in 1497. ...
State motto: Bersatu dan Setia (United and Loyal), formerly Let Penang Lead Location in Malaysia Government Capital George Town (5. ...
Raffles returned to Singapore in 1822 and became critical of many of Farquhar's decisions, despite Farquhar's success in leading the settlement through its difficult early years. In order to generate much-needed revenue, Farquhar had resorted to selling licenses for gambling and the sale of opium, which Raffles saw as social evils. Shocked at the disarray of the colony, Raffles set about drafting a set of new policies for the settlement. He also organised Singapore into functional and ethnic subdivisions under the Raffles Plan of Singapore.[6] Today, remnants of this organisation can still be found in the ethnic neighbourhoods. Gambling has had many different meanings depending on the cultural and historical context in which it is used. ...
Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles (6 July 1781 – 5 July 1826) was the founder of the city (now country) of Singapore, and is one of the best-known of the many Britons who created the largest empire the world has ever seen. ...
As Singapore is a small and relatively modern amalgam of Chinese, Malay and Indian immigrants, the culture of Singapore expresses the diversity of the population as the various ethnic groups continue to celebrate their own cultures while they intermingle with one another. ...
On 7 June 1823, Raffles signed a second treaty with the Sultan and Temenggong, which extended British possession to most of the island. The Sultan and Temenggong gave up most of their administrative rights of the island, including the collection of port taxes, in return for lifelong monthly payments of $1500 and $800 respectively. This agreement brought the island under the British law, with the proviso that it would take into account Malay customs, traditions and religion.[6] Raffles replaced Farquhar with John Crawfurd, an efficient and frugal administrator, as the new governor.[9] In October 1823, Raffles departed for Britain and would never return to Singapore as he died in 1826, at the age of 44.[10] June 7 is the 158th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (159th in leap years), with 207 days remaining. ...
1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
John Crawfurd (August 13, 1783 - May 11, 1868) was a Scottish physician, and colonial administrator and author. ...
[edit] The Straits Settlements (1826–1867) -
The establishment of a British outpost in Singapore was initially in doubt as the Dutch government soon protested to Britain for violating their sphere of influence. But as Singapore rapidly emerged as an important trading post, Britain consolidated its claim on the island. The status of Singapore as a British possession was cemented by the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, which carved up the Malay archipelago between the two colonial powers with the area north of the Straits of Malacca, including Singapore, falling under British's sphere of influence. In 1826, Singapore was grouped together with Penang and Malacca to form the Straits Settlements, administrated by the British East India Company. In 1930, the Straits Settlements became a residency, or subdivision, of the Presidency of Bengal in British India.[11] Singapore in the Straits Settlements refers to a period in the History of Singapore from 1826 to 1942, during which Singapore was part of the Straits Settlements together with Penang and Malacca. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 559 KB) Summary Thian Hock Keng Temple. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 559 KB) Summary Thian Hock Keng Temple. ...
Thian Hock Keng Temple Thian Hock Keng Temple (Chinese: 天ç¦å®«; Pinyin: TiÄnfú GÅng; Temple of Heavenly Happiness) is the oldest and most important Hokkien temple in Singapore. ...
1842 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 519 KB) Summary Pagoda Street. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 519 KB) Summary Pagoda Street. ...
A shophouse is a type of building found in Singapore, Malaysia and throughout much of Southeast Asia, predominantly housing Chinese merchans, craftsmen and their families. ...
Manchester Town Hall is an example of Victorian architecture found in Manchester, UK. The Carson Mansion is an example of a Victorian home in Eureka, California, USA The term Victorian architecture can refer to one of a number of architectural styles predominantly in the Victorian era. ...
Victorian houses known as the Painted Ladies at Alamo Square park in San Francisco. ...
The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, also known as the Treaty of London (one of several), was a treaty signed between the United Kingdom and the United Kingdom of the Netherlands in London on March 17, 1824. ...
The Straits Settlements were a collection of territories of the British East India Company in Southeast Asia, which were given collective administration in 1826. ...
The British East India Company, sometimes referred to as John Company, was one of the first joint-stock company (preceded only by the Dutch East India Company) which was granted an English Royal Charter by Elizabeth I on December 31, 1600, with the intention of favouring trade privileges in India. ...
Bengal, known as Bango ( Bengali:বঙ্গ), Bangla (বাংলা), Bangodesh (বঙ্গদেশ), or Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশ) in Bengali, is a region in the northeast of South Asia. ...
British India (otherwise known as The British Raj) was a historical period during which most of the Indian subcontinent, or present-day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar, were under the colonial authority of the British Empire (Undivided India). ...
During the subsequent decades, Singapore grew to become an important port in the region. Its success was due to several reasons including the opening of market in China, the advent of ocean-going steamships, and the production of rubber and tin in Malaya.[12] Its status as a free port provided crucial advantage over other colonial port cities in Batavia (Jakarta) and Manila where tariffs were levied, and it drawn many Chinese, Malay, Indian, and Arab traders operating in South-East Asia to Singapore. The later opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 would further boost trade in Singapore. By 1880, over 1.5 million tons of goods were passing through Singapore each year, with around 80% of the cargo transported by steamships.[13] The main commercial activity was entrepôt trade which flourished under no taxation and little restriction. Many merchant houses were set up in Singapore mainly by European trading firms, but also by Jewish, Chinese, Arab, Armenian, American and Indian merchants. There were also many Chinese middlemen who handled most of the trade between the European and Asian merchants.[11] Paddle steamers - Lucerne-Switzerland This article is about the water vessel. ...
Latex being collected from a tapped rubber tree Rubber is an elastic hydrocarbon polymer which occurs as a milky colloidal suspension (known as latex) in the sap of several varieties of plants. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number tin, Sn, 50 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 14, 5, p Appearance silvery lustrous gray Atomic mass 118. ...
Jakarta (also Djakarta or DKI Jakarta), formerly known as Sunda Kelapa, Jayakarta and Batavia is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. ...
The City of Manila (Filipino: Lungsod ng Maynila), or simply Manila, is the capital of the Philippines. ...
Ships moored at El Ballah during transit The Suez Canal (Arabic: ‎, translit: ), is a large artificial maritime canal in Egypt west of the Sinai Peninsula. ...
An entrepôt is a trading centre, or simply a warehouse, where merchandise can be imported and exported without paying import duties, often at a profit. ...
By 1827, the Chinese became the largest ethnic group in Singapore. They consisted of Peranakans, who were descendants of early Chinese settlers, and Chinese coolies who flocked to Singapore to escape the economic hardship in southern China. Many arrived in Singapore as impoverished indentured labourers and they were predominantly males. Malays were the second largest ethnic group until 1860s and they worked as fishermen, craftsmen, or as wage earners while continued to live mostly in kampungs. By 1860, Indians became the second largest ethnic group. They consisted of unskilled labourers, traders, and convicts who were sent to carry out public works projects such as clearing jungles and laying out roads. There were also Indian troops garrisoned at Singapore by the British.[11] Peranakan, Baba-Nyonya () and Straits Chinese (; named after the Straits Settlements) are terms used for the descendants of the very early Chinese immigrants to the Nusantara region, including both the British Straits Settlements of Malaya and the Dutch-controlled island of Java among other places, who have partially adopted Malay...
East Indian coolies on a Trinidad cacao estate, circa 1903. ...
An indentured servant is a labourer under contract (an indenture--explained below) to work (for a specified amount of time) for another person or a company/corporation, often without any monetary pay, but in exchange for accommodation, food, other essentials, training, or passage to a new country. ...
Kampong or kampung is a word in Malay and Indonesian language which means village. The word is also a common title for names of places in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore which, although modern, retains the word kampong for historical purposes. ...
Despite Singapore's growing importance, the administration governing the island was understaffed, ineffectual and were unconcerned with the welfare of the populace. Administrators were usually posted from India and were unfamiliar with local culture and languages. While the population had quadrupled during 1830 to 1867, the size of the civil service in Singapore had remained unchanged. Most people had no access to public health services and diseases such as cholera and smallpox caused severe health problem, especially in overcrowded working-class areas.[11] As a result of the administration's ineffectiveness and the predominantly male, transient, and uneducated nature of the population, the society was lawless and chaotic. In 1850 there were only twelve police officers in the city of nearly 60,000 people. Prostitution, gambling, and drug abuse (particularly of opium) were widespread. Chinese criminal secret societies (analogous to modern-day triads) were extremely powerful, and some had tens of thousands of members. Turf wars between rival societies occasionally led to hundreds of deaths and attempts to suppress them had limited success.[14] Cholera is a water-borne disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which is typically ingested by drinking contaminated water, or by eating improperly cooked fish, especially shellfish. ...
Smallpox (also known by the Latin names Variola or Variola vera) was a highly contagious viral disease unique to humans. ...
Whore redirects here. ...
Gambling has had many different meanings depending on the cultural and historical context in which it is used. ...
Drug abuse has a wide range of definitions, all of them relating either to the misuse or overuse of a psychoactive drug or performance enhancing drug for a non-therapeutic or non-medical effect. ...
Secret societies in Singapore (Chinese: å…¬å¸, Pinyin: gÅngsÄ«) are generally Chinese in origin. ...
This does not cite its references or sources. ...
[edit] Crown colony (1867–1942) - Main article: Crown colony (1867–1942)
 1888 German map of Singapore As Singapore continued to grow, the deficiencies in the Straits Settlements administration became serious and Singapore's merchant community began agitating against British Indian rule. The British government agreed to establish the Straits Settlements as a separate Crown Colony on 1 April 1867. This new colony was ruled by a governor under the supervision of the Colonial Office in London. The governor was assisted by an executive council and a legislative council.[15] Although members of the councils were not elected, more representatives for the local population were gradually included over the years. Singapore in the Straits Settlements refers to a period in the History of Singapore from 1826 to 1942, during which Singapore was part of the Straits Settlements together with Penang and Malacca. ...
1888 German map of Singapore This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...
1888 German map of Singapore This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...
A United Kingdom overseas territory (formerly known as a dependent territory or earlier as a crown colony) is a territory that is under the sovereignty and formal control of the United Kingdom but is not part of the United Kingdom proper (Great Britain and Northern Ireland). ...
April 1 is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 274 days remaining. ...
1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
The Secretary of State for the Colonies or Colonial Secretary was the British Cabinet official in charge of managing the various British colonies. ...
London (pronounced ) is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom. ...
An Executive Council in Commonwealth constitutional practice based on the Westminster system exercizes executive power and is the top tier of a government led by a Governor-General, Governor, Lieutenant-Governor or Administrator (all governors). Until the advent of responsible government, Executive Councils existed primarily to advise the governor of...
The Legislative Council of the Straits Settlements was formed in 1867 when the later was made a Crown Colony answering direct to the Colonial Office in London instead of the Calcutta government based in India on 1 April. ...
The colonial government embarked on several measures to address the serious social problems facing Singapore. A Chinese Protectorate under Pickering was established in 1877 to address the needs of the Chinese community, especially in controlling the worst abuses of the coolie trade and protecting Chinese women from forced prostitution.[15] In 1889 Governor Sir Cecil Clementi Smith banned secret societies, driving them underground.[15] Nevertheless, many social problems persisted up through the post-war era, including an acute housing shortage and poor health and living standards. In 1906, the Tongmenghui, a revolutionary Chinese organisation dedicated to the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty and led by Sun Yat-Sen, founded its Nanyang branch in Singapore, which served as the organisation's headquarters in Southeast Asia.[15] The immigrant Chinese population in Singapore donated generously to Tongmenghui, which organised the 1911 Xinhai Revolution that led to the establishment of the Republic of China. The Chinese Protectorate was an administrative body responsible for the well-being of ethnic Chinese residents of the Straits Settlements during that territorys British colonial period. ...
William Pickering was the first Protector appointed by the British government to administer the Chinese Protectorate in colonial Singapore. ...
1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
Sir Cecil Clementi Smith G.C.M.G. (1840 - February 6, 1916, was a British colonial administrator. ...
The Tongmenghui (Chinese: åŒç›Ÿæœƒ; Pinyin: Tóngménghuì; Wade-Giles: Tung-meng Hui; ), also known as the United League or the Revolutionary Alliance, was a secret society and underground resistance movement organized by Sun Yat-sen and Song Jiaoren in Tokyo, Japan, on 20 August 1905. ...
Revolutionary, when used as a noun, is a person who either advocates or actively engages in some kind of revolution. ...
The Qing Dynasty (Chinese: ; pinyin: Qīng cháo; Wade-Giles: Ching chao; Manchu: daicing gurun), occasionally known as the Manchu Dynasty, was a dynasty founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what is today northeast China, expanded into China and the surrounding territories, establishing the Empire...
Sun Yat-sen (Chinese: å«é€¸ä»™) (November 12, 1866–March 12, 1925) was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader who is often referred to as the father of modern China. Sun played an instrumental and leadership role in the eventual overthrow of the Qing Dynasty in 1911. ...
Nanyang (Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is the Chinese name for the geographical region south of China, particularly Southeast Asia. ...
Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ...
The former government location at Wuhan after Wuchang Uprising, 1911. ...
Today the country officially known as the Republic of China (ROC) is commonly known by the international community as Taiwan and occasionally as Chinese Taipei. It should not be confused with the other country officially known as the Peoples Republic of China (PRC), which is commonly known as China. ...
 A busy Victoria Dock, Tanjong Pagar, in the 1890s. Singapore was not much affected by World War I (1914–18), as the conflict did not spread to Southeast Asia. The only significant event during the war was a 1915 mutiny by the British Muslim Indian sepoys garrisoned in Singapore.[16] After hearing rumours that they were to be sent off to fight the Ottoman Empire, the soldiers revolted, killing their officers and several British civilians before being suppressed by troops arriving from Johor and Burma.[17] After the war, the British government devoted significant resources into building a naval base in Singapore, as a deterrent to the increasingly ambitious Japanese Empire. Completed in 1939 at a staggering cost of $500 million, the naval base boasted what was then the largest dry dock in the world, the third-largest floating dock, and having enough fuel tanks to support the entire British navy for six months. It was defended by heavy 15-inch naval guns and by Royal Air Force squadrons stationed at Tengah Airbase. Winston Churchill touted it as the "Gibraltar of the East." Unfortunately, it was a base without a fleet. The British Home Fleet was stationed in Europe and the plan was for it to sail quickly to Singapore when needed. However, after World War II broke out in 1939, the Fleet was fully occupied with defending Britain.[18] Image File history File links Victoria_Dock,_Tanjong_Pagar,_in_the_1890s. ...
Image File history File links Victoria_Dock,_Tanjong_Pagar,_in_the_1890s. ...
Combatants Allied Powers: Russian Empire France British Empire Italy Empire of Japan United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary German Empire Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Commanders Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Ferdinand Foch Herbert Henry Asquith Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Armando Diaz Woodrow Wilson...
Mutiny is the act of conspiring to disobey an order that a group of similarly-situated individuals (typically members of the military; or the crew of any ship, even if they are civilians) is legally obliged to obey. ...
A sepoy (from Persian سپاهی Sipâhi meaning soldier) was a native of India employed as a soldier in the service of a European power, usually of the United Kingdom. ...
Motto: دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem: Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299-1326) Bursa (1326-1365) Edirne (1365-1453) Constantinople (Istanbul) (1453-1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans - 1281–1326 Osman I - 1918–1922 Mehmed VI...
A coastal defence gun fires in Singapore The Singapore Naval Base was a cornerstone of British Defence polict in the Far East between the Wars. ...
Anthem: Kimi Ga Yo Imperial Reign Slogan: Fukoku Kyohei Enrich the Country, Strengthen the Military Imperial Japan at its fullest extent during World War II Capital Tokyo Language(s) Japanese Korean (in the Korean Peninsula) Government Constitutional monarchy Emperor - 1852-1912 Meiji Emperor HIM Mutsuhito - 1912-1926 Taisho Emperor HIM...
U.S. Navy submarine USS Greeneville in dry dock following collision with a fishing boat. ...
A floating dock is a platform or ramp supported by pontoons. ...
The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the air force branch of the British Armed Forces. ...
Singapores F-16DJ based in Tengah Tengah Airbase was an RAF airfield prior to Singapores independence. ...
Churchill redirects here. ...
The Home Fleet is the traditional name of the fleet of the Royal Navy that protects the United Kingdoms territorial waters. ...
Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Nazi Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead...
Combatants United Kingdom Germany Commanders Hugh Dowding Hermann Göring Albert Kesselring Strength initially 700; grew to nearly 1000 by the end of the Battle. ...
[edit] The Battle of Singapore and the Japanese Occupation (1942–1945) -
 Damages caused by a Japanese air assault on 8 February 1942. Many civilians were killed in these air raids. On 7 December 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor and the Pacific War began in earnest. One of Japan's objectives was to capture Southeast Asia and secure the rich supply of natural resources to feed its military and industry needs. Singapore, the main Allied base in the region, was an obvious military target. The British military commanders in Singapore had believed that the Japanese attack would come by sea from the south, since the dense Malayan jungle in the north would serve as a natural barrier against invasion. Although the British had drawn up a plan for dealing with an attack on northern Malaya, preparations were never completed. The military was confident that "Fortress Singapore" would withstand any Japanese attack and this confidence was further reinforced by the arrival of Force Z, a squadron of British warships dispatched to the defense of Singapore, including the battleship HMS Prince of Wales, and cruiser HMS Repulse. The squadron was to have been accompanied by a third capital ship, the aircraft carrier HMS Indomitable, but it ran aground en route, leaving the squadron without the protection of an air cover. Both ships were sunk off the coast of Kuantan in Pahang. After this incident, Singapore and Malaya suffered daily air raids, including those targeting civilian structures such as hospitals or shophouses with casualties ranging from the tens to the hundreds each time. Combatants Allied forces: Indian Army; British Army; Australian Army; Malayan forces; Straits Settlements forces Imperial Japanese Army Commanders Arthur Percival Tomoyuki Yamashita Strength 85,000 36,000 Casualties about 5,000 killed; about 80,000 POWs 1,715 dead, 3,500 wounded The Battle of Singapore was a battle fought...
The Japanese Occupation of Singapore was to become a major turning point in the history of several nations, including that of the Japanese, who rampaged down the Malay Peninsula with the singular intent of occupying Singapore to gain greater control over her war-time resource gathering efforts, the British, with...
This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...
This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...
February 8 is the 39th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1942 calendar). ...
December 7 is the 341st day (342nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
This article is about the year. ...
Combatants United States Empire of Japan Commanders Husband Kimmel (USN), Walter Short (USA) Chuichi Nagumo (IJN), Mitsuo Fuchida (IJNAS) (1st aerial wave), Shigekazu Shimazaki (IJNAS) (2nd aerial wave) Strength 8 battleships, 8 cruisers, 29 destroyers, 9 submarines, ~50 other ships, ~390 planes 6 aircraft carriers, 2 battleships, 3 cruisers, 9...
Combatants Republic of China U.S.A. (from 1941) U.K. (from 1941) Australia (1941) Netherlands (1941) New Zealand (1941) Canada (1941) U.S.S.R. (from 1945) Empire of Japan Commanders Chiang Kai-shek, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, Josef Stalin (from 1945) Hideki Tojo The Pacific War was...
Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ...
HMS Victory in 1884 Battleship was the name given to the most powerfully gun-armed and most heavily armored classes of warships built from the mid-16th through the mid-20th centuries. ...
HMS Prince of Wales was a King George V-class battleship of the Royal Navy, built at the Cammell Laird shipyard in Birkenhead, England. ...
USS Port Royal (CG-73), a Ticonderoga-class guided missile cruiser (really an uprated guided missile destroyer), launched in 1992. ...
HMS Repulse was a Renown-class battlecruiser, the second to last battlecruiser built for the Royal Navy. ...
Four aircraft carriers, Principe-de-Asturias, USS Wasp, USS Forrestal and HMS Invincible (front-to-back), showing the difference in size between a supercarrier, light V/STOL carriers, and an amphibious carrier. ...
HMS Indomitable (1940-1955) was a modified Illustrious class aircraft carrier. ...
Location in Malaysia Coordinates: Country Malaysia State Pahang Establishment 1851 Mayor Abdul Rahim Abu Bakar Area - City 2,453 km² (1,410. ...
State motto: no State motto Capital Kuantan Royal Capital Pekan Sultan Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Chief Minister Dato Seri Adnan Yaakob Area 35,964 km2 Population - Est year 2005 1,372,500 State anthem Pahang State Anthem Pahang (Jawi: Ú¨Ù‡Ú ) is the largest state on Peninsular Malaysia, occupying the huge Pahang...
The remains of German town of Wesel after intensive Allied area bombing in 1945 (destruction rate 98 % of all buildings) // Strategic bombing is a military strategy used in a total war style campaign that attempts to destroy the economic ability of a nation-state to wage war. ...
On 8 December 1941, Japanese forces landed at Kota Bahru in northern Malaya. Just two days after the start of the invasion of Malaya, Prince of Wales and Repulse were sunk 50 miles off the coast of Malaya by a force of Japanese bombers and torpedo bomber aircraft, in the worst British naval defeat of World War II. Allied air support did not arrive in time to protect the two capital ships.[19] The Japanese army advanced swiftly southward through the Malay Peninsula, crushing or bypassing Allied resistance.[20] The Allied forces did not have tanks, which they considered as unsuitable in the tropical rainforest, and their infantry proved powerless against the Japanese light tanks. As their resistance failed against the Japanese advance, the Allied forces were forced to retreat southwards towards Singapore. By 31 January 1942, a mere 55 days after the start of the invasion, the Japanese had conquered the entire Malay peninsula and were poised to attack Singapore.[21] December 8 is the 342nd day (343rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
This article is about the year. ...
Kota Bharu (or Kota Baru or Kota Baharu) is a town in Malaysia, and is the state capital of Kelantan. ...
Combatants British Army, Indi
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