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This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. (help, get involved!) Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. This article has been tagged since May 2007. The neutrality of this article or section is disputed. Please see the discussion on the talk page. Part of the series on Slovak history Samo's Empire Principality of Nitra Great Moravia Kingdom of Hungary Royal Hungary History of Czechoslovakia Slovaks in Czechoslovakia (1918–1938) Slovak Republic (1939–1945) Slovak National Uprising (1944) Slovaks in Czechoslovakia (1960–1990) This box: view • talk • edit This article discusses the history of the territory of Slovakia and of the Slovaks. Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... Image File history File links Coat_of_Arms_of_Slovakia. ... King Samo (? – 658) was a merchant born in the Senonian country (Senonago) (probably todays Sens in France). ... The Principality of Nitra or Nitrian Principality ( Slovak: Nitrianske kniežatstvo, Nitriansko, Nitrava) was a principality in what is today Slovakia and some adjacent territories in present-day Hungary in the Middle Ages. ... Great Moravia was an empire existing in Central Europe between 833 and the early 10th century. ... The Kingdom of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyar Királyság) is the name of a multiethnic kingdom that existed in Central Europe from 1000 to 1918. ... Consequences of the Battle of Mohács, and the conquest of Buda in 1541 by the Ottomans: the Kingdom is partitioned. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Whereas Czechs wished to create a Czechoslovak nation, Slovaks sought a federative republic in 1918. ... Combatants Nazi Germany Slovakia Commanders Heinrich Himmler Ferdinand ÄŒatloÅ¡ Ján Golian† Rudolf Viest† Strength 40,000, later increased to 83,000 18,000 initially, later increased to 78,000 Casualties ≈10,000 ≈10,000 + 5,304 captured and executed Memorial of the Slovak National Uprising in Banska Bystrica The... The division between Czechs and Slovaks in Czechoslovakia persisted as a key element in the reform movement of the 1960s and the retrenchment of the 1970s, a decade that dealt harshly with the aspirations of both Czechs and Slovaks. ... Contents 1 Prehistory 1.1 Palaeolithic 1.2 Neolithic 1.3 Bronze Age 1.4 Iron Age and the Roman era 2 The Slavs 2.1 The empire of King Samo 2.2 The era of Great Moravia 3 Kingdom of Hungary 3.1 The Ottoman incursion 3.2 The Slovak national movement 4 Czechoslovakia 4.1 The formation of Czechoslovakia 4.2 Towards autonomy of Slovakia, 1938 - 1939 5 World War II 6 Czechoslovakia after World War II 7 Independent Slovakia 8 See also 9 References 10 External links [edit] Prehistory [edit] Palaeolithic Radiocarbon dating puts the oldest surviving archaeological artifacts from Slovakia - found near Nové Mesto nad Váhom - at 270,000 BCE, in the Early Paleolithic era. These ancient tools, made by the Clactonian technique, bear witness to the ancient habitation of Slovakia. Radiocarbon dating is a radiometric dating method that uses the naturally occurring isotope carbon-14 (14C) to determine the age of carbonaceous materials up to about 60,000 years[1]. Raw, i. ... Nové Mesto nad Váhom (-Slovak, German: Neustadt an der Waag / Neustadtl, Hungarian: Vágújhely) is a town in the Trenčín Region of Slovakia. ... The Lower Paleolithic (or Lower Palaeolithic) is the earliest subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age. ... The Clactonian is the name given by archaeologists to an industry of European flint tool manufacture which dates to the early part of the interglacial period known as the Hoxnian, the Mindell-Riss or the Holstein interglacial (300,000-200,000 years ago). ... Other stone tools from the Middle Paleolithic era (200,000 - 80,000 BCE) come from the Prévôt cave near Bojnice and from other nearby sites. The most important discovery from that era is a Neanderthal cranium (c. 200,000 BCE), discovered near Gánovce, a village in northern Slovakia. In Europe and Africa the Middle Paleolithic or Palaeolithic is the period of the middle Paleolithic (early Stone Age) that lasted between around 120,000 and 40,000 years ago. ... Bojnice (Hungarian: Bajmóc, German: Weinitz) is a small town in central Slovakia at the upper Nitra river, next to the city of Prievidza. ... Binomial name King, 1864 Neanderthal range Synonyms Palaeoanthropus neanderthalensis The Neanderthal (IPA pronunciation: ), (Homo neanderthalensis) or Neandertal was a species of the Homo genus that inhabited Europe and parts of western Asia. ... Cranium can mean: The brain and surrounding skull, a part of the body. ... Poprad district in the PreÅ¡ov Region Gánovce is a village in the Poprad District of the PreÅ¡ov Region in northern Slovakia. ... Archaeologists have found prehistoric Homo sapiens skeletons in the region, as well as numerous objects and vestiges of the Gravettian culture, principally in the river valleys of Nitra, Hron, Ipeľ, Váh and as far as the city of Žilina, and near the foot of the Vihorlat, Inovec, and Tribeč mountains, as well as in the Myjava Mountains. The most well-known finds include the oldest female statue made of mammoth-bone (22 800 BCE), the famous Venus of Moravany. The statue was found in the 1940s in Moravany nad Váhom near Piešťany. Numerous necklaces made of shells from Cypraca thermophile gastropods of the Tertiary period have come from the sites of Zákovská, Podkovice, Hubina, and Radošinare. These findings provide the most ancient evidence of commercial exchanges carried out between the Mediterranean and Central Europe. Homo sapiens (Latin: wise man) is the scientific name for the human species. ... The Gravettian was an industry of the European Upper Palaeolithic. ... Nitra is the name of a 197 km long river in western Slovakia. ... Hron (Hungarian: Garam, German: Gran) is a 298 km long left tributary of the Danube and the second longest river in Slovakia. ... Ipeľ (-Slovak, Hungarian: Ipoly, German: Eipel) is a 232 km long river in Slovakia and Hungary, tributary to the river Danube. ... The Váh near PieÅ¡Å¥any. ... Žilina (German: Sillein, Hungarian: Zsolna, Polish: Å»ylina) is a city in northwestern Slovakia. ... Location of Vihorlat in Slovakia (in gray) Vihorlat during autumn Vihorlat Mountains (Slovak: ; Ukrainian: ) or colloquially Vihorlat is a volcanic mountain range in eastern Slovakia and western Ukraine. ... Myjava (Hungarian: ) is a town in Trenčín Region, Slovakia. ... Species Mammuthus africanavus African mammoth Mammuthus columbi Columbian mammoth Mammuthus exilis Pygmy mammoth Mammuthus jeffersonii Jeffersonian mammoth Mammuthus trogontherii Steppe mammoth Mammuthus meridionalis Mammuthus subplanifrons South African mammoth Mammuthus primigenius Woolly mammoth Mammuthus lamarmorae Sardinian Dwarf Mammoth A mammoth is any of a number of an extinct genus of proboscidean... Venus of Willendorf Venus figurines is an umbrella term for a number of prehistoric items, mostly in statuette form, of obese or pregnant women (which is disputed) from the Aurignacian or Gravettian period of the upper Palaeolithic, found in Europe. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Location of the nearby town of PieÅ¡Å¥any Moravany nad Váhom is a village and municipality in PieÅ¡Å¥any District in the Trnava Region of western Slovakia. ... PieÅ¡Å¥any (German: Pistyan, Hungarian: Pöstyén) is a spa town in western Slovakia located on the Váh river. ... Subclasses Eogastropoda (True Limpets and relatives) Orthogastropoda The gastropods, gasteropods, or univalves, are the largest and most successful class of mollusks, with 60,000-75,000 known living species comprising the snails and slugs as well as a vast number of marine and freshwater species. ... The Tertiary period is one of the major divisions of the geologic timescale, from the end of the Cretaceous period about 64 million years ago to the start of the Quaternary period about 1. ... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... Central Europe The Alpine Countries and the Visegrád Group (Political map, 2004) Central Europe is the region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe. ... [edit] Neolithic Discovery of tools and pottery in several archaeological digs and burial places scattered across Slovakia, surprisingly including northern regions at relatively high altitudes, gives evidence of human habitation in the Neolithic period. The pottery found in Želiezovce, Gemer, and the Bukové hory massif is characterized by remarkable modeling and delicate linear decoration. It also reveals the first attempts at coloring. This deliberate adornment shows a developed aesthetic sense of the Neolithic craftsmen. Unfired green ware pottery on a traditional drying rack at Conner Prairie living history museum. ... An array of Neolithic artifacts, including bracelets, axe heads, chisels, and polishing tools. ... Želiezovce (Hungarian: Zselíz) is a town in western Slovakia in the region of Nitra in the district of Levice, near the Hron river. ... Gemer (in Latin: Gömörinum, in German: Gemer or Gömör, in Hungarian: Gömör) is the name of a historic administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. ... Important archaeological discoveries have been made in several formerly-inhabited caves. For example, humans inhabited the famous Domica cave, almost 6000 meters long, to a depth of 700 meters. This cave offers one of the biggest Neolithic deposits in Europe. The tribes who created the pottery from the Massif Bukové hory inhabited Domica continuously for more than 800 years. Domica Cave Domica is the biggest cave of Slovak Karst in southern Slovakia, Rožňava District. ... The transition to the Neolithic era in Central Europe featured the development of agriculture and the clearing of pastures, the first smelting of metals at the local level, the "Retz" style pottery and also fluted pottery. During the "fluted-pottery" era, people built several fortified sites. Some vestiges of these remain today, especially in high-altitude areas. Pits surround the most well-known of these sites at Nitriansky Hrádok. Starting in the Neolithic era, the geographic location of present-day Slovakia hosted a dense trade-network for goods such as shells, amber, jewels and weapons. As a result, it became an important hub in the system of European trade routes. Amber pendants. ... [edit] Bronze Age The Bronze Age in Slovakia went through three stages of development, stretching from 2000 to 800 BCE. Major cultural, economic, and political development can be attributed to the significant growth in production of copper, especially in central Slovakia (for example in Špania Dolina) and north-west Slovakia. Copper became a stable source of prosperity for the local population. After the disappearance of the Čakany and Velatice cultures, the Lusatian people expanded building of strong and complex fortifications, with the large permanent buildings and administrative centers. Excavations of Lusatian hill-forts document the substantial development of trade and agriculture at that period. The Bronze Age is a period in a civilizations development when the most advanced metalworking has developed the techniques of smelting copper from natural outcroppings and alloys it to cast bronze. ... (Redirected from 20th century BCE) (21st century BC - 20th century BC - 19th century BC - other centuries) (3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC) Events 2064 - 1986 BC -- Twin Dynasty wars in Egypt 2000 BC -- Farmers and herders travel south from Ethiopia and settle in Kenya. ... Centuries: 10th century BC - 9th century BC - 8th century BC Decades: 850s BC 840s BC 830s BC 820s BC 810s BC - 800s BC - 790s BC 780s BC 770s BC 760s BC 750s BC Events and Trends 804 BC - Hadad-nirari IV of Assyria conquers Damascus. ... General Name, Symbol, Number copper, Cu, 29 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 4, d Appearance metallic pinkish red Standard atomic weight 63. ... Å pania Dolina is a village and municipality in central Slovakia, near the city of Banská Bystrica. ... A simplified map of the central European cultures, ca 1200 BC. The purple area is the Lusatian culture, the central blue area is the Knoviz culture, the red area is the central urnfield culture, and the orange area is the northern urnfield culture. ... A hill fort is a fortified refuge or defended settlement, located to exploit a rise in elevation for military advantage. ... The richness and the diversity of tombs increased considerably. The inhabitants of the area manufactured arms, shields, jewelry, dishes, and statues. The arrival of tribes from Thrace disrupted the people of the Calenderberg culture, who lived in the hamlets located on the plain (Sereď), and also in the hill forts located on the summits (Smolenice, Molpír). The local power of the "Princes" of the Hallstatt culture disappeared in Slovakia during the last period of the Iron Age after strife between the Scytho-Thracian people and the Celtic tribes, who advanced from the south towards the north, following the Slovak rivers. Thraciae veteris typvs. ... Sereď is town in southern Slovakia near Trnava. ... Smolenice Castle Smolenice is a village and municipality of Trnava District in the Trnava region of Slovakia. ... The Hallstatt culture was the predominant Central European culture during the local Bronze Age, and introduced the Iron Age. ... Iron Age Axe found on Gotland This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age, for the mythological Iron Age see Iron Age (mythology). ... Scythia was an area in Eurasia inhabited in ancient times by an Indo-Aryans known as the Scythians. ... This article is about the European people. ... [edit] Iron Age and the Roman era A Celtic coin minted in Bratislava and its replica on a modern 5-koruna coin. The victory of the Celts marked the beginning of the late Iron Age in the region. Two major Celtic tribes living in Slovakia were Cotini and Boii. Cotini were probably identical or made significant part of so-called Púchov culture. The Celts built large oppida in Bratislava and Liptov (the Havránok shrine). Silver coins with the names of Celtic kings, the so-called Biatecs, represent the first known use of writing in Slovakia. Celtic dominance disappeared with the Germanic incursions, the victory of Dacia over the Boii near the Neusiedler See, and the expansion of the Roman Empire. Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... ISO 4217 Code SKK User(s) Slovakia Inflation 2. ... Iron Age Axe found on Gotland This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age, for the mythological Iron Age see Iron Age (mythology). ... Cotini was a Celtic tribe most probably living in todays Slovakia, or (according to occasional opinions) in Moravia and southern Poland. ... Boii (Latin plural, singular Boius; Greek Βοιοι) is the Roman name of an ancient Celtic tribe, attested at various times in Transalpine Gaul (modern France) and Cisalpine Gaul (northern Italy), as well as most anciently found in Pannonia (today Western Hungary), Bohemia, Moravia and western Slovakia. ... An enclosed oppidum was a type of large, late Iron Age settlement, or oppidum surrounded by an encircling bank and ditch. ... Nickname: Location of Bratislava within Slovakia Coordinates: , Country Slovakia Region Bratislava Region Districts Bratislava I-V City parts 17 city boroughs Cadastral areas 20 cadastral areas First mentioned 907[1] Government  - Type City council  - Mayor (Primátor) Andrej ÄŽurkovský[2]  - Headquarters Primates Palace Area [1]  - City 367. ... Lipton (-Slovak:, Hungarian: Liptó, German: Liptau, Polish: Liptów, Latin: Liptovium) is the name of a historic administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. ... Havránok is an important archaeological site in northern Slovakia. ... An original Biatec and its replica on a modern 5-koruna coin. ... Dacia, in ancient geography the land of the Daci, named by the ancient Greeks Getae, was a large district of Southeastern Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathians, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisa, on the east by the Tyras or Nistru, now... A storks nest typical for the region The Neusiedler See (Hungarian: FertÅ‘) is the only steppe lake in Central Europe and is located at the border between Austria and Hungary. ... Motto Senatus Populusque Romanus (SPQR) The Roman Empire at its greatest extent. ... The Roman epoch began in Slovakia in 6 CE, inaugurated by the arrival of Roman legions on this territory that led to a war against the Marcomanni and Quadi tribes. The Kingdom of Vannius, a barbarian kingdom founded by the Quadi, existed in western and central Slovakia from 20 to 50 AD. The Romans and their armies occupied only a thin strip of the right bank of the Danube and a very small part of south-western Slovakia (Celemantia, Gerulata, Devín Castle). Only in 174 CE did the emperor Marcus Aurelius penetrate deeper into the river valleys of Váh, Nitra and Hron. On the banks of the Hron he wrote his philosophical work Meditations. In 179 CE, a Roman legion engraved on the rock of the Trenčín Castle the ancient name of Trenčín (Laugaritio), marking the furthest northern point of their presence in this part of Europe. For other uses, see 6 (disambiguation). ... The Roman Legion (from Latin , from lego, legere, legi, lectus — to collect) is a term that can apply both as a transliteration of legio (conscription or army) to the entire Roman army and also, more narrowly (and more commonly), to the heavy infantry that was the basic military unit of... The Marcomanni were a Germanic tribe, probably related to the Suebi or Suevi. ... The Quadi were a smaller Germanic tribe, about which little definitive information is known. ... Vannius was the king of the germanic tribe Quadi. ... Look up Barbarian in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Celemantia (or Kelemantia; the modern name of the site is Leányvár) was a Roman castellum and settlement on the territory of the present-day municipality Iža, some 4 km to the east of Komárno. ... Gerulata was Roman military camp, which was standing near todays Rusovce, a city part of Bratislava, Slovakia. ... Devín Castle (Slovak: hrad Devín or Devínsky hrad) is a castle in Devín, which is a part of Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia. ... Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (April 26, 121[1] – March 17, 180) was Roman Emperor from 161 to his death. ... Meditations is a series of writings by Marcus Aurelius setting forth his ideas on Stoic philosophy. ... Events Roman fort Castra Regina (fortress by the river Regen) was built at Regensburg, Germany. ... Trenčín Castle The Trenčín Castle is a castle above the town of Trenčín in western Slovakia. ... Trenčín (Hungarian: Trencsén, German: Trentschin, Latin: Laugaricio) is a town in western Slovakia (close to the Czech border) at the Váh river. ... [edit] The Slavs The majority of mainstream historians suggest that the settlement of Central and Western Europe by the Slavs only began in the sixth century CE. However, certain elements attest to the fact that by the beginning of the sixth century, a Slav population had begun to occupy vast territories extending from the Vistula, the Dniestr and the Danube, including present-day Slovakia, Pannonia and Karantania. The Slavic peoples are the most numerous ethnic and linguistic body of peoples in Europe. ... The 6th century is the period from 501 - 600 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... The Vistula (Polish: ) is with 1,047 kilometers (678 miles) the longest river in Poland. ... The river Dniestr (in Polish and Russian; Nistru in Romanian; Дністер, Dnister in Ukrainian; Tyras in Latin; also known as Dniester) is a river in Eastern Europe. ... The Danube (ancient Danuvius, Iranian *dānu, meaning river or stream, ancient Greek Istros) is the longest river in the European Union and Europes second longest river. ... Position of the Roman province of Pannonia Pannonia is an ancient country bounded north and east by the Danube, conterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. ... Karantania sometimes Carantania, Carentania, Carinthia (in old Slovenian onomastics Korotan, or Karantanija) was a Slavic principality that developed in the 6th century and was centered on the territory of contemporary Carinthia. ... Based on their interpretation of recent archeological and literal sources, a minority of historians and linguists has developed an alternative theory holding that Slav tribes emerged on this territory thousands of years BCE, evolving from sedentary indigenous peoples in the midst of Celtic and Germanic tribal movements. The best known proponent has been the Russian Slavic and Hungarian linguist Oleg Nikolayevitch Trubatchov, the main editor of the monumental Ethymological Dictionary of Slavic languages, who wrote a detailed book on this theory. Also, Greek and Roman texts provide possible evidence of an older Slavic presence in the area. For example they content that the first reference to the Slavs — Vénèdes — appears in a work by Herodotus of Halicarnassus dated 400 BCE. The designation Vénètes or Vénedès occurred widely: it still occurs today in places of contact between Western Europeans and Slavs situated on the territory of present-day Austria. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Map of the Aegean Sea, showing the location of Halicarnassus (modern Bodrum, Turkey) Halicarnassus (; modern Bodrum; see also List of traditional Greek place names), an ancient Greek city on the southwest coast of Caria, Asia Minor, on a picturesque and advantageous site on the Ceramic Gulf (Gulf of Cos, Gulf... Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 450s BC 440s BC 430s BC 420s BC 410s BC - 400s BC - 390s BC 380s BC 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC Years: 405 BC 404 BC 403 BC 402 BC 401 BC - 400 BC - 399 BC 398 BC... Mention of the Slav presence also comes in the writings of Pliny the Elder (79 CE) and of Tacitus Cornelius (55-116 CE). The first designation of the Slavs in the Latin form Souveni appears in the writings of Claudius Ptolemaeus in 160 CE. The Slavs of the middle Danube before the 8th century, who lived on the present-day territories of Slovakia, of north and west Hungary, Moravia, Pannonia, Austria and Slovenia, used this name in the form Sloveni (*Slověne). Slovaks and Slovenians, who come from the ethnic group Sloveni, continue to use the name. Pliny the Elder: an imaginative 19th Century portrait. ... AD79 Events June 23 - Titus succeeds his father Vespasian as Roman emperor. ... This article is about the historian Tacitus. ... For other uses, see number 55. ... Events Roman Emperor Trajan completes his invasion of Parthia by capturing the cities of Seleucia, Ctesiphon and Susa, marking the high-water mark of the Roman Empires eastern expansion. ... A medieval artists rendition of Claudius Ptolemaeus Claudius Ptolemaeus (Greek: ; ca. ... For other uses, see number 160. ... Recent research has discovered evidence of the co-existence of the Slavs and the Celtic tribes in the region of Liptov in northern Slovakia, near the area of Liptovská Mara. Investigators discovered six Celto-Slav colonies and the site of a castle with a sanctuary in its center, used for Celtic and Slav rites. Stone fortifications surrounded the castle.[citation needed] Slav tribes also coexisted with the Germanic Quadi, according to the latest findings of the Czech archeologist J. Poulík. Lipton (-Slovak:, Hungarian: Liptó, German: Liptau, Polish: Liptów, Latin: Liptovium) is the name of a historic administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. ... The Quadi were a smaller Germanic tribe, about which little definitive information is known. ... Archaeology or sometimes in American English archeology (from the Greek words αρχαίος = ancient and λόγος = word/speech) is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains, including architecture, artefacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes. ... The two competing theories are not necessarily mutually exclusive. Contemporary scholarship in general has moved away from the idea of monolithic nations and the Urheimat debates of the 19th and early 20th centuries, and its focus of interest is that of a process of ethnogenesis, regarding competing Urheimat scenarios as false dichotomies. In the second and third centuries CE the Huns began to leave the Central Asian steppes. They crossed the Danube in 377 CE and occupied Pannonia, which they used for 75 years as their base for launching looting-raids into Western Europe. In 451, under the command of Attila, they crossed the Rhine and laid Gaul to waste; then crossed even the Pyrenees, devastating the countryside of Catalonia. However, Attila's death in 453 brought about the disappearance of the Hun tribe. In 568 a proto-Mongol tribe, the Avars, conducted their own invasion into the Middle Danube region. For other uses, see Hun (disambiguation). ... Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ... Events Battle of the Willows, Roman troops fight an inconclusive battle against the Visigoths under Fritigern Births Deaths Tuoba Shi Yi Jian King of Dai Categories: 377 ... Events April 7 - The Huns sack Metz June 20 - Attila, king of the Huns is defeated at Troyes by Aëtius in the Battle of Chalons. ... For other uses, see Attila (disambiguation). ... The Rhine (German: ; Dutch: ; French: ; Italian: ; Romansh: ) is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe at 1,320 kilometres (820 miles), with an average discharge of more than 2,000 cubic meters per second. ... Map of Gaul circa 58 BC Gaul (Latin: ) was the name given, in ancient times, to the region of Western Europe comprising present-day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine river. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Anthem: Capital Barcelona Official language(s) Catalan,Spanish and Aranese. ... Events Theodoric II succeeds his brother Thorismund as king of the Visigoths. ... Events April 1 - King Alboin leads the Lombards into Italy; refugees fleeing from them go on to found Venice. ... Map showing the location of Avar Khaganate, c. ... [edit] The empire of King Samo Main article: Samo The remnants of the Slavic population settled in the Middle Danube and they were unified by King Samo, after a successful Slavic insurrection against the Avar Khaganate in 623. In 631, Samo defeated the Frankish army of King Dagobert I at the Battle of Wogastisburg. Samo's Empire, the first known political formation of Slavs, disappeared after the death of its founder in 665. The Avar supremacy over southern Slovakia lasted until 803 - the year when Charlemagne, helped by the Slavs living north of the Danube (in the nucleus of the future Principality of Nitra), defeated the Avars, who eventually became assimilated into the local Slavic populations. King Samo (? – 658) was a merchant born in the Senonian country (Senonago) (probably todays Sens in France). ... King Samo (? – 658) was a merchant born in the Senonian country (Senonago) (probably todays Sens in France). ... Map showing the location of Avar Khaganate, c. ... Events Clotaire II, king of the Franks, makes his son Dagobert I king of Austrasia Samo, reputedly a Frankish merchant, governs in Moravia, Slovakia and Lower Austria. ... Events Battle of Wogastisburg between Slavs led by Samo and Dagobert I, king of the Franks Births Deaths Categories: 631 ... This article is about the Frankish people and society. ... Dagobert I (c. ... Combatants Slavs Austrasians Commanders King Samo Dagobert I According to the contemporary Chronicle of Fredegar, the battle of Wogastisburg was a battle between Slavs under Samo and Franks under King Dagobert I in 631. ... Events Swithelm succeeded by Sighere and Sebbi as king(s) of Essex Seongnam renamed Hansanju. ... Events Nicephorus I and Charlemagne settle their imperial boundaries. ... A portrait of Charlemagne by Albrecht Dürer that was painted several centuries after Charlemagnes death. ... The Principality of Nitra or Nitrian Principality ( Slovak: Nitrianske kniežatstvo, Nitriansko, Nitrava) was a principality in what is today Slovakia and some adjacent territories in present-day Hungary in the Middle Ages. ... [edit] The era of Great Moravia Main article: Great Moravia Central Europe in the 9th century. Eastern Francia in blue, Bulgaria in orange, Great Moravia under Rastislav (870) in green. The green line marks the borders of Great Moravia under Svatopluk I (894). The first recorded mention of Slavic princes near Pannonia goes back to 803 CE. In 805, the presence of Prince Vratislav, Lord of Bratislava Castle, signifies the arrival of the second historic Slav in the Middle Danube. An anonymous Bavarian geographic work Descriptio Civitatum et Regionum ad septentrionalem plagam Danubiti mentions in 817 the existence of 30 castles on the territory of the Principality of Nitra and of 11 castles on the territory of the Moravian principality. In 822, emissaries sent by the Slavs visited Emperor Louis the Pious at the Imperial Diet of Frankfurt and in 828, the Archbishop Adalram of Salzburg consecrated the Church of the court of Prince Pribina in Nitra. The first mention of the subject of the Christianization of the Slavs on the Middle Danube goes back to the seventh century, to the epoch of the bishop Saint Amand, an apostle of the Belgians. After his mission, travelling Irish and Scottish missionaries arrived to the region of High Nitra. Great Moravia was an empire existing in Central Europe between 833 and the early 10th century. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... East Francia was the land of Louis the German after the Treaty of Verdun of 843, which divided the Carolingian Empire of the Franks. ... Great Moravia was an empire existing in Central Europe between 833 and the early 10th century. ... Rastislav (?-870) was the second prince of Great Moravia. ... Svatopluk (-modern Czech name; modern Slovak name: Svätopluk; Old Slavic Свѧтопълкъ; reconstructed name: Sventopluk; some names in Latin texts: Suentopolcus, Zventopluk, Suatopluk, Zwentibald) (around 830 - 894) from the Mojmírs dynasty was the prince of the Nitrian principality (850s - 871) and then the king of Great Moravia (871 - 894). ... Events Emperor Nicephorus I of Byzantium suffers a major defeat against the Saracens at Crasus. ... Nickname: Location of Bratislava within Slovakia Coordinates: , Country Slovakia Region Bratislava Region Districts Bratislava I-V City parts 17 city boroughs Cadastral areas 20 cadastral areas First mentioned 907[1] Government  - Type City council  - Mayor (Primátor) Andrej ÄŽurkovský[2]  - Headquarters Primates Palace Area [1]  - City 367. ... Events Louis the Pious divides his empire among his sons. ... Events Abd-ar-rahman II becomes ruler of Umayyad Spain. ... Louis the Pious, contemporary depiction from 826 as a miles Christi (soldier of Christ), with a poem of Rabanus Maurus overlaid. ... For other uses, see Frankfurt (disambiguation). ... Events Egbert became first King of England Alcamo was founded by the Muslim commander al-Kamuk. ... Nitra - City Center Nitra (German: ( ); Hungarian: / Nyitria [archaic]) is a city in western Slovakia (and the fourth largest urban settlement in Slovakia) situated at the foot of Zobor Mountain in the Nitra River valley. ... St Francis Xavier converting the Paravas: a 19th-century image of the docile heathen The historical phenomenon of Christianization, the conversion of individuals to Christianity or the conversion of entire peoples at once, also includes the practice of converting pagan practices, pagan religious imagery, pagan sites and the pagan calendar... Saint Amand or Amandus, one of the great apostles of Flanders; b c584 in Lower Poitou; d 675 at Elnon (later Saint-Amand-les-Eaux) near Tournai. ... Motto (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity Cha togar mfhearg gun dioladh (Scottish Gaelic) Wha daur meddle wi me?(Scots)1 Anthem (Multiple unofficial anthems) Scotlands location in Europe Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official languages English, Gaelic and Scots1 Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Monarch Queen Elizabeth II... In 833 an important political event took place in this region. Prince Mojmír I from the Moravian principality and his army attacked the Principality of Nitra, conquering it and setting up in a relatively vast territory a united Slav State. The Empire unified the Slavs of Nitra and Moravia. Historiographers refer to the principality of Mojmír as Great Moravia, a name used for the first time by the Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII around 950 (i.e. after its disappearance). Mojmír I was the first known prince of the Моravian principality (?830-833) and the first prince of Great Moravia (833-846). ... Great Moravia was an empire existing in Central Europe between 833 and the early 10th century. ... Great Moravia was an empire existing in Central Europe between 833 and the early 10th century. ... Constantine and his mother Zoë. Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos or Porphyrogenitus, the Purple-born (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Ζ΄ Πορφυρογέννητος, Kōnstantinos VII PorphyrogennÄ“tos), (Constantinople, September 905 – November 9, 959 in Constantinople) was the son of the Byzantine emperor Leo VI and his fourth wife Zoe Karbonopsina. ... Prince Pribina, after fleeing Nitra, became the Lord of the Slavs, occupying Transdanubian Pannonia. He founded the principality of Balaton, had castles and churches built, and obtained remarkable results in his efforts to convert the region to Christianity. After his death in 861 his son Koceľ, who ruled the principality of Balaton until 876, continued his father's work. Events Carloman revolts against his father Louis the German. ... Lake Balaton - Landsat satellite photo Lake Balaton (Slovak Blatenské jazero, meaning approximately muddy lake, probable origin of the name; German Plattensee), located in Hungary, is the largest lake of Central Europe with a surface area of 592 km². Its length is 77 kilometres and the width ranges from 4 to... Events Seiwa is succeeded by Yozei as emperor of Japan. ... The Frankish clergy led efforts to convert the empire of Mojmír to Christianity, as attested by the Ecclesiastical Assembly of 852 at Mohuc and in the reports by the Ecclesiastical Missions of Salzburg. But the rich deposits of iron, silver and copper also served as strong attractions to the rulers of the Frankish empire. For this reason Louis II the German (804 - 878) and his armies invaded the area, stripping Mojmír I of his crown, and entrusting (846) the government to Mojmir's son, Rastislav. Events Boris I Michael succeeds the duumvirate of Malamir and Presian as monarch of Bulgaria. ... Louis the German (also known as Louis II or Louis the Bavarian or German Ludwig der Deutsche) (804 – August 28, 876), the third son of the emperor Louis the Pious and his first wife, Ermengarde of Hesbaye, was the king of Bavaria from 817, when his father partitioned the empire... Prince Rastislav stood out as an efficient and wise ruler. To put an end to the aggression of the Eastern Franks, he attempted, starting in 853, to establish an alliance with the Bulgars. He resisted several military attacks by the Franks and, in 855, challenged the huge army of King Louis the Pious at Devín and, in 857, even conquered Duke Carloman and established, in 857, a peace treaty with him. Rastislav (?-870) was the second prince of Great Moravia. ... Louis the Pious, contemporary depiction from 826 as a miles Christi (soldier of Christ), with a poem of Rabanus Maurus overlaid. ... Devín (Slovak: Devín or Devínsky hrad) is a castle in Bratislava, Slovakia. ... Rastislav realised the importance of Christianity for the Slavs, and in 861 asked the Pope in Rome to send a Bishop to his kingdom. His request fell on deaf ears in Rome and, so, in 862, he asked the Byzantine Emperor Michael III to send him a Bishop and teachers of religion. The famous letter from Rastislav I to Emperor Michael III began with these words: " ...We, the Slavs, a simple people, have no-one to teach us the truth..." The Emperor agreed to his request and sent Rastislav two apostles, the brothers Cyril and Methodius, born in the city of Salonika (today Thessalonika). This coin struck during the regency of Theodora shows how Michael was less prominent than his mother, who is represented as ruler alone on the obverse, and even than his sister Thecla, who is depicted together with the young Michael on the reverse of this coin. ... Monument to Sts. ... The White Tower The Arch of Galerius Map showing the Thessaloníki prefecture Thessaloníki (Θεσσαλονίκη) is the second-largest city of Greece and is the principal city and the capital of the Greek region of Macedonia. ... Even before leaving the Byzantine Empire, Cyril and Methodius had created the "first" Slavic alphabet, the glagolitic, and had translated several religious works into the Slavon language (ancient Slav). For other uses, see Alphabet (disambiguation). ... Tablet inscribed with the Glagolitic alphabet The Glagolitic alphabet or Glagolitsa is the oldest known Slavonic alphabet. ... Cyril and Methodius arrived in Rastislav's principality accompanied by a large group of scholars. They founded, using as a model the Academy of Constantinople, the first academy in Slovakia. They further developed writing in the Slav language, into which translators re-worked other religious texts and in which originated several literary works, poems and judicial acts (the Proglas Poem, the work "Warnings to Lords, a judicial Code for the common people", etc...) The work of Cyril and Methodius includes: This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Proglas (Old Church Slavonic Glagolitic ⰒⰓⰑⰃⰎⰀⰔⰟ, Cyrillic Прогласъ; meaning Foreword) is the foreword to the Old Church Slavonic translation of the four Gospels. ... the first Slav alphabet the first translations into the Slav language - the Slavon (ancient Slav) in 862 the first large Slav school (863) the first translations and first literary, philosophical and legal works in the language of the Subdanubian Slavs - Slavon (863 - 886) the establishment of the Slavon language as the liturgical language (867), the first liturgical Slav language after Hebrew, Latin and Greek the first Slav Bishop - Cyril (Constantine) (868) the first legate of the Holy See for the Slav countries - Methodius (869) the first archdiocese in the Slav countries - Bishop Methodius (869). (Note that Prague did not become an archdiocese until 1344.) From 869 to 871 the intrigues and military attacks led by the Eastern Franks against the principality of the Slavs intensified. After the Franks captured Rastislav and he lost his sight (870), and after the large anti-Germanic insurrection of Slavomír, Svätopluk, Rastislav's nephew, acceded to the throne of the principality as Svätopluk I. From 872 to 876 Svätopluk conquered the armies of Louis several times and kept his independence. In 880, Pope John VIII, by the act Industriae tuae, crowned Svätopluk King and gave his kingdom the protection of the Holy See. Svatopluk (-modern Czech name; modern Slovak name: Svätopluk; Old Slavic Свѧтопълкъ; reconstructed name: Sventopluk; some names in Latin texts: Suentopolcus, Zventopluk, Suatopluk, Zwentibald) (around 830 - 894) from the Mojmírs dynasty was the prince of the Nitrian principality (850s - 871) and then the king of Great Moravia (871 - 894). ... John VIII was pope from 872 to 882. ... Important events during the period of the Kingdom of Svätopluk: 874 Occupation of the Vistule Basin by Svätopluk 882 Occupation of the territory of Bohemia (present-day Czech Republic, excluding Moravia) 883 Invasion and Occupation of Pannonia 889 Occupation of the territory of the Lusatian Serbs 890 Treaty with Arnoul, confirmation of the sovereignty of Svätopluk I in Bohemia 892 Driving back of the common attack by the Frankish, Alaman and Bavarian armies and the Magyar tribes 893 Driving back of the attack by the armies of Arnoul, and upon his request, the signing of a peace treaty with Svätopluk 894 Death of King Svätopluk I, peace for the Slavs with the Bavarians, first invasion by the Magyars into the Transdanubian region. The death of King Svätopluk brought about the progressive disintegration of the largest Central European empire and its eventual disappearance due to the incessant invasions of the allied Bavarian armies and the Magyars. However, the first act which led to the disintegration of the Empire was caused by the Slav Dukes of Bohemia (present-day Czech Republic) in 895, which detached itself from the Empire of Svätopluk and asked Emperor Arnoul of Ratisbonne for his protection against the Slavs. In 897, Mojmír II tried once again to conquer the territory of Bohemia, but failed, and in 898, a struggle for the throne broke out between King Mojmír II and his brother, Svätopluk II. Mojmír II fought off the attack by the Bavarian armies (joined also by military troops of the small Czech lords) and he had Svätopluk II imprisoned. In 899, the Bavarians once again attacked the Slavs and liberated Svätopluk II. In 900, Mojmír once more fought off attacks from the Czech and Bavarian armies. In that same year the Pope reconfirmed the archdiocese and the three dioceses in the Slav Empire in Slovakia. In western Slovakia, the Latin rite from then on would start to replace the young Church Slavonic Byzantine Rite brought by Saint Cyril. In 901, Louis IV the Younger and Mojmír II reached a peace agreement in Ratisbonne. The Latin Rite is one of the 23 sui iuris particular Churches within the Catholic Church. ... Church Slavonic may refer to: Old Church Slavonic language Church Slavonic language This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The Byzantine Rite, sometimes called Constantinopolitan, is the liturgical rite used (in various languages) by all the Eastern Orthodox Churches and by several Eastern Rite particular Churches within the Catholic Church. ... The last true Carolingian ruler of East Francia, Louis the Child (893–20 or 24 September 911) was the only legitimate son of the Emperor Arnulf and his wife, Ota, a member of the Conradine Dynasty. ... Regensburg (English formerly Ratisbon, Latin Ratisbona, Czech Řezno) is a city (population 146,824 in 2002) in Bavaria, south-east Germany, located at the confluence of the Danube and Regen rivers, at the northernmost bend in the Danube. ... In 902 and at the beginning of 906 Mojmír II twice pushed back attacks from the Magyar armies which resulted in their fleeing. However, during their next raid in the South, both Mojmír II and Svätopluk II were killed, and the Magyars pillaged the southern Slovak regions. Thus began the progressive disappearance of the independent Slav state, and chronicles of that period describing the battle of the Bavarians against the Magyars on July 4, 907 make no mention of any participation by Slav armies. July 4 is the 185th day of the year (186th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Oleg leads Kievan Rus in a campaign against Constantinople Yelü Abaoji establishes Liao (Khitan) dynasty Births Deaths Categories: 907 ... [edit] Kingdom of Hungary From the beginning of the 10th century, the Ugrian tribes of the Magyars (Hungarians), progressively imposed their authority on the Slav tribes. At the same time, they began to adopt the lifestyle of the Slavs and Germans, who had been already practicing Christianity and had lived a settled life. See also the history of Europe, the history of present-day nations and states, Hungary before the Magyars, and Hungary. ... Ugric languages or Ugrian languages are generally held to be a branch of Finno-Ugric languages. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... During this transitional period, the Magyars frequently conducted raids to surrounding territories. Such activities continued until the Battle of Augsburg on the Lech River in 955, when Otto, King of the Germans disastrously destroyed the troops of the Horka. As a direct result the Árpád's tribe started to impose their authority over other Magyar tribes in Transdanubia. The territory of the present-day Slovakia became progressively integrated into the developing Principality of Hungary in the early 10th century. Combatants East Francia Magyars Commanders Otto the Great harka Bulcsú; chieftains Lél and Súr Strength 10,000 heavy cavalry 50,000 light cavalry Casualties about 3,500 about 30,000 fell in the battle about 5,000 killed by local farmers maybe 5,000 fleeing Magyars killed by... Lech can refer to: a Slavic, especially Polish, first name, e. ... For others with the same name, see Otto I (disambiguation). ... Horka or harka was a title used by the Magyar tribes in the 9th and centuries. ... In 997 the head of the old Magyars, Geza, died, and the question of his succession arose. War broke out between his son Vajk and the Head of the "Comitat", the pagan Koppány. That time, Vajk was the ruler of the Nitrian Principality. He established good relations with Slavic nobles and with their contribution, defeated his pagan opponents. Vajko was later baptized and in 1000AD, crowned as Stephen I, the first King of Hungary by Pope Sylvester II´s order. Géza of Hungary (born around 940-945, died in 997) (possibly Gyécsa in Old Hungarian, Gejza in Slovak), was the fejedelem (ruling prince) of the Magyars from c. ... King Stephens statue in his hometown, Esztergom A statue of the king in Miskolc Saint Stephen I (Hungarian: ; Latin: ; Slovak: , German: ) (circa 975 – 15 August 1038) was a ruling prince of Hungary, the first King of Hungary and a ruling prince of Nitra. ... The Principality of Nitra or Nitrian Principality ( Slovak: Nitrianske kniežatstvo, Nitriansko, Nitrava) was a principality in what is today Slovakia and some adjacent territories in present-day Hungary in the Middle Ages. ... Sylvester II, or Silvester II (c. ... The Kingdom of Hungary integrated elements of the former Great Moravian state organization. The counter influence of Magyar and Slavic languages began. The Magyars adapted numerous Slavic words, connected to various fields of life, from state organization to agriculture and social relations. An estimated 9.36%[1] of word roots have Slavic origin in the modern Magyar language. Great Moravia was an empire existing in Central Europe between 833 and the early 10th century. ... Slovakia as part of Poland in 1003 The Mongol invasion led to construction of mighty stone castles, such as Spiš Castle The Slovak habited lands remained, in the early days of the Kingdom, the object of frequent and long battles between the Kingdom of Hungary and the rulers of neighboring countries. In 1001 Boleslaw I of Poland captured part of the region, which remained Polish until 1030. The northern lands split into independent Slovak mini-principalities until the last of them became gradually incorporated in the Kingdom of Hungary by around 1300. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 607 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (2310 × 2280 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 607 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (2310 × 2280 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The ruins of SpiÅ¡ Castle (Slovak: SpiÅ¡ský hrad) in Eastern Slovakia form one of the largest castle sites in Central Europe. ... Reign From 992 until 1025 Coronation On April 18, 1025 in Gniezno Cathedral, Poland Royal House Piast Coat of Arms Orzeł Piastowski Parents Mieszko I Dubrawka Consorts Rikdaga Judith Enmilda Oda Children with Judith Bezprym with Enmilda Regelina Mieszko II Lambert Otton with Oda Matylda Date of Birth 966... The invasions of the Tatars from 1241 to 1243 compounded the human and material losses resulting from previous struggles. Massive exterminations of populations and famines characterized the Tatar invasions. Following the invasion, the king of Hungary was calling in German colonists, who contributed largely not only in the development of cities, but also in the development of mining, the metallurgical industry and trade. Tatars (Tatar: Tatarlar/Татарлар), sometimes spelled Tartar (more about the name), is a collective name applied to the Turkic speaking people of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. ... The territory of present-day Slovakia, rich in raw materials and economically developed, remained until the beginning of the Modern Era, the largest producer of silver and the second-largest producer of gold in Europe. During the following centuries, it was one of the richest and most developed region of the Kingdom of Hungary. Precisely for that reason the monarchs granted the first royal privileges the following cities in Slovakia: Trnava and Banská Štiavnica probably in 1238; Zvolen, Krupina, and Starý Tekov before 1241; Nitra and Košice in 1248; Banská Bystrica in 1255; Gelnica in 1270; Bratislava probably in 1291; Prešov in 1299. Trnava (Hungarian: Nagyszombat, German: Tyrnau) is a town in western Slovakia, 45 kilometers to the north-east of Bratislava, on the Trnávka river, and at the main Bratislava-Žilina railway and Bratislava-Žilina limited-access highway. ... Banská Å tiavnica (German: , Hungarian: ) is a town in central Slovakia, in the middle of an immense caldera created by the collapse of an ancient volcano. ... Zvolen (Hungarian: Zólyom, German: Altsohl) is a town in central Slovakia, close to Banská Bystrica, at the Hron river. ... Town of Krupina in the Banská Bystrica Region Krupina is a town in central Slovakia. ... Location of Levice District in the Nitra Region Starý Tekov (German: , Hungarian: ) is a village and municipality in the Levice District in the Nitra Region of Slovakia. ... Nitra - City Center Nitra (German: ( ); Hungarian: / Nyitria [archaic]) is a city in western Slovakia (and the fourth largest urban settlement in Slovakia) situated at the foot of Zobor Mountain in the Nitra River valley. ... Statue of KoÅ¡ices coat of arms St. ... Banská Bystrica (German: Neusohl, Hungarian: Besztercebánya) is a town in central Slovakia, in the Hron river valley, surrounded by the mountains Nízke Tatry, Veľká Fatra, and Kremnické vrchy. ... Gelnica (-Slovak, German: Göllnitz, Hungarian: Gölnicbánya) is a town in the KoÅ¡ice Region of Slovakia. ... Nickname: Location of Bratislava within Slovakia Coordinates: , Country Slovakia Region Bratislava Region Districts Bratislava I-V City parts 17 city boroughs Cadastral areas 20 cadastral areas First mentioned 907[1] Government  - Type City council  - Mayor (Primátor) Andrej ÄŽurkovský[2]  - Headquarters Primates Palace Area [1]  - City 367. ... PreÅ¡ov city centre Torysa riverbank in PreÅ¡ov Cathedral of PreÅ¡ov Neptune‘s fountain on the Hlavná Street in PreÅ¡ov PreÅ¡ov (Hungarian: Eperjes, German: Preschau or Eperies, Polish: Preszów, Rusyn: Пряшів /Пряшyв , Romany: Peryeshis) is a town in eastern Slovakia. ... When the first ruling dynasty of the Kingdom, the Árpáds died out (1301), struggle broke out for the succession of the Hungarian crown. During this anarchic period, the central power weakened and various local oligarchies ruled the lands. From the late 1290s, Matthew Csák the self-titled "Lord of the Váh and the Tatras" was the de facto ruler of much of the territories of present-day Slovakia, from his seat at Trenčín. Events February 7 - Edward of Caernarvon (later King Edward II of England) becomes the first Prince of Wales End of the reign of Emperor Go-Fushimi, emperor of Japan Emperor Go-Nijō ascends to the throne of Japan Dante was sent into Exile in Florence. ... Crown of St. ... Matthew Csák III (of Trenčín) (Matúš Čák III (Trenčiansky), Chak, Chaak, Czak; in (modern) Hungarian trencséni Csák Máté) (about 1260 – 1321) was the ruler of the Váh and the Tatras region, and lived in Trenčín castle in Slovakia. ... The Váh near PieÅ¡Å¥any. ... Tatras Tatra or Tatras (in Polish and Slovak Tatry, which is a word in plural) is a mountain range on the border of Poland and Slovakia, the highest part of the Carpathian Mountains. ... Trenčín (Hungarian: Trencsén, German: Trentschin, Latin: Laugaricio) is a town in western Slovakia (close to the Czech border) at the Váh river. ... After his defeat at the Battle of Rozhanovce in 1312, by the newly elected Hungarian king Charles Robert from the Angevine dynasty, Csák's influence started to decline. He died in 1321 in Trenčín. King Charles Robert Battle of Rozhanovce (Hungarian: Rozgonyi csata) was fought between King Charles Robert and the family of Palatine Amadé Aba on June 15, 1312, on the Rozhanovce field in present-day Slovakia. ... Events June 15 : Battle near Rozgoni Battle near Thebes Siege of Rostock begins Births November 13 - King Edward III of England Deaths June 19 - Piers Gaveston, favourite of Edward II of England September 7 - King Ferdinand IV of Castile Categories: 1312 ... Charles I of Hungary Charles I of Hungary (Anjou France 1288 or 1291–Visegrád, Hungary July 16, 1342), also called Charles Robert, Carobert and Charles I Robert, was the king of Hungary from August 27, 1310. ... Anjou is a former county (c. ... Trenčín (Hungarian: Trencsén, German: Trentschin, Latin: Laugaricio) is a town in western Slovakia (close to the Czech border) at the Váh river. ... The Privilegium pro Slavis, dated to 1381, attests notably to nation-building in the wealthy towns: King Louis I gave the Slovaks half of the seats in the municipal council of Žilina, previously dominated by the local Germans. Privilegium pro Slavis is a privilege granted to the Slovak inhabitants of Žilina by the King Louis I of Hungary during his visit of Žilina in 1381. ... Events June 12 - Peasants Revolt: In England rebels arrive at Blackheath. ... This article or section should be merged with nation-building Nation building is the use of armed force in the aftermath of a conflict to underpin an enduring transition to democracy. ... Louis the Great. ... Žilina (German: Sillein, Hungarian: Zsolna, Polish: Å»ylina) is a city in northwestern Slovakia. ... [edit] The Ottoman incursion St. Martin's Concathedral in Bratislava was the coronation church of the Kingdom of Hungary for three centuries The catastrophic defeat of the Hungarian armies from Suleiman I ("the Magnificent") in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, and the conquest of Buda in 1541 by the Turks, brought about the reduction of the Kingdom of Hungary to the territory of what was called Royal Hungary, while the remaining former Hungarian territories became part either of the Ottoman Empire or of Transylvania. Bratislava townscape The Old Town, viewed from the castle Photographer: Vivien Thiessen File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Bratislava townscape The Old Town, viewed from the castle Photographer: Vivien Thiessen File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... St. ... Nickname: Location of Bratislava within Slovakia Coordinates: , Country Slovakia Region Bratislava Region Districts Bratislava I-V City parts 17 city boroughs Cadastral areas 20 cadastral areas First mentioned 907[1] Government  - Type City council  - Mayor (Primátor) Andrej ÄŽurkovský[2]  - Headquarters Primates Palace Area [1]  - City 367. ... The Kingdom of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyar Királyság) is the name of a multiethnic kingdom that existed in Central Europe from 1000 to 1918. ... Suleiman the Magnificent Suleiman I (November 6, 1494 – September 5/6, 1566); in Turkish Süleyman , (nicknamed the Magnificent in Europe and the Lawgiver in the Islamic World, in Turkish Kanuni) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 to 1566 and successor to Selim I. He was... // Combatants Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Hungary Commanders Suleiman I Louis II of Hungary † Pál Tomori † György Zápolya Strength ~ 100,000 supported by 10,000 to 20,000 irregulars 160 to 300 canno