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Encyclopedia > History of Suriname

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Jump to: navigation, search Contents 1 Native American period 2 Early European involvement 3 Abolition of slavery 4 Post-independence Era 5 Into the 1990s 6 External links Native American period The history of Suriname dates from 3000 BCE, when Native Americans first inhabited the area. Present-day Suriname was the home to many distinct indigenous cultures. The largest tribes were the Arawaks, a nomadic coastal tribe that lived from hunting and fishing, and the Caribs. The Arawaks (Kali'na) were the first inhabitants of Suriname; later, the Caribs arrived, and conquered the Arawaks using their sailing ship. They settled in Galibi (Kupali Yumï, meaning "tree of the forefathers") on the mouth of the Marowijne river. While the larger Arawak and Carib tribes lived off the coast and savanna, smaller groups of indigenous peoples lived in the rainforest inland, such as the Akurio, Trió, Wayarekule, Warrau, and Wayana. (31st century BC - 30th century BC - 29th century BC - other centuries) (4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC) Events 2925 - 2776 BC - First Dynasty wars in Egypt 2900 BC _ Beginning of the Early Dynastic Period I in Mesopotamia. ... Brazilian Indian chiefs The scope of this indigenous peoples of the Americas article encompasses the definitions of indigenous peoples and the Americas as established in their respective articles. ... The term Arawak (from aru, the Lokono word for cassava flour), was used to designate the friendly Amerindians encountered by the Spanish in the Caribbean. ... Kazakh nomads in the steppes of the Russian Empire, ca. ... Hunting is, in its most general sense, the pursuit of a target. ... Fishing is the activity of hunting for fish. ... Carib or Island Carib is the name of a people of the Lesser Antilles islands, after whom the Caribbean Sea was named; their name for themselves was Kalinago for men and Kallipuna for women. ... Marowijne is a district of Suriname, located on the eastern border with French Guiana. ... Savanna is a grassland dotted with trees, and occurs in several types of biomes. ... Indigenous peoples are: Peoples living in an area prior to colonization by a state Peoples living in an area within a nation-state, prior to the formation of a nation-state, but who do not identify with the dominant nation. ... Rainforest on Fatu-Hiva, Marquesas Islands A rainforest is a forested biome with high annual rainfall due to the Intertropical convergence zone. ... Early European involvement The first Europeans who came to Suriname were Dutch traders who visited the area along with other parts of the South America's 'Wild Coast.' The first attempts to settle the area by Europeans was in 1630, when English settlers led by Captain Marshall attempted to found a colony. They cultivated crops of tobacco, but the venture failed. South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... Events February 22 - Native American Quadequine introduces Popcorn to English colonists. ... Jump to: navigation, search Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population - Total (mid-2004) - Density Ranked 1st UK... Jump to: navigation, search Species N. glauca N. longiflora N. rustica N. sylvestris N. tabacum Ref: ITIS 30562 as of August 26, 2005 Tobacco (, L.) refers to a genus of broad-leafed plants of the nightshade family indigenous to North and South America or to the dried and cured leaves. ... In 1651 a second attempt to establish an English colony was made by Lord Willoughby, the governor of Barbados. The expedition was led by Anthony Rowse, who established a colony and called it 'Willoughbyland.' It consisted of around 500 sugar plantations and a fort (Fort Willoughby). Most of the work was done by the 2000 African slaves in the colony. There were around 1000 whites there, soon joined by other Europeans and Brazilian Jews. The settlement was invaded by the Dutch (from the Zeeland region), led by Abraham Crijnsen, on 27th February 1667. Fort Willoughby was captured and renamed Fort Zeelandia. On 31 July 1667, the English and Dutch signed the Treaty of Breda, in which the Dutch were allowed to keep Suriname in return for trading their colony New Amsterdam (modernday New York). Willoughbyland was renamed Netherlands Guiana. // Events January 1 - Charles II crowned King of Scotland in Scone. ... A sugar is a carbohydrate which contains the functional group (CH2O)n). ... Location of Zeeland in the Netherlands Zeeland is a province of the Netherlands. ... // Events January 20 - Poland cedes Kyiv, Smolensk, and eastern Ukraine to Russia in the Treaty of Andrusovo that put a final end to the Deluge, and Poland lost its status as a Central European power. ... Fort Zeelandia is a fortress in Surinam that was built by British colonists (originally called Fort Willoughby) in early 1600s around a small trading post. ... // Events January 20 - Poland cedes Kyiv, Smolensk, and eastern Ukraine to Russia in the Treaty of Andrusovo that put a final end to the Deluge, and Poland lost its status as a Central European power. ... The Treaty of Breda was signed at the Dutch city of Breda, July 31, 1667, by England, the Dutch Republic, France, and Denmark. ... Dutch Revival buildings from the early 20th century on Pearl Street in lower Manhattan recall the Dutch origins of the city. ... State nickname: Empire State Other U.S. States Capital Albany Largest city New York City Governor George Pataki (R) Senators Charles Schumer (D) Hillary Rodham Clinton (D) Official languages None (English is de facto) Area 141,205 km² (27th)  - Land 122,409 km²  - Water 18,795 km² (13. ... The Republic of Suriname, more commonly known as Suriname or Surinam, (formerly known as Netherlands Guiana and Dutch Guiana) is a country in northern South America, in between French Guiana to the east and Guyana to the west. ... Abolition of slavery Maroon village, Suriname River, 1955 In the first half of the 18th century, agriculture flourished in Suriname. Most of the work on the plantations was done by African slaves. The treatment of these slaves was bad, and many slaves escaped to the jungle. These Maroons (also known as "Djukas" or "Bush Negroes") sometimes returned to attack the plantations. They formed a sort of buffer zone between the Europeans who settled along the coast and main rivers, and the unconquered Native American tribes of the inland regions. I inherited this photo from my father, Ted Hill, who took it in 1955. ... I inherited this photo from my father, Ted Hill, who took it in 1955. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... // Etymology World map showing Africa (geographically) The name Africa came into Western use through the Romans, who used the name Africa terra — land of the Afri (plural, or Afer singular) — for the northern part of the continent, as the province of Africa with its capital Carthage, corresponding to modern-day... Suriname was occupied by the British in 1799 after the Netherlands were incorporated by France, and was returned to the Dutch in 1816, after the defeat of Napoleon. The Dutch abolished slavery only in 1863—the last European nation to do so—although the British had already abolished it during their short rule. The slaves were, however, not released until 1873; up to that date they conducted obligatory but paid work at the plantations. In the meantime, many more workers had been imported from the Netherlands East Indies, mostly Chinese inhabitants of that colony. After 1873, many Hindu laborers where imported from India. This emigration was ended by Mohandas Gandhi in 1916. After that date, many laborers were again imported from the Netherlands East Indies, especially Java. 1799 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1816 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). ... 1863 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1873 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Dutch East Indies, or Netherlands East Indies, (Dutch: Nederlands Indië) was the name of the colonies colonised by the Dutch East India Company which came under administration of the Netherlands during the ninteenth century (see Indonesia). ... Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (October 2, 1869 – January 30, 1948) (Devanagari: मोहनदास करमचन्द गांधी), called Mahatma Gandhi, was the charismatic leader who brought the cause of Indias independence from British colonial rule to world attention. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1916 is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January-February January 1 -The first successful blood transfusion using blood that had been stored and cooled. ... The Dutch East Indies, or Netherlands East Indies, (Dutch: Nederlands Indië) was the name of the colonies colonised by the Dutch East India Company which came under administration of the Netherlands during the ninteenth century (see Indonesia). ... Map of Java Java (Indonesian, Javanese, and Sundanese: Jawa) is an island of Indonesia, and the site of its capital city, Jakarta. ... In the 20th century, the natural resources of Suriname, rubber, gold and bauxite were exploited. The US company Alcoa had a claim on a large area in Suriname where bauxite, from which aluminium can be made, was found. (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... Rubber is an elastic hydrocarbon polymer which occurs as a milky emulsion (known as latex) in the sap of a number of plants but can also be produced synthetically. ... Jump to: navigation, search General Name, Symbol, Number gold, Au, 79 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 6, d Appearance metallic yellow Atomic mass 196. ... Bauxite Bauxite is a naturally occurring, heterogeneous material composed primarily of one or more aluminium hydroxide minerals, plus various mixtures of silica, iron oxide, titania, aluminosilicate, and other impurities in minor or trace amounts. ... Alcoa NYSE: AA is the world’s leading producer of primary and fabricated aluminum, and alumina with operations in 43 countries. ... Post-independence Era In 1954 Suriname gained self-government, with the Netherlands reatining control of defence and foreign affairs. 1954 was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... In 1973, the local government, led by the NPK (a largely Creole party)) started negotiations with the Dutch government about independence, which was granted at November 25, 1975. The Dutch instituted an aid programme worth US$1.5 billion to last till 1985. The first President of the country was Johan Ferrier, with Henck Arron (leader of the Surinam National Party) as Prime Minister. Roughly a third of the population emigrated to the Netherlands, fearing that the new country would not be able to survive. Jump to: navigation, search 1973 was a common year starting on Monday. ... Jump to: navigation, search National Presto Industries is a company from Wisconsin publicy traded on the NYSE and in the appliances industry. ... Jump to: navigation, search November 25 is the 329th (in leap years the 330th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1975 was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1975 calendar). ... Henck Alphonsus Eugène Arron (b. ... Desi Bouterse In 1980 the government of Henck Arron was overthrown in a military coup led by Sergeant-Major Desi Bouterse. President Ferrier refused to recognise the new government, appointing Henk Chin A Sen (of the Nationalist Republican Party). Another coup followed five months later, with the army replacing Ferrier with Chin A Sen. These developments were largely welcomed by a population that expected the new army-installed government to put an end to corruption and improve the standard of living. This was despite the fact that the new regime banned opposition parties and became increasingly dictatorial. The Dutch initially accepted the new government, however relations between Suriname and the Netherlands collapsed when 15 members of the political opposition were killed by the army on December 8, 1982 in Fort Zeelandia. This event is also known as the December killings (Decembermoorden in Dutch). The Dutch and American cut off their aid in protest at the move, leading to Bouterse looking towards countries such as Grenada, Nicaragua, Cuba and Libya for help. Image File history File links Photo of Desi Bouterse, former President of Suriname File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Photo of Desi Bouterse, former President of Suriname File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1980 is a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... A coup détat, or simply a coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government, usually done by a small group that just replaces the top power figures. ... Désiré Delano Bouterse of Suriname (born 1945) has been a military sports instructor, coup leader, army leader and a politician in the Nationaal Democratische Partij (NDP). ... December 8 is the 342nd day (343rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1982 is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Fort Zeelandia is a fortress in Surinam that was built by British colonists (originally called Fort Willoughby) in early 1600s around a small trading post. ... In 1985, the ban on opposition parties was lifted, and work began on devising a new constitution. The following year saw the start of an anti-governement rebellion of the Maroons in the interior, calling themselves the Jungle Commando and led by Ronnie Brunswijk. The Bouterse government violently tried to suppress the insurgncy by burning villages and other similar means. Many Maroons fled to French Guiana. 1985 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Ronnie Brunswijk was the rebel leader of the Junglecommando (JC) in Suriname. ... Into the 1990s Elections were held in November 1987, with the 3-party anti-Bouterse coalition Front For Democracy and Development winning 40 out 51 seats, and Dutch aid was resumed the following year. Friction, however, soon developed between Bouterse and Assembly President Ramsewak Shankar. Subsequetly Shankar was ousted in a coup (known as the 'Telephone Coup') led by Bouterse on 24th December 1990. A military backed government was then installed, with Johann Kraag (NPS) as President. Jump to: navigation, search 1987 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Elections were held again on 25th May 1991. Ronald Venetiaan's New Front coalition (the old three parties combined with the Surinamese Labour Party) won 30 seats, Bouterse's National Democratic Party won 12 and the Democratic Alternative (a multi-ethnic party favouring closer links with the Netherlands) won 9 seats. 30 seats not being enough to appoint a president, an Assembly vote was organised, which was won by Venetiaan. In August 1992 a peace treaty was signed with the Jungle Commando, bringing an end to the Maroon rebellion. Jump to: navigation, search 1991 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Ronald Runaldo Venetiaan (born June 18, 1936) is the president of Suriname. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1992 was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... Meanwhile the economy was facing serious difficulties owing to a fall in world prices for aluminium and large scale deficits. A Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) was drawn up in 1992, followed by the Multi-Year Development Programme in 1994. Despite the introduction of floating rates and a limit of imports the situation failed to considerably improve. This, and a number of corruption scandals, led to a significant slump in the popularity of Venetiaan's New Front. General Name, Symbol, Number aluminium, Al, 13 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 13, 3, p Appearance silvery Atomic mass 26. ... A budget deficit occurs when an entity (often a government) spends more money than it takes in. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1992 was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1994 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International year of the Family. ... Venetiaan's New Front won the elections held on 23rd May 1996 by a slight majority. As in 1991, this was not enough for Venetiaan to be made president. Many New Front members defected to the NDP and other parties. The subsequent secret ballot secured the presidency for Jules Wijdenbosch, a former vice-president in the Bouterse era, who set about forming a coaltion of the NDP and five other parties. Bouterse was accommodated in 1997 when the post of Councillor of State was created for him. Wijdenbosch dismissed him in April 1999 however. Meanwhile the Dutch in July convicted Bouterse in absentia for drug trafficking spanning a number of years. His son, Dino Bouterse, was later convicted on similar charges in 2005. Jump to: navigation, search 1996 is a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... Jules Albert Wijdenbosch (born 1941) is a politician in Suriname. ... 1997 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1999 is a common year starting on Friday Anno Domini (or the Current Era), and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... Widespread strikes occurred in 1999 over the government's handling of the economy, with strikers calling for early elections. As a result Wijdenbosch's coalition collapsed and he lost lost a vote of confidence in June 1999. The elections, scheduled for 2001, were brought forward to 25th May 2000. The results saw Wijdenbosch gain 9% of the vote, whilst Venetiaan won with 47%. Meanwhile, in 2000, relations between Suriname and Guyana soured over disputes about the country's maritime boundary. It is thought the area could be rich in oil. A Motion of Confidence is a motion of support proposed by a government in a parliament to give members of parliament a chance to register their confidence for a government by means of a parliamentary vote. ... Jump to: navigation, search 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the year 2000. ... Oil is a generic term for organic liquids that are not miscible with water. ... In August 2001, the Dutch provided a triple A state guarantee to enable the Surinamese government to receive a 10-year loan from the Dutch Development Bank (NTO) to the amount of Euro 137.7 million (U.S.$125 million). The loan has an interest rate of 5.18% per year and was used to consolidate floating government debts. U.S.$32 million of the loan was used to pay off foreign loans, which had been taken under unfavorable conditions by the Wijdenbosch government. The remaining 93 million of the loan was used to pay off debts at the Central Bank of Suriname. This enabled the Central Bank to strengthen its foreign currency position according to the IMF standards to the equivalency of 3 months of imports. To further help the economy the Surinamese guilder was replaced with the Surinamese dollar in 2004. 2004(MMIV) is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... In the May 2005 elections Venetiaan won another term in office. External links Indigenous people of Suriname The Amerindians of Suriname U.S. State Department Background Note: Suriname Former Dutch colonies Aruba (current) | Berbice | Brazil (part) | Cape Colony | Ceylon | Demerara | Deshima | Dutch East Indies | Dutch Guiana | Essequibo | Dutch West Indies or Netherlands Antilles (current) | Netherlands New Guinea | New Netherland (New Amsterdam, New Sweden) | New Zealand (part) | Smeerenburg | Taiwan | Tobago | Travancore | Virgin Islands (part) See also: Dutch colonisation of the Americas | Dutch East India Company | Dutch West India Company | New Holland Categories: South American history | Suriname It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Dutch Empire. ... The Kingdom of the Netherlands (Dutch: Koninkrijk der Nederlanden) currently consists of the three constituent parts: the mainland European Netherlands (Dutch: Nederland), Netherlands Antilles (Dutch: Nederlandse Antillen) and Aruba. ... Berbice is the Second largest of the three counties in Guyana and is known as the ancient county. ... Map of European presence in 1652 The Cape Colony was a part of South Africa under British occupation during the 19th century. ... Demerara was one of the original British colonies that was joined into the colony of British Guiana, now Guyana. ... View of Dejima in Nagasaki Bay Scale model of Dutch trading post on display in Dejima (2003) Edo-era boundaries of Dejima island (outlined in red) within the modern city of Nagasaki. ... The Dutch East Indies, or Netherlands East Indies, (Dutch: Nederlands Indië) was the name of the colonies set up by the Dutch East India Company, which came under administration of the Netherlands during the 19th century (see Indonesia). ... The Essequibo River is the longest river in Guyana, and the largest river between the Orinoco and Amazon. ... The Kingdom of the Netherlands (Dutch: Koninkrijk der Nederlanden) currently consists of the three constituent parts: the mainland European Netherlands (Dutch: Nederland), Netherlands Antilles (Dutch: Nederlandse Antillen) and Aruba. ... Dutch New Guinea was a common name of western New Guinea while it was a colonial possession of the Netherlands. ... New Netherland (Dutch: Nieuw-Nederland, Latin: Nova Belgica or Novum Belgium) was the territory claimed by the United Provinces (the Netherlands) on the eastern coast of North America in the 17th century. ... Dutch Revival buildings from the early 20th century on Pearl Street in lower Manhattan recall the Dutch origins of the city. ... New Sweden, or Nya Sverige, was a Swedish(-Finnish) colony in North America corresponding roughly to the networked region of urban sprawl around Philadelphia, containing such settlements as Finland, Lapland etc. ... The settlement of Smeerenburg on Amsterdam Island in north-west Svalbard, originated with Dutch whalers before 1620: one of Europes northernmost outposts. ... Tobago is an island in the southern Caribbean Sea, part of the nation of Trinidad and Tobago. ... Travancore (originally called Thiruvithaamcoore or Thiruvitankur in Malayalam) was a princely state in India whose capital was Thiruvananthapuram. ... During the 17th century, Dutch traders established trade posts and plantations throughout the Americas; actual colonization, with Dutch settling in the new lands was not as common as with settlements of other European nations. ... Dutch colonial possessions, with the Dutch East India Company possessions marked in a paler green, surrounding the Indian Ocean plus Saint Helena in the mid-Atlantic. ... Jump to: navigation, search Dutch West India Company (Dutch: West-Indische Compagnie or WIC) was a company of Dutch merchants. ... New Holland could refer to several things: Several former Dutch colonies were known as New Holland: northeast coast Brazil, capital Mauritsstad (now Recife), see Dutch West India Company. ...

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	History of Suriname - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (1503 words) The first Europeans who came to Suriname were Dutch traders who visited the area along with other parts of the South America's 'Wild Coast.' The first attempts to settle the area by Europeans was in 1630, when English settlers led by Captain Marshall attempted to found a colony. Suriname was occupied by the British in 1799 after the Netherlands were incorporated by France, and was returned to the Dutch in 1816, after the defeat of Napoleon. The Dutch initially accepted the new government, however relations between Suriname and the Netherlands collapsed when 15 members of the political opposition were killed by the army on December 8, 1982 in Fort Zeelandia.
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