The Tennessee State Capitol in Nashville has been the sight of much of the State's history.

Tennessee is an American State and a constitutent part of the United States of America. It was admitted to the Union on June 1, 1796. Image File history File links Tennessee_state_capitol. ... Image File history File links Tennessee_state_capitol. ... The Tennessee State Capitol, located in Nashville, Tennessee, is the home of the Tennessee legislature. ... Nickname: Music City Official website: http://www. ... Official language(s) English Capital Nashville Largest city Memphis Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 36th 109,247 km² 195 km 710 km 2. ... June 1 is the 152nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (153rd in leap years), with 213 days remaining. ... 1796 was a leap year starting on Friday. ...

Ancient history

The area now known as Tennessee was first settled by Paleo-Indians nearly 11,000 years ago. The names of the cultural groups that inhabited the area between first settlement and the time of European contact are unknown, but several distinct cultural phases have been named by archaeologists, including Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian whose chiefdoms were the cultural predecessors of the Muscogee people who inhabited the Tennessee River Valley prior to Cherokee migration into the river's headwaters. Paleo-Indians is an English term used to refer to the ancient peoples of America who were present at the end of the last Ice Age. ... Adjective archaic (more archaic, most archaic) From an earlier period and no longer in common use; of or characterized by antiquity or archaism, antiquated. ... Limber Pine woodland, Toiyabe Range, central Nevada Biologically, a woodland is differentiated from a forest. ... The Mississippian culture was a mound-building Native American culture that flourished in the Midwestern, Eastern, and Southeastern United States from approximately 900 to 1500 CE, varying regionally. ... The Creek are an American Indian people originally from the southeastern United States, also known by their original name Muscogee (or Muskogee), the name they use to identify themselves today. ... A riverboat passing under the Henley Street Bridge on the Tennessee River The river viewed from the top of Neyland Stadium. ...

European exploration and settlement

Discovery and interaction with native peoples

Spanish conquistador Hernado de Soto was the first European explorer to visit Tennessee.

When Spanish explorers first visited the area, led by Hernando de Soto in 1539–43, it was inhabited by tribes of Muscogee and Yuchi people. 1881 Young Peoples Cyclopedia of Persons and Places This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... 1881 Young Peoples Cyclopedia of Persons and Places This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Conquistador (meaning Conqueror in the Spanish language) is the term used to refer to the soldiers, explorers, and adventurers who achieved the Conquista (this Spanish term is generally accepted by historians), i. ... Hernando de Soto Hernando de Soto (c. ... The Creek are an American Indian people originally from the southeastern United States, also known by their original name Muscogee (or Muskogee), the name they use to identify themselves today. ... Original territory of the Yuchi Tribe The Yuchi, also spelled Euchee and Uchee, are a Native American Indian tribe previously living in the eastern Tennessee River valley in Tennessee, northern Georgia and northern Alabama who now primarily live in the norteastern Oklahoma area. ...

Possibly because of European diseases devastating the Native tribes, which would have left a population vacuum, and also from expanding European settlement in the north, the Cherokee moved south from the area now called Virginia. As European colonists spread into the area, the native populations were forcibly displaced to the south and west, including all Muscogee and Yuchi peoples, including the Chickasaw and Choctaw. For other uses, see Cherokee (disambiguation). ... Original territory of the Yuchi Tribe The Yuchi, also spelled Euchee and Uchee, are a Native American Indian tribe previously living in the eastern Tennessee River valley in Tennessee, northern Georgia and northern Alabama who now primarily live in the norteastern Oklahoma area. ... The Chickasaws are a Native American people of the United States, originally from present-day Mississippi, now mostly living in Oklahoma. ... The Choctaws are a Native American people originally from the southeast United States (Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana)of Muskoghean linguistic stock. ...

From 1838 to 1839, nearly 17,000 Cherokees were forced to march from Eastern Tennessee to Indian Territory west of Arkansas. This came to be known as the Trail of Tears, as an estimated 4,000 Cherokees died along the way.¹ | Jöns Jakob Berzelius, discoverer of protein 1838 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1839 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Indian Territory in 1836 Indian Territory in 1891 Indian Territory, also known as Indian Country, Indian territory or the Indian territories, was the land set aside within the United States for the use of American Indians (Native Americans). The general borders were set by the Indian Intercourse Act of 1834. ... Official language(s) English Capital Little Rock Largest city Little Rock Area  Ranked 29th  - Total 53,179 sq. ... Trail of Tears refers to the forced relocation of the Choctaws in 1831 and then the Cherokees in 1838 to the Western United States. ...

Government under North Carolina

In the days before statehood, Tennesseans struggled to gain a political voice and suffered for lack of the protection afforded by organized government. Six counties -- Washington, Sullivan and Greene in East Tennessee and Davidson, Sumner, and Tennessee in Middle Tennessee -— had been formed as western counties of North Carolina between 1777 and 1788. Washington County is a county located in the state of Tennessee. ... Sullivan County is a county located in the state of Tennessee. ... Greene County is the name of a number of counties in the United States of America, generally named for the American Revolutionary War general Nathanael Greene: Greene County, Alabama Greene County, Arkansas Greene County, Georgia Greene County, Illinois Greene County, Indiana Greene County, Iowa Greene County, Mississippi Greene County, Missouri... East Tennessee is a name given to approximately the eastern third of the state of Tennessee. ... Davidson County is a county located in the state of Tennessee. ... Sumner County is a county located in the state of Tennessee. ... Middle Tennessee is a distinct portion of the state of Tennessee, delineated according to law as well as custom. ... Official language(s) English Capital Raleigh Largest city Charlotte Area  Ranked 28th  - Total 53,865 sq. ... 1777 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1788 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

After the American Revolution, however, North Carolina did not want the trouble and expense of maintaining such distant settlements, embroiled as they were with hostile tribesmen and needing roads, forts and open waterways. Nor could the far-flung settlers look to the national government, for under the weak, loosely constituted Articles of Confederation, it was a government in name only. The American Revolution was an upheaval that ended British control of middle North America, resulting ultimately in the formation of the United States of America. ... The Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, commonly known as the Articles of Confederation, was the first governing document of the United States of America. ...

The lost state of Franklin

The westerners' two main demands -- protection from the Indians and the right to navigate the Mississippi River -- went largely unheeded during the 1780s. North Carolina’s insensitivity led frustrated East Tennesseans in 1784 to form the breakaway State of Franklin. The State of Franklin The State of Franklin was an autonomous, secessionist territory created in western North Carolina in the United States not long after the end of the American Revolution. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1340x1029, 210 KB) Summary I drew this map myself. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1340x1029, 210 KB) Summary I drew this map myself. ... The Mississippi River, derived from the old Ojibwe word misi-ziibi meaning great river (gichi-ziibi big river at its headwaters), is the second-longest river in the United States; the longest is the Missouri River, which flows into the Mississippi. ... 1780 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... East Tennessee is a name given to approximately the eastern third of the state of Tennessee. ... 1784 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The State of Franklin The State of Franklin was an autonomous, secessionist territory created in western North Carolina in the United States not long after the end of the American Revolution. ...

The ever-popular John Sevier was named governor, and the fledgling state began operating as an independent, though unrecognized, government. At the same time, leaders of the Cumberland settlements made overtures for an alliance with Spain, which controlled the lower Mississippi River and was held responsible for inciting the Indian raids. In drawing up the Watauga and Cumberland Compacts, early Tennesseans had already exercised some of the rights of self-government and were prepared to take political matters into their own hands. John Sevier (pronounced severe) (23 September 1745 – 25 September 1815) served four years (1785–1789) as the only governor of the State of Franklin and twelve years (1796–1801 and 1803–1809) as governor of Tennessee, and as a U.S. Representative from Tennessee from 1811 until his death. ... Length 1,106 km Elevation of the source 480 m Average discharge 3,217 m³/s Area watershed 46,830 km² Origin Oven Fork, Kentucky Mouth Ohio River Basin countries United States The Cumberland River is an important waterway in the southern United States. ...

Such stirrings of independence caught the attention of North Carolina, which quietly began to reassert control over its western counties. These policies and internal divisions among East Tennesseans doomed the short-lived State of Franklin, which passed out of existence in 1788. The State of Franklin The State of Franklin was an autonomous, secessionist territory created in western North Carolina in the United States not long after the end of the American Revolution. ... 1788 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

Southwest Territory

When North Carolina finally ratified the new Constitution of the United States in 1789, it also ceded its western lands, the Tennessee country, to the Federal government. North Carolina had used these lands as a means of rewarding its Revolutionary soldiers, and in the Cession Act of 1789 it reserved the right to satisfy further land claims in Tennessee. Page I of the Constitution of the United States of America Page II of the United States Constitution Page III of the United States Constitution Page IV of the United States Constitution The Syng inkstand, with which the Constitution was signed The Constitution of the United States is the supreme... 1789 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1789 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

Congress now designated the area as the Territory of the United States, South of the River Ohio, more commonly known as the Southwest Territory. The Territory was divided into three districts -— two for East Tennessee and the Mero District on the Cumberland —- each with its own courts, militia and officeholders. Congress in Joint Session. ... East Tennessee is a name given to approximately the eastern third of the state of Tennessee. ... Length 1,106 km Elevation of the source 480 m Average discharge 3,217 m³/s Area watershed 46,830 km² Origin Oven Fork, Kentucky Mouth Ohio River Basin countries United States The Cumberland River is an important waterway in the southern United States. ...

President George Washington appointed as territorial governor William Blount, a prominent North Carolina politician with extensive holdings in western lands. The majority of this article is about heads of states. ... This article is the current U.S. Collaboration of the Week. ... For the English scholar see William Blount, 4th Baron Mountjoy. ...

Admission to the Union

In 1795, a territorial census revealed a sufficient population for statehood, and a referendum showed a three-to-one majority in favor of joining the Union. Governor Blount called for a constitutional convention to meet in Knoxville, where delegates from all the counties drew up a model state constitution and democratic bill of rights. 1795 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... For the English scholar see William Blount, 4th Baron Mountjoy. ... ... Nickname: The Marble City, K-Town, Big Orange Country, Knox Vegas Official website: www. ... A bill of rights is a statement of certain rights which, under a societys laws, citizens and/or residents either have, want to have, or ought to have. ...

The voters chose Sevier as governor, and the newly elected legislature voted for Blount and William Cocke as senators, and Andrew Jackson as representative. John Sevier (pronounced severe) (23 September 1745 – 25 September 1815) served four years (1785–1789) as the only governor of the State of Franklin and twelve years (1796–1801 and 1803–1809) as governor of Tennessee, and as a U.S. Representative from Tennessee from 1811 until his death. ... For the English scholar see William Blount, 4th Baron Mountjoy. ... William Cocke (1748 – 1828) was, along with William Blount, the first United States Senator from Tennessee. ... The United States Senate is the upper house of the U.S. Congress, smaller than the United States House of Representatives. ... Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767– June 8, 1845) was the seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), first governor of Florida (1821), general of the Battle of New Orleans (1815), a co-founder of the Democratic Party, and the eponym of the era of Jacksonian democracy. ... The chamber of the United States House of Representatives is located in the south wing of the Capitol building, in Washington, D.C.. This photograph shows a rare glimpse of the four vote tallying boards (the blackish squares across the top), which display each members name and vote as...

Tennessee leaders thereby converted the territory into a new state, with organized government and constitution, before applying to Congress for admission. Since the Southwest Territory was the first Federal territory to present itself for admission to the Union, there was some uncertainty about how to proceed, and Congress divided on the issue along party lines.

Nonetheless, in a close vote on June 1, 1796, Congress approved the admission of Tennessee as the sixteenth state of the Union. Its borders were drawn by extending the northern and southern borders of North Carolina, with only one small deviation, to the Mississippi River, Tennessee's western boundary. June 1 is the 152nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (153rd in leap years), with 213 days remaining. ... 1796 was a leap year starting on Friday. ... The Mississippi River, derived from the old Ojibwe word misi-ziibi meaning great river (gichi-ziibi big river at its headwaters), is the second-longest river in the United States; the longest is the Missouri River, which flows into the Mississippi. ...

Tennessee in the American Civil War

The American Civil War, to a large extent, was fought in cities and farms of Tennessee -- only Virginia saw more battles. Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederate) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties Killed in action: 110,000 Total dead: 360,000 Wounded: 275,200 Killed in action: 93,000 Total dead: 258... Official language(s) English Capital Richmond Largest city Virginia Beach Area  Ranked 35th  - Total 42,793 sq. ...

Secession

John Bell

Most Tennesseans initially showed little enthusiasm for breaking away from a nation whose Image File history File links JohnBell. ... Image File history File links JohnBell. ...

struggles it had shared for so long. In 1860, they had voted by a slim margin for the Constitutional Unionist John Bell, a native son and moderate who continued to search for a way out of the crisis. 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... The Constitutional Union Party was a political party in the United States created in 1860. ... John Bell is a common name. ...

In February 1861, fifty-four percent of the State’s voters voted against sending delegates to a secession convention. With the firing on Fort Sumter in April, however, followed by Lincoln’s call for 75,000 volunteers to coerce the seceded states back into line, public sentiment turned dramatically against the Union. 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Fort Sumter, located in Charleston, South Carolina, harbor, was named after General Thomas Sumter. ...

Governor Isham Harris began military mobilization, submitted an ordinance of secession to the General Assembly, and made direct overtures to the Confederate government. Ordinance can mean: A law made by a non-sovereign body such as a city council or a colony. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... The term general assembly can refer to The largest unit of organisation in the polity of a (national) Presbyterian church, containing several synods or presbyteries. ... Motto: Deo Vindice (Latin: With God As Our Vindicator) Anthem: God Save the South (unofficial) Dixie (popular) The Bonnie Blue Flag (popular) Capital Montgomery, Alabama February 4, 1861–May 29, 1861 Richmond, Virginia May 29, 1861–April 9, 1865 Danville, Virginia April 3–April 10, 1865 Largest city New Orleans...

In a June 8, 1861 referendum, East Tennessee held firm against separation, while West Tennessee returned an equally heavy majority in favor. The deciding vote came in Middle Tennessee, which went from 51 percent against secession in February to 88 percent in favor in June. June 8 is the 159th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (160th in leap years), with 206 days remaining. ... 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ... East Tennessee is a name given to approximately the eastern third of the state of Tennessee. ... West Tennessee is one of the three traditional regions in the U.S. state of Tennessee. ... Middle Tennessee is a distinct portion of the state of Tennessee, delineated according to law as well as custom. ...

Having ratified by popular vote its connection with the fledgling Confederacy, Tennessee became the last state to withdraw from the Union. Motto: Deo Vindice (Latin: With God As Our Vindicator) Anthem: God Save the South (unofficial) Dixie (popular) The Bonnie Blue Flag (popular) Capital Montgomery, Alabama February 4, 1861–May 29, 1861 Richmond, Virginia May 29, 1861–April 9, 1865 Danville, Virginia April 3–April 10, 1865 Largest city New Orleans...

Military campaigns in Tennessee

The Third Battle of Chattanooga was fought November 23-25, 1863.

Many battles were fought in the state—most of them Union victories. Ulysses S. Grant and the U.S. Navy captured control of the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers in February 1862, and held off the Confederate counterattack at Shiloh in April of the same year. Download high resolution version (1764x1221, 1655 KB)TITLE: Battle of Chattanooga--Gen. ... Download high resolution version (1764x1221, 1655 KB)TITLE: Battle of Chattanooga--Gen. ... Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant, April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) was the 18th President of the United States (1869–1877). ... The United States Navy (USN) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for conducting naval operations. ... Length 1,106 km Elevation of the source 480 m Average discharge 3,217 m³/s Area watershed 46,830 km² Origin Oven Fork, Kentucky Mouth Ohio River Basin countries United States The Cumberland River is an important waterway in the southern United States. ... A riverboat passing under the Henley Street Bridge on the Tennessee River The river viewed from the top of Neyland Stadium. ... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Motto: Deo Vindice (Latin: With God As Our Vindicator) Anthem: God Save the South (unofficial) Dixie (popular) The Bonnie Blue Flag (popular) Capital Montgomery, Alabama February 4, 1861–May 29, 1861 Richmond, Virginia May 29, 1861–April 9, 1865 Danville, Virginia April 3–April 10, 1865 Largest city New Orleans... Combatants United States of America Confederate States of America Commanders Ulysses S. Grant Don Carlos Buell Albert Sidney Johnston† P.G.T. Beauregard Strength Army of West Tennessee (48,894) and Army of the Ohio (17,918) Army of Mississippi (44,699) Casualties 13,047 (1,754 killed, 8,408...

Capture of Memphis and Nashville gave the U.S. control of the Western and Middle sections, and was confirmed at the battle of Murfreesboro in early January 1863. Nickname The River City, The Bluff City Location Location in Shelby County and the state of Tennessee Government Country State Counties United States Tennessee Shelby County Mayor W. W. Herenton (D) Geographical characteristics Area  - Total  - Land  - Water 294. ... Nickname: Music City Official website: http://www. ... The United States of America — also referred to as the United States, the U.S.A., the U.S., America, the States, or (archaically) Columbia—is a federal republic of 50 states located primarily in central North America (with the exception of two states: Alaska and Hawaii). ... West Tennessee is one of the three traditional regions in the U.S. state of Tennessee. ... Middle Tennessee is a distinct portion of the state of Tennessee, delineated according to law as well as custom. ... The Grand Divisions are geographic, cultural, and legally recognized regions each compromising a third of the State of Tennessee. ... Murfreesboro is a city located in Rutherford County, Tennessee. ... 1863 (MDCCCLXIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar). ...

The Confederates continued to hold East Tennessee despite the strength of Unionist sentiment there, with the exception of extremely pro-Confederate Sullivan County. East Tennessee is a name given to approximately the eastern third of the state of Tennessee. ... Sullivan County is a county located in the state of Tennessee. ...

The Confederates besieged Chattanooga in early fall 1863, but were driven off by Grant in November. Many of the Confederate defeats can be attributed to the poor strategic vision of General Braxton Bragg, who led the Army of Tennessee from Shiloh to Confederate defeat at Chattanooga. Nickname: Scenic City (official), River City, Chatty, Chatt-Town, Chattavegas Official website: http://www. ... Autumn colours at Westonbirt Arboretum, Gloucestershire, England. ... 1863 (MDCCCLXIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar). ... Braxton Bragg Braxton Bragg (March 22, 1817 – September 27, 1876) was a career U.S. Army officer and a general in the Confederate States Army, a principal commander in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. ... Some Confederate soldiers The Confederate States Army (CSA) was formed in February 1861 to defend the Confederate States of America, which had itself been formed that same year when seven southern states seceded from the United States (with four more to follow). ... Shiloh is the name of six places in the State of Tennessee in the United States of America: Shiloh, Bedford County, Tennessee Shiloh, Carroll County, Tennessee Shiloh, Hardin County, Tennessee Shiloh, Hawkins County, Tennessee Shiloh, Montgomery County, Tennessee Shiloh, Rutherford County, Tennessee This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid...

The last major battles came when the Confederates invaded in November 1864 and were checked at Franklin, then totally destroyed by George Thomas at Nashville, in December. 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Franklin is a city located in Williamson County, Tennessee, USA. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 41,842. ... See: George Thomas, 1st Viscount Tonypandy for the British polititian. ... Nickname: Music City Official website: http://www. ...

War-time government and readmission to the Union

After Nashville was captured, the first Confederate State capital to fall, Andrew Johnson, an East Tennessean from Greeneville, was appointed military governor of the State by Abraham Lincoln. During this time, the military government abolished slavery. For other people named Andrew Johnson, see Andrew Johnson (disambiguation). ... Greeneville is a town located in Greene County, Tennessee. ... Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865), sometimes called Abe Lincoln and nicknamed Honest Abe, the Rail Splitter, and the Great Emancipator, was the 16th President of the United States (1861 to 1865), and the first president from the Republican Party. ... It has been suggested that Chattel slavery be merged into this article or section. ...

Reconstruction

After the war, Tennessee adopted a new constitution that abolished slavery (February 22, 1865), ratified the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution on July 18, 1866, and was the first state readmitted to the Union (July 24 of the same year). The Tennessee State Constitution defines the form, structure, activities, character, and fundamental rules (and means for changing them) of the U.S. State of Tennessee. ... It has been suggested that Chattel slavery be merged into this article or section. ... February 22 is the 53rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1865 (MDCCCLXV) is a common year starting on Sunday. ... The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is one of the post-Civil War amendments and includes the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses. ... 1866 (MDCCCLXVI) is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ...

Because it ratified the Fourteenth Amendment, Tennessee was the only state that seceded from the Union that did not have a military governor during Reconstruction. Reconstruction-era military districts in the South For other uses, see Reconstruction (disambiguation). ...

The Nashville Republican Banner on January 4, 1868, published an editorial calling for a counter-revolutionary movement to unseat Republican Party rule and restore the racial subjugation of the region's blacks. The front page from a 1974 issue of The Nashville Banner. ... January 4 is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1868 (MDCCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... This article is about the modern United States Republican Party. ...

"In this State," the paper argued, "reconstruction has perfected itself and done its worst. It has organized a government which is as complete a closed corporation as may be found; it has placed the black man over the white as the agent and prime-move of domination; it has constructed a system of machinery by which all free guarantees, privileges and opportunities are removed from the people.... The impossibility of casting a free vote in Tennessee short of a revolutionary movement ... is an undoubted fact."

The Banner urged readers to ignore the presidential election and instead put energies into building "a local movement here at home" that would end Republican rule. [cited in Harcourt 2005]

One hundred years of statehood

A full-scale replica of Athens' Parethenon was built for the Centennial Exposition.

In 1897, the state celebrated its centennial of statehood (albeit one year late) with a great exposition in Nashville. Download high resolution version (1064x720, 193 KB)Photograph of the Parthenon in Nashville. ... Download high resolution version (1064x720, 193 KB)Photograph of the Parthenon in Nashville. ... Centennial Park (Nashville) is a large urban park located approximately two miles (three km) west of downtown Nashville, Tennessee, across West End Avenue (U.S. Highway 70S) from the campus of Vanderbilt University and adjacent to the headquarters campus of the Hospital Corporation of America. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... A centennial is a 100-year anniversary of an event, or the celebrations pertaining thereto. ... The Tennessee Centennial and International Exposition was a Worlds Fair staged between May 1 and October 31 of 1897 in Nashville. ... Nickname: Music City Official website: http://www. ...

The Tennessee Centennial Exposition was the ultimate expression of the Gilded Age in the Upper South -— a showcase of industrial technology and exotic papier-mâché versions of the world’s wonders. During its six-month run at Centennial Park, the Exposition drew nearly two million visitors to see its dazzling monuments to the South’s recovery. There are several places in the world called Centennial Park: Centennial Olympic Park in Atlanta, Georgia Centennial Park, New South Wales is a park in Sydney, Australia Centennial Park, Canada Centennial Park, Nashville, Tennessee, USA exists on the former grounds of the Tennessee Centennial Exposition This is a disambiguation page...

Governor Robert Taylor observed, “Some of them who saw our ruined country thirty years ago will certainly appreciate the fact that we have wrought miracles.” There are many people known as Robert Taylor, including: Robert Taylor (actor) Robert Taylor (aviation artist) Robert Taylor (composer) Robert Taylor (computer scientist) Sir Robert Taylor (architect) Robert Taylor (athlete) Robert Taylor (UK politician) Robert Love Taylor (US politician) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other...

Tennessee and the Great War: Alvin C. York

Alvin C. York

Tennessee provided the most celebrated American soldier of the First World War: Alvin C. York of Fentress County, Tennessee. York was a former conscientious objector who, in October 1918, subdued an entire German machine gun regiment in the Argonne Forest. Alvin York File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Alvin York File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Sgt. ... Fentress County is a county located in the state of Tennessee. ... A conscientious objector is a person whose beliefs are incompatible with military service - perhaps with any role in the armed forces (in which case he or she is either pacifist or antimilitarist) - or who objects to a particular war. ... A machine gun is a fully-automatic firearm that is capable of firing bullets in rapid succession. ... Argonne can refer to several different things. ...

Besides receiving the Congressional Medal of Honor and assorted French decorations, York became a powerful symbol of patriotism in the press and Hollywood film. For the computer game, see Medal of Honor (computer game). ... Defense of the homeland is a commonplace of military patriotism: The statue in the École polytechnique, Paris, commemorating the students involvement in defending France against the 1814 invasion of the Coalition. ... ...

Deciding vote for women's rights

Tennessee became the focus of national attention during the campaign for women’s voting rights. Woman’s suffrage, like temperance, was an issue with its roots in middle-class reform efforts of the late 1800s.

The organized movement came of age with the founding of the Tennessee Equal Suffrage Association in 1906. Despite a determined (and largely female) opposition, Tennessee suffragists were moderate in their tactics and gained limited voting rights before the national question arose. 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1920, Governor Albert Roberts called a special session of the General Assembly to consider ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 3 - Babe Ruth is traded by the Boston Red Sox to the New York Yankees for $125,000, the largest sum ever paid for a player at that time. ... The term general assembly can refer to The largest unit of organisation in the polity of a (national) Presbyterian church, containing several synods or presbyteries. ... The Nineteenth Amendment may refer to the: Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution - guarantees women the right to vote. ... The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States of America. ...

Leaders of the rival groups flooded into Nashville to lobby the General Assembly. In a close House vote, the suffrage amendment won passage when an East Tennessee legislator, Harry Burn, switched sides after receiving a telegram from his mother encouraging him to support ratification. For other cities named Nashville, see Nashville (disambiguation). ... The term general assembly can refer to The largest unit of organisation in the polity of a (national) Presbyterian church, containing several synods or presbyteries. ... East Tennessee is a name given to approximately the eastern third of the state of Tennessee. ...

Tennessee thereby became the pivotal state that put the Nineteenth Amendment over the top. The Nineteenth Amendment may refer to the: Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution - guarantees women the right to vote. ...

Women immediately made their presence felt by swinging Tennessee to Warren Harding in the 1920 presidential election —- the first time the state had voted for a Republican presidential candidate since 1868. Warren Gamaliel Harding (November 2, 1865 - August 2, 1923) was the 29th (1921-1923) President of the United States and the sixth President to die in office. ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 3 - Babe Ruth is traded by the Boston Red Sox to the New York Yankees for $125,000, the largest sum ever paid for a player at that time. ... This article is about the modern United States Republican Party. ... 1868 (MDCCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ...

The Great Monkey Trial

Clarence Darrow (left) and William Jennings Bryan (right) chat in court during the trial.

Further national attention came Tennessee’s way during the celebrated trial of John T. Scopes, the so-called “Scopes Monkey Trial.” Photo taken of Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan during the scopes trial in 1925. ... Photo taken of Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan during the scopes trial in 1925. ... John Thomas Scopes (August 3, 1900 – October 21, 1970), a teacher in Dayton, Tennessee at the age of 24, was charged on May 25, 1925 with violating Tennessees Butler Act, which prohibited the teaching of evolution in Tennessee schools. ...

In 1925, the General Assembly, as part of a general education bill, passed a law that forbade the teaching of evolution in the public schools. Some local boosters in Dayton, Tennessee concocted a scheme to have Scopes, a high school biology teacher, violate the law and stand trial as a way of drawing publicity and visitors to the town. 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... A speculative phylogenetic tree of all living things, based on rRNA gene data, showing the separation of the three domains, bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. ... Dayton is a city located in Rhea County, Tennessee. ...

Their plan worked all too well, as the Rhea County Courthouse was turned into a circus of national and even international media coverage. Thousands flocked to Dayton to witness the high-powered legal counsel (William Jennings Bryan for the prosecution and Clarence Darrow for the defense, among others) argue their case. Rhea County is a county located in the state of Tennessee. ... William Jennings Bryan, 1907 William Jennings Bryan (March 19, 1860 – July 26, 1925) was an American lawyer, statesman, and politician. ... Clarence Seward Darrow ca. ...

Tennessee was ridiculed in the northeastern and west coast press as the “Monkey State,” even as a wave of revivals defending religious fundamentalism swept the state.

The legal outcome of the trial was inconsequential: Scopes was convicted and fined $100, a penalty later rescinded by the state court of appeals (although the law itself remained on the books until 1967). More important was the law’s symbolic importance: an expression of the anxiety felt by Tennessee’s rural people over the threat to their traditional religious culture posed by modern science. 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ...

The birthplace of country music

The Ryman Auditorium, the home of the Grand Ole Opry in Nashville.

Ironically, at the very time that Tennessee’s rural culture was under attack by sophisticated, urban critics, its music found a national audience. Download high resolution version (1200x1426, 337 KB)The Ryman Auditorium in Nashville, Tennessee. ... Download high resolution version (1200x1426, 337 KB)The Ryman Auditorium in Nashville, Tennessee. ... The Ryman Auditorium The Ryman Auditorium is a 2,362-seat live performance venue located at 116 Fifth Avenue North in Nashville, Tennessee, and is best-known as the one-time home of the Grand Ole Opry. ...

In 1925, WSM, a powerful Nashville radio station, began broadcasting a weekly program of live music which soon was dubbed the “Grand Ole Opry.” Such music came in diverse forms: banjo-and-fiddle string bands of Appalachia, family gospel singing groups, and country vaudeville acts like that of Murfreesboro native Uncle Dave Macon. 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... WSM may refer to one of the following: AM radio station WSM in Nashville, Tennessee, USA FM radio station WSM-FM, also in Nashville Web-based System Manager, an IBM management software for administering AIX 5L host on RS/6000 systems. ... The Grand Ole Opry is a weekly Saturday night country music radio program broadcast live on WSM radio in Nashville, Tennessee. ... Old 6-string zither banjo For other uses, see Banjo (disambiguation) The banjo is a stringed instrument of African American origin, early or original examples sometimes being called the gourd banjo. Its name is commonly thought to be derived from the Kimbundu term mbanza. ... The violin is a stringed musical instrument that has four strings tuned a fifth apart. ... Appalachian Region of the U.S., as defined by the Appalachian Regional Commission Appalachian zones of the US - USGS Appalachia is a term used to include a region stretching from the state of New York to Alabama that surrounds the Appalachian mountains. ... Murfreesboro is a city located in Rutherford County, Tennessee. ...

Still the longest-running radio program in American history, the Opry used the new technology of radio to tap into a huge market for “old time” or “hillbilly” music. Hillbilly is a term for people who dwell in remote, rural, mountainous areas. ...

Two years after the Opry’s opening, in a series of landmark sessions at Bristol, Tennessee, field scouts of the Victor Company recorded Jimmie Rodgers and the Carter Family to produce the first nationally popular rural records. Bristol is a city located in Sullivan County, Tennessee. ... Jimmie Rodgers was the name of two singers: Jimmie Rodgers (country singer) Jimmie Rodgers (pop singer) Jimmie Rodgers (SPC Deputy Director General) Note that there was also a Jimmy Rogers (note the spelling), a blues singer born in 1924. ... Maybelle, A.P. and Sara The Carter Family was a rural country music group that performed and recorded between 1927 and 1943. ...

Tennessee thus emerged as the heartland of traditional country music -— home to many of the performers as well as the place from which it was broadcast to the nation.

The Great Depression and TVA

The first TVA dam, Norris Dam, was completed in 1936.

The need to create work for the unemployed during the Great Depression, the desire for rural electrification, and the desire to control the annual spring floods on the Tennessee River drove the creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority, the nation's largest public utility, in 1933. TVA). File links The following pages link to this file: Tennessee Valley Authority Norris Dam Categories: Tennessee Valley Authority images ... File links The following pages link to this file: Tennessee Valley Authority Norris Dam Categories: Tennessee Valley Authority images ... The Great Depression was known as a worldwide economic downturn, starting in 1929 and lasting through most of the 1930s. ... A riverboat passing under the Henley Street Bridge on the Tennessee River The river viewed from the top of Neyland Stadium. ... TVA logo The Tennessee Valley Authority is a New Deal agency created to generate electric power and control floods in a seven-U.S.-state region around the Tennessee River Valley. ...

In one way or another, TVA had an impact on the lives of nearly all Tennesseans. The agency was created in 1933, largely through the persistence of a Nebraska senator, George Norris, and headquartered in Knoxville. It was charged with the task of planning the total development of the Tennessee River Valley. TVA sought to do this primarily by building hydroelectric dams (twenty between 1933 and 1951) and coal-fired power plants to produce electricity. Official language(s) English Capital Lincoln Largest city Omaha Area  Ranked 16th  - Total 77,421 sq. ... George William Norris (July 11, 1861 - September 2, 1944) was a U.S. political figure. ... Alternate uses: Knoxville (disambiguation) Knoxville is a city located in Knox County, Tennessee, United States. ... A riverboat passing under the Henley Street Bridge on the Tennessee River The river viewed from the top of Neyland Stadium. ... 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ...

Inexpensive and abundant electrical power was the main benefit that TVA brought to Tennessee, particularly to rural areas that previously did not have electrical service. TVA electrified some 60,000 farm households across the state.

By 1945, TVA was the largest electrical utility in the nation, a supplier of vast amounts of power whose presence in Tennessee attracted large industries to relocate near one of its dams or steam plants. 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ...

Tennessee and World War II

World War II brought relief to Tennessee by employing ten percent of the state’s populace(308,199 men and women) in the armed services. Most of those who remained on farms and in cities worked on war-related production, as Tennessee received war orders amounting to $1.25 billion.

Industrial expansion

From the giant shell-loading plant at Milan, Tennessee to the Vultee Aircraft works at Nashville, to the TVA projects in East Tennessee, war-based industries hummed with the labor of a greatly enlarged workforce. Approximately 33 percent of the state’s workers were female by the end of the war. Milan is a city located in Gibson County, Tennessee. ... The Vultee Aircraft Corporation became an independent company in 1939 and had limited success before merging with the Consolidated Aircraft Corporation in 1943 to form the Consolidated Vultee Aircraft Corporation, or Convair. ... East Tennessee is a name given to approximately the eastern third of the state of Tennessee. ...

Military role

Tennessee military personnel served with distinction from Pearl Harbor to the final, bloody assaults at Iwo Jima and Okinawa, and 7,000 died in combat during the war. In 1942-1943, Middle Tennessee residents played host to 28 Army divisions that swarmed over the countryside on maneuvers preparing for the D-Day invasion. Satellite image of Pearl Harbor. ... Landsat photo of Iwo Jima, circa 2000 Iwo Jima (Japanese 硫黄島 Iōtō, or Iōjima, meaning sulphur island) is a volcanic island in Japan, part of the Volcano Islands (the southern part of the Ogasawara Islands), approximately 650 nautical miles (1200 km) south of Tokyo (24. ... This article is about the prefecture. ... Middle Tennessee is a distinct portion of the state of Tennessee, delineated according to law as well as custom. ... Land on Normandy In military parlance, D-Day is a term often used to denote the day on which a combat attack or operation is to be initiated. ...

Cordell Hull, the architect of the UN

Tennesseans participated in all phases of the war—from combat to civilian administration to military research. Cordell Hull served twelve years as Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Secretary of State and became one of the chief architects of the United Nations, for which he received the Nobel Peace Prize. Secretary Hull Cordell Hull (October 2, 1871 – July 23, 1955) served as United States Secretary of State from 1933-1944 under Franklin Delano Roosevelt and received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1945. ... Secretary Hull Cordell Hull (October 2, 1871 – July 23, 1955) served as United States Secretary of State from 1933-1944 under Franklin Delano Roosevelt and received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1945. ... FDR redirects here. ... In several countries, Secretary of State is a senior government position. ... United Nations - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... The Nobel Peace Prize Medal featuring a portrait of Alfred Nobel Lester B. Pearson after accepting the Nobel Peace Prize The Nobel Peace Prize is one of five Nobel Prizes bequested by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel. ...

The Manhattan Project at the atomic bomb

Especially significant for the war effort was Tennessee’s role in the Manhattan Project, the military’s top secret project to build an atomic weapon. The Manhattan Project resulted in the development of the first nuclear weapons, and the first-ever nuclear detonation at the Trinity test of July 16, 1945. ... The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, in 1945 lifted nuclear fallout some 18km (60,000 feet) above the epicenter. ...

Research and production work for the first A-bombs were conducted at the huge scientific/industrial installation at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The Oak Ridge community was entirely a creation of the war: it mushroomed from empty woods in 1941 to a city of 70,000 (Tennessee’s fifth largest) four years later. Oak Ridge is a city located in Anderson and Roane Counties in eastern Tennessee, about 25 miles northwest of Knoxville. ... For the movie, see 1941 (film) 1941 (MCMXLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1941 calendar). ...

Bicentennial

The Bicentennial Mall State Park in Nashville.

Tennessee celebrated its bicentennial in 1996 after a yearlong statewide celebration entitled "Tennessee 200" by opening a new state park (Bicentennial Mall) at the foot of Capitol Hill in Nashville. 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... Bicentennial Mall State Park is a state park is located in the shadow of the State Capitol in downtown Nashville, TN. The 19-acre park is designed to complement the Tennessee Capitol Building, give visitors a taste of Tennessees history and natural wonder, and to serve as a lasting... Nickname: Music City Official website: http://www. ...