The history of Vienna has been long and varied, beginning when the Roman Empire created a military camp in the area covered by Vienna's city centre. From that humble beginning, Vienna grew from the Roman settlement known as Vindobona to be an important trading site in the 11th century. It became the capital of the Babenberg dynasty and subsequently of the Austrian Habsburgs, under whom it became one of Europe's cultural hubs. During the 19th century as the capital of the Austrian Empire and later Austria-Hungary, it temporarily became one of Europe's biggest cities. Since World War I, Vienna has been the capital of the Republic of Austria. Vienna (German: , see also other names) is the capital of Austria, and also one of the nine States of Austria. ... Motto Senatus Populusque Romanus (SPQR) The Roman Empire at its greatest extent. ... The Innere Stadt is the the first Viennese Municipality District. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 11th century was that century which lasted from 1001 to 1100. ... This article is about a city that serves as a center of government and politics. ... Originally from Bamberg in Franconia, now northern Bavaria, the Babenbergs or Babenberger ruled Austria as counts of the march and dukes from 976 - 1248, before the rise of the house of Habsburg. ... Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy; also used as the flag of the Austrian Empire until the Ausgleich of 1867. ... World map showing the location of Europe. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Anthem: Volkshymne (Peoples Anthem) Capital Vienna Language(s) German Religion Roman Catholic Government Monarchy History  - Established 1804  - Disestablished 1867 Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy The Crown of the Austrian Emperor The Austrian Empire (German: ) was an empire centred on what is modern day Austria that officially lasted from 1804... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ...

Roman beginnings and early Middle Ages

The name Vindobona derives from a Celtic language, demonstrating that the region must have been inhabited even before Roman times. The Romans created a military camp (occupied by Legio X Gemina) during the 1st century on the site of the city centre of present-day Vienna. The settlement was raised to the status of a municipium in 212. Even today, the streets of the First District show where the encampment placed its walls and moats. The Romans stayed until the 5th century. Vienna (German: Wien [viːn]; Slovenian: Dunaj, Croatian and Serbian: Beč Romanian: Viena, Hungarian: Bécs, Czech: Vídeň, Slovak: Viedeň, Romany Vidnya, Russian: Вена) is the capital of Austria, and also one of the nine States of Austria. ... The Celtic languages are the languages descended from Proto-Celtic, or Common Celtic, spoken by ancient and modern Celts alike. ... Motto Senatus Populusque Romanus (SPQR) The Roman Empire at its greatest extent. ... Legio X Gemina, the twin legion, was levied by Julius Caesar on 58 BC, for his invasion of Gaul. ... The 1st century was that century which lasted from 1 to 100 according the Gregorian calendar. ... The Innere Stadt is the the first Viennese Municipality District. ... Vienna (German: , see also other names) is the capital of Austria, and also one of the nine States of Austria. ... A municipium was the second highest class of a Roman city, and was inferior in status to the colonia. ... Events Roman Emperor Caracalla decrees that freemen throughout the Roman Empire become Roman Citizens. ... The Innere Stadt is the the first Viennese Municipality District. ... Europe in 450 The 5th century is the period from 401 - 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ...

Roman Vindobona was located in the outskirts of the empire and thus fell prey to the chaos of the Völkerwanderung. There are some indications that a catastrophic fire occurred around the beginning of the 5th century. However, the remains of the encampment were not deserted, and a small settlement remained. The streets and houses of early medieval Vienna followed the former Roman walls, which gives rise to the conclusion that parts of the fortification were still in place and used by the settlers. The first documented mention of the city during the Middle Ages dates to 881 when a battle apud Weniam was fought against the Magyars. However, it is unclear whether this refers to the city or the River Wien. Early Vienna was centred around the Berghof. The German term Völkerwanderung (the migration of peoples), is used in historiography as an alternate label for the Migration Period, of Germanic, Slavic and other tribes on the European continent during the period AD 300–900. ... A forest fire Fire is a rapid oxidation process that creates light, heat, smoke, and releases energy in varying intensities. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... Events Charles the Fat is crowned western emperor Louis III routs Norman pirates at Saucourt_en_Vimeu Births Deaths Emperor Seiwa of Japan Heads of states France - Louis III, king of France (879_882) Categories: 881 ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Wienfluss in the Stadtpark The Wien is a river that flows through the city of Vienna. ...

Byzantine copper coins from the 6th century have been found several times in the area of today's city centre, indicating considerable trade activity. Graves from the 6th century were found during excavations next to the Berghof, in an area around Salvatorgasse. At that time, the Langobards controlled the area, with Slavs and Avars following later. The Salzburg Annals mention a battle against the Magyars at a location called Wenia in 881, which may be a reference to Vienna. Emperor Otto I defeated the Magyars in 955 in the Battle of Lechfeld. This allowed early Vienna to start to develop towards the Middle Ages. It has been suggested that Eastern Roman Empire be merged into this article or section. ... General Name, Symbol, Number copper, Cu, 29 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 4, d Appearance metallic pinkish red Standard atomic weight 63. ... This article is about monetary coins. ... The 6th century is the period from 501 - 600 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... The Innere Stadt is the the first Viennese Municipality District. ... The Lombards (Latin Langobardi, from which the alternative name Longobards found in older English texts), were a Germanic people originally from Scandinavia that entered the late Roman Empire. ... The Slavic peoples are the most numerous ethnic and linguistic body of peoples in Europe. ... Map showing the location of Avar Khaganate, c. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Events Charles the Fat is crowned western emperor Louis III routs Norman pirates at Saucourt_en_Vimeu Births Deaths Emperor Seiwa of Japan Heads of states France - Louis III, king of France (879_882) Categories: 881 ... For others with the same name, see Otto I (disambiguation). ... Events August 10 - Otto I the Great defeats Magyars in the Battle of Lechfeld Edwy becomes King of England. ... Combatants East Francia Magyars Commanders Otto the Great harka Bulcsú; chieftains Lél and Súr Strength 10,000 heavy cavalry 50,000 light cavalry Casualties about 3,500 about 30,000 fell in the battle about 5,000 killed by local farmers maybe 5,000 fleeing Magyars killed by...

Babenbergs

The Babenberg family ruled Austria and developed Vienna during the High Middle Ages.

In 976, the Margraviate of Ostarrîchi was given to the Babenberg family. Vienna lay at its border to Hungary. Image File history File links Hans Part a. ... Image File history File links Hans Part a. ... Originally from Bamberg in Franconia, now northern Bavaria, the Babenbergs or Babenberger ruled Austria as counts of the march and dukes from 976 - 1248, before the rise of the house of Habsburg. ... The cathedral Notre Dame de Paris, a significant architectural contribution of the High Middle Ages. ... Events January 10 - Basil II becomes Eastern Roman Emperor, see Byzantine Emperors. ... Graf is a German noble title equal in rank to a count or an earl. ... Document in which ostarrichi was first mentioned 996 (red circle) Ostarrîchi is an Old High German name found to the famous Ostarrîchi document of 996, where it refers to the Margraviate ruled by the Babenberg Count Henry I located mostly in what is today Lower Austria. ... Originally from Bamberg in Franconia, now northern Bavaria, the Babenbergs or Babenberger ruled Austria as counts of the march and dukes from 976 - 1248, before the rise of the house of Habsburg. ...

Vienna was an important site of trade as early as the 11th century. In the Exchange of Mautern between the Bishop of Passau and Margrave Leopold IV, Vienna is mentioned as a Civitas for the first time, which indicates the existence of a well-ordered settlement. In 1155, Henry Jasomirgott made Vienna his capital. In 1156, Austria was raised to a duchy in the Privilegium Minus, with Vienna becoming the seat of the duke. During that time, the Schottenstift was founded. As a means of recording the passage of time, the 11th century was that century which lasted from 1001 to 1100. ... The Bishop of Passau is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Passau in the Archdiocese of München und Freising . ... Leopold IV, the Generous (c. ... Events Frederick I Barbarossa crowned Holy Roman Emperor. ... Heinrich (Henry) II, (born 1107, died January 13, 1177), Count Palatine of the Rhine 1140-1141, Margrave of Austria from 1141 to 1156, Duke of Bavaria from 1143 to 1156, Duke of Austria 1156-1177, was a prince from the dynasty of Babenberg. ... Events Prince Yuriy Dolgorukiy fortifies Moscow, regarded as the date of the founding of the city Establishment of the Carmelite Order Hogen Rebellion in Japan January 20 - According to legend, freeholder Lalli slays English crusader Bishop Henry with an axe on the ice of the lake Köyliönjärvi... The Privilegium Minus (as opposed to the later Privilegium Maius, which was a forgery), is a document issued by Emperor Frederick I on September 17, 1156. ... A duke is a nobleman, historically of highest rank and usually controlling a duchy. ... Schottenstift The Schottenstift is an abbreviation of Benediktinerabtei unserer Lieben Frau zu den Schotten (lit, Benedictine Abbey of Our Fair Lady to the Scots) is a monestary founded in Vienna in 1155 when Henry II brought Irish-Scotish monks to Vienna. ...

The events surrounding the Third Crusade, during which King Richard the Lionheart was discovered and captured by Duke Leopold V the Virtuous two days before Christmas of 1192 in Erdberg near Vienna, brought an enormous ransom of 50,000 Silver Marks (about 10 to 12 tons of silver, about a third of the emperor's claims against the English. Richard had been extradited to him in March 1193). This allowed the creation of a mint and the construction of city walls around the year 1200. At the U-Bahn station Stubentor, some remains of the city walls can still be seen today. Because he had abused a protected crusader, Leopold V was excommunicated by Pope Celestine III, and died (without having been absolved) after falling from a horse in a tournament. The Third Crusade (1189–1192), also known as the Kings Crusade, was an attempt by European leaders to reconquer the Holy Land from Saladin. ... Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199) was King of England from 6 July 1189 to 6 April 1199. ... Leopold V (1157-December 31, 1194), the Virtuous, was a Babenberg duke of Austria from 1177 to 1194 and Styria from 1192 to 1194. ... Christmas is an annual holiday that celebrates the birth of Jesus. ... // Events The Third Crusade ends in disaster. ... // Saladin dies, and the lands of the Kurdish Ayyubid dynasty of Egypt and Syria are split among his descendants. ... A mint is a facility which manufactures coins for currency. ... The defensive wall of Braşov, Romania. ... Events University of Paris receives charter from Philip II of France The Kanem-Bornu Empire was established in northern Africa around the year 1200 Mongol victory over Northern China — 30,000,000 killed Births Al-Abhari, Persian philosopher and mathematician (died 1265) Ulrich von Liechtenstein, German nobleman and poet (died... Vienna U-Bahn logo The Vienna U-Bahn is a rapid transit (Metro) system consisting of five lines mostly running underground, except for the central section of line U6, which runs above ground on the viaduct of the old Vienna Stadtbahn. ... Excommunication is a religious censure used to deprive or suspend membership in a religious community. ... Celestine III, né Giacinto Bobone Orsini ( 1106 - January 8, 1198), was Pope from 1191 to 1198. ... A tournament is a competition involving a relatively large number of competitors, all participating in a single sport or game. ...

In 1221, Vienna received the rights of a city and as a staple port (Stapelrecht). This meant that all traders passing through Vienna had to offer their goods in the city. This allowed the Viennese to act as middlemen in trade, so that Vienna soon created a network of far-reaching trade relations, particularly along the Danube basin and to Venice, and to become one of the most important cities in the Holy Roman Empire. // Events May 13 - End of the reign of Emperor Juntoku, emperor of Japan Emperor Chūkyō briefly reigns over Japan Former Emperor Go-Toba leads an unsuccessful rebellion against the Kamakura Shogunate Emperor Go-Horikawa ascends to the throne of Japan January - Mongol Army under Jochi captures the city of... Look up city, City in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A staple port is a port designated by a government or monarch as a place where specific goods may be exported or imported. ... The Danube (ancient Danuvius, Iranian *dānu, meaning river or stream, ancient Greek Istros) is the longest river in the European Union and Europes second longest river. ... Venice (Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venezsia, Latin: Venetia) is a city in northern Italy, the capital of region Veneto, and has a population of 271,663 (census estimate January 1, 2004). ... The extent of the Holy Roman Empire in c. ...

However, it was considered embarrassing that Vienna did not have its own bishop. It is known that Duke Frederick II negotiated about the creation of a bishopric in Vienna, and the same is suspected of Ottokar Přemysl. Frederick II, known as the Quarrelsome (German: Friedrich der Streitbare) (1219 – June 15, 1246), from the dynasty of Babenberg, was the duke of Austria and Styria from 1230 to 1246. ... In some Christian churches, the diocese is an administrative territorial unit governed by a bishop, sometimes also referred to as a bishopric or episcopal see, though more often the term episcopal see means the office held by the bishop. ... Ottokar II of Bohemia Areas ruled by Ottokar II Otakar II (also spelled Ottokar or PÅ™emysl Otakar/Ottokar) (c. ...

Habsburgs

In 1278, Rudolf I took control over the Austrian lands after his victory over Ottokar II of Bohemia and began to establish Habsburg rule. In Vienna, it took a relatively long time for the Habsburgs to establish their control, because partisans of Ottokar remained strong for a long time. There were several uprisings against Albert I. The family of the Paltrams vom Stephansfreithof was foremost among the insurgents. For broader historical context, see 1270s and 13th century. ... The brass of the tomb of Rudolph I in Speyer Rudolph I (Rudolph of Hapsburg) (May 1, 1218 - July 15, 1291) was a German king. ... Flag of Bohemia Bohemia (Czech: ; German: ) is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western and middle thirds of the Czech Republic. ... Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy; also used as the flag of the Austrian Empire until the Ausgleich of 1867. ... Albert I (born July 1255 - May 1, 1308) was a German king, duke of Austria, and eldest son of King Rudolph I of Habsburg. ...

In 1280, Jans der Enikel wrote the "Fürstenbuch", a first history of the city. For broader historical context, see 1280s and 13th century. ... Jans der Enikel, i. ...

With the Luxembourg emperors, Prague became the imperial residence and Vienna stood in its shadow. The early Habsburgs attempted to extend it in order to keep up. Duke Albert II, for example, had the gothic choir of the Stephansdom built. In 1327, Frederick the Handsome published his edict allowing the city to maintain an Eisenbuch (iron book) listing its privileges. Nickname: Motto: Praga Caput Rei publicae Location within the Czech Republic Coordinates: , Country Czech Republic Region Capital City of Prague Founded 9th century Government  - Mayor Pavel Bém Area  - City 496 km²  (191. ... Albert II of Austria (born December 12, 1298 on the Habsburg (Aargau); died August 16, 1358 in Vienna; known as the Wise or the Lame) was Duke of Austria. ... Interior of Cologne Cathedral Gothic architecture is a style of architecture, particularly associated with cathedrals and other churches, which flourished in Europe during the high and late medieval period. ... // The Stephansdom (Cathedral of Saint Stephen), in Vienna, Austria, is the seat of a Roman Catholic Archbishop, a beloved symbol of Vienna, and the site of many important events in Austrias national life. ... Events January 25 - Edward III becomes King of England. ... Frederick the Handsome (born 1286; died January 13, 1330), from the House of Habsburg, was Duke of Austria as Frederick I and King of the Romans as Frederick (III). ...

Duke Rudolf IV of Austria

Rudolf IV of Austria deserves credit for his prudent economic policy, which raised the level of prosperity. His epithet the Founder is due to two things: first, he founded the University of Vienna in 1365, and second, he began the construction of the gothic nave in the Stephansdom. The latter is connected to the creation of a metropolitan chapter, as a symbolic substitute for a bishop. Image File history File links Rudolf_IV.jpg Rudolf IV. of Austria Anonymous portrait Gallery: Erzbischöflichen Dom- und Diözesanmuseum, Wien Source: http://www. ... Image File history File links Rudolf_IV.jpg Rudolf IV. of Austria Anonymous portrait Gallery: Erzbischöflichen Dom- und Diözesanmuseum, Wien Source: http://www. ... Rudolf IV of Austria Rudolf IV der Stifter (the Founder) (born November 1, 1339 in Vienna, died July 27, 1365 in Milan) was a member of the House of Habsburg and Duke and self-proclaimed Archduke of Austria from 1358 to 1365. ... Rudolf IV of Austria Rudolf IV der Stifter (the Founder) (born November 1, 1339 in Vienna, died July 27, 1365 in Milan) was a member of the House of Habsburg and Duke and self-proclaimed Archduke of Austria from 1358 to 1365. ... The University of Vienna (German: Universität Wien) in Vienna, Austria is the oldest university in the current Austro-Hungarian domain; it formally opened in 1365. ... Events Foundation of the University of Vienna Births John de Ros, 6th Baron de Ros (died 1394) Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk (died 1399) Deaths May 17 - Louis VI the Roman, elector of Brandenburg (born 1328) July 27 - Duke Rudolf IV of Austria (born 1339) Categories: 1365 ... Links to full descriptions of the elements of a Gothic floorplan are also found at the entry Cathedral diagram. ...

The time of inheritance disputes among the Habsburgs resulting not only in confusion, but also in an economic decline and social unrest, with disputes between the parties of patricians and artisans. While the patricians supported Ernest the Iron, the artisans supported Leopold IV. In 1408, the mayor Konrad Vorlauf, an exponent of the patrician party, was executed. This article is about the social and political class in ancient Rome. ... An artisan, also called a craftsman,[1] is a skilled manual worker who uses tools and machinery in a particular craft. ... Ernest the Iron (born 1377 in Bruck an der Mur; died June 10, 1424 in the same place) was a Duke of Austria from the Habsburg dynasty, and as a member of the Leopoldinian Line the ruler of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola. ... Leopold IV (born 1371; died June 3, 1411 in Vienna) was an Austrian Habsburg Duke of the Leopoldinian Line. ... Events December 13 - The Order of the Dragon is officially formated under King Sigismund of Hungary. ...

After the election of Duke Albert V as German King Albert II, Vienna became the capital of the Holy Roman Empire. Albert's name is remembered for his expulsion of the Jewish population of Vienna in 1421/22. Albert II Habsburg (August 10, 1397 - October 27, 1439), German ruler, king of Bohemia and Hungary, and (as Albert V) duke of Austria, was born on August 10, 1397, the son of Albert IV of Habsburg, duke of Austria. ... King of the Romans (Latin: Rex Romanorum) was a title used by the rulers of the Holy Roman Empire before their coronation by the Pope, and later also by the heir designate of the Empire. ... This article is about a city that serves as a center of government and politics. ... The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination... Events March 21 - Battle of Baugé. A small French force surprises and defeats a smaller English force under Thomas, Duke of Clarence, a brother of Henry V of England, in Normandy. ... Events January 10 - Battle of Nemecky Brod during the Hussite Wars. ...

Eventually, in 1469, Vienna was given its own bishop, and the Stephansdom became a cathedral. During the upheavals of the era of the weak Emperor Frederick III, Vienna remained on the side of his opponents (first Albert VI, then Matthias Corvinus), as Frederick proved unable to maintain peace in the land vis-à-vis rampaging gangs of mercenaries (often remaining from the Hussite Wars). Events July 26 - Battle of Edgecote Moor October 17 - Prince Ferdinand of Aragon wed princess Isabella of Castile. ... A cathedral is a religious building for worship, specifically of a denomination with an episcopal hierarchy, such as the Roman Catholic, Anglican and some Lutheran churches, which serves as a bishops seat, and thus as the central church of a diocese. ... Emperor Frederick III Frederick III of Habsburg (Innsbruck, September 21, 1415 – August 19, 1493 in Linz) was elected as German King as the successor of Albert II in 1440. ... Albert VI (born December 12, 1418 in Vienna, died December 2, 1463 in Vienna) was a Habsburg Archduke and son of Ernest the Iron. ... Matthias Corvinus (Mátyás in Hungarian), (February 23, 1443 (?) - April 6, 1490) was one of the greatest Kings of Hungary, ruling between 1458 and 1490. ... Hussite War Wagons and Hand Cannoneers Hussite Crossbowman and Shield Carrier Hussite War Wagons The Hussite Wars, also called the Bohemian Wars involved the military actions against and amongst the followers of Jan Hus in Bohemia in the period 1420 to circa 1434. ...

In 1522, under Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor the Blood Judgment of Wiener Neustadt led to the execution of leading members of the opposition within the city, and thus a destruction of the political structures. From then on, the city stood under direct imperial control. Events January 9 - Adrian Dedens becomes Pope Adrian VI. February 26 - Execution by hanging of Cuauhtémoc, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan under orders of conquistador Hernán Cortés. ... Ferdinand in 1531, the year of his election as King of the Romans Ferdinand I (10 March 1503 – 25 July 1564) was an Austrian monarch from the House of Habsburg. ... Wiener Neustadt (Hungarian: Bécsújhely) is located south of Vienna in the state of Lower Austria. ...

In 1556, Vienna became the seat of the Emperor, with Hungary and Bohemia having been added to the Habsburg realm in 1526. Events January 16 - Abdication of Emperor Charles V. His son, Philip II becomes King of Spain, while his brother Ferdinand becomes Holy Roman Emperor January 23 - The Shaanxi earthquake, the deadliest earthquake in history, occurs with its epicenter in Shaanxi province, China. ... An emperor is a (male) monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. ... Flag of Bohemia Bohemia (Czech: ; German: ) is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western and middle thirds of the Czech Republic. ... January 14 - Treaty of Madrid. ...

During this time, the city was also recatholicised after having become Protestant rather quickly. In 1551, the Jesuits were brought to town and soon gained a large influence in court. The leader of the counterreformation here was Melchior Khlesl, Bishop of Vienna from 1600. The Counter-Reformation or the Catholic Reformation was a strong reaffirmation of the doctrine and structure of the Catholic Church, climaxing at the Council of Trent, partly in reaction to the growth of Protestantism. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... Year 1551 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... The Society of Jesus (Latin: Societas Iesu), commonly known as the Jesuits, is a Roman Catholic religious order. ... Melchior Cardinal Klesl Melchior Klesl (sometimes Khlesl, rarely Cleselius) (February 19, 1552 - September 18, 1630) was an Austrian statesman and cardinal of the Roman Catholic church during the time of the Counter-Reformation. ... 1600 was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Turkish Wars

Fortified Vienna around 1609/1640

In 1529, Vienna was besieged by the Ottoman Turks for the first time (the First Turkish Siege), although unsuccessfully. The city, protected by medieval walls, only barely withstood the attacks, until epidemics and an early winter forced the Turks to retreat. The siege had shown that new fortifications were needed. Following plans by Hermes Schallauzer, Vienna was expanded to a fortress in 1548. The city was furnished with eleven bastions and surrounded by a moat. A glacis was created around Vienna, a broad strip without any buildings, which allowed defenders to fire freely. These fortifications, which accounted for the major part of building activities well into the 17th century, proved decisive in the Second Turkish Siege of 1683, as they allowed the city to maintain itself for two months, until the Turkish army was defeated by the army led by the Polish King Jan Sobieski. This was the turning point in the Turkish Wars, as the Ottoman Empire was pushed back more and more during the following decades. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (3818x1852, 2305 KB) en: This picture was reworked by the Wikigraphists of the Bilderwerkstatt. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (3818x1852, 2305 KB) en: This picture was reworked by the Wikigraphists of the Bilderwerkstatt. ... Events April 22 - Treaty of Saragossa divides the eastern hemisphere between Spain and Portugal, stipulating that the dividing line should lie 297. ... Motto دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299–1326) Bursa (1326–65) Edirne (1365–1453) Constantinople (Ä°stanbul, 1453–1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326 Osman I  - 1918–22 Mehmed VI... // Combatants Austria with Bohemian, German & Spanish mercenaries Ottoman Empire Commanders Nicholas, Graf von Salm Suleiman I Strength over 16,000 [1] 120,000 [1] Casualties Unknown Unknown The Siege of Vienna of 1529, as distinct from the Battle of Vienna in 1683, was the Ottoman Empires first attempt to... In epidemiology, an epidemic (from [[Latin language] epi- upon + demos people) is a disease that appears as new cases in a given human population, during a given period, at a rate that substantially exceeds what is expected, based on recent experience (the number of new cases in the population during... Fortifications (Latin fortis, strong, and facere, to make) are military constructions designed for defensive warfare. ... Events Mary I of Scotland sent to France Births September 2 - Vincenzo Scamozzi, Italian architect (died 1616) September 29 - William V, Duke of Bavaria (died 1626) Francesco Andreini, Italian actor (died 1624) Giordano Bruno, Italian philosopher, astronomer, and occultist (burned at the stake) 1600 (died 1600) Honda Tadakatsu, Japanese general... The point of a bastion on a reconstructed French fort in Illinois. ... The moated manor house of Baddesley Clinton in Warwickshire, England Moats (also known as a Fosse) were deep and wide water-filled trenches, excavated to provide a barrier against attack upon castle ramparts or other fortifications. ... A glacis, in military engineering (see Fortification and Siege) is an artificial slope of earth in the front of works, so constructed as to keep an assailant under the fire of the defenders to the last possible moment. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... // For siege of Vienna in 1529 see Siege of Vienna Combatants Holy League: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Austria, Saxony, Franconia, Swabia, Bavaria Ottoman Empire, Khanate of Crimea, Transylvania, Wallachia, Moldavia Commanders John III Sobieski, Charles V of Lorraine Kara Mustafa Pasha Strength 70,000, (10,000 during siege) 138,000, (200... Events June 6 - The Ashmolean Museum opens as the worlds first university museum. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Reign From May 21, 1674, until June 17, 1696 Elected On May 21, 1674 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On February 2, 1676 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Nobel Family Sobieski Coat of Arms Janina Parents Jakub Sobieski Zofia Teofillia Daniłowicz Consorts Marie...

See also: Ottoman wars in Europe

The wars of the Ottoman Empire in Europe marked the better part of the history of southeastern Europe, notably, giving infamy to the Balkans. ...

18th century

The following period was characterised by extensive building activities. In the course of reconstruction, Vienna was largely turned into a baroque city. The most important architects were Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach and Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt. Most construction happened in the suburbs (Vorstädte), as the nobility began to cover the surrounding land with garden palaces, known as Palais. The best known are the Palais Liechtenstein, Palais Modena, Palais Schönborn, Palais Schwarzenberg, and the Belvedere (the garden palais of Prince Eugene of Savoy). In 1704, an outer fortification, the Linienwall, was built around the Vorstädte. Adoration, by Peter Paul Rubens. ... An architect at his drawing board, 1893 An architect is a person who is involved in the planning, designing and oversight of a buildings construction. ... Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach (1656- 5 April 1723) was an Austrian architect in the Baroque period. ... Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt (born in Genoa, 1668, died in Vienna, 1745) was an Italian-trained Austrian architect who designed many stately buildings and churches. ... Vorstadt is a German term that could be considered roughly considered equivalent to a suburb, i. ... Nobility is a traditional hereditary status (see hereditary titles) that exists today in many countries (mainly present or former monarchies). ... Liechtenstein Museum in Vienna Palais Liechtenstein is the name of a number of baroque palaces. ... Palais Modena in Vienna Palais Modena is a palace in Vienna. ... Schönborn was a German statelet ruled by the Schönborn family located in northern Bavaria, Germany, located to the south of Bamberg and to the southeast of Würzburg. ... Palais Schwarzenberg is a baroque palace in Vienna. ... Upper Belvedere Lower Belvedere View of the gardens seen from the Upper Belvedere, painted by Canaletto in 1758 Upper Belvedere The Belvedere is a baroque palace complex built by Prince Eugene of Savoy in the 3rd district of Vienna, south-east of the city centre. ... Prince Eugen von Savoyen in a contemporary painting François-Eugène, Prince of Savoy-Carignan, known as Prinz Eugen von Savoyen in German and Eugenio, Principe di Savoia in Italian (October 18, 1663 – April 24, 1736) was arguable the greatest general to serve the Habsburgs. ... Events Building of the Students Monument in Aiud, Romania. ...

After the extensive plague epidemics of 1679 and 1713, the population began to grow steadily. It is estimated that 150,000 people lived in Vienna in 1724, and 200,000 in 1790. At that time, the first factories were built, starting in Leopoldstadt. Leopoldstadt also became a site where many Jews lived, as they had been driven out of their 50-year old ghetto in 1670. Hygienic problems began to become noticeable: sewers and street cleaning began to develop. Also in this time, the first house numbers (the Konskriptionsnummern) were issued, and the government postal system began to develop. The bubonic plague or bubonic fever is the best-known variant of the deadly infectious disease caused by the enterobacteria Yersinia pestis. ... A pandemic (from Greek παν pan all + δήμος demos people) is an epidemic (an outbreak of an infectious disease) that spreads across a large region (example a continent), or even worldwide. ... The Great Plague of Vienna occurred in 1679 in Vienna, Austria, the imperial residence of the Austrian Habsburg rulers. ... Events January 14 - King Philip V of Spain abdicates the throne February 20 - The premiere of Giulio Cesare, an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel, takes place in London June 23 - Treaty of Constantinople signed. ... Year 1790 (MDCCXC) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... Manufacturing is the transformation of raw materials into finished goods for sale, or intermediate processes involving the production or finishing of semi-manufactures. ... Haidgasse in Leopoldstadt The Volksprater amusement park in the Wiener Prater The Hauptallee in the Prater Leopoldstadt (Leopold-Town) is Viennas second district. ... A ghetto is an area where people from a specific racial or ethnic background live as a group in seclusion, voluntarily or involuntarily. ... 1670 was a common year beginning on a Saturday in countries using the Julian calendar and a Wednesday in countries using the Gregorian calendar. ... Hygiene refers to practices associated with ensuring good health and cleanliness. ... Postal can refer to: the postal service the band The Postal Service the US slang phrase going postal, a form of mass murder or killing spree Postal, a series of controversial computer games (based on the previous expression) developed by Running With Scissors This is a disambiguation page — a...

Under Emperor Joseph II, the city administration was modernized in 1783: officials in charge of only the city were introduced, and the Magistrate was created. At the same time, the graveyards within the city were closed. Joseph II (full name: Joseph Benedikt August Johannes Anton Michel Adam; March 13, 1741 – February 20, 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790 and ruler of the Habsburg lands from 1780 to 1790. ... 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... A magistrate is a judicial officer. ... Graves at Green-Wood Cemetery, Brooklyn, New York A cemetery is a place (usually an enclosed area of land) in which dead bodies are buried. ...

19th century

Vienna as it looked before the big expandation which endured until the First World War (in the foreground).

During the Napoleonic Wars, Vienna was taken by Napoleon twice, in 1805 and 1809. The first conquest happened without a battle. Three French marshals crossed the Taborbrücke (Tábor Bridge), the only Danube bridge at that time (which of course was strongly defended), and convinced the Austrian commander that the war was already over. In the meantime, the French army could easily enter the city and was greeted by the population, rather with interest than with rejection. Napoleon allowed 10,000 men of the Vienna national guard to remain armed and left the arsenal to them when he left, as complete as he had found it. However, the second occupation happened only after heavy fire. Shortly after that, Napoleon suffered his first large defeat at Aspern, nearby. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 586 pixels Full resolution (1582 × 1158 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 586 pixels Full resolution (1582 × 1158 pixel, file size: 1. ... Combatants Austria[1] Portugal Prussia[1] Russia[2] Spain[3] Sweden United Kingdom[4] Ottoman Empire[5] Holy Roman Empire[6] French Empire Holland Kingdom of Italy Kingdom of Naples Duchy of Warsaw Bavaria[7] Saxony[8] Denmark [9] Commanders Archduke Charles Prince Schwarzenberg Karl Mack von Leiberich Gebhard von... Bonaparte as general Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a general of the French Revolution and was the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from November 11, 1799 to May 18, 1804, then as Emperor of the French (Empereur... 1805 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1809 (MDCCCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... Marshal (also sometimes spelled marshall in American English, but not in British English) is a word used in several official titles of various branches of society. ... SW corner of the Žižka square as viewed from the church tower. ... The Battle of Aspern-Essling (May 22, 1809), was fought between the French and their allies under Napoleon and the Austrians commanded by the archduke Charles. ...

After Napoleon's final defeat, the Congress of Vienna took place from September 18, 1814 to June 9, 1815, in which the political map of Europe was redrawn. The congress members indulged in many social events, which induced the witty Charles Joseph, Prince de Ligne to famously say: Le congres danse beaucoup, mais il ne marche pas ("The congress dances, but does not progress"). The events cost Austria a great deal of money, which was reflected in mockery about the major participants: The Congress of Vienna by Jean-Baptiste Isabey, 1819. ... September 18 is the 261st day of the year (262nd in leap years). ... Year 1814 (MDCCCXIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... June 9 is the 160th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (161st in leap years), with 205 days remaining. ... April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ... World map showing the location of Europe. ... Charles Joseph, Prince de Ligne (1735 - December 13, 1814), soldier and writer, came of a princely family of Hainaut, and was born at Brussels in 1735. ...

Alexander of Russia: loves for all

Frederick William of Prussia : thinks for all

Frederick of Denmark: speaks for all

Maximilian of Bavaria: drinks for all

Frederick of Württemberg: eats for all

Emperor Francis of Austria: pays for all

The first half of the century was characterised by intensive industrialization, with Vienna being attached to the railway network in 1837. Aleksandr I Pavlovich (Russian: Александр I Павлович) (December 23, 1777–December 1, 1825?), was Emperor of Russia from 23 March 1801-1 December 1825 and Ruler of Poland from 1815–1825, as well as the first Grand Duke of Finland. ... Frederick William III (German: , August 3, 1770 – June 7, 1840) was king of Prussia from 1797 to 1840. ... King Frederick VI. King Frederick VI of Denmark and Norway (January 28, 1768 – December 3, 1839), reigned as King of Denmark from 1808 to 1839, and as king of Norway from 1808 to 1814. ... King Maximilian I of Bavaria. ... King Frederick I of Württemberg Crown of the Kingdom of Württemberg Frederick I (German: ) (November 6, 1754 — October 30, 1816) was the first King of Württemberg. ... Francis I in Austrian coronation regalia, 1832 Austrian thaler of Francis II, dated 1821. ... Queen Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837 - 1901) 1837 (MDCCCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

The French February Revolution of 1848 had an effect as far away as Vienna: on March 13, the March Revolution, which forced long-serving chancellor Metternich to resign. // Observations of liberals As 1848 began, liberals in France awaited the death of King Louis Philippe, expecting a new revolution after his death. ... Year 1848 (MDCCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... March 13 is the 72nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (73rd in leap years). ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Klemens Wenzel von Metternich Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar Fürst von Metternich-Winneburg-Beilstein (May 15, 1773 – June 11, 1859) was an Austrian politician, statesman and one of the most important diplomats of his era. ...

The city was expanded in 1850, mostly to include the area within the Linienwall. The Vorstädte thus became the 2nd to 9th districts, with the old city becoming the first. In 1858, the fortifications were demolished, and the broad Ringstraße boulevard was built in their place. Many monumental buildings were built alongside it. The Ringstraße Style (Historicism) characterises the architecture of Vienna to this day. The period peaked in the World Exhibition of 1873, immediately before the stock market crash, which ended the Gründerzeit ("foundation era"). For the game, see: 1850 (board game) Year 1850 (MDCCCL) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Vorstadt is a German term that could be considered roughly considered equivalent to a suburb, i. ... The Innere Stadt is the the first Viennese Municipality District. ... 1858 (MDCCCLVIII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The Ringstraße at night The Ringstraße is a circular road surrounding the Innere Stadt district of Vienna, Austria and is one of its main sights. ... For historicism as a method of interpreting biblical apocalypse, see Historicism (Christian eschatology). ... Worlds Fair is the generic name for various large expositions held since the mid 19th century. ... 1873 (MDCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Black Monday (1987) on the Dow Jones Industrial Average A stock market crash is a sudden dramatic decline of stock prices across a significant cross-section of a stock market. ... The Gründerzeit (German, literally: the Founding Epoch) denotes the first decades after the foundation in 1871 of the Prussia-led German Empire. ...

In 1861, the Liberals won the first (relatively) free elections after the end of neoabsolutism. 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link with display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar) // January 1 - Benito Juárez captures Mexico City January 2 - Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia dies and is succeeded by...

After the great flood of 1830, Regulation of the Danube was frequently considered. It was finally put into practice during the 1860s. The many branches of the Danube were removed, and a straight course was created away from the city centre. The branch near the central city was made narrower and has been known under the somewhat misleading name Donaukanal (Danube Canal) ever since. Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 (MDCCCXXX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... // The First Transcontinental Railroad in the USA was built in the six year period between 1863 and 1869. ... The Danube (ancient Danuvius, Iranian *dānu, meaning river or stream, ancient Greek Istros) is the longest river in the European Union and Europes second longest river. ... The Donaukanal and its gently sloping banks (Details) The Donaukanal (Danube Canal) is a former arm of the river Danube rather than a canal. ...

Vienna around 1888

During that period, the population of Vienna increased sharply, mostly because of immigration. Censuses were conducted regularly from 1869 onwards, which showed an all-time high of population in 1910, with 2,031,000 inhabitants. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (800x1236, 451 KB) Map of Vienna, 1888, Mayers Konversationslexikon, German Wikipedia File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (800x1236, 451 KB) Map of Vienna, 1888, Mayers Konversationslexikon, German Wikipedia File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... 1869 (MDCCCLXIX) is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ...

Around 1900, Vienna became a centre of the Jugendstil (Art Nouveau, most of all with Otto Wagner and the association of artists known as Vienna Secession (after which the characteristic building on Karlsplatz is named). Year 1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar, but a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. ... Jugendstil is defined as a style of architecture or decorative art similar to Art Nouveau, popular in German-speaking areas of Europe during the late 19th and early 20th centuries [1]. Jugendstil was also popular in the Nordic countries, where it became integrated with the National Romantic Style. ... Vitebsk Railway Station one of the finest examples of Art Nouveau architecture. ... Otto Wagner Otto Koloman Wagner (13 July 1841–11 April 1918) was an Austrian architect. ... The secession building at Vienna, built in 1897 by Joseph Maria Olbrich for exhibitions of the secession group another view The Vienna Secession or (also known as Secessionsstil, or Sezessionsstil in Austria) was part of that highly varied movement that is now covered by the general term Art Nouveau. ... Pavillon and Karlskirche Karlsplatz lies on the border between the first and fourth districts of Vienna. ...

In 1890, the city was expanded for a second time: the (Vororte) suburbs beyond the old Linienwall were incorporated into the town as the districts 11 to 19 (the 10th district) had been created in 1874 by the division of the fourth). Leopoldstadt was divided in 1900, with the northern part becoming the 20th district (Brigittenau). In 1904, Floridsdorf became part of Vienna as 21st district. 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar). ... Vorort is a German term that could be considered roughly considered equivalent to a suburb. ... The Amtshaus (Magistratisches Bezirksamt), Favoritens administrative centre, was built in 1881-82 and is one of the few red brick buildings to be found in Vienna today. ... Year 1874 (MDCCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link with display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Wieden is the fourth district of Vienna. ... Haidgasse in Leopoldstadt The Volksprater amusement park in the Wiener Prater The Hauptallee in the Prater Leopoldstadt (Leopold-Town) is Viennas second district. ... Year 1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar, but a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. ... Brigittenau is the 20th district of Vienna. ... 1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (see link for calendar). ... Floridsdorf is the 21st district in the city of Vienna, Austria. ...

During those years, Karl Lueger was the leading figure of city politics. Neither his dedication to social policy can be denied, nor other merits for the municipality (such as the Wiener Hochquellwasserleitung, bringing fresh water from the mountains to Vienna and the creation of a belt of meadows and forests around the city). However, these positive aspects were coupled with his raving and rhetorically well presented anti-Semitism. Karl Lueger Karl Lueger (IPA ) (October 24, 1844-March 10, 1910) was an Austrian politician and mayor of Vienna, known for his overtly anti-semitic and racist policies, as well as his skills as an administrator. ... Social policy is the study of the welfare state, and the range of responses to social need. ... The Eternal Jew: 1937 German poster. ...

World War I and the First Republic

World War I (1914-1918) did not result in an immediate threat to Vienna, but it led to a lack of supplies because of the economic embargo imposed by the Entente powers, which resulted in a shortage in food and clothes. “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... (See also List of types of clothing) Introduction Humans often wear articles of clothing (also known as dress, garments or attire) on the body (for the alternative, see nudity). ...

The end of the war was also the end of Austria-Hungary. On November 12, 1918, the Republic of Deutsch-Österreich was proclaimed in front of the parliament. The population was concentrated in the capital, which was often called a hydrocephalus because of this. Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... November 12 is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... The Austrian parliament consists of two chambers, the Nationalrat (national council) and the Bundesrat (federal council). ...

In 1921, Vienna was separated from the surrounding Lower Austria and became a state of its own. The left-wing Social Democrats, who had dominated since the end of the war, were now in charge of the city administration. "Red Vienna" was considered an international model. Many notable Gemeindebauten (low-cost residential estates) were built during that period. Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Map of Lower Austria showing districts and the four quarters (Waldviertel in green, Weinviertel in red, Mostviertel in yellow and Industrieviertel in blue) Lower Austria (de: Niederösterreich) is one of the nine states or Bundesländer in Austria. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The Social Democratic Party of Austria (Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs, SPÖ) is a political party in Austria. ... Karl-Marx-Hof - build between 1927 and 1930 Red Vienna (German: ) was the nickname of the capital of Austria between 1918 and 1934, when the social democrats had the majority and the city was democratically directed for the first time. ... The Karl-Marx-Hof in Vienna A Gemeindebau (German for municipality building) is a residential building erected by a municipality, usually to provide low-cost housing. ...

However, the increasing economic difficulties resulted in a political radicalization and polarisation of the political parties. On the social democratic side, the left-wing Republikanische Schutzbund (Republican Protective Alliance) was formed in 1923/24, which was a well-organised and well-equipped paramilitary group. It was opposed by the right-wing Heimwehr ("Home Guard"), which had been formed after the end of the war from local guards and similar combat units. Year 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar). ... The Heimwehr (German Home Guard) were a Nationalist, initially paramilitary grouping, operating within Austria during the 1920s and 1930s; they were similar in methods, organisation, and ideology to Germanys Freikorp. ...

Ständestaat and Third Reich

The fire of the Justizpalast ("Palace of Justice") in 1927 after a judicial error following violent demonstrations, the collapse of the largest bank of the country, and finally the dissolution of parliament in 1933, marked the way to the Civil War in February of 1934. After Engelbert Dollfuß, who had been Chancellor of Austria and foreign minister since 1932, had forbidden the Nazi Party, the Communist Party and the Schutzbund in 1933, this ban began to cover the Social Democratic Party in 1934 after the February Uprising. Only the Vaterländische Front was permitted. Dollfuß created an authoritarian regime called Ständestaat and ruled without parliamentary approval (also see Austrofascism). Large projects for road constructions such as the Großglockner-Hochalpenstraße and the Höhenstraße on the Kahlenberg were initiated to create jobs. Year 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... “Banker” redirects here. ... 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... The Austrian Civil War, also known as the February Uprising, is a term sometimes used for a few days of skirmishes between socialist and fascist forces between 12 February and 16 February 1934 in Austria. ... Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Engelbert Dollfuss Engelbert Dollfuss (German: Dollfuß) (October 4, 1892 - July 25, 1934) was an Austrian politician and dictator. ... The Chancellor of Austria (in German: Bundeskanzler) is the head of government in Austria. ... Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1932 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Nazi swastika The National Socialist German Workers Party (German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei), better known as the NSDAP or the Nazi Party was a political party that was led to power in Germany by Adolf Hitler in 1933. ... The Communist Party of Austria (German: Kommunistische Partei Österreichs) is a communist party from Austria. ... 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... In February 1934, Austrian socialists rose against the Austrian state when police searched for weapons belonging to the outlawed Republikanischer Schutzbund, the armed militia associated with the Sozialdemokratische Arbeiter Partei (SdAP), in Linz. ... The movements flag. ... Supporters of the Austrian Christian Social Party in 1934 Austrofascism is a term which is frequently used to describe the authoritarian rule installed in Austria between 1934 and 1938. ... Supporters of the Austrian Christian Social Party in 1934 Austrofascism is a term which is frequently used to describe the authoritarian rule installed in Austria between 1934 and 1938. ... Grossglockner High Alpine Road, altitude 1953 m The Grossglockner High Alpine Road (in German Grossglockner Hochalpenstrasse) is a panoramic road in Austria in the state of Salzburg. ... Kahlenberg with the tower, church, and scenic overlook Kahlenberg is a mountain (484 m, 1588 ft) located in Döbling, Vienna, Austria. ...

In 1938, the Anschluss to the German Empire followed. Hitler's anti-Jewish policies fell on fertile soil in Vienna's latent anti-Semitism had increased during the early 20th century. In August, the KZ Oberlanzendorf Wien (Central Office for Jewish Emigration) was created. Its head was Adolf Eichmann ^[1]. During the Reichspogromnacht on November 9, 1938, the synagogues, the centres of not only religious, but also the Jewish social life, were destroyed. Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... German troops march into Austria on 12 March 1938. ... Motto Gott mit Uns (German: God with us”) Anthem Heil dir im Siegerkranz (unofficial) Territory of the German Empire in 1914, prior to World War I Capital Berlin Language(s) Official: German Unofficial minority languages: Danish, French, Frisian, Polish, Sorbian Government Constitutional monarchy Emperor  - 1871–1888 William I  - 1888 Frederick... Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (April 20, 1889 – April 30, 1945, standard German pronunciation in the IPA) was the Führer (leader) of the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party) and of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. ... The Eternal Jew: 1937 German poster. ... Kristallnacht, also known as Reichskristallnacht, Pogromnacht and in English as The Night of Broken Glass, was a massive nationwide pogrom in Germany and Austria on the night of November 9, 1938 (including early hours of the following day). ... November 9 is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... A synagogue (from Ancient Greek: , transliterated synagogÄ“, assembly; Hebrew: beit knesset, house of assembly; Yiddish: , shul; Ladino: , esnoga) is a Jewish place of religious worship. ...

In the course of the expansion of the city in 1938, 91 adjoining municipalities were incorporated into the city, from which the 22nd (Groß-Enzersdorf), the 23rd (Schwechat), the 24th (Mödling), the 25th (Liesing) and the 26th (Klosterneuburg) districts were created. With an area of 1,224 km², this made Vienna the city with the largest territory in the Third Reich. During the war, the city housed 12 sub-camps of the infamous Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp, located in various parts of the city. Groß-Enzersdorf is a town in the district of Gänserndorf in the Austrian state of Lower Austria. ... Schwechat is a city on the south-eastern outskirts of the Austrian capital Vienna. ... Mödling is a municipality in and the capital of the eponymous Austrian district (Bezirk) and located at , , approximately 15 km south of the centre of Vienna. ... Liesing is the 23rd district of Vienna. ... Klosterneuburg is a city in Lower Austria with a population of 24,442. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... Image:Mutilation skarskarrskano. ...

The bombardments of 1944 and 1945 and the fights during the subsequent conquest of Vienna by Soviet troops in April 1945 caused much destruction within the city. Nevertheless, many historic buildings resisted the bombardment or were reconstructed after the war. 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Year 1945and died 2007 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... Soviet redirects here. ... Year 1945and died 2007 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ...

Second Republic

Zones of Allied occupation in Vienna: the peripheral, paler areas were incorporated in 1938.

Only a few days after the war, a provisional city government and administration was created. Also, the political parties were recreated. On April 29, 1945 the parliament building passed from the occupation force to the new Austrian government, and Karl Renner announced the reinstitution of the democratic Republic of Austria. Vienna was divided into five occupation zones between the Soviet Union, the USA, the UK, the France, and with the first district (city centre) being patrolled by all four. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1400x712, 77 KB) Summary Author: Christoph Lingg Date: August 21, 2005 Source URL: [1] Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: History of Vienna ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1400x712, 77 KB) Summary Author: Christoph Lingg Date: August 21, 2005 Source URL: [1] Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: History of Vienna ... April 29 is the 119th day of the year (120th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945and died 2007 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... Karl Renner Monument to Karl Renner next to the Austrian Parliament, Ringstraße, Vienna, Austria Karl Renner (December 14, 1870 - December 31, 1950) was an Austrian politician. ...

The first municipal elections were held in November 1945. Year 1945and died 2007 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ...

Of the 100 seats in the municipal council, the left-wing Social Democratic Party captured 58, the right-wing Austrian Peoples Party 36, and the Communists 6. In 1946, it was decided that the expansion of city territory of 1938 should be reverted, but this law was delayed by a veto of the occupying powers and was not put into practice until 1954. Two districts remained with Vienna, namely the 22nd one (Donaustadt) north of the Danube and the 23rd one (Liesing) in the south (some other districts gained some Lower Austrian territory). The Austrian Peoples Party or Österreichische Volkspartei is an Austrian political party. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Donaustadt is the 22nd district of Vienna. ... Map of Lower Austria showing districts and the four quarters (Waldviertel in green, Weinviertel in red, Mostviertel in yellow and Industrieviertel in blue) Lower Austria (de: Niederösterreich) is one of the nine states or Bundesländer in Austria. ...

On May 15, 1955, the country regained its freedom with the "Austrian State Treaty". This peace treaty was called a state treaty because Austria had temporarily ceased to exist in 1938. is the 135th day of the year (136th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Occupation zones in Austria, 1945-1955 The Austrian Independence Treaty (complete form: Treaty for the re-establishment of an independent and democratic Austria, signed in Vienna on the 15 May 1955), more commonly referred to as the Austrian State Treaty (German Staatsvertrag), was signed on May 15, 1955 in Vienna...

After the war, as everywhere in Western Europe, there was an enormous economic boom, among other things because of the economic aid resulting from the Marshall Plan. The borders of Western Europe were largely defined by the Cold War. ... Map of Cold-War era Europe and the Near East showing countries that received Marshall Plan aid. ...

Public transport in Vienna was improved by the introduction of the new U-Bahn network, the first part of which was opened in 1978. During the 1970s, Vienna became the third official seat of the United Nations, and the UNO-City was built. At the end of the 20th century, a "skyline" consisting of several skyscrapers was created with, among others, the Andromeda Tower and Millennium Tower on the left and right side of the Danube. Furthermore, a complex of skyscrapers was planned at the site of the Wien Mitte railway station, which might have endangered the position of Vienna's centre as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The project has since been redesigned. Vienna U-Bahn logo The Vienna U-Bahn is a rapid transit (Metro) system consisting of five lines mostly running underground, except for the central section of line U6, which runs above ground on the viaduct of the old Vienna Stadtbahn. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979. ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... The Vienna International Centre (VIC), colloquially also known as UNO City in Vienna, is the campus and building complex hosting United Nations organizations in Vienna, Austria. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999... A skyline is best described as the overall or partial view or relief of a citys tall buildings and structures consisting of many skyscrapers. ... Taipei 101, the worlds tallest skyscraper by roof height on high rise. ... Millennium Tower, Vienna For other buildings called Millennium Tower, see Millennium Tower Millennium Tower is a 202 metre (663m foot) tall skyscraper in Vienna, Austria. ... UNESCO logo UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ... A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State...

Vienna was capital of surrounding Bundesland of Lower Austria (German: Niederosterreich) until 1986, when it was replaced by Sankt Pölten. As Vienna was not geographical part of Lower Austria it was a capital outside of territory it served. Lower Austria (Niederösterreich) is one of the nine federal states or Bundesländer in Austria. ... The title of this article contains the character ö. Where it is unavailable or not desired, the name may be represented as Sankt Poelten. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ...

In the municipal elections of 2001, the Social Democrats regained an absolute majority. With the Liberal Forum, not gaining enough votes, only four parties have been represented in the municipal council since then. In the 2005 elections, the Social Democrats further increased their majority. Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A majority is a subset of a group that is more than half of the entire group. ... The Liberal Forum (de: Liberales Forum, or LiF) is a small liberal party in Austria. ...

Mayors

See the list of mayors of Vienna.

The following people were mayors of Vienna: Habsburg Monarchy Konrad Poll 1282 Heinrich Hansgraf 1285 Konrad von Eslarn 1287 Konrad Poll 1288-1305 Heinrich Chrannest 1305-07 Dietrich von Kahlenberg 1307 Heinrich von d. ...

See also

• Districts of Vienna
• History of Austria
• Vindomina