|
This entry concerns the history of ornamental gardening considered as an amenity of civilized life, as a vehicle for style, for conspicuous show and even an expression of philosophy. Image File history File links Broom_icon. ...
See also subsistence gardening, the art and craft of growing plants, considered as a circumscribed form of individual agriculture. A gardener Gardening is the practice of growing flowering plants, vegetables, and fruits. ...
Though cultivation of plants for food long predates history, the earliest evidence for ornamental gardens is seen in Egyptian tomb paintings of the 1500s BC; they depict lotus ponds surrounded by rows of acacias and palms. The other ancient gardening tradition is of Persia: Darius the Great was said to have had a "paradise garden" and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon were renowned as a Wonder of the World. Persian influences extended to post-Alexander's Greece: around 350 BC there were gardens at the Academy of Athens, and Theophrastus, who wrote on botany, was supposed to have inherited a garden from Aristotle. Epicurus also had a garden where he walked and taught, and bequeathed it to Hermarchus of Mytilene. Alciphron also mentions private gardens. Divisions Green algae Chlorophyta Charophyta Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Marchantiophyta—liverworts Anthocerotophyta—hornworts Bryophyta—mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) †Rhyniophyta—rhyniophytes †Zosterophyllophyta—zosterophylls Lycopodiophyta—clubmosses †Trimerophytophyta—trimerophytes Pteridophyta—ferns and horsetails Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta—seed ferns Pinophyta—conifers Cycadophyta—cycads Ginkgophyta—ginkgo Gnetophyta—gnetae Magnoliophyta—flowering plants...
The title page to The Historians History of the World. ...
This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...
Centuries: 17th century BC - 16th century BC - 15th century BC Decades: 1550s BC 1540s BC 1530s BC 1520s BC 1510s BC - 1500s BC - 1490s BC 1480s BC 1470s BC 1460s BC 1450s BC The element Mercury has been discovered in Egyptian tombs dating from this decade. ...
Species About 50 species, including: Nymphaea alba - European White Water-lily Nymphaea amazonium Nymphaea ampla Nymphaea blanda Nymphaea caerulea - Egyptian Blue Water-lily Nymphaea calliantha Nymphaea candida Nymphaea capensis - Cape Blue Water-lily Nymphaea citrina Nymphaea colorata Nymphaea elegans Nymphaea fennica Nymphaea flavovirens Nymphaea gardneriana Nymphaea gigantea - Australian Water-lily...
Two people reflected in a fish pond A pond is typically a man made body of water smaller than a lake. ...
Species About 1,300; see List of Acacia species Acacia is a genus of shrubs and trees belonging to the subfamily Mimosoideae of the family Fabaceae, first described in Africa by the Swedish botanist Linnaeus in 1773. ...
Genera Many; see list of Arecaceae genera Arecaceae (also known as Palmae or Palmaceae), the palm family, is a family of flowering plants, belonging to the monocot order Arecales. ...
The Persians of Iran (officially named Persia by West until 1935 while still referred to as Persia by some) are an Iranian people who speak Persian (locally named Fârsi by native speakers) and often refer to themselves as ethnic Iranians as well. ...
Seal of Darius I, showing the king hunting on his chariot, and the symbol of Ahuramazda Darius the Great (Pers. ...
The Paradise garden is a form of garden, originally just paradise, a word derived from the Avestan language, or Old Persian. ...
Gardens of Semiramis, 20th century interpretation Hanging Garden, Assyrian interpretation The Hanging Gardens of Babylon (also known as Hanging Gardens of Semiramis) and the walls of Babylon (near present-day Al Hillah in Iraq) are considered one of the original Seven Wonders of the World. ...
The seven wonders of the world are usually taken to be the seven wonders of the ancient world, the name of a list of the most impressive achievements of ancient civilizations in the east of the Mediterranean world. ...
Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 400s BC 390s BC 380s BC 370s BC 360s BC - 350s BC - 340s BC 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC 300s BC 355 BC 354 BC 353 BC 352 BC 351 BC - 350 BC - 349 BC 348 BC 347...
Raphaels fresco The School of Athens An academy is an institution of higher learning, research, or honorary membership. ...
Athens is the largest and the capital city of Greece, located in the Attica periphery. ...
Theophrastus (Greek ΘεόφÏαστος, 370 — about 285 BC), a native of Eressos in Lesbos, was the successor of Aristotle in the Peripatetic school. ...
Pinguicula grandiflora Example of a Cross Section of a Stem [1] Botany is the scientific study of plant life. ...
Aristotle (Greek: Aristotélēs) (384 BC – 322 BC) was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. ...
Epicurus (Greek ) (341 BC, Samos – 270 BC, Athens) was an ancient Greek philosopher and the founder of Epicureanism, a popular school of thought in Hellenistic Philosophy that spanned about 600 years. ...
Hermarchus (in Greek EÏμαÏχoÏ‚), sometimes, but incorrectly, written Hermachus. ...
Mytilene (Greek: Μυτιλήνη - MytilÃni, Turkish: Midilli), also Mytilini, is the capital city of Lesbos (formerly known as Lesbos but the modern name is Mytilene), a Greek island in the Aegean Sea, and the Lesbos Prefecture as well. ...
Alciphron, Greek rhetorician, was probably a contemporary of Lucian (2nd century A.D.). He was the author of a collection of fictitious letters, of which 124 (118 complete and 6 fragments) have been published; they are written in the purest Attic dialect and are considered models of style. ...
The most influential ancient gardens in the western world were the Ptolemy's gardens at Alexandria and the gardening tradition brought to Rome by Lucullus. Wall paintings in Pompeii attest to elaborate development later, and the wealthiest of Romans built enormous gardens, many of whose ruins are still to be seen, such as at Hadrian's Villa. Lucius Licinius Lucullus (c. ...
Salle des illustres, ceiling painting, by Jean André Rixens. ...
Pompeii is a ruined Roman city near modern Naples in the Italian region of Campania, in the territory of the comune of Pompei. ...
The villas recreation of Canopus, a resort near Alexandria, as seen from the temple of Serapis Theatrical masks of Tragedy and Comedy in refined mosaic, from the villa (Capitoline Museum, Rome) The Villa of the Emperor Hadrian at Tivoli, Italy, even in ruined condition is one of the most...
Byzantium and Moorish Spain kept garden traditions alive after the 4th century. By this time a separate gardening tradition had arisen in China, which was transmitted to Japan, where it developed into aristocratic miniature landscapes centered on ponds and separately into the severe Zen gardens of temples.
In Europe, gardening revived in Languedoc and the Ile-de-France in the 13th century, and in the Italian villa gardens of the early Renaissance. French parterres developed at the end of the 16th century and reached high development under Andre le Notre. English landscape gardens opened a new perspective in the 18th century. Painting of André Le Nôtre by Carlo Maratti André Le Nôtre (March 12, 1613 - September 15, 1700) was a landscape architect and the gardener of king Louis XIV of France from 1645 to 1700. ...
The 19th century saw a welter of historical revivals and Romantic cottage-inspired gardening, as well as the rise of flower gardens, which became dominant in home gardening in the 20th century. A flower garden is a form of garden usually grown for decorative purposes, centering primarily on the kinds of flowers produced by the plants involved. ...
20th century gardening expanded into city planning.
 The Eolia Italian Garden, in Waterford, Connecticut Download high resolution version (1098x138, 85 KB)Eolia Italian Garden, Waterford, Conn. ...
Download high resolution version (1098x138, 85 KB)Eolia Italian Garden, Waterford, Conn. ...
[edit] The historical development of garden styles
[edit] Ancient Near East Gardens of Semiramis, 20th century interpretation Hanging Garden, Assyrian interpretation The Hanging Gardens of Babylon (also known as Hanging Gardens of Semiramis) and the walls of Babylon (near present-day Al Hillah in Iraq) are considered one of the original Seven Wonders of the World. ...
[edit] Assyrian hunting parks and Persian paradise gardens The Paradise garden is a form of garden, originally just paradise, a word derived from the Avestan language, or Old Persian. ...
[edit] Egyptian temple courts - Royalty, most likely that found in Egypt, was probably also very instrumental in the development of the garden, much as royalty and the privileged classes throughout the centuries have continued to influence the design and actualization of gardens.
Members of the royal family shared amongst the Commonwealth Realms. ...
[edit] Hellenistic and Roman gardens It is curious that although the Egyptians and Romans both gardened with vigor, the Greeks did not own private gardens. They did put gardens around temples and they adorned walkways and roads with statues, but the ornate and pleasure gardens that demonstrated wealth in the other communities is seemingly absent. Part maybe that blank areas in the historic landscape were assumed just that : blank. No one bothered to look for pollen or evidence of gardens. Part maybe that the modern technology is only just emerging, but the predominance of knowledge is that they just did not bother with gardens. - Roman gardens had many characteristics in common with contemporary gardens. The garden was a place of peace and tranquillity, a refuge from urban life, and was invested with religious and symbolic meanings. Ornamental horticulture became highly developed during the development of Roman civilisation. The administrators of the Roman Empire (c.100 BC - AD 500) actively exchanged information on agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry, hydraulics, and botany. Seeds and plants were widely shared. The Gardens of Lucullus (Horti Lucullani) on the Pincian Hill on the edge of Rome introduced the Persian garden to Europe, about 60 BC.
- Byzantine gardens
Roman gardens Roman gardens were inspired by Greek gardens and ornamental horticulture became highly developed during the development of Roman civilisation. ...
Byzantium undoubtedly occupies an important place in the history of garden design. ...
[edit] Islamic gardens Turkish Gardens The term Turkish gardens can be used to mean either gardens made in Turkey, which includes Byzantine gardens or gardens made under the influence of Turkish culture. As a nomadic people, originating in East Asia, the Turks did not have a native tradition of making gardens. ...
Art depicting two men in a Persian Garden Persian Gardens refers to a tradition and style of garden design which originated in Persia, modernday Iran. ...
// Mughal garden The term Mughal gardens is used to describe the gardens made in India during the period of the Mughal Empire. ...
Spain has a long tradition of making gardens. ...
[edit] Chinese and Japanese gardens - 'Hill-and-Pond' gardens of China and Japan. Both Chinese and Japanese garden design traditionally is intended to evoke the natural landscape of mountains and rivers. However, the intended viewpoint of the gardens differs: Chinese gardens were intended to be viewed from within the garden and are intended as a setting for everyday life. Japanese gardens, with a few exceptions, were intended to be viewed from within the house, sort of like a diorama. Additionally, Chinese gardens more often included a water feature, while Japanese gardens, set in a wetter climate, would often get by with the suggestion of water. (Such as sand or pebbles raked into a wave pattern.) Traditional Chinese gardens are also more likely to treat the plants in a naturalistic way, while traditional Japanese gardens might feature plants sheared into mountain shapes. This contrasts with the handling of stone elements: in a Japanese garden, stones are placed in groupings as part of the landscape, but in a Chinese garden, a particularly choice stone might even be placed on a pedestal in a prominent location so that it might be more easily appreciated.
- Zen garden of Japan.
A diorama is any of the two display devices mentioned below. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
[edit] European gardens: Medieval Medieval Gardening // For the purposes of this article medieval will be considered to span from 400 to 1400, though earlier and later references are acceptable with justification, and gardening shall be considered the deliberate cultivation of plants herbs, fruits, flowers, or vegetables. ...
The Annunciation - Convent of San Marco, Florence Hortus Conclusus is a Latin term, meaning literally closed off garden, and is an attribute of Medieval and Renaissance art in images of the Virgin Mary. ...
[edit] European gardens: Italian Renaissance - The Italian Renaissance inspired a revolution in gardening. Renaissance gardens were full of scenes from ancient mythology and other learned allusions. Water during this time was especially symbolic: it was associated with fertility and the abundance of nature.
 The Medici Villa Petraia, near Florence, laid out by Niccolò Tribolo, epitomizes the Italian garden of the early Renaissance, before the grander architectural schemes of the 16th century The Italian Renaissance began the opening phase of the Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement in Europe that spanned the period from the end of the 14th century to about 1600, marking the transition between Medieval and Early Modern Europe. ...
See also subsistence gardening, the art and craft of growing plants, considered as a circumscribed form of individual agriculture. ...
Download high resolution version (1000x600, 271 KB)Lunette illustrating the Medici Villa Petraia, near Florence The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ...
Download high resolution version (1000x600, 271 KB)Lunette illustrating the Medici Villa Petraia, near Florence The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ...
Niccolò di Raffaello di Niccolò dei Pericoli, called Il Tribolo (1500–September 7, 1550) was a Florentine Mannerist artist in the service of Cosimo I de Medici. ...
[edit] European gardens: French Baroque - Baroque French gardens of André Le Nôtre and followers.
Characterized by a centrally positioned building, elaborate parterres, radiating axis, fountains, basins and canals. Gardens of this typology are also designed with an interest in mathematics and science. Perspective is highly designed for to create a sense of power for the owner.
[edit] European gardens: Anglo-Dutch gardens - Anglo-Dutch formalgardens
[edit] Landscape gardens The English Grounds of Wörlitz were one of the largest English parks in 18th-century Europe. ...
The Palladian bridge in Prior Park in Bath The English Grounds of Wörlitz were one of the largest English parks in 18th-century Europe. ...
[edit] Romantic gardens
[edit] Picturesque gardens
[edit] 'Gardenesque' gardens The 'Gardenesque' style of English garden design evolved during the 1820s from Humphry Repton's Picturesque or 'Mixed' style, largely under the impetus of J. C. Loudon, who invented the term. John Claudius Loudon (April 8, 1783 - 1843) was a Scottish botanist. ...
In a Gardenesque plan, all the trees, shrubs and other plants are positioned and managed in such a way that the character of each plant can be displayed to its full potential. With the spread of botany as a suitable avocation for the enlightened, the Gardenesque tended to emphasize botanical curiosities and a collector's approach. New plant material that would have seemed bizarre and alien in earlier gardening found settings: Pampas grass from Argentina and Monkey-puzzle trees. Winding paths linked scattered plantings. The Gardenesque approach involved the creation of small-scale landscapes, dotted with features and vignettes, to promote beauty of detail, variety and mystery, sometimes to the detriment of coherence. Artificial mounds helped to stage groupings of shrubs, and island beds became prominent features.
[edit] Pattern gardens: revived parterres
[edit] "Wild" gardens and herbaceous borders The books of William Robinson describing his own "wild" gardening at Gravetye Manor, Sussex, and the sentimental picture of a rosy, idealized "cottage garden" of the kind pictured by Kate Greenaway, which had scarcely existed historically, both influenced the development of the mixed herbaceous borders that were advocated by Gertrude Jekyll from the 1890s. Her plantings, which mixed shrubs with perennial and annual plants and bulbs in deep beds within more formal structures of terraces and stairs designed by Edwin Lutyens, set the model for high-style, high-maintenance gardening until the Second World War. Vita Sackville-West's garden at Sissinghurst Castle, Kent is the most famous and influential garden of this last blossoming of romantic style, publicized by the gardener's own gardening column in The Observer. In the last quarter of the 20th century, less structured Wildlife gardening emphasized the ecological framework of similar gardens using native plants. William Robinson (1838 - 1935) was a practical gardener and journalist whose ideas about wild gardens spurred the movement that is still recognized as the English cottage garden, an outgrowth of the British Arts and Crafts movement. ...
Kate Greenaway (Catherine Greenaway) ( London, March 17, 1846 - November 6, 1901) was a childrens book illustrator and writer. ...
Gertrude Jekyll (1843–1932) was an influential British garden designer, writer, and artist who created over 400 gardens in the UK, Europe and the USA. She also contributed over 1,000 articles to Country Life, The Garden and other magazines. ...
Edwin Lutyens Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens, OM, KCIE, PRA (29 March 1869 – 1 January 1944) was a leading 20th century British architect who is known for imaginatively adapting traditional architectural styles to the requirements of his era. ...
Vita Sackville-West Vita Sackville-West (March 9, 1892 – June 2, 1962) was an English poet, novelist and gardener. ...
A photograph of Sissinghurst towers. ...
Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...
Wildlife gardening is a school of gardening that is aimed at creating an environment that is attractive to various forms of wildlife such as birds, amphibians, reptiles, insects, mammals and so on. ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
[edit] Modern gardens Cottage gardens are attributed to English origin and are typically random and carefree in form. ...
[edit] Historic gardeners The following names, roughly in historical order, made contributions that affected the history of gardens, whether as botanist explorers, designers, garden-makers, or writers. Further information on them will be found under their individual entries. Theophrastus (Greek ΘεόφÏαστος, 370 — about 285 BC), a native of Eressos in Lesbos, was the successor of Aristotle in the Peripatetic school. ...
Lucius Licinius Lucullus (c. ...
Tiberius Caesar Augustus, born Tiberius Claudius Nero (November 16, 42 BC – March 16 AD 37), was the second Roman Emperor, from the death of Augustus in AD 14 until his own death in 37. ...
Pliny the Elder: an imaginative 19th Century portrait. ...
John Tradescant the elder (ca 1570s – 15/16 April, 1638), father of John Tradescant the younger, was an English naturalist, gardener, collector and traveller, probably born in Suffolk, England. ...
John Tradescant the younger Ester, his second wife John Tradescant the Younger (1608–1662), son of John Tradescant the elder, was a botanist and gardener, born in Meopham, Kent. ...
Charles de LEcluse or Carolus Clusius (Arras, February 19, 1525 - Leiden April 4, 1609) was the Flemish doctor and pioneering botanist, perhaps the most influential of all 16th century scientific horticulturists. ...
Painting of André Le Nôtre by Carlo Maratti André Le Nôtre (March 12, 1613 - September 15, 1700) was a landscape architect and the gardener of king Louis XIV of France from 1645 to 1700. ...
Thomas Hill (1818 - 1891) was an American clergyman and educator. ...
John Evelyn. ...
George London could refer to two different people: George London: American operatic baritone George London: Landscape architect. ...
Henry Wise (1653 - 1738) was an English gardener and landscape architect apprenticed to George London at Brompton Nursery. ...
William Kent William Kent (born in Bridlington, Yorkshire, c. ...
Capability Brown, by Nathaniel Dance, ca. ...
Notable gardeners Luis Barragán Geoffrey Bawa Lancelot Capability Brown Charles de lÉcluse Esther Dean Charlie Dimmock A. J. Downing Ian Hamilton Finlay Bob Flowerdew Pippa Greenwood C. Z. Guest Robert Hart Michael Heseltine Hotsukimaru Derek Jarman Thomas Jefferson Gertrude Jekyll William Kent André Le Nôtre Peter Joseph...
Andrew Jackson Downing (born October 31, 1815 - died July 28, 1852) was an American landscape designer and writer from Newburgh, New York and the editor and publisher of The Horticulturist magazine. ...
Frederick Law Olmsted (April 26, 1822 – August 28, 1903) was a United States landscape architect, famous for designing many well-known urban parks, including Central Park and Prospect Park in New York City. ...
Bamboo foliage with black stems (probably Phyllostachys nigra; a bamboo introduced into western cultivation by Loddiges Nursery) The Loddiges family (not uncommonly mis-spelt Loddige) managed one of the most notable of the eighteenth and nineteenth century plant nurseries that traded in and introduced exotic plants, trees, shrubs, ferns, plams...
John Claudius Loudon (April 8, 1783 - 1843) was a Scottish botanist. ...
Peter Joseph Lenné (29 September 1789 — 23 January 1866) was a Prussian gardener and landscape architect from Bonn who worked in the German classicist style. ...
Sir Joseph Paxton (1803–1865) was an English gardener and architect of The Crystal Palace. ...
Thomas Jefferson (13 April 1743 N.S.–4 July 1826) was the third President of the United States (1801–09), the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and one of the most influential Founding Fathers for his promotion of the ideals of Republicanism in the United States. ...
William Robinson (1838 - 1935) was a practical gardener and journalist whose ideas about wild gardens spurred the movement that is still recognized as the English cottage garden, an outgrowth of the British Arts and Crafts movement. ...
Gertrude Jekyll (1843–1932) was an influential British garden designer, writer, and artist who created over 400 gardens in the UK, Europe and the USA. She also contributed over 1,000 articles to Country Life, The Garden and other magazines. ...
Constance Villiers-Stuart C.M. Villiers-Stuart (1877-1966) was an English author and water-colour painter. ...
Lawrence Johnston was an American-born British soldier and garden creator. ...
Edwin Lutyens Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens, OM, KCIE, PRA (29 March 1869 – 1 January 1944) was a leading 20th century British architect who is known for imaginatively adapting traditional architectural styles to the requirements of his era. ...
Vita Sackville-West Vita Sackville-West (March 9, 1892 – June 2, 1962) was an English poet, novelist and gardener. ...
Russell Page (1906-1985) was a British landscape architect and garden designer. ...
Luis Barragán (1902-1988), one of the most important Mexican architects of the 20th century. ...
Gustav Ammann (1885 - 1955) was a well-known Swiss landscape architect who worked in the modernist style. ...
Lawrence Halprin (born July 1, 1916 in New York City) is a prolific and accomplished American landscape architect and educator. ...
Roberto Burle Marx (August 4th, 1909, São Paulo - June 4th, 1994, Rio de Janeiro) was a Brazillian landscape designer (besides being a painter, ecologist and naturalist) whose designs of parks and gardens made him world famous. ...
Sylvia Crowe (b. ...
Gerard Ciołek (1909-1966), a Polish architect, and the leading European historian of parks and gardens. ...
[edit] Notable historic gardens Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 205 pixelsFull resolution (7540 × 1936 pixel, file size: 11. ...
Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 205 pixelsFull resolution (7540 × 1936 pixel, file size: 11. ...
Powerscourt House is part of an estate in Enniskerry, County Wicklow, which is noted for its vast and landscaped gardens, today occupying 47 acres, including a golf course. ...
Statistics Province: Leinster County Town: Wicklow Code: WW Area: 2,024 km² Population (2007) 114,676 Website: www. ...
Suzhou (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; ancient name: å³) is a city on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and on the shores of Lake Taihu in the province of Jiangsu, China. ...
The Summer Palace in Beijing The Summer Palace (pinyin: Yiheyuan, 颐和园) is a palace in Beijing, China. ...
[edit] England Chatsworth may mean: Chatsworth House Chatsworth, Ontario, Canada Chatsworth, Georgia Chatsworth, California Chatsworth, Illinois Chatsworth, Iowa Chatsworth, New Jersey Chatsworth, Durban, South Africa This is a disambiguation page, a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title. ...
Fountains Abbey in North Yorkshire, England, is a ruined Cistercian monastery, founded in 1132. ...
Hidcote Manor Garden is a garden located on the outskirts of the village of Hidcote Bartrim, near Chipping Campden, Gloucestershire, England and owned by the National Trust. ...
The Jungle The Lost Gardens of Heligan, near Mevagissey in Cornwall, are one of the most popular botanical gardens in the UK. Originally the gardens were part of the estate owned by the Cornish Tremayne family. ...
...
The Temple of Apollo high on a hill overlooking the gardens. ...
The south or garden front of Stowe from Jones Views of the Seats of Noblemen and Gentlemen (1819). ...
[edit] France The central range of Fontainebleau The Royal Chateau of Fontainebleau (in the Seine-et-Marne d partement), the largest of the French royal chateaux, introduced to France the Italian Mannerist style in interior decoration and in gardens, and transformed them in the translation. ...
At the Chateau of Marly Louis XIV of France escaped from the formal rigors he had constructed at Versailles. ...
Villandry in the departement of Indre-et-Loire is the lands known as Colombier until the 17th century where an ancient fortress once stood. ...
Ermenonville is a town and commune 45 kilometers North-East of Paris, in the Oise département of France. ...
Giverny (IPA ) is a village and commune of the Eure département, in France. ...
The Château de Versailles, or simply Versailles, is a royal château in Versailles, France. ...
Vaux-le-vicomte was in many ways the most important work built before Louis XIV came to power. ...
The Shalimar Gardens in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India during the summer The Shalimar Gardens (Urdu: شالیمار باغ) are the largest of the three Mughal gardens built by the Mughal emperor Jahangir, in the lake city of Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. ...
Gardens of Semiramis, 20th century interpretation Hanging Garden, Assyrian interpretation The Hanging Gardens of Babylon (also known as Hanging Gardens of Semiramis) and the walls of Babylon (near present-day Al Hillah in Iraq) are considered one of the original Seven Wonders of the World. ...
[edit] Ireland Powerscourt Estate, near Enniskerry, County Wicklow, is a large country estate which is noted for its house and landscaped gardens, today occupying 47 acres. ...
Bomarzo is a town and comune of Viterbo province (Lazio, central Italy), in the lower valley of the Tiber at 42°29′N 12°15′E, 263 m (863 ft) above mean sea level, with 1609 inhabitants according to the 2003 census. ...
The villas recreation of Canopus, a resort near Alexandria, as seen from the temple of Serapis Theatrical masks of Tragedy and Comedy in refined mosaic, from the villa (Capitoline Museum, Rome) The Villa of the Emperor Hadrian at Tivoli, Italy, even in ruined condition is one of the most...
Park of the Villa dEste, Carl Blechen, 1830 The gardens at the Villa dEste The Villa dEste is a masterpiece of Italian architecture and garden design. ...
[edit] Netherlands Het Loo and its gardens, more ambitious than they were actually executed, in an early 18th century engraving (watercolor added) The former royal residence Het Loo near Apeldoorn, Netherlands, was built starting in 1684 for the Stadtholder Willem, known to English-language readers as William III of Orange and his...
[edit] Pakistan The Shalimar Gardens, sometimes written Shalamar Gardens, were built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in Lahore, Pakistan. ...
[edit] Poland This article discusses Arcadia, a region of Greece. ...
Baranów Sandomierski is a small town in southern Poland, in the Subcarpathian Voivodship, Tarnobrzeg County on the Vistula River. ...
Krasiczyn is a town in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland. ...
The castle in Åazienki Park Åazienki Park (Polish Park Åazienkowski or simply Åazienki) is considered by many to be one of the most beautiful urban public parks in Warsaw with many classical monuments. ...
Motto: Contemnit procellas (It defies the storms) Semper invicta (Always invincible) Coordinates: , Country Poland Voivodeship Masovia Powiat city county Gmina Warszawa Districts 18 boroughs City Rights turn of the 13th century Government - Mayor Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz (PO) Area - City 516. ...
Fürst-Pückler-Park, Bad Muskau The Fürst-Pückler-Park, Muskauer Park, Park von Muskau, or Park Mużakowski is the biggest English-style park of Germany and Poland. ...
In mid-17th century Swedish invasion rolled through the country in the turbulent time known as The Deluge (potop). ...
Motto: Contemnit procellas (It defies the storms) Semper invicta (Always invincible) Coordinates: , Country Poland Voivodeship Masovia Powiat city county Gmina Warszawa Districts 18 boroughs City Rights turn of the 13th century Government - Mayor Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz (PO) Area - City 516. ...
Wilanów Palace together with its park and buildings is one of the most precious monuments of Polish national culture. ...
[edit] Russia View of Kuskovo in 1839 Kuskovo is an extensive estate, or manor, of the Counts Sheremetev, originally situated several miles to the east of Moscow but now forming a part of the East District of that city. ...
Pavlovsk (Russian: ) is a town situated in Russia, 30 km from and under jurisdiction of St. ...
Peterhof: the Samson Fountain and Sea Channel Peterhof (Russian: , Petergof, originally Piterhof, Dutch for Peters Court) is a series of palaces and gardens, laid out on the orders of Peter the Great, and sometimes called the Russian Versailles. It is located about twenty kilometers west and six kilometers south...
The Summer Palace is the name of three Russian royal residences in St Petersburg, of which only one survives to the present. ...
The Alhambra (Arabic: الØمراء = Al-ĦamrÄ; literally the red) is a palace and fortress complex of the Moorish monarchs of Granada, in southern Spain (known as Al-Andalus when the fortress was constructed), occupying a hilly terrace on the south-eastern border of the city of Granada. ...
[edit] Ukraine
[edit] United States Central Park is a large public, urban park (843 acres, 3. ...
Dumbarton Oaks is a nineteenth-century mansion located in the Georgetown section of Washington, DC. It houses the Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, a leading center for scholarship in Byzantine studies, Pre-Columbian studies and the history of landscape architecture. ...
[edit] References - J. S. Berrall. The Garden: An Illustrated History
- Ciolek, Gerard. "Ogrody polskie" [Gardens of Poland]. Revised edition of the 1954 publication under the same title, updated and expanded by Janusz Bogdanowski. Warszawa: Arkady (1978).
- Carroll, Maureen. "Earthly Paradises: Ancient Gardens in History and Archaeology" (London, British Museum Press 2003)
- Engel, David. Creating a Chinese Garden, Timber Press, 1986.
- E. Hyams. A History of Gardens and Gardening (1971)
- Tom Turner. "Garden history: philosophy and design 2000 BC to 2000 AD" (Spon, London, 2005)
Tom Turner is an English landscape architect and garden historian teaching at the University of Greenwich in London. ...
[edit] See also Garden design is the art and process of designing the layout and planting of domestic gardens and landscapes. ...
Central Park, like all parks, is an example of landscape architecture. ...
Landscape Institute The UK professional body for landscape architects. ...
The Museum of Garden History is based in the deconsecrated parish church of St Mary-at-Lambeth adjacent to Lambeth Palace on the south bank of the River Thames in London. ...
Formed in 1980, the Australian Garden History Society (AGHS) is an Australian history society dedicated to the study of Australian garden history and the conservation of significant landscapes and historic gardens. ...
[edit] External links |
Feeds |
Contact