Encyclopedia > History of merit badges (Boy Scouts of America)
 BSA Merit Badge Samples: Gardening, Type A (center); Fish & Wildlife Management, Type J (upper right); Citizenship In The Home, Type E (lower right); Collections, Type H (lower left); Camping, Type D (upper left). -
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- See also: Merit badge (Boy Scouts of America) for a history of individual merit badges.
The Boy Scouts of America (BSA) issue merit badges that have historically been produced in several merit badge types. In addition to the BSA, many other Scouting and Scouting-like organizations around the world, such as Pathfinders and Royal Rangers, issue merit badges or their equivalent. Some Pathfinder groups call these badges honors. Other organizations, such as fire brigades, issue badges or awards that they refer to as merit badges, but that are in some respects different from the badges awarded by the BSA. Image File history File links OpeningGroup. ...
Image File history File links OpeningGroup. ...
A sample merit badge sash: From left to right, starting at top; 1 Swimming, Mammal Study, Environmental Science; 2 Basketry, Wood Carving, Dog Care; 3 Wilderness Survival, Emergency Prepardness, Bird Study; 4 Public Speaking, Scholarship, Law; 5 Rifle Shooting, Archery, Metalwork; 6 Fish and Wildlife Management, Citizenship in the Nation...
The Boy Scouts of America(BSA) is an organization designed for boys between the ages of seven and eighteen, and for both young men and women between the ages of 14 and 21, based in the United States of America, with some presence in other countries. ...
A sample merit badge sash: From left to right, starting at top; 1 Swimming, Mammal Study, Environmental Science; 2 Basketry, Wood Carving, Dog Care; 3 Wilderness Survival, Emergency Prepardness, Bird Study; 4 Public Speaking, Scholarship, Law; 5 Rifle Shooting, Archery, Metalwork; 6 Fish and Wildlife Management, Citizenship in the Nation...
Scouting is a worldwide youth organization. ...
Pathfinders is a community service oriented youth organization of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, open to all children from fifth to eighth grade and up. ...
Royal Rangers is a worldwide ministry of the Assemblies of God designed to provide young people with exciting activities while teaching them a deep-rooted belief in God and his son Jesus Christ in accordance with the beliefs of the founders religious denomination. ...
Firefighter in full turn out gear with a pickhead axe. ...
Merit badges have been an integral part of the Scouting program since the start of the movement in Great Britain in 1908. Scouting came to the United States in 1910; the BSA quickly issued an initial list of just 14 merit badges, but did not produce or award them. In 1911, the BSA manufactured the first official 57 merit badges and began awarding them.[1] The number of badges available has been as high as 140 and, as of 2005, is 120. Merit badge types are identifiable by the cloth and manufacturing process used to make them. The classification of badges into types came about as a way for collectors to categorize and classify their collections. Merit badge collectors often collect other Scouting memorabilia as well. Look up Collection on Wiktionary, the free dictionary In common usage, a collection is any group of items that has one or more properties in common, usually brought together for some specific purpose. ...
Scouting memorabilia collecting is the hobby (and in many cases, the study) of preserving and cataloguing Boy Scouting and Girl Guiding items for their historic, esthetic and monetary value. ...
The purpose of merit badges Merit badges exist to encourage Scouts to explore areas that interest them and to teach them valuable skills in Scoutcraft. The award of merit badges sometimes leads to careers and lifelong hobbies.[2] Scouts earn a merit badge by satisfying specified criteria; a Court of Honor is then held to present the badge. Scouts can earn badges at any point in their Scouting career, although this was not always the case — in the 1960s, Scouts first had to earn the rank of Second Class Scout before being allowed to work on and earn badges.[3] The higher ranks of Star, Life, and Eagle require merit badges be earned. Certain badges are mandatory to receive these higher ranks. For a few years during the 1980s and 90s, "First Aid" merit badge was a requirement for the First Class Scout rank.[4] Other mandatory badges include "Citizenship in the Community" and "Emergency Preparedness" (see full list). The number of merit badges required for each of these higher ranks has varied historically, as has the ratio of mandatory merit badges and non-mandatory badges for those ranks.[5] As of 2005, Scouts must earn a total of 21 merit badges for the Eagle Scout rank, 12 of which must be from the mandatory list. Once Scouts attains the Eagle rank, they can earn Eagle Palms, a core requirement of which is earning more merit badges. Scoutcraft is a term coined by the Boy Scouts of America (BSA). ...
In the U.S. Boy Scouts of America (BSA), a Court of Honor is a ceremony held to present scouts with awards they have earned. ...
Second Class Scout is a rank attainable by a Scout in the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) and ranks above Tenderfoot and below First Class. ...
Star Scout is a rank attainable by a Scout in the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) and ranks above First class and below Life. ...
Star Scout is a rank attainable by a Scout in the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) and ranks above First class and below Life. ...
Eagle Scout is the highest rank attainable by a scout in the Boy Scouts of America (BSA), and is also used as a title of a scout who has achieved this honor. ...
First aid is a series of simple, life-saving medical techniques that a non-doctor or layman can be trained to perform. ...
First Class Scout rank badge First Class Scout is a rank attainable by a Scout in the Boy Scouts of America (BSA), and ranks above Second class and below Star. ...
Youth members of the Boy Scouts of America, a U.S.-based organisation, may earn awards based on activities within an area of study. ...
Eagle Palms are the final distinctions of rank beyond Eagle Scout in the Boy Scouts of America. ...
Badge history The BSA changes the design, name, and availability of merit badges depending on various factors such as their popularity, shifts in the focus of the Scouting program, and changes in society.[6] Of the original 57 merit badges from 1911, only 11 are still available that also still have the same basic design motif (Architecture, Art, Athletics, Chemistry, First Aid, Lifesaving, Music, Plumbing, Public Health, Scholarship, and Surveying). Of those 11, only five were made available in each "generation" of the 10 merit badge types (these are Architecture, Art, Chemistry, Plumbing, and Public Health). The remaining six were not reproduced in a short lived "generation" of merit badges, Type I. 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ...
Architecture (classical [[Greek ) is the art and science of designing buildings and structures. ...
Art (or the creative arts) commonly refers to the act and process of making material works (or artworks) which, from concept to creation, hold a fidelity to the creative impulse —ie. ...
Athletics, also known, especially in American English, as track and field or track and field athletics, is a collection of sport events, which can roughly be divided into running, throwing, and jumping. ...
Chemistry (derived from the Arabic word kimia, alchemy, where al is Arabic for the) is the science of matter that deals with the composition, structure, and properties of substances and with the transformations that they undergo. ...
First aid is a series of simple, life-saving medical techniques that a non-doctor or layman can be trained to perform. ...
The RLSS Bronze Medallion Lifesaving is the saving of life through the prevention of accidents, personal survival and the rescue of others. ...
Music is an art, entertainment, or other human activity which involves organized and audible sound, though definitions vary. ...
Plumbing, from the Latin for lead (plumbum), is the trade of working with pipes for water, drainage and natural gas. ...
Public health is concerned with threats to the overall health of a community based on population health analysis. ...
A scholarship is an award of access to an institution or a financial aid award for an individual (a scholar) for the purposes of furthering their education. ...
Surveyor at work with a leveling instrument. ...
Examples of merit badge change due to the degree of popularity/interest in a subject include "Interpreting", which only existed from 1911-1952, when it was dropped; and "Genealogy" which was added in 1972 when great interest in that subject arose. Interpreting (or interpretation) is an activity that consists of establishing, either simultaneously or consecutively, oral or gestural communications between two or more speakers who are not speaking (or signing) the same language. ...
Genealogy the study and tracing of family pedigrees. ...
A good example of merit badges reflecting changes in the focus of the Scouting program is "Civics", which was originally the only citizenship-related merit badge. In 1952, the BSA placed more emphasis on this area by splitting "Civics" into four separate badges, which were in turn modified several times. Since 1991, the badges in this group are "Citizenship in the Community", "Citizenship in the Nation", "Citizenship in the World", and "Family Life", all of which are currently on the mandatory list for Eagle Scout. Civics is the science of comparative government and means of administering public trusts - the theory of governance as applied to state institutions. ...
The "First Aid to Animals" and "Plant Science" merit badges have both evolved due to societal changes. "First Aid to Animals" was one of the original merit badges in 1911 but was dropped because of its agricultural focus in 1972. It was resurrected as "Veterinary Science" in 1973 with a focus on small pet-type animals vs. farm animals. It was renamed "Veterinary Medicine" in 1995. Merging of merit badges can be seen in "Plant Science", into which all crop growing merit badges were merged in 1972 because American had changed from an agrarian society into and an urban/suburban society since the founding of the BSA. Veterinary medicine is the application of medical, diagnostic, and therapeutic principles to companion, domestic, exotic, wildlife, and production animals. ...
A farmer in Germany working the land in the traditional way, with horse and plough Agriculture is the process of producing food, feed, fiber and other desired products by the cultivation of certain plants and the raising of domesticated animals (livestock). ...
Urban area is a term used to define an area where there is an increased density of man-made structures in comparison to the areas surrounding it. ...
It has been suggested that Suburbia be merged into this article or section. ...
Sometimes the design of or requirements for a merit badge seem to change for no apparent reason. An example of this is "Personal Health", which was an original 1911 merit badge with a heart motif. In 1952 it became "Personal Fitness". In 1969 it was redesigned, displaying a youth in gym gear doing what looks like a jumping jack exercise. Currently, the BSA is "field testing" a Hunting merit badge, but it has not yet been released on a national basis.[7]
The merit badges on the mandatory list for Eagle rank have changed several times; however, "First Aid" is the only merit badge that has always been on the mandatory list for Eagle.
Types of merit badges As of 2005 and as described in Merit Badge Field Guide[8], there are 10 major types of merit badges: Types A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, and J.
Type A | Front/Reverse (Gardening) | Essential facts | Description |
 | Nickname: square Years of Issue:
1911–1933 Image File history File links Gardening_A_front. ...
Image File history File links Gardening_A_back. ...
| Background | Type A merit badges were manufactured in rolls and then cut into squares approximately 2" (5 cm) square, hence its nickname square. | | Front | The early "Gardening" badge shown here is often confused with "Corn Farming", which had three corn husks. Creases were created when these square badges were folded under by hand before being sewn onto a merit badge sash, which is worn over the right shoulder. Type A badges came from the manufacturer without the crease. Some people removed excess cloth before creasing them to make the merit badge round on the merit badge sash. These cut–down squares look similar to a Type C, but usually end up with straighter, yet uneven edges; whereas unaltered Type B, C, D, and E badges have a smooth circular edge. Also, Type A merit badges usually have lighter tan khaki cloth than a Type C badge. | | Reverse | Some Type A, B, and C badges bear black watermarks or partial watermarks of the the BSA emblem on the back as these were printed on the back of the rolls at certain intervals | Youth members of the Boy Scouts of America, a U.S.-based organisation, may earn awards based on activities within an area of study. ...
Type B | Front/Reverse (Public Health) | Essential facts | Description |
 | Nickname: wide border Years of Issue:
1934–1935 Image File history File links PublicHealth_B_front. ...
Image File history File links PublicHealth_B_back. ...
Unusually large size
| Background | Some Type B and C badges retained the same cloth color as Type A, but most came in a darker tan/brown cloth. | | Front | Type B merit badges were the first badges to be manufactured with a smooth, round shape, which the manufacturer produced by folding the badge's edge under the back and crimping it. Type C, D, and E badges were also manufactured in this manner, hence Types B–E are referred to as crimped. Type B badges have a diameter of 1 3/4" (44 mm) after crimping. Type B has a margin of 3/16" to 1/4" (5–6 mm) between the edge of the badge and the embroidered green ring; because this margin is wider than in the Type C badge, Type B is nicknamed wide border. | | Reverse | As with Type A, some Type B badges bear watermarks on the back. |
Type C | Front/Reverse (Civics) | Essential facts | Description |
 | Nickname: narrow border, narrow tan Years of Issue:
1936–1946 Image File history File links Civics_C_front. ...
Image File history File links Civics_C_back. ...
| Background | Type C merit badges were made from the same type of cloth as Type B badges, but were a little smaller in width. | | Front | The diameter of a Type C badge from outer edge to outer edge is about 1 1/2" (38 mm), with the distance from the crimp to the outer edge of the green ring being 1/8" (3 mm). Size is the only difference in a Types B and C; hence the nicknames narrow border and narrow tan. In fact, all Type C, D and E badges are the same size. Compare Types B and C side-by-side; the difference in the distance from the outer crimp edges to the green rings is obvious. Beginning with Type C, all merit badges have been made with a diameter of 1 1/2" (38 mm), except for a few Type I designs (see below). Most Type C badges were not made after 1942 (see Type D section below); only the Air Scout aviation blues, which came in four designs, were made in Type C from 1942–46. These had the standard Type C cloth, but were fully embroidered with blue backgrounds inside a blue ring. This is the only time badges were made with blue rings. | | Reverse | As with Type A, some Type C badges bear watermarks on the back. Type C, D, and E merit badges all have sizing on the back, which serves as a stiffener to help the badge retain its crimp. | Air scouts are members of the international Scouting movement, with a particular emphasis on flying-based activities. ...
Type D | Front/Reverse (Camping) | Essential facts | Description |
 | Nickname: fine twill, sand twill Years of Issue:
1942–1946 Image File history File links Camping_D_front. ...
Image File history File links Camping_D_back. ...
| Background | Type D merit badges were made from a lighter weight cloth with a much finer weave and lighter tan color than Type C badges because the heavier, thicker weave material that Type C badges were made from was needed to make uniforms needed during World War II. This is the only difference in a Type C and Type D. | | Front | Because of its finer weave twill material, Type D badges are called fine twill. Another name for them is sand twill because of their sandy color. The only Type C badges made during this era were the afore–mentioned Type C aviation–blues. Because sand twills were made for such a short time many decades ago; they are rather rare. | | Reverse | As with Type C, Type D badges have sizing on the back. | Combatants Allied Powers Axis Powers Commanders {{{commander1}}} {{{commander2}}} Strength {{{strength1}}} {{{strength2}}} Casualties 17 million military deaths 7 million military deaths World War II, also known as the Second World War (sometimes WW2 or WWII), was a mid-20th century conflict that engulfed much of the globe and is accepted as...
Type E | Front/Reverse (Dog Care) | Essential facts | Description | 
 | Nickname: khaki green, khaki Years of Issue:
1947–1960
Last type with crimped edges
| Background | Type E merit badges were made from the same material as Type C badges, but the color is a decidedly darker green, hence the nickname khaki green. This is the only difference in a Type C and Type E. | | Front | Serious collectors have Type B, C, D, and E merit badges recrimped to restore their original appearance as many badges lose their neat appearance over the years if the merit badge is not cared for properly. If a Type E badge has had significant washings or sun exposure it can be hard to tell from a Type C. | | Reverse | As with Type C, Type E badges have sizing on the back. |
Type F | Front/Reverse (Swimming) | Essential facts | Description |
 | Nickname: khaki twill, rolled edge twill Years of Issue:
1961–1968 Image File history File links Swimming_F_front. ...
Image File history File links Swimming_F_back. ...
Not all badges appeared in this type
| Background | Type F badges replaced the earlier crimped edge badges with a "rolled" edge, which is stitched around the outside to prevent unraveling. | | Front | Type F was introduced concurrently with Type G (see below), and both types were manufactured together for several years. The difference in the motif is that whereas Type F badges had a plain background, Type G badges were completely embroidered inside the green ring. Some badge motifs had been made this way since Type A; they moved directly to Type G and never appeared in Type F. | | Reverse | The BSA introduced an extra layer of cloth backing underneath the khaki cloth. Type F used gauze or cheese cloth and subsequent badge types used a fuller solid cloth backing. | Cheesecloth is a loosewoven cotton cloth, such as is used in pressing cheese curds. ...
Type G | Front/Reverse (Forage Crops) | Essential facts | Description |
 | Nickname: cloth back Years of Issue:
1961–1971 Image File history File links ForageCrops_G_front. ...
Image File history File links ForageCrops_G_back. ...
| Background | While all Type G badges have full embroidery inside the green ring, there were a few Type A, B, C, D, and E merit badges with full embroidery and hence do not exist as Type F merit badges; examples are: "Foundry Practice", "Grasses, Legumes, and Forage Crops" (later shortened to "Forage Crops"), "Farm Layout and Building Arrangement", and "Farm Home and its Planning". | | Front | In 1969, the BSA started issuing silver-bordered badges for those badges that were on the madatory list for Eagle rank. Silver–bordered badges appear in Type G, H, and J. Consequently, the border color of a badge will change when it goes on and off the mandatory list. A good example is "Camping" Type H, which had a green border from 1973–1977, yet silver border before and after that; so this particular green border "Camping" variety is fairly rare. | | Reverse | Type G badges were the first to appear with a full cloth backing hence the nickname cloth back. | This article is about the factory that makes castings of metal. ...
Varieties of soybean seeds, a popular legume A flowering legume (Lupin) The term legume has two closely related meanings in botany, a situation encountered with many botanical common names of useful plants whereby an applied name can refer to either the plant itself, or to the edible fruit (or useful...
Type H | Front/Reverse (Collections) | Essential facts | Description |
 | Nickname: plastic back Years of Issue:
1972–2002 Image File history File links Collections_H_front. ...
Image File history File links Collections_H_back. ...
| Background | Type H merit badges were the first badges made with a plastic–coated backing, hence the nickname plastic back. The plastic coating is most commonly clear, but is also found in a milky white color and from 1972 until about 1977 blue plastic–coated merit badges were often issued. The blue–coated badges are fairly rare since they were only made for a few years. On merit badges that have a blue embroidered background, it is extremely difficult to tell if the plastic coating is blue or clear. | | Front | Type G, H, I and J badges are all fully embroidered. As they were made for 30 years, Type H merit badges are by far the most common. | | Reverse | Type H and all subsequent badges have both the full cloth back of a Type G and a plastic coated backing as a stiffener. |
Type I | Front/Reverse (White Water) | Essential facts | Description |
 | Nickname: computer design Years of Issue:
1993–1995 Image File history File links Whitewater_I_front. ...
Image File history File links Whitewater_I_back. ...
| Background | Type I merit badges were designed using computers, hence the nickname computer design. The background stitching is flatter from that of Type G, H, and J badges and has the appearance of having punched holes, but the most obvious difference is in the green border––it is no longer rolled, but flat. | | Front | The BSA decided to phase in these badges beginning in 1993, but they were not very popular and were discontinued in 1995. Consequently, the BSA reverted to the Type H design for an additional seven years. Since Type I was never fully adopted, not all merit badges appear in Type I. In fact, only 30 varieties appear as Type I. So while not that old, they are also not that common. Another oddity is that some Type I badges were made in two sizes: 38mm and 42mm. Two different sizes of merit badges can not be lined up neatly on the same sash. Some merit badges that did appear as Type I only appear in 38mm, some as only 42mm, and some appeared in both sizes. None of the merit badges on the mandatory list for Eagle rank appeared as Type I. | | Reverse | There is a lockstitch and a brown ring stitched just inside the green ring on the obverse side of a Type I badge. | A computer is a machine capable of processing data according to a program — a list of instructions. ...
Type J | Front/Reverse (Fish and Wildlife Management) | Essential facts | Description |
 | Nickname: Scout Stuff Years of Issue:
2002–present Image File history File links FishAndWildlifeManagement_J_front. ...
Image File history File links FishAndWildlifeManagement_J_back. ...
| Background | The BSA started putting its supply division logo on all patches (ranks, position, numerals, etc) in 2002 to reduce counterfeiting and show support for the American labor force.[9] | | Front | The front of a Type J looks just like the front of Type H badges. | | Reverse | The only difference in a Type J merit badge and a Type H badge is that a Type J has some variation of the BSA Supply Division's Scout Stuff logo stamped on the back; hence the nickname "Scout Stuff". In the first few years the logo stamped on the back was not consistent in design. One of the early stamps was just a blue rectangle with the word Scout and a circular blue design inside it. The "Scout Stuff" design shown in the sample photo is now the standard. On a good specimen, a label reading BSA Supply Division and Scout Stuff is legible. |
Errors vs variations The visual appearance of a merit badge may change for several reasons. A "variation" is a minor change, whether intentional or not. A "manufacturing error" is a mistake or significant deviation from the BSA-approved badge design that occurs during production. A "design error" is when a badge is manufactured the way it was designed, but the design had a significant flaw.
Specimen variations Variations do not appreciably alter the badge's appearance or design. Two types of variations are positional changes and stitching changes. These are often caused by manufacturing variations and not classified separately. However, some variations have attained notoriety, such as the waffle weave weave variation found amongst Type C badges and the large people vs. slender people variations of "Family Life". Such variations were very common up until the 1940s and they still occur, but not as often. Some collectors find these variations interesting and collect them.
Examples of positional shifts amongst the objects comprising the motif of a merit badge include changes in the precise position of the tent vs the mountains among "Camping" Type H merit badges and similar shifts among the Scout, mountains, and clouds in "Hiking" Type H merit badges.
Stitch patterns are not always consistent. There are three known stitching variations among the Type C "Personal Health" merit badges: 'vertical heart', 'horizontal heart', and 'split heart'; which creates the appearance of a split down the middle of the heart. "Citizenship in the Nation" appears in both Type H and Type J with the colors in the order red/white/blue and blue/white/red; the reasons for this are unknown. Large and small bell varieties also exist. "Emergency Preparedness" was made with a red cross from 1972-1979 and then with a green cross beginning in 1980. This change was intentionally made. The color of the green ring is not consistent. Even today, it varies between dark green, medium green, light green, and yellow green. Emergency operations or Emergency preparedness is a set of doctrines to prepare civil society to cope with natural or man-made disasters. ...
Manufacturing errors Genuine manufacturing errors from the design do occur. Some "Atomic Energy" Type G badges were made without a nucleus. The only time a merit badge was made without a silver, green, or blue (aviation blues only) border was in 1987 when "White Water" Type H badges were made with a black border. "Dairying" appears in Type H with the cheese in both orange and burgundy. It is supposed to be orange. The neutrality of this article is disputed. ...
There have been at least three Type H badges made with little or no plastic; called plasticizing or Type G errors: "American Cultures", "Colonial Philadelphia", and "Journalism." The "Colonial Philadelphia" patch was only available from 1975–1976 to Scouts in the Philadelphia region and could only be used for Eagle Palms. This article very generally discusses the customs and culture of the United States; for the culture of the United States, see arts and entertainment in the United States. ...
Journalism is a discipline of collecting, verifying, analyzing and presenting information gathered regarding current events, including trends, issues and people. ...
"First Aid to Animals" (FATA) Type H was made in error with a silver border in 1972. This is one of the most famous errors. It has a slight blue tint in the plastic back (see photos). It is believed that only about 100 of these were made and that only about 50 have survived to this day. Counterfeit versions of this badge error also exist.[10][11] "Beekeeping" Type G is also known in silver border error. Neither one has ever been a required merit badge. Beekeeping (or apiculture, from Latin apis, a bee) is the practice of intentional maintenance of honeybee hives by humans. ...
| Front (FATA error) | Back (FATA error) |
 |
 | Image File history File links FirstAidToAnimals_H_SilverError_front. ...
Image File history File links FirstAidToAnimals_H_SilverError_back. ...
Design errors The known design errors are all from the early years. "Beekeeping" was made from 1914–1938 with only four legs instead of six simply because of human design error. "Beekeeping" also exists in thick and thin bodies in Type C. "Insect Life" was first made, from 1923–1924, with a spider on it. Since a spider is an arachnid, not an insect, the design was changed to an aphid the following year. As this particular merit badge specimen was only issued for one year, it is extremely rare. Orders Acarina Amblypygi Araneae Opiliones Palpigradi Pseudoscorpionida Ricinulei Schizomida Scorpiones Solifugae Uropygi Adult deer tick. ...
Families There are 10 families: Adelgidae - adelgids, conifer aphids Anoeciidae Aphididae Drepanosiphidae Greenideidae Hormaphididae Lachnidae Mindaridae Pemphigidae Phloeomyzidae Phylloxeridae Thelaxidae Aphids or aphides, also known as blight, greenfly, plant lice (superfamily Aphidoidea) are minute plant-feeding insects (1 to 10 mm). ...
Spoof merit badges Spoof merit badges are made and sold simply for fun; they are not official merit badges of the BSA. These are not fakes of genuine merit badges, though they are the same size as a merit badge and have an outer green ring. Dozens of varieties of these exist, such as for snoring, computer viruses, citizenship in the universe, snow art, text messaging, and whining.[12][13] To the unsuspecting buyer they look like genuine merit badges. Some could even be legitimate merit badge if the BSA ever authorized it. Examples of this latter group are spoof badges for scuba diving, surfing, and whitewater kayaking. In contemporary usage, parody is a form of satire that imitates another work of art in order to ridicule it. ...
Snoring is the act of breathing through the open mouth in such a way as to cause a vibration of the uvula and soft palate, thus giving rise to a sound which may vary from a soft noise to a loud unpleasant sound. ...
In computer security technology, a virus is a self-replicating program that spreads by inserting copies of itself into other executable code or documents. ...
Citizenship is membership in a political community (originally a city but now usually a state) and carries with it rights to political participation; a person having such membership is a citizen. ...
The deepest visible-light image of the cosmos. ...
Snow sculpture is a sculpture form comparable to ice sculpture in that most of it is now practiced outdoors, and often in full view of spectators, thus giving it kinship to performance art in the eyes of some. ...
A received SMS being announced on a Nokia phone. ...
In general use, a complaint is an expression of displeasure, such as poor service at a store, or from a local government, for example. ...
Early ideas of autonomous under-water systems appear in Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea Scuba diving is the use of independent breathing equipment to stay underwater for long periods of time for recreational diving and professional diving. ...
Surfing outside Kaneohe Bay, Hawai‘i. ...
Whitewater kayaking is the sport of paddling a kayak on a moving body of water, typically a river. ...
Spoofs of other BSA badges exist, such as for training status and troop positions. The most well-known of this variety is the "Untrained" spoof training patch. Spoof badges are all unofficial and not recognized by the BSA.[14][15]
See also This is a list of merit badges that the Boy Scouts of America formerly offered. ...
Scouting memorabilia collecting is the hobby (and in many cases, the study) of preserving and cataloguing Boy Scouting and Girl Guiding items for their historic, esthetic and monetary value. ...
The current Boy Scout Field Uniform, with Merit Badge Sash The Uniform and insignia of the Boy Scouts of America gives a Scout visibility and creates a level of identity within both the unit and the community. ...
Footnotes - ^ Duersch Jr., Fred (2003). Merit Badge Field Guide, Pages i-xi, Downs Printing Inc.
- ^ Ratcliffe, Jere B. (1998). Official Boy Scout Handbook, Eleventh edition, Page 185, Boy Scouts of America. ISBN 0-8395-3105-2.
- ^ Hillcourt, William (1964). Boy Scout Handbook, Sixth edition, Page 359, Boy Scouts of America.
- ^ Hillcourt, William ("Green Bar Bill") (1979). Official Boy Scout Handbook, Ninth edition, Page 533, Boy Scouts of America. ISBN 0-8395-3227-X.
- ^ Did You Know?. Sage Venture Scouting History. URL accessed on December 18, 2005. (BSA advancement history changes)
- ^ Merit Badges, Past and Present, and Their Evolution. Scouters' Pages. URL accessed on December 13, 2005.
- ^ Hunting merit badge being field tested. Merit Badge Research Center. URL accessed on December 28, 2005.
- ^ Duersch Jr., Fred (2003). Merit Badge Field Guide, Pages 1-6, Downs Printing Inc.
- ^ Duersch Jr., Fred (2003). Merit Badge Field Guide, Page 6, Downs Printing Inc.
- ^ Spotting fake BSA insignia, including the fake "First Aid to Animals" merit badge. Fake and Reproduction Boy Scout Insignia. URL accessed on December 13, 2005.
- ^ Duersch Jr., Fred (2005), Comparisons Between Fake and Genuine First Aid to Animals Merit Badges (Vol. 5, No. 4, ed.), International Scouting Collectors Association Journal (ISCA Journal) [December 2005] page 31
- ^ Spoof Merit Badges and other patches. Boy Scout Store.com. URL accessed on January 1, 2006.
- ^ Spoof Merit Badges and other patches. Streamwood.net. URL accessed on January 1, 2006.
- ^ Boy Scout/Varsity Scout Uniform Inspection Sheet, Boy Scouts of America, 2000, Item #34283
- ^ Insignia Guide, Boy Scouts of America, 2000, Item #33066B
December 18 is the 352nd day of the year (353rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
December 13 is the 347th day of the year (348th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
December 28 is the 362nd day of the year (363rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 3 days remaining. ...
2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
December 13 is the 347th day of the year (348th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ...
2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ...
2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
References September 26 is the 269th day of the year (270th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 96 days remaining. ...
2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
September 26 is the 269th day of the year (270th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 96 days remaining. ...
2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
September 26 is the 269th day of the year (270th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 96 days remaining. ...
2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
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