This article is homosexual and should be burned the second in a series of The History of Literature.

For the first part of this article, see History of literature. A stone tablet containing part of the Epic of Gilgamesh The history of literature is the historical development of writings in prose or poetry which attempt to provide entertainment, enlightenment, or instruction to the reader/hearer/observer, as well as the development of the literary techniques used in the communication...

Modern Literature, 19th century

The 19th century was perhaps the most literary of all centuries, because not only were the forms of novel, short story and magazine serial all in existence side-by-side with theatre and opera, but since film, radio and television did not yet exist, the popularity of the written word and its direct enactment were at their height. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... A novel (from French nouvelle Italian novella, new) is an extended, generally fictional narrative in prose. ... This article is in need of attention. ... It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles accessible from a disambiguation page. ... Serge Sudeikins poster for the Bat Theatre (1922). ... The Teatro alla Scala in Milan. ...

The early part of the century

The romantic movement was well under way and along with it developed the splintering of fiction writing into genres and the rise of speculative fiction. There was a romantic tendency toward the exploration of folk traditions and old legends. In 1802 Sir Walter Scott published Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border. Amelia Opie, another romantic, was publishing poetry in the early 19th century and was an active anti-war campaigner. Anne Bannerman (1765-1829) reworked legends of King Arthur and Merlin. William Blake worked in words and pictures to share his visions and mysticism. In 1807 Thomas Moore published Irish Melodies. Lord Byron produced many influential poems during this period. In 1808 Goethe published part one of Faust. In 1810 Sir Walter Scott published Lady of the Lake. Percy Shelley published a gothic novel: Zastrozzi. The term "Gothic" had, by this time, come to mean a desire for a romantic return to the times before the renaissance. Percy Shelley also published a gothic novella: St. Irvyne in 1811. Romanticism was an artistic and intellectual movement that originated in late 18th century Western Europe. ... Look up genre in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... ... Folklore is the body of expressive culture, including tales, music, dance, legends, oral history, proverbs, jokes, popular beliefs, customs, material culture, and so forth, common to a particular population, comprising the traditions (including oral traditions) of that culture, subculture, or group. ... The word tradition, comes from the Latin word traditio which means to hand down or to hand over. ... A legend (Latin, legenda, things to be read) is a narrative of human actions that are perceived both by teller and listeners to take place within human history and to possess certain qualities that give the tale verisimilitude. ... --69. ... For the first Premier of Saskatchewan see Thomas Walter Scott Sir Walter Scott (August 14, 1771 - September 21, 1832) was a prolific Scottish historical novelist and poet popular throughout Europe. ... Amelia Opie (November 12, 1769 - December 2, 1853), English author, daughter of James Alderson, a physician in Norwich, and was born there. ... 1765 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 1829 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... A bronze Arthur in plate armour with visor raised and with jousting shield wearing Kastenbrust armour (early 15c) by Peter Vischer, typical of later anachronistic depictions of Arthur. ... Merlin Ambrosius (Welsh: Myrddin Emrys (Merlin the Wise); also known as Myrddin Wyllt (Merlin the Wild), Merlin Caledonensis (Scottish Merlin), Merlinus, and Merlyn) is the personage best known as the mighty wizard featured in Arthurian legends, starting with Geoffrey of Monmouths Historia Regum Britanniae. ... William Blake in an 1807 portrait by Thomas Phillips William Blake (November 28, 1757–August 12, 1827) was an English poet, painter, and printmaker. ... 1807 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Thomas Moore Thomas Moore (May 28, 1779 - February 25, 1852) was an Irish poet, now best remembered for the lyrics of The Last Rose of Summer. ... Lord Byron, Anglo-Scottish poet George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron (January 22, 1788–April 19, 1824) was an Anglo-Scottish poet and a leading figure in Romanticism. ... 1808 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (pronounced [gø tə]) (August 28, 1749–March 22, 1832) was a German writer, politician, humanist, scientist, and philosopher. ... Faust (Latin Faustus) is the protagonist of a popular German tale of a pact with the Devil, assumed to be based on the figure of the German magician and alchemist Dr. Johann Georg Faust (approximately 1480–1540). ... 1810 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... For the first Premier of Saskatchewan see Thomas Walter Scott Sir Walter Scott (August 14, 1771 - September 21, 1832) was a prolific Scottish historical novelist and poet popular throughout Europe. ... The Lady of the Lake taking the infant Lancelot. ... Percy Bysshe Shelley Percy Bysshe Shelley (August 4, 1792 - July 8, 1822) was one of the major English Romantic poets. ... Strawberry Hill, an English villa in the Gothic revival style, built by seminal Gothic writer Horace Walpole The gothic novel was a literary genre that belonged to Romanticism and began in the United Kingdom with The Castle of Otranto (1764) by Horace Walpole. ... Zastrozzi is a Gothic novel written by Percy Bysshe Shelley and published in 1810[1]. The first of Shelleys early Gothic novels, it outlines his atheistic worldview through the villain Zastrozzi[2] and touches upon his earliest thoughts on irresponsible self-indulgence and violent revenge[1]. Shelley wrote Zastrozzi... Percy Bysshe Shelley Percy Bysshe Shelley (August 4, 1792 - July 8, 1822) was one of the major English Romantic poets. ... A novella is a narrative work of prose fiction somewhat longer than a short story but shorter than a novel. ... 1811 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

North Americans who would later produce great literature were being born in the first third of the century. In 1803 the great American poet Ralph Waldo Emerson was born (May 25) in Boston and in 1804 Nathaniel Hawthorne. In 1807 Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and then Edgar Allan Poe in 1809. Phillipe-Ignace Francois Aubert du Gaspe, author of the first French Canadian novel was born in 1814 followed by Henry David Thoreau in 1817 and Herman Melville in 1819. Canadian poets Octave Crémazie and James McIntyre were both born in 1827. In 1830 was the birth of Emily Dickinson and, just over a third of the way through the century, in 1835 Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain) arrived in this world. Before all of them was Washington Irving, said to be the first American "Literary Lion" and mentor to several other American writers. Washington Irving wrote "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" (a short story contained in his collection The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon) while he was living in Birmingham, England and it was first published in 1819. 1803 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Ralph Waldo Emerson Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 – April 27, 1882) was an American essayist, poet, and leader of the Transcendentalist movement in the early nineteenth century. ... May 25 is the 145th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (146th in leap years). ... Nickname: City on the Hill, Beantown, The Hub (of the Universe)1, Athens of America, The Cradle of Revolution, Puritan City, Americas Walking City Location in Massachusetts, USA Counties Suffolk County Mayor Thomas M. Menino(D) Area    - City 232. ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Nathaniel Hawthorne (born Nathaniel Hathorne; July 4, 1804 - May 19, 1864) was a 19th century American novelist and short story writer. ... 1807 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American poet, short story writer, editor, critic and one of the leaders of the American Romantic Movement. ... 1809 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Philippe-Ignace-Francois Aubert de Gaspé, or simply Philippe Aubert de Gaspé (1814–7 March 1841) was a Canadian writer and is credited with writing the first French Canadian novel. ... French Canadian is a term that has several different connotations. ... 1814 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Henry David Thoreau (July 12, 1817 – May 6, 1862; born David Henry Thoreau) was an American author, naturalist, transcendentalist, tax resister, development critic, and philosopher who is most well-known for Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay, Civil Disobedience, an argument for individual resistance... 1817 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Herman Melville (August 1, 1819 – September 28, 1891) was an American novelist, essayist and poet. ... 1819 common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Octave Crémazie (April 16, 1827 – January 16, 1879) was a Canadian poet. ... James McIntyre (1827-1906), called The Cheese Poet, was a Canadian poet. ... Naval Battle of Navarino by Carneray 1827 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 (MDCCCXXX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... A young Emily Dickinson, sometime around 1846-1847, for many years the only known photograph of her. ... | Come and take it, slogan of the Texas Revolution 1835 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, the lead section of this article may need to be expanded. ... Washington Irving (April 3, 1783–November 28, 1859) was an American author of the early 19th century. ... The Legend of Sleepy Hollow is a short story by Washington Irving contained in his collection , written while he was living in Birmingham, England and first published in 1820. ... Headline text ... This article is about the city in England. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2006 est. ... 1819 common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1807 Charles and Mary Lamb published Tales from Shakespeare, a simple retelling of some of Shakespeare's plays in the form of little stories accessible to a child readership. Along with all the other genres born in the 19th century came the genre of Children's literature. 1807 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Charles Lamb (1775-1834) Charles Lamb (10 February 1775 –- 27 December 1834) was an English essayist, best known for his Essays of Elia and for the childrens book Tales from Shakespeare, which he produced along with his sister, Mary Lamb (1764–1847). ... Mary Anne Lamb (December 3, 1764 - May 20, 1847), was an English writer, the sister and collaborator of Charles Lamb. ... fart out of the bum in my pants. ... Jane Frank: illustration from Thomas Yoseloffs The Further Adventures of Till Eulenspiegel (1957). ...

In 1809 Schlegel published On Dramatic Art and Literature. Alfred, Lord Tennyson was born (August 6). 1809 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... August Wilhelm von Schlegel (September 8, 1767 - May 12, 1845), German poet, translator and critic, was born at Hanover, where his father, Johann Adolf Schlegel (1721-1793), was a Lutheran pastor. ... Lord Tennyson, Poet Laureate Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson (August 6, 1809 - October 6, 1892) is generally regarded as one of the greatest English poets. ... August 6 is the 218th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (219th in leap years), with 147 days remaining. ...

In 1811 Jane Austen published (anonymously) Sense and Sensibility 1811 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... For other uses, see Sense and Sensibility (disambiguation). ...

In 1812 George Crabbe published Tales in Verse. Byron published Childe Harold's Pilgrimage Cantos I and II. Samuel Taylor Coleridge published Remorse. On February 7th Charles Dickens was born. On May 7 Robert Browning was born in London. On October 4, in London, Percy Shelley first met William Godwin (3 March 1756 - 7 April 1836), an English writer, husband of feminist writer Mary Wollstonecraft and father of Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin (who would eventually marry Shelley and become Mary Shelley). For the overture by Tchaikovsky, see 1812 Overture; For the wars, see War of 1812 (USA - United Kingdom) or Patriotic War of 1812 (France - Russia) For the Siberia Airlines plane crashed over the Black Sea on October 4, 2001, see Siberia Airlines Flight 1812 1812 was a leap year starting... George Crabbe (December 24, 1754 - February 3, 1832) was an English poet and naturalist. ... Samuel Taylor Coleridge, English poet, 1795 Samuel Taylor Coleridge (October 21, 1772 – July 25, 1834) (pronounced ) was an English poet, critic, and philosopher who was, along with his friend William Wordsworth, one of the founders of the Romantic Movement in England and one of the Lake Poets. ... February 7 is the 38th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Dickens redirects here. ... May 7 is the 127th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (128th in leap years). ... Robert Browning For information about Robert X. Browning, Director of the C-SPAN archives, see Robert X. Browning. ... October 4 is the 277th day of the year (278th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Percy Bysshe Shelley Percy Bysshe Shelley (August 4, 1792 - July 8, 1822) was one of the major English Romantic poets. ... William Godwin William Godwin (3 March 1756 – 7 April 1836) was an English political and miscellaneous writer, considered one of the important precursors of both utilitarian and liberal anarchist thought. ... March 3 is the 62nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (63rd in leap years). ... 1756 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). ... October 2, Charles Darwin returns from his voyage around the world. ... Mary Wollstonecraft (circa 1797) by John Opie. ... Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (30th August 1797-1st February 1851) was an English romantic/gothic novelist, the author of Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus. ... Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (30th August 1797-1st February 1851) was an English romantic/gothic novelist, the author of Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus. ...

In 1813 Jane Austen published (anonymously) Pride and Prejudice. Byron published The Giaour and The Bride of Abydos. January 23 Drury Lane reopened with Coleridge's Remorse. In May Percy Shelley published his poem Queen Mab. In September Sir Walter Scott declined the offer of being made Poet Laureate, Robert Southey accepted the post. Wilhelm Richard Wagner born 22 May. 1813 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... For films named Pride and Prejudice, see Pride and Prejudice (film). ... January 23 is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Drury Lane is a street in the Covent Garden area of London, running between Aldwych and High Holborn. ... Samuel Taylor Coleridge, English poet, 1795 Samuel Taylor Coleridge (October 21, 1772 – July 25, 1834) (pronounced ) was an English poet, critic, and philosopher who was, along with his friend William Wordsworth, one of the founders of the Romantic Movement in England and one of the Lake Poets. ... Percy Bysshe Shelley Percy Bysshe Shelley (August 4, 1792 - July 8, 1822) was one of the major English Romantic poets. ... For the first Premier of Saskatchewan see Thomas Walter Scott Sir Walter Scott (August 14, 1771 - September 21, 1832) was a prolific Scottish historical novelist and poet popular throughout Europe. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Robert Southey, English poet Robert Southey (August 12, 1774 – March 21, 1843) was an English poet of the Romantic school, one of the so-called Lake Poets, and Poet Laureate. ... Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner (May 22, 1813 – February 13, 1883) was an influential German composer, conductor, music theorist, and essayist, primarily known for his operas (or music dramas as he later came to call them). ... May 22 is the 142nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (143rd in leap years). ...

In 1814 Sir Walter Scott published Waverley. Jane Austen's Mansfield Park was published anonymously. Robert Southey published Roderick, the Last of the Goths. An English translation of Dante's Divine Comedy appeared. On July 28 Percy Shelley and Mary Godwin (Mary Shelley) eloped. In 1814 Jane Austen published Mansfield Park and, in 1815, Emma. 1814 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... For the first Premier of Saskatchewan see Thomas Walter Scott Sir Walter Scott (August 14, 1771 - September 21, 1832) was a prolific Scottish historical novelist and poet popular throughout Europe. ... Waverley is the name of several different things. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Mansfield Park book cover Mansfield Park is a novel by Jane Austen. ... Robert Southey, English poet Robert Southey (August 12, 1774 – March 21, 1843) was an English poet of the Romantic school, one of the so-called Lake Poets, and Poet Laureate. ... Dante redirects here. ... Dante shown holding a copy of The Divine Comedy, next to the entrance to Hell, the seven terraces of Mount Purgatory and the city of Florence, in Michelinos fresco. ... July 28 is the 209th day (210th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 156 days remaining. ... Percy Bysshe Shelley Percy Bysshe Shelley (August 4, 1792 - July 8, 1822) was one of the major English Romantic poets. ... Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (30th August 1797-1st February 1851) was an English romantic/gothic novelist, the author of Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus. ... 1814 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Mansfield Park book cover Mansfield Park is a novel by Jane Austen. ... The Battle of New Orleans 1815 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Emma is a comic novel by Jane Austen, first published in 1816, about the perils of misconstrued romance. ...

In 1816 Thomas Love Peacock published Headlong Hall. Coleridge published Christabel and Kubla Khan. Jane Austen anonymously published Emma. E.T.A. Hoffmann published Undine. Mary Shelley and Percy Shelley went to Geneva and met Byron (with his physician John Polidori). At Byron's villa they told ghost stories and invented the basic ideas which led eventually to Mary Shelley's book Frankenstein and Polidori's novel The Vampyre. Their stay at Byron's villa was one of the most famous events in the Gothic/Romantic movement. 1816 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Thomas Love Peacock (October 18, 1785 - January 23, 1866) was an English satirist and author. ... Samuel Taylor Coleridge, English poet, 1795 Samuel Taylor Coleridge (October 21, 1772 – July 25, 1834) (pronounced ) was an English poet, critic, and philosopher who was, along with his friend William Wordsworth, one of the founders of the Romantic Movement in England and one of the Lake Poets. ... Kubla Khan, whose complete title is Kubla Khan, or a Vision in a Dream. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Emma is a comic novel by Jane Austen, first published in 1816, about the perils of misconstrued romance. ... ETA Hoffman Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (January 24, 1776 - June 25, 1822), was a German romantic and fantasy author and composer. ... Undine (from Latin unda wave) may refer to several things. ... Geneva (pronunciation //; French: Genève //, German:   //, Italian: Ginevra) is the second most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich), and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French-speaking part of Switzerland). ... John William Polidori (September 7, 1795 – August 24, 1821) is credited by some as the creator of the vampire genre of fantasy fiction. ... A ghost story may be any piece of fiction, or drama, that includes a ghost, or simply takes as a premise the possibility of ghosts or the belief of some character(s) in them. ... This article is about the 1818 novel. ... The Vampyre is a short novel written by John William Polidori and is a progenitor of the romantic vampire genre of fantasy fiction. ...

In 1817 John Keats published a volume of Poems. Sir Walter Scott published Harold the Dauntless. Byron published Manfred. 1817 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... δе|}:Keats redirects here. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: Manfred, a dramatic poem Manfred is a dramatic poem written in 1816-1817 by Lord Byron; it contains supernatural elements, in keeping with the popularity of the ghost story in England at the time. ...

In 1818 Mary Shelley anonymously published Frankenstein which came to be known, eventually, as the first science fiction novel and the template for the mad scientist subgenre. Byron published Childe Harold Canto IV. John Keats published Endymion. Thomas Love Peacock published Rhododaphne and Nightmare Abbey. Jane Austen's Northanger Abbey and Persuasion were published posthumously. Sir Walter Scott published Rob Roy. 1818 (MDCCCXVIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar. ... Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (30th August 1797-1st February 1851) was an English romantic/gothic novelist, the author of Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus. ... This article is about the 1818 novel. ... Science fiction is a form of speculative fiction principally dealing with the impact of imagined science and technology, or both, upon society and persons as individuals. ... Caucasian, male, aging, crooked teeth, messy hair, lab coat, spectacles/goggles, dramatic posing — one popular stereotype of a mad scientist. ... δе|}:Keats redirects here. ... Thomas Love Peacock (October 18, 1785 - January 23, 1866) was an English satirist and author. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... For films named Northanger Abbey, see Northanger Abbey (1986 film). ... Persuasion is a form of influence. ... Rob Roy is a novel by Walter Scott about Frank Osbaldistone, the son of an English merchant who goes to the Scottish Highlands to collect a debt stolen from him. ...

In 1819 John Polidori published The Vampyre. 1819 common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... John William Polidori (September 7, 1795 – August 24, 1821) is credited by some as the creator of the vampire genre of fantasy fiction. ... The Vampyre is a short novel written by John William Polidori and is a progenitor of the romantic vampire genre of fantasy fiction. ...

In 1820 John Keats published Lamia, Isabella and Hyperion. Percy Shelley published Prometheus Unbound. Elizabeth Barrett published The Battle of Marathon. Sir Walter Scott published Ivanhoe, The Abbott and The Monastery. James Catnach: Street Ballads. A gothic novel, Melmoth the Wanderer was published by Charles Robert Maturin. 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... δе|}:Keats redirects here. ... There are two plays named Prometheus Unbound. ... Elizabeth Barrett Browning Elizabeth Barrett Browning (Moulton) (March 6, 1806-June 29, 1861) was the most respected female poet of the Victorian era. ... For the first Premier of Saskatchewan see Thomas Walter Scott Sir Walter Scott (August 14, 1771 - September 21, 1832) was a prolific Scottish historical novelist and poet popular throughout Europe. ... For other uses, see Ivanhoe (disambiguation). ... Melmoth the Wanderer is a gothic novel published in 1820, written by Charles Robert Maturin. ... Charles Robert Maturin, also known as Charles Maturin or C.R. Maturin, was an Irish Protestant clergyman (ordained by the Church of Ireland) and a writer of gothic plays and novels. ...

In 1821 February 23: John Keats died. Percy Shelley published Adonais: An Elegy on the Death of John Keats and Epipsychidion. Byron published The Prophecy of Dante. Sir Walter Scott published Kenilworth. Fyodor Dostoevsky was born. The coronation banquet for George IV 1821 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... February 23 is the 54th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... For the first Premier of Saskatchewan see Thomas Walter Scott Sir Walter Scott (August 14, 1771 - September 21, 1832) was a prolific Scottish historical novelist and poet popular throughout Europe. ... Kenilworth is a romance novel written by Walter Scott. ... Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (Russian: Фёдор Миха́йлович Достое́вский, Fëdor Mihajlovič Dostoevskij, sometimes transliterated Dostoyevsky  ) (November 11, 1821 [O.S. October 30] – February 9, 1881 [O.S. January 28]) is considered one of the greatest Russian writers. ...

In 1822 Thomas De Quincey published Confessions of an English Opium Eater. Percy Shelley published Hellas. 1822 (MDCCCXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Thomas de Quincey from the frontispiece of Revolt of the Tartars, Thomas de Quincey (August 15, 1785 – December 8, 1859) was an English author and intellectual. ... Confessions of an English Opium-Eater (1822) is an autobiographical novel by Thomas De Quincey first published in 1821 in the London Magazine, as a novel in 1822 and revised in 1856, about his laudanum (opium and alcohol) addiction and how it affected his life. ...

In 1823 Mary Shelley published Valperga. Byron published The Age of Bronze and The Island. Charles Lamb published Essays of Elia. Sir Walter Scott published Quentin Durward. An English translation of Jacob Grimm, Grimms' Fairy Tales appeared. 1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Charles Lamb (1775-1834) Charles Lamb (10 February 1775 –- 27 December 1834) was an English essayist, best known for his Essays of Elia and for the childrens book Tales from Shakespeare, which he produced along with his sister, Mary Lamb (1764–1847). ... Essays of Elia is a collection of essays written by Charles Lamb in 1823. ... The Brothers Grimm on a 1000DM banknote. ... Frontispiece of first volume of Grimms Kinder- und Hausmärchen (1812). ...

In 1824 Sir Walter Scott published Redgauntlet. Byron died in Greece. 1824 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Redgauntlet is an historical novel by Sir Walter Scott, set in Scotland in the 1760s in Dumfries. ...

In 1826 Mary Shelley published The Last Man, a novel set in the 21st century. The oldest surviving photograph, Nicéphore Niépce, circa 1826 1826 (MDCCCXXVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Mary Shelleys The Last Man, first published in 1826, is often overshadowed by one of Shelleys earlier works, Frankenstein, and as a result has been largely ignored by the reading public. ... The 21st century is the present century of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In 1827 Alfred and Charles Tennyson Turner published Poems by Two Brothers. August 12: William Blake died. Naval Battle of Navarino by Carneray 1827 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Lord Tennyson, Poet Laureate Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson (August 6, 1809 - October 6, 1892) is generally regarded as one of the greatest English poets. ... Charles Tennyson Turner (1808 - 1879) was a British poet. ... August 12 is the 224th day of the year (225th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... William Blake in an 1807 portrait by Thomas Phillips William Blake (November 28, 1757–August 12, 1827) was an English poet, painter, and printmaker. ...

In 1828 Leo Nikolayevitch Tolstoy was born 9 September. 1828 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Leo Nikolayevitch Tolstoy (Russian: Лев Никола́евич Толсто́й) (September 9 (August 28, O.S.), 1828 - November 20 (November 7, O.S.), 1910) was a Russian novelist, reformer, and moral thinker, notable for... September 9 is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years). ...

In 1829 Karl Wilhelm Friedrich von Schlegel died 11 January. Edgar Allan Poe published a poem: Al Aaraaf. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 1829 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Karl Wilhelm Friedrich von Schlegel (March 10, 1772 - January 11, 1829), German poet, critic and scholar, was the younger brother of August Wilhelm von Schlegel. ... January 11 is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American poet, short story writer, editor, critic and one of the leaders of the American Romantic Movement. ... Al Aaraaf was written by Edgar Allan Poe in 1829. ...

In 1831 Sir Walter Scott published Castle Dangerous. Edgar Allan Poe published a poem: The City in the Sea. (1831) Leopold I 1831 (MDCCCXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American poet, short story writer, editor, critic and one of the leaders of the American Romantic Movement. ... The City in the Sea is a poem that was writen by Edgar Allan Poe in 1831. ...

In 1832 Percy Shelley published his poem The Masque of Anarchy, a reaction to the Peterloo massacre. Johann Wolfgang Goethe published part II of Faust. On March 20 Goethe died. Jerrold Douglas published The Factory Girl, The Golden Calf and The Rent-Day. 1832 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The Masque of Anarchy is a political poem written in 1819 by Percy Bysshe Shelley following the Peterloo massacre of that year. ... Print of the Peterloo Massacre published by Richard Carlile Peterloo Massacre of August 16, 1819 was the result of a cavalry charge into the crowd at a public meeting at St Peters Fields, Manchester, England. ...  , IPA: , later von Goethe, (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German polymath: he was a poet, novelist, dramatist, humanist, scientist, theorist, painter, and for ten years chief minister of state for the duchy of Weimar. ... Faust (Latin Faustus) is the protagonist of a popular German tale of a pact with the Devil, assumed to be based on the figure of the German magician and alchemist Dr. Johann Georg Faust (approximately 1480–1540). ... March 20 is the 79th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (80th in Leap years). ...

In 1833 Caroline Bowles published Tales of the Factories. Charles Lamb published The Last Essays of Elia. 1833 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Mrs. ... Charles Lamb (1775-1834) Charles Lamb (10 February 1775 –- 27 December 1834) was an English essayist, best known for his Essays of Elia and for the childrens book Tales from Shakespeare, which he produced along with his sister, Mary Lamb (1764–1847). ...

In 1834 Frederick Marryat published Peter Simple and Jacob Faithful. Balzac published Le Pere Goriot. William Morris was born. On July 25th Samuel Taylor Coleridge died. 1834 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Captain Frederick Marryat (July 10, 1792 – August 9, 1848) was an English novelist, a contemporary and acquaintance of Charles Dickens, noted today as an early pioneer of the sea story. ... Peter Simple may mean: Peter Simple, pseudonym of, and newspaper column by, Michael Wharton Peter Simple, 1834 seafaring novel by Marryat Peter Simple, racehorse This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Honoré de Balzac Honoré de Balzac (May 20, 1799 - August 18, 1850), was a French novelist. ... William Morris, socialist and innovator in the Arts and Crafts movement William Morris, publisher Davids Charge to Solomon (1882), a stained-glass window by Edward Burne-Jones and William Morris in Trinity Church, Boston, Massachusetts. ... July 25 is the 206th day (207th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 159 days remaining. ... Samuel Taylor Coleridge, English poet, 1795 Samuel Taylor Coleridge (October 21, 1772 – July 25, 1834) (pronounced ) was an English poet, critic, and philosopher who was, along with his friend William Wordsworth, one of the founders of the Romantic Movement in England and one of the Lake Poets. ...

The first modern Arabic compilation of The Book of One Thousand and One Nights was published in Cairo. Arabic ( or just ), is the largest member of the family of Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew, Amharic, and Aramaic. ... Queen Scheherazade tells her stories to King Shahryar. ... Nickname: Al Qahirah (The Triumphant City) Cairos location in Egypt Coordinates: Governor Dr. Abdul Azim Wazir Area    - City 210 km²  - Metro 1,492 km² Population (2005)  - City 7,438,376  - Density 35,420/km²  - Urban 10,834,495  - Metro 15,200,000 Time zone EET (UTC+2)  - Summer (DST...

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Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... See also: 15th century in literature, other events of the 16th century, 17th century in literature, list of years in literature. ... See also: 16th century in literature, other events of the 17th century, 1700 in literature, list of years in literature. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Structuralism is best known as a theory in the humanities. ... In contemporary philosophy and social sciences, the term deconstruction denotes a process by which the texts and languages of (particularly) Western philosophy appear to shift and complicate in meaning when read in light of the assumptions they suggest about and absences they reveal within themselves. ... Post-structuralism is a body of work that followed in the wake of structuralism, and sought to understand the Western world as a network of structures, as in structuralism, but in which such structures are ordered primarily by local, shifting differences (as in deconstruction) rather than grand binary oppositions and... Andy Warhols iconic Marilyn Monroe Postmodernism is an idea that has been extremely controversial and difficult to define among scholars, intellectuals, and historians, because the term implies to many that the modern historical period has passed. ... This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Hypertext fiction is a genre of electronic literature, characterized by the use of hypertext which provides a new context for non-linearity in literature and reader interaction. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... American literature refers to written or literary work produced in the area of the United States and Colonial America. ... Jorge Luis Borges Argentine literature is placed among the most important in Spanish language, with world-famous writers such as José Hernández, Jorge Luis Borges, Manuel Puig, Julio Cortázar and Ernesto Sábato. ... Canadian literature may be divided into two parts, based on their separate roots: one stems from the culture and literature from France; the other from Britain. ... Mexican literature plays an important role in Mexican culture. ... Australian literature in English began soon after the establishment of the country by Europeans. ... New Zealand claims as its own many writers, even those immigrants born overseas or those emigrants who have gone into exile. ... Pakistani literature, that is, the literature of Pakistan, as a distinct literature came into being when Pakistan gained its nationhooood as a sovereign state in 1947. ... The Kannada language belongs to the Dravidian family of languages and is the second oldest language currently spoken in India. ... Tamil literature is literature in the Tamil language which most prominently includes the contributions of the Tamil country (or Tamizhagam) history, a large part of which constitutes the modern state of Tamil Nadu and Kerala as well as some parts of Karnataka and Andra pradesh. ... Hindi poetry is divided into four prominent forms or styles, being Bhakti (devotional - Kabir, Raskhan); Shringar (beauty - Keshav, Bihari); Veer-Gatha (extolling brave warriors); and Adhunik (modern). ... Urdu literature has a long and colorful history that is inextricably tied to the development of that very language, Urdu, in which it is written. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Indian English Literature. ... It has been suggested that History of Bengali literature be merged into this article or section. ... Literature in Marathi. ... Literature written in Malayalam language. ... Japanese literature spans a period of almost two millennia. ... Vietnamese literature is literature, both oral and written, created by Vietnamese-speaking people. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... South Africa has a diverse literary history. ... This article or section contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ... This article is on science fiction literature. ... The history of ideas is a field of research in history that deals with the expression, preservation, and change of human ideas over time. ... Intellectual history means either: the history of intellectuals, or: the history of the people who create, discuss, write about and in other ways propagate ideas. ...

The middle of the century

In the mid-nineteenth century magazines publishing short stories and serials began to be popular. Some of them were more respectable, while others were referred to by the derogatory name of penny dreadfuls. In 1844 Alexandre Dumas published a novel The Three Musketeers (Les Trois Mousquetaires) and wrote The Count of Monte Cristo which was published in installments over the next two years. William Makepeace Thackeray published The Luck of Barry Lyndon. In Britain Charles Dickens published several of his books in installments in magazines: The Pickwick Papers, followed, in the next few years, by Oliver Twist (1837-1839), Nicholas Nickleby (1838-1839), The Old Curiosity Shop (1840-1841), Barnaby Rudge (1841), A Christmas Carol (1843) and Martin Chuzzlewit (1843-1844). In America a version of the penny dreadful became popularly known as a dime novel. In the dime novels the reputations of gunfighters and other wild west heroes or villains were created or exaggerated. The western genre came into existence. James Fenimore Cooper began a series of stories featuring the characters Hawkeye and Chingachgook. These stories were not only "westerns" but also historical novels, the earliest setting being approximately 100 years earlier than the year James Fenimore Cooper was writing it. The series was called the Leatherstocking Tales and comprised five volumes: The Deerslayer (1841), The Last of the Mohicans (1826), The Pathfinder (1840), The Pioneers (1823)), The Prairie (1827). This article is about the magazine as a published medium. ... It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles accessible from a disambiguation page. ... Penny Dreadful can refer to: The 19th century British penny dreadful publications. ... 1844 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Alexandre Dumas redirects here. ... DArtagnan and the Musketeers The Three Musketeers (Les Trois Mousquetaires) is a novel by Alexandre Dumas, père. ... The Count of Monte Cristo (French: Le Comte de Monte-Cristo) is a classic adventure novel by Alexandre Dumas, père. ... William Makepeace Thackeray William Makepeace Thackeray (18 July 1811 – 24 December 1863) was an English novelist of the 19th century. ... The Luck of Barry Lyndon is a picaresque novel by William Makepeace Thackeray, first published in 1844 about an Irish peasant who tries to become a gentleman. ... Dickens redirects here. ... The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, better known as The Pickwick Papers, is the first novel by Charles Dickens. ... Oliver Twist (1838) is Charles Dickens second novel. ... Queen Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837 - 1901) 1837 (MDCCCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1839 (MDCCCXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby, (or Nicholas Nickleby for short) is a comic novel of Charles Dickens. ... | Jöns Jakob Berzelius, discoverer of protein 1838 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1839 (MDCCCXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Old Curiosity Shop Portsmouth Street London The Old Curiosity Shop is a novel by the author Charles Dickens. ... 1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1841 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of Eighty is a historical novel by the author Charles Dickens. ... 1841 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... A Christmas Carol (full title: A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost Story of Christmas) is Charles Dickens little Christmas Book first published on December 19,[1] 1843 and illustrated by John Leech. ... 1843 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Martin Chuzzlewit is a novel by Charles Dickens, considered the last of his picaresque novels, which was written and serialized in 1843-1844. ... 1843 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1844 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... In the United States in the late 19th century and very early 20th century, a dime novel was a low-priced novel, typically priced at 10 cents (a dime). ... Categories: Stock characters | Stub ... Great Basin region, typical American West The Western United States has played a significant role in history and fiction. ... Western fiction is a genre of literature that is typically set in any of the American states west of the Mississippi River and between the years of approximately 1860 and 1900. ... Cooper portrait by John Wesley Jarvis, 1822 James Fenimore Cooper (September 15, 1789 – September 14, 1851) was a prolific and popular American writer of the early 19th century. ... The word Hawkeye may be applied in a number of ways: James Fenimore Cooper invented the character of Hawkeye, first of the long rifles, and his faithful Mohican blood brother Chingachgook, in The Pioneers, published in 1823. ... Chingachgook was a fictional character in four of James Fenimore Coopers five Leatherstocking Tales, a lone Mohican chief and companion of the series hero Natty Bumppo. ... The Leatherstocking Tales is a series of novels by American writer James Fenimore Cooper, each featuring the hero Natty Bumppo, known by European settlers as Leatherstocking, and by the Native Americans as Pathfinder, Deerslayer, or Hawkeye. Listed chronologically by story action, the books are: Note that these are the dates... The Leatherstocking Tales is a series of novels by American writer James Fenimore Cooper, each featuring the hero Natty Bumppo, otherwise known as Leatherstocking, Pathfinder, Deerslayer, or Hawkeye. ... 1841 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... For other uses, see The Last of the Mohicans (disambiguation). ... The oldest surviving photograph, Nicéphore Niépce, circa 1826 1826 (MDCCCXXVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Pathfinder (1987 film). ... 1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Pioneers: The Sources of the Susquehanna is one of the Leatherstocking Tales, a series of five novels by American writer James Fenimore Cooper. ... 1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Naval Battle of Navarino by Carneray 1827 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1837 Edgar Allan Poe published a poem: The Conqueror Worm. Queen Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837 - 1901) 1837 (MDCCCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American poet, short story writer, editor, critic and one of the leaders of the American Romantic Movement. ... The Conqueror Worm is a poem by Edgar Allan Poe about human mortality and the inevitability of death. ...

In 1838 Edgar Allan Poe published a short story: Ligeia and a novel: The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket. Elizabeth Barrett published The Seraphim. Lady Charlotte Guest published Mabinogion, a collection of ancient Celtic stories from Wales. | Jöns Jakob Berzelius, discoverer of protein 1838 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American poet, short story writer, editor, critic and one of the leaders of the American Romantic Movement. ... Ligeia is a short story written by Edgar Allan Poe. ... The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket is Edgar Allan Poes only complete novel, published in 1838. ... Elizabeth Barrett Browning Elizabeth Barrett Browning (Moulton) (March 6, 1806-June 29, 1861) was the most respected female poet of the Victorian era. ... Lady Charlotte Elizabeth Guest, (nee Bertie) (May 19, 1812 – January 15, 1895), was an important figure in the history of the study of Welsh literature and language. ... The Mabinogion is a collection of prose stories from medieval Welsh manuscripts. ... Celts redirects here. ... Motto: (Welsh for Wales forever) Anthem: Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau Capital Cardiff (Caerdydd) Largest city Cardiff (Caerdydd) Official language(s) Welsh, English Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister of the UK Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Rhodri Morgan AM Unification    - by Gruffudd ap Llywelyn 1056  Area    - Total...

In 1839 the Canadian writer Louis Fréchette was born. Edgar Allan Poe published three short stories: William Wilson, The Devil in the Belfry and The Fall of the House of Usher. 1839 (MDCCCXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Louis-Honoré Fréchette Louis-Honoré Fréchette, (November 16, 1839 – May 31, 1908), poet, playwright, and short story writer born in Lévis, Québec, Canada. ... Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American poet, short story writer, editor, critic and one of the leaders of the American Romantic Movement. ... Many real people and fictitious characters share the name William Wilson, including: William Bauchop Wilson, the first United States Secretary of Labor William Griffith Wilson, co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous William L. Wilson, Scottish nationalist William Lyne Wilson, a Postmaster General William Wilson, a British Labour MP before 1983 William... The Devil in the Belfry is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe. ... The Fall of the House of Usher is a short story written by Edgar Allan Poe. ...

In 1840 the Westcountry author Thomas Hardy was born. 1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The term Westcountry could to refer one of two things: The South West England ITV franchise holder: Westcountry Television. ... Thomas Hardy Thomas Hardy, OM (2 June 1840 – 11 January 1928) — an English novelist, short story writer, and poet of the naturalist movement — delineated characters struggling against their passions and circumstances. ...

In 1841 Phillipe-Ignace Francois Aubert du Gaspe died. Edgar Allan Poe published two short stories: A Descent into the Maelstrom and a C. Auguste Dupin short story: The Murders in the Rue Morgue. 1841 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Philippe-Ignace-Francois Aubert de Gaspé, or simply Philippe Aubert de Gaspé (1814–7 March 1841) was a Canadian writer and is credited with writing the first French Canadian novel. ... Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American poet, short story writer, editor, critic and one of the leaders of the American Romantic Movement. ... A Descent into the Maelstrom is a short story by one of the masters of the genre, Edgar Allan Poe. ... C. Auguste Dupin is a fictional detective created by Edgar Allan Poe. ... The Murders in the Rue Morgue is a short story written by Edgar Allan Poe in 1841. ...

Edgar Allan Poe published a short story: The Masque of the Red Death (1842). Edgar Allan Poe published a short story: The Pit and the Pendulum (1842). Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American poet, short story writer, editor, critic and one of the leaders of the American Romantic Movement. ... The Masque of the Red Death is a short story written by Edgar Allan Poe and first published in the May 1842 edition of Grahams Ladys and Gentlemans Magazine as The Mask of the Red Death. The story was adapted in 1964 by Roger Corman into a... Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American poet, short story writer, editor, critic and one of the leaders of the American Romantic Movement. ... The Pit and the Pendulum is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe. ...

In 1843 the transatlantic author Henry James was born. Edgar Allan Poe published a poem: Lenore and four short stories: The Gold Bug (1843), The Black Cat, The Tell-Tale Heart and a C. Auguste Dupin short story: The Mystery of Marie Roget. 1843 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... For the similarly named rock band, see TransAtlantic. ... For other uses of this name, see Henry James (disambiguation). ... Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American poet, short story writer, editor, critic and one of the leaders of the American Romantic Movement. ... Lenore is a poem written in 1843 by the us-american author Edgar Allan Poe. ... The Gold Bug is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe. ... The Black Cat is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe. ... Illustration by Harry Clarke, detail from He shrieked once -once only The Tell-Tale Heart is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe, which was first published in James Russell Lowells The Pioneer in January 1843; Poe republished it in his periodical The Broadway Journal for August 23, 1845. ... C. Auguste Dupin is a fictional detective created by Edgar Allan Poe. ... The Mystery of Marie Roget is a story by Edgar Allan Poe written in 1842. ...

Edgar Allan Poe published a short story: The Spectacles (1844). Edgar Allan Poe published a short story: The Balloon-Hoax (1844). Edgar Allan Poe published a C. Auguste Dupin short story: The Purloined Letter (1844). Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American poet, short story writer, editor, critic and one of the leaders of the American Romantic Movement. ... The Spectacles is a mixed use suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located about 30 km south of the CBD and not far from Fremantle. ... Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American poet, short story writer, editor, critic and one of the leaders of the American Romantic Movement. ... The Balloon-Hoax was a newspaper article written by Edgar Allan Poe. ... Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American poet, short story writer, editor, critic and one of the leaders of the American Romantic Movement. ... C. Auguste Dupin is a fictional detective created by Edgar Allan Poe. ... The Purloined Letter is one of Edgar Allan Poes detective stories. ...

In 1845 Edgar Allan Poe published a poem: The Raven and a short story: The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar August Wilhelm von Schlegel died 12 May. 1845 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American poet, short story writer, editor, critic and one of the leaders of the American Romantic Movement. ... For other uses, see The Raven (disambiguation). ... The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... August Wilhelm von Schlegel (September 8, 1767 - May 12, 1845), German poet, translator and critic, was born at Hanover, where his father, Johann Adolf Schlegel (1721-1793), was a Lutheran pastor. ... May 12 is the 132nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (133rd in leap years). ...

In 1846 Edgar Allan Poe published a short story: The Cask of Amontillado. Charles Dickens published Dombey and Son in installments from 1846 to 1848. 1846 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American poet, short story writer, editor, critic and one of the leaders of the American Romantic Movement. ... The Cask of Amontillado (sometimes spelled Casque of Amontillado) is a short story, written by Edgar Allan Poe and published in 1846. ... Dombey and Son is a novel by the Victorian author Charles Dickens. ... 1846 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1848 (MDCCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In 1846 Elizabeth Barrett married Robert Browning. Charlotte, Emily, and Anne Brontë published Poems by Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell. Edward Lear published his Book of Nonsense. 1846 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Elizabeth Barrett Browning Elizabeth Barrett Browning (Moulton) (March 6, 1806-June 29, 1861) was the most respected female poet of the Victorian era. ... Robert Browning For information about Robert X. Browning, Director of the C-SPAN archives, see Robert X. Browning. ... Charlotte Brontë (IPA: ) (April 21, 1816 – March 31, 1855) was an English novelist, the eldest of the three Brontë sisters whose novels have become enduring classics of English literature. ... Portrait by her brother Emily Jane Brontë (July 30, 1818 – December 19, 1848) was an English novelist and poet, best remembered for her only novel Wuthering Heights, which is now an acknowledged classic of English literature. ... Anne Brontë (January 17, 1820 – May 28, 1849) was a British novelist and poet, the youngest of the Brontë literary family. ... Edward Lear, 1812-1888 Eagle Owl, Edward Lear, 1837 Another Edward Lear owl, in his more familiar style Edward Lear (12 May 1812 – 29 January 1888) was an artist, illustrator and writer known for his nonsensical poetry and his limericks, a form which he popularised. ...

In 1847 Anne Brontë published Agnes Grey, Emily Brontë published Wuthering Heights, and Charlotte Brontë published Jane Eyre. Rymer published Varney the Vampire; or, the Feast of Blood. Edgar Allan Poe published a poem: Ulalume. 1847 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Anne Brontë (January 17, 1820 – May 28, 1849) was a British novelist and poet, the youngest of the Brontë literary family. ... Agnes Grey is a novel about a governess of that name, written by Anne Brontë in 1847. ... Portrait by her brother Emily Jane Brontë (July 30, 1818 – December 19, 1848) was an English novelist and poet, best remembered for her only novel Wuthering Heights, which is now an acknowledged classic of English literature. ... Wuthering Heights is Emily Brontës only novel. ... Charlotte Brontë (IPA: ) (April 21, 1816 – March 31, 1855) was an English novelist, the eldest of the three Brontë sisters whose novels have become enduring classics of English literature. ... Jane Eyre is a classic romance novel by Charlotte Brontë which was published in 1847 by Smith, Elder & Company, London, and is one of the most famous British novels of all time. ... Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American poet, short story writer, editor, critic and one of the leaders of the American Romantic Movement. ... Ulalume is a poem written by Edgar Allan Poe in 1847. ...

In 1848 William Makepeace Thackeray's novel, Vanity Fair was published. Elizabeth Gaskell published Mary Barton. Anne Brontë published The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. Grant Allen was born. Edgar Allan Poe published a poem: Eureka. 1848 (MDCCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... William Makepeace Thackeray William Makepeace Thackeray (18 July 1811 – 24 December 1863) was an English novelist of the 19th century. ... Title-page to Vanity Fair, drawn by Thackeray, who furnished the illustrations for many of his earlier editions Vanity Fair: A Novel without a Hero is a novel by William Makepeace Thackeray that satirizes society in early 19th-century England. ... Elizabeth Gaskell Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell (September 29, 1810, London – November 12, 1865, Holybourne, Hampshire, England, UK), often referred to simply as Mrs Gaskell, was a British novelist. ... Mary Barton was Elizabeth Gaskells first novel. ... Anne Brontë (January 17, 1820 – May 28, 1849) was a British novelist and poet, the youngest of the Brontë literary family. ... The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, a novel by Anne Brontë, is concerned with the story of a woman who leaves her abusive, dissolute husband, and who must then support herself and her young son. ... Grant Allen (February 24, 1848 - October 25, 1899) was a science writer, author and novelist; an able upholder of the evolution doctrine and an expounder of Darwinism. ... Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American poet, short story writer, editor, critic and one of the leaders of the American Romantic Movement. ... Eureka (or Heureka; Greek ) is a famous exclamation attributed to Archimedes, see: Eureka (word). ...

In 1849 both Anne Brontë and Edgar Allan Poe died. In the year of his death two of Poe's poems were published: Annabel Lee and The Bells. Dostoyevski published Netochka Nezvanova. The poet Emma Lazarus was born 22 July in New York City. 1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Anne Brontë (January 17, 1820 – May 28, 1849) was a British novelist and poet, the youngest of the Brontë literary family. ... Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American poet, short story writer, editor, critic and one of the leaders of the American Romantic Movement. ... Annabel Lee is the last poem composed by American author Edgar Allan Poe. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: The Bells The Bells is a poem by Edgar Allan Poe. ... Fyodor Dostoevsky. ... Netochka Nezvanova is the enigmatic author of NATO.0+55+3d software, a set of QuickTime externals for Max. ... Emma Lazarus (July 22, 1849 – November 19, 1887) was an American poet born in New York City. ... July 22 is the 203rd day (204th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 162 days remaining. ... Nickname: Big Apple, Gotham Location in the state of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York Boroughs The Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island Settled 1613 Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Area    - City 1,214. ...

In 1850 Alfred Lord Tennyson became Poet Laureate and Robert Louis Stevenson was born 13 November. Two of Edgar Allan Poe's short stories were posthumously published: The Oblong Box and The Oval Portrait. 1850 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Lord Tennyson, Poet Laureate Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson (August 6, 1809 - October 6, 1892) is generally regarded as one of the greatest English poets. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Robert Louis Stevenson Robert Louis (Balfour) Stevenson (November 13, 1850 – December 3, 1894), was a Scottish novelist, poet, and travel writer, and a leading representative of Neo-romanticism in English literature. ... November 13 is the 317th day of the year (318th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 48 days remaining. ... Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American poet, short story writer, editor, critic and one of the leaders of the American Romantic Movement. ... The Oblong Box is a 1969 horror film produced in the UK starring Vincent Price, Hilary Dwyer,Alister Williamson and Christopher Lee. ... The Oval Portrait is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe involving the disturbing tale of a portrait in a chateau. ...

In 1851 Sheridan Le Fanu published Ghost Stories and Tales of Mystery, Herman Melville published Moby Dick and James Fenimore Cooper died 14 September. 1851 (MDCCCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Sheridan Le Fanu Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu (August 28, 1814 – February 7, 1873) was an Irish writer of short stories and mystery novels. ... Herman Melville (August 1, 1819 – September 28, 1891) was an American novelist, essayist and poet. ... Moby-Dick[1] is an 1851 novel by Herman Melville. ... Cooper portrait by John Wesley Jarvis, 1822 James Fenimore Cooper (September 15, 1789 – September 14, 1851) was a prolific and popular American writer of the early 19th century. ... September 14 is the 257th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (258th in leap years). ...

In 1854 Oscar Wilde was born 16 October. 1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Oscar Fingal OFlahertie Wills Wilde (October 16, 1854 – November 30, 1900) was an Irish playwright, novelist, poet, short story writer and Freemason. ... October 16 is the 289th day of the year (290th in leap years). ...

Charles Dickens' prolific creative outpouring gave us David Copperfield (1849-1850) and then Bleak House (1852-1853), Hard Times (1854), Little Dorrit (1855-1857), A Tale of Two Cities (11 July 1859) and Great Expectations (1860-1861). It has been suggested that David Copperfield (character) be merged into this article or section. ... 1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1850 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Bleak House is the ninth novel by Charles Dickens, published in 20 monthly parts between March 1852 and September 1853. ... 1852 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1853 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Hard Times is a novel by Charles Dickens, published in 1854. ... 1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Little Dorrit is a serial novel by Charles Dickens published originally between 1855 and 1857. ... 1855 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... A Tale of Two PENISS (1859) is a historical novel by Charles Dickens; it is moreover a moral novel strongly concerned with themes of guilt, shame, redemption and patriotism. ... July 11 is the 192nd day (193rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 173 days remaining. ... 1859 (MDCCCLIX) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar). ... Great Expectations is a Bildungsroman (a novel tracing the life of the protagonist) by Charles Dickens and first serialized in All the Year Round from December 1860 to August 1861. ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ...

In 1859 Washington Irving died. Dostoyevski published The Village of Stepanchikovo (or The Friend of the Family). Arthur Conan Doyle was born 22 May. 1859 (MDCCCLIX) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar). ... Washington Irving (April 3, 1783–November 28, 1859) was an American author of the early 19th century. ... Fyodor Dostoevsky. ... The Village of Stepanchikovo is a book written by Fyodor Dostoevsky and first published in 1859. ... Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, DL (22 May 1859 – 7 July 1930) was a Scottish author most noted for his stories about the detective Sherlock Holmes, which are generally considered a major innovation in the field of crime fiction, and the adventures of Professor Challenger. ... May 22 is the 142nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (143rd in leap years). ...

1860 Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (Анто́н Па́влович Че́хов) was born 29 January. 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (Анто́н Па́влович Че́хов) (born January 29, 1860 (Jan. ... January 29 is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

In 1861 Robert Goldsmith died. Bliss Carman was born. E. Pauline Johnson was born. 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Bliss Carman , FRSC Bliss Carman, FRSC (April 15, 1861 - June 8, 1929) was a preeminent Canadian poet. ... Emily Pauline Johnson (March 10, 1861 - March 7, 1913) was a Canadian poetess. ...

In 1862 Victor Hugo published Les Misérables. Henry David Thoreau died. Edith Wharton was born. Dostoyevski published The House of the Dead and A Nasty Story. Christina Rossetti published Goblin Market and Other Poems (1862). 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Victor-Marie Hugo (26 February 1802 – 22 May 1885) was a French poet, novelist, playwright, essayist, visual artist, statesman and human rights campaigner, perhaps the most influential exponent of the Romantic movement in France. ... Les Misérables (translated variously from French as The Miserable Ones, The Wretched, The Poor Ones, The Victims) (1862) is a novel by French author Victor Hugo. ... Henry David Thoreau (July 12, 1817 – May 6, 1862; born David Henry Thoreau) was an American author, naturalist, transcendentalist, tax resister, development critic, and philosopher who is most well-known for Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay, Civil Disobedience, an argument for individual resistance... Edith Wharton (January 24, 1862 – August 11, 1937) was an American novelist, short story writer, and designer. ... Fyodor Dostoevsky. ... The House of the Dead is a novel published in 1862 by Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Christina Rossetti Christina Georgina Rossetti (December 5, 1830 – December 29, 1894) was an English poet. ... Goblin Market and Other Poems was Christina Rossettis first volume of poetry, published in 1862. ... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

The late 19th century

In 1863 Jules Verne published Cinq semaines en ballon (Five Weeks in a Balloon). (Verne's Paris au XXe siècle (Paris in the 20th Century) was written, but was not published until 1994). Voyage au centre de la Terre (Journey to the Center of the Earth) came out in 1864 and De la Terre à la Lune (From the Earth to the Moon) in 1865. Verne had by then fully established the "scientific romance" as a genre. Charles Dickens published Our Mutual Friend in installments from 1864 to 1865. Literature by this time was becoming increasingly popular. The European and North American middle-classes were better educated than ever before and more reading was done. At the same time the styles of writing were tending more and more toward plainer language and more broadly understood themes. People were reading about detectives, ghosts, machines, wonders, adventures, tricky situations, unusual turns of fate and romances. Love stories and grudges, explorations and wars, ideas based on scientific positivism and ideas based on nonsense and gibberish were all being published and enjoyed by a readership which could now be termed "the masses". 1863 (MDCCCLXIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar). ... Jules Verne. ... Five Weeks in a Balloon, or, Journeys and Discoveries in Africa by Three Englishmen is an 1863 novel by Jules Verne. ... Five Weeks in a Balloon, or, Journeys and Discoveries in Africa by Three Englishmen is an 1863 novel by Jules Verne (Original French title: Cinq semaines en ballon). ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... For other uses, see Journey to the Center of the Earth (disambiguation). ... 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Engraving from the 1872 Illustrated Edition. ... The projectile, as pictured in an engraving from the 1872 Illustrated Edition. ... 1865 (MDCCCLXV) is a common year starting on Sunday. ... Scientific romance is an archaic name for what is now known as the Science Fiction genre. ... Our Mutual Friend (1864–5) is the last completed novel written by Charles Dickens. ... 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... 1865 (MDCCCLXV) is a common year starting on Sunday. ... // Positivism is a philosophy developed by Auguste Comte (widely regarded as the first true sociologist) in the middle of the 19th century that stated that the only authentic knowledge is scientific knowledge, and that such knowledge can only come from positive affirmation of theories through strict scientific method. ... Nonsense is an utterance or written text in what appears to be a human language or other symbolic system, that does not in fact carry any identifiable meaning. ... Gibberish is a generic term in English for talking that sounds like speech, but has no actual meaning (such as the maves rint ist slanpehed up uthep yongrish). This meaning has also been extended to meaningless text or gobbledygook, such as hogtdkypopgjifgjdfgyfykk. Some gibberish words include guzoinkdiddle, klappamaticallitygoshic, blsbpewfglknrwlknjwerglknjeglknerglkngelj...

In 1864 Nathaniel Hawthorne died. Dostoyevski published Notes from Underground (or Letters from the Underworld). Dostoyevski's concerns and style were singularly original and allow the reader entry to a claustrophobic interior world of the psyche. It is probably correct to describe Dostoyevski as the first Existentialist author. 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Nathaniel Hawthorne (born Nathaniel Hathorne; July 4, 1804 - May 19, 1864) was a 19th century American novelist and short story writer. ... Fyodor Dostoevsky. ... Notes from Underground (also translated in English as Notes from the Underground or Letters from the Underworld) (1864) is a short novel by Fyodor Dostoevsky. ... Psyche can refer to: In psychology and related fields, the psyche is the entirety of the non-physical aspects of a person. ... Existentialism is a philosophical movement emphasizing individualism, individual freedom, and subjectivity. ...

In 1865 Lewis Carroll published Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, combining social satire with nonsense writing and presenting the two of them in the guise of a children's story. Thomas Chandler Haliburton died. Edith Maude Eaton was born. 1865 (MDCCCLXV) is a common year starting on Sunday. ... Lewis Carroll. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Thomas Chandler Haliburton Thomas Chandler Haliburton (December 17, 1796 - August 27, 1865) was one of the first major Canadian authors. ... Edith Maude Eaton, born March 15, 1865 in Macclesfield, Cheshire, England - died April 7, 1914 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, was an author best known under the Chinese pseudonym, Sui Sin Far. ...

1866 Dostoyevski published Crime and Punishment, followed by The Gambler (1867). Mark Twain published The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County. 1866 (MDCCCLXVI) is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Fyodor Dostoevsky. ... Crime and Punishment (Russian: Преступление и наказание) is a novel written by Russian author Fyodor Dostoyevsky. ... The Gambler can refer to: The Gambler (novel), by Fyodor Dostoyevsky The Gambler (Prokofiev), a 1917 opera by Sergei Prokofiev based on the novella The Gambler (comics), created in 1944, a supervillain in the DC Universe who was an enemy of the Green Lantern The Gambler (play), a 1950 drama... 1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, the lead section of this article may need to be expanded. ... The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County (also published as The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County and Jim Smiley and His Jumping Frog) is a short story by Mark Twain. ...

Jules Verne published Les enfants du Capitaine Grant (In Search of the Castaways) 1867-1868 and Vingt mille lieues sous les mers (Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea) in 1870. Cover page of In Search of the Castaways In Search of the Castaways (original title Les Enfants du capitaine Grant, The Children of Captain Grant) is a novel by the French writer Jules Verne, published in 1867-1868. ... 1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1868 (MDCCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea is a classic science fiction novel by French writer Jules Verne (1828–1905), published in 1870 under the title Vingt mille lieues sous les mers. ... 1870 (MDCCCLXX) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ...

In 1868 Dostoyevski published The Idiot. 1868 (MDCCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Fyodor Dostoevsky. ... The Idiot is a novel written by the Russian writer Fyodor Dostoevsky in 1869. ...

In 1869 Mark Twain published Innocents Abroad. Matthew Arnold set a cultural agenda in his book Culture and Anarchy. His views represented one of two polar opposites which would be in struggle against each other for many years to come. The other side of the struggle would be represented by the Aesthetic, Symbolist or Decadent movement. The chief participants in the cultural opposition at this time included, on the so-called decadent side French poets like Jean Moréas, Paul Verlaine, Tristan Corbière, Arthur Rimbaud, Charles Pierre Baudelaire, Stéphane Mallarmé and, in Britain, the Irish writer Oscar Wilde. On the other side were Matthew Arnold, John Ruskin and the tendency amongst the arts toward a utilitarian, constructive and educational ethic. The views of Matthew Arnold and John Ruskin inspired the Arts and Crafts movement and William Morris. This dispute (art for art's sake versus art for the common good) would continue throughout the remainder of the 19th century and much of the 20th. 1869 (MDCCCLXIX) is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, the lead section of this article may need to be expanded. ... Innocents Abroad cover Innocents Abroad, or The New Pilgrims Progress was published by American author Mark Twain in 1869. ... Matthew Arnold Caricature from Punch, 1881: Admit that Homer sometimes nods, That poets do write trash, Our Bard has written Balder Dead, And also Balder-dash Family tree Matthew Arnold (24 December 1822 – 15 April 1888) was an English poet and cultural critic, who worked as an inspector of schools. ... Culture and Anarchy is a book by Matthew Arnold, first published in 1869. ... The Aesthetic movement is a loosely defined movement in art and literature in later nineteenth century Britain. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Decadence was the name given, first by hostile critics, and then triumphantly adopted by some writers themselves, to a number of late nineteenth century fin de siècle writers associated with Symbolism or the Aesthetic movement. ... Jean Moréas (April 15, 1856 - 1910), born Iannis Papadiamontopolos, was a Greek poet who wrote in the French language. ... Paul Verlaine illustrated in the frontispiece of , 1902 Paul Marie Verlaine (March 30, 1844 – January 8, 1896) is considered one of the greatest and most popular of French poets. ... Tristan Corbière (July 18, 1845 – March 1, 1875), born Édouard-Joachim Corbière, a poet from Brittany who wrote in the French language, was born at Coat-Congar, where he lived most of his life and where he died. ... Rimbaud redirects here. ... Charles Baudelaire Charles Pierre Baudelaire (April 9, 1821–August 31, 1867) was one of the most influential French poets. ... Édouard Manet, Portrait of Stéphane Mallarmé . Stéphane Mallarmé (March 18, 1842 – September 9, 1898) was a French poet and critic. ... Oscar Fingal OFlahertie Wills Wilde (October 16, 1854 – November 30, 1900) was an Irish playwright, novelist, poet, short story writer and Freemason. ... Matthew Arnold Caricature from Punch, 1881: Admit that Homer sometimes nods, That poets do write trash, Our Bard has written Balder Dead, And also Balder-dash Family tree Matthew Arnold (24 December 1822 – 15 April 1888) was an English poet and cultural critic, who worked as an inspector of schools. ... Upper: Steel-plate engraving of Ruskin as a young man, made circa 1845, scanned from print made circa 1895. ... Utilitarianism is a suggested theoretical framework for morality, law and politics, based on quantitative maximisation of some definition of utility for society or humanity. ... Ethics is a general term for what is often described as the science (study) of morality. In philosophy, ethical behavior is that which is good or right. ... Matthew Arnold Caricature from Punch, 1881: Admit that Homer sometimes nods, That poets do write trash, Our Bard has written Balder Dead, And also Balder-dash Family tree Matthew Arnold (24 December 1822 – 15 April 1888) was an English poet and cultural critic, who worked as an inspector of schools. ... Upper: Steel-plate engraving of Ruskin as a young man, made circa 1845, scanned from print made circa 1895. ... Artichoke wallpaper, by John Henry Dearle for William Morris & Co. ... William Morris, socialist and innovator in the Arts and Crafts movement William Morris, publisher Davids Charge to Solomon (1882), a stained-glass window by Edward Burne-Jones and William Morris in Trinity Church, Boston, Massachusetts. ...

The Decadent movement was a transitional stage between romanticism and modernism.

In 1870 Charles Dickens died aged 58. Before his death he was working on The Mystery of Edwin Drood (published unfinished). John McCrae was born. Hilaire Belloc was born (27 July). 1870 (MDCCCLXX) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... The Mystery of Edwin Drood is the final novel by Charles Dickens. ... John McCrae Lieutenant Colonel John Alexander McCrae, MD (November 30, 1872 – January 28, 1918) was a Canadian poet, physician, author, artist, soldier during World War I and a surgeon during the battle of Ypres. ... Photograph of Belloc Joseph Hilaire Pierre René Belloc (July 27, 1870–July 16, 1953) was one of the most prolific writers in England during the early twentieth century. ... July 27 is the 208th day (209th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 157 days remaining. ...

In 1872 Dostoyevski published The Possessed (or Demons or The Devils). Lewis Carroll published Through the Looking-Glass and what Alice Found There. Samuel Butler published Erewhon, an early science fiction novel. Jules Verne published Le tour du monde en quatre-vingt jours (Around the World in Eighty Days). 1872 (MDCCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Fyodor Dostoevsky. ... For the theatrical adaptation by Albert Camus, see The Possessed (play). ... Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There (1871) is a work of childrens literature by Lewis Carroll (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson). ... Samuel Butler Samuel Butler (December 4, 1835 - June 18, 1902) was a British writer best known for his satire Erewhon. ... Erewhon, or Over the Range is a novel by Samuel Butler, published anonymously in 1872. ... Science fiction is a form of speculative fiction principally dealing with the impact of imagined science and technology, or both, upon society and persons as individuals. ... Around the World in Eighty Days (French: Le tour du monde en quatre-vingt jours) is a classic adventure novel by Jules Verne, first published in 1872. ... Around the World in Eighty Days (French: Le tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours) is a classic adventure novel by the French writer Jules Verne, first published in 1872. ...

In 1873 Alfred Jarry was born (8 September). 1873 (MDCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Alfred Jarry Alfred Jarry (September 8, 1873 – November 1, 1907) was a French writer born in Laval, Mayenne, France, not far from the border of Brittany; he was of Breton descent on his mothers side. ... September 8 is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years). ...

In 1874 Jules Verne published L'île mystérieuse (The Mysterious Island). 1874 (MDCCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Map of Lincoln Island The Mysterious Island (LÃŽle mystérieuse) is a French novel by Jules Verne, published in 1874. ...

In 1875 Carmen, a French opera by Georges Bizet, with text by Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy, reached the stage. Dostoyevski published The Raw Youth (or The Adolescent). 1875 (MDCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Poster from the 1875 premiere of Carmen Carmen is a French opera by Georges Bizet. ... Georges Bizet. ... Henri Meilhac (February 21, 1831 - 1897), French dramatist, was born in Paris. ... Ludovic Halévy (January 1, 1834 - May 8, 1908), French author, was born in Paris. ... Fyodor Dostoevsky. ... The Raw Youth or The Adolescent (Russian: Подросток), is a novel of Russian writer Fyodor Dostoevsky. ...

In 1876 Lewis Carroll published The Hunting of the Snark. Mark Twain published The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. 1876 (MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Lewis Carrolls The Hunting of the Snark (An Agony in 8 Fits) is a nonsense poem about a group of adventurers hunting a legendary beast. ... The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, by Mark Twain, is a popular 1876 novel about a young boy growing up in the antebellum South. ...

In 1878 Gilbert and Sullivan's operetta HMS Pinafore, or, The Lass That Loved a Sailor was staged. 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... W. S. Gilbert Sir Arthur Sullivan Librettist W. S. Gilbert (1836–1911) and composer Arthur Sullivan (1842–1900) collaborated on a series of fourteen comic operas in Victorian England between 1871 and 1896. ... Operetta (literally, little opera) is a performance art-form similar to opera, though it generally deals with less serious topics. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: HMS Pinafore H.M.S. Pinafore, or The Lass that Loved a Sailor, is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. ...

In 1879 Octave Crémazie died. Gilbert and Sullivan's operetta The Pirates of Penzance, or, The Slave of Duty was staged. 1879 (MDCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Octave Crémazie (April 16, 1827 – January 16, 1879) was a Canadian poet. ... W. S. Gilbert Sir Arthur Sullivan Librettist W. S. Gilbert (1836–1911) and composer Arthur Sullivan (1842–1900) collaborated on a series of fourteen comic operas in Victorian England between 1871 and 1896. ... Operetta (literally, little opera) is a performance art-form similar to opera, though it generally deals with less serious topics. ... Poster announcing the copyright performance at the Bijou Theatre, Paignton The Pirates of Penzance, or The Slave of Duty, is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. ...

In 1880 Dostoyevski published The Brothers Karamazov. 1880 (MDCCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Fyodor Dostoevsky. ... For other uses, see The Brothers Karamazov (disambiguation). ...

In 1881 Dostoyevski died. Oscar Wilde published his first book of poems . Gilbert and Sullivan's operetta Patience, or, Bunthorne's Bride was staged. Mark Twain published The Prince and the Pauper. 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Fyodor Dostoevsky. ... Oscar Fingal OFlahertie Wills Wilde (October 16, 1854 – November 30, 1900) was an Irish playwright, novelist, poet, short story writer and Freemason. ... W. S. Gilbert Sir Arthur Sullivan Librettist W. S. Gilbert (1836–1911) and composer Arthur Sullivan (1842–1900) collaborated on a series of fourteen comic operas in Victorian England between 1871 and 1896. ... Operetta (literally, little opera) is a performance art-form similar to opera, though it generally deals with less serious topics. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: Patience (operetta) This article refers to the operetta. ... The Prince and the Pauper is an 1882 book by Mark Twain that represents his first attempt at historical fiction. ...

In 1882 Gilbert and Sullivan's operetta Iolanthe, or, The Peer and the Peri was staged. Ralph Waldo Emerson died. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow died. Two of America's finest poets gone in one year. 1882 (MDCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar. ... W. S. Gilbert Sir Arthur Sullivan Librettist W. S. Gilbert (1836–1911) and composer Arthur Sullivan (1842–1900) collaborated on a series of fourteen comic operas in Victorian England between 1871 and 1896. ... Operetta (literally, little opera) is a performance art-form similar to opera, though it generally deals with less serious topics. ... Iolanthe, or The Peer and the Peri, is a comic Gilbert and Sullivan operetta in two acts. ... Ralph Waldo Emerson Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 – April 27, 1882) was an American essayist, poet, and leader of the Transcendentalist movement in the early nineteenth century. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

In 1883 Wilhelm Richard Wagner died 13 February. Franz Kafka was born 3 July. 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner (May 22, 1813 – February 13, 1883) was an influential German composer, music theorist, and essayist, primarily known for his groundbreaking symphonic-operas (or music dramas). His compositions are notable for their continuous contrapuntal texture, rich harmonies and orchestration, and elaborate use of leitmotifs: themes... February 13 is the 44th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Kafka at the age of five Franz Kafka (IPA: ) (July 3, 1883 – June 3, 1924) was one of the major German-language novelists and short story writers of the 20th century, whose unique body of writing — much of it incomplete, and published posthumously despite his wish that it be destroyed... July 3 is the 184th day of the year (185th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 181 days remaining. ...

In1884 Mark Twain published The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) is a leap year starting on Tuesday (click on link to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Huckleberry Finn and Jim Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885) by Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens) is commonly accounted as the first Great American Novel. ...

Gilbert and Sullivan's operettas Princess Ida, or, Castle Adamant (1884) and The Mikado, or, The Town of Titipu (1885) arrive on the London stage. W. S. Gilbert Sir Arthur Sullivan Librettist W. S. Gilbert (1836–1911) and composer Arthur Sullivan (1842–1900) collaborated on a series of fourteen comic operas in Victorian England between 1871 and 1896. ... Operetta (literally, little opera) is a performance art-form similar to opera, though it generally deals with less serious topics. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: Princess Ida Wikisource has original text related to this article: The Princess (Tennyson) Princess Ida, or Castle Adamant, is the eighth operetta written by Gilbert and Sullivan. ... The Mikado, or The Town of Titipu, is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert, their ninth of fourteen operatic collaborations. ...

In 1885 H. Rider Haggard published King Solomon's Mines. 1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... H. Rider Haggard, author Sir Henry Rider Haggard (June 22, 1856 – May 14, 1925), born in Norfolk, England, was a Victorian writer of adventure novels set in locations considered exotic by readers in his native England. ... King Solomons Mines, first published in 1885, is a perennially popular novel by the Victorian adventure writer and fabulist, H. Rider Haggard. ...

In 1886 Emily Dickinson died. 1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) is a common year starting on Friday (click on link to calendar) // Events January 18 - Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England. ... A young Emily Dickinson, sometime around 1846-1847, for many years the only known photograph of her. ...

In 1887 Oscar Wilde published The Canterville Ghost. Gilbert and Sullivan's operetta Ruddigore, or, The Witch's Curse was staged. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle published A Study in Scarlet, the first Sherlock Holmes story and the beginning of crime fiction as a genre. H. Rider Haggard published She first serialized in The Graphic from October 1886 to January 1887. 1887 (MDCCCLXXXVII) is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. ... The Canterville Ghost is a popular novella by Oscar Wilde, widely adapted for the screen and stage. ... W. S. Gilbert Sir Arthur Sullivan Librettist W. S. Gilbert (1836–1911) and composer Arthur Sullivan (1842–1900) collaborated on a series of fourteen comic operas in Victorian England between 1871 and 1896. ... Operetta (literally, little opera) is a performance art-form similar to opera, though it generally deals with less serious topics. ... Ruddigore, or The Witchs Curse, is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. ... Arthur Conan Doyle Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle (May 22, 1859 - July 7, 1930) is the British author most famously known for his stories about the detective Sherlock Holmes, which are generally considered a major innovation in the field of crime fiction. ... A Study in Scarlet is a detective mystery story written by Arthur Conan Doyle and published in 1887. ... Sherlock Holmes as imagined by the seminal Holmesian artist, Sidney Paget, in The Strand magazine. ... Sherlock Holmes, pipe-puffing hero of crime fiction, confers with his colleague Dr. Watson; together these characters popularized the genre. ... H. Rider Haggard, author Sir Henry Rider Haggard (June 22, 1856 – May 14, 1925), born in Norfolk, England, was a Victorian writer of adventure novels set in locations considered exotic by readers in his native England. ... SHE may refer to; S.H.E a Taiwanese girl band Standard Hydrogen Electrode, see redox SHE, a British alternative blues band This is a disambiguation page, a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title. ... The Graphic was first published on 4 December 1869. ... 1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) is a common year starting on Friday (click on link to calendar) // Events January 18 - Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England. ... 1887 (MDCCCLXXXVII) is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. ...

In 1888 Oscar Wilde published The Happy Prince and Other Stories. Gilbert and Sullivan's operetta The Yeomen of the Guard, or, The Merryman and his Maid was staged. 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. ... The Happy Prince and Other Stories is an 1888 collection of stories for children by Oscar Wilde. ... W. S. Gilbert Sir Arthur Sullivan Librettist W. S. Gilbert (1836–1911) and composer Arthur Sullivan (1842–1900) collaborated on a series of fourteen comic operas in Victorian England between 1871 and 1896. ... Operetta (literally, little opera) is a performance art-form similar to opera, though it generally deals with less serious topics. ... The Yeomen of the Guard, or The Merryman and his Maid, is the eleventh of Gilbert and Sullivans operettas. ...

Gilbert and Sullivan's operettas The Gondoliers, or, The King of Barataria (1889), Utopia, Limited, or, The Flowers of Progress (1893) and The Grand Duke, or, The Statutory Duel (1896) were all staged. W. S. Gilbert Sir Arthur Sullivan Librettist W. S. Gilbert (1836–1911) and composer Arthur Sullivan (1842–1900) collaborated on a series of fourteen comic operas in Victorian England between 1871 and 1896. ... Operetta (literally, little opera) is a performance art-form similar to opera, though it generally deals with less serious topics. ... The Gondoliers, or The King of Barataria, is a Savoy Opera, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. ... Utopia, Limited, or The Flowers of Progress is a Gilbert and Sullivan operetta. ... The Grand Duke, or The Statutory Duel, was the final operetta written by William S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan. ...

Lewis Carroll's last novel, the two-volume Sylvie and Bruno, was published in 1889 and 1893 respectively. In 1889 Oscar Wilde published The Portrait of Mr. W. H.. 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1890 Sir Arthur Conan Doyle published The Sign of Four. H. Rider Haggard published The Saga of Eric Brighteyes an epic viking novel. Oscar Wilde published The Picture of Dorian Gray. 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar). ... Arthur Conan Doyle Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle (May 22, 1859 - July 7, 1930) is the British author most famously known for his stories about the detective Sherlock Holmes, which are generally considered a major innovation in the field of crime fiction. ... The Sign of Four (1890) was the second novel featuring Sherlock Holmes written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. ... H. Rider Haggard, author Sir Henry Rider Haggard (June 22, 1856 – May 14, 1925), born in Norfolk, England, was a Victorian writer of adventure novels set in locations considered exotic by readers in his native England. ... The term Viking commonly denotes the ship-borne explorers, traders, and warriors of the Norsemen who originated in Scandinavia and raided the coasts of the British Isles, France and other parts of Europe from the late 8th century to the 11th century. ... The Picture of Dorian Gray is the only novel to be published by Oscar Wilde, and was first published as the lead story in Lippincotts Monthly Magazine on 20 June 1890. ...

In 1891 Herman Melville died. Oscar Wilde published Lord Arthur Saville’s Crime and other Stories, Intentions and House of Pomegranates. Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... Herman Melville (August 1, 1819 – September 28, 1891) was an American novelist, essayist and poet. ... The Young King IT was the night before the day fixed for his coronation, and the young King was sitting alone in his beautiful chamber. ...

In 1892 Sir Arthur Conan Doyle published The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Arthur Conan Doyle Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle (May 22, 1859 - July 7, 1930) is the British author most famously known for his stories about the detective Sherlock Holmes, which are generally considered a major innovation in the field of crime fiction. ... The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes is a collection of twelve stories by Arthur Conan Doyle, featuring his famous detective and illustrated by Sidney Paget. ...

In 1893 Oscar Wilde staged two plays: Salomé (French version) and Lady Windermere's Fan. His A Woman of No Importance and the English version of Salomé followed in 1894. 1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Salomé, originally written in French in 1891 and translated into English, is a tragedy by the Irish-born playwright Oscar Wilde. ... Oscar Wilde. ... A Woman of No Importance program from 1930 A Woman of No Importance book cover, New Mermaids edition (softback) A Woman of No Importance is a play by Irish playwright Oscar Wilde. ... Salomé, originally written in French in 1891 and translated into English, is a tragedy by the Irish-born playwright Oscar Wilde. ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1894 Sir Arthur Conan Doyle published The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes. Robert Louis Stevenson died 3 December. Mark Twain published Tom Sawyer Abroad and Pudd'n'head Wilson. 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Arthur Conan Doyle Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle (May 22, 1859 - July 7, 1930) is the British author most famously known for his stories about the detective Sherlock Holmes, which are generally considered a major innovation in the field of crime fiction. ... The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes is a collection of Sherlock Holmes stories, originally published in 1894, by Arthur Conan Doyle. ... Robert Louis Stevenson Robert Louis (Balfour) Stevenson (November 13, 1850 – December 3, 1894), was a Scottish novelist, poet, and travel writer, and a leading representative of Neo-romanticism in English literature. ... December 3 is the 337th (in leap years the 338th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Tom Sawyer Abroad is a novel by Mark Twain published in 1894. ... Puddnhead Wilson is a novel by Mark Twain. ...

Oscar Wilde was in prison for "gross indecency" from 1895 to 1897. Oscar Fingal OFlahertie Wills Wilde (October 16, 1854 – November 30, 1900) was an Irish playwright, novelist, poet, short story writer and Freemason. ... 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1896 Giacomo Puccini's opera La Bohème was staged, as was Chekov's play The Seagull. H. G. Wells published The Time Machine and The Island of Dr. Moreau. William Morris died 3 October. Mark Twain published Tom Sawyer, Detective. Alfred Jarry, only 23 years old, wrote his highly influential play Ubu Roi, which is often cited as a forerunner to the theatre of the absurd. 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Giacomo Puccini Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini (December 22, 1858 – November 29, 1924) was an Italian composer whose operas, including La bohème, Tosca, and Madama Butterfly, are among the most frequently performed in the standard repertoire[1]. Some of his melodies, such as O mio babbino caro... La bohème[1] is an opera in four acts by Giacomo Puccini to an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa, based on Scènes de la vie de Bohème by Henri Murger. ... The Seagull is the first of what are generally considered to be Anton Chekhovs four major plays. ... Herbert George Wells (September 21, 1866 – August 13, 1946), better known as H. G. Wells, was an English writer best known for such science fiction novels as The Time Machine, The War of the Worlds, The Invisible Man, and The Island of Doctor Moreau. ... The Time Machine is a novel by H. G. Wells, first published in 1895, later made into two films of the same title. ... // The Island of Doctor Moreau is an 1896 science fiction novel written by H. G. Wells, addressing ideas of society and community, human nature and identity, religion, Darwinism, eugenics, and the dangers of unchecked and irresponsible scientific research. ... William Morris, socialist and innovator in the Arts and Crafts movement William Morris, publisher Davids Charge to Solomon (1882), a stained-glass window by Edward Burne-Jones and William Morris in Trinity Church, Boston, Massachusetts. ... October 3 is the 276th day of the year (277th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Tom Sawyer, Detective is an 1896 novel by Mark Twain. ... Alfred Jarry Alfred Jarry (September 8, 1873 – November 1, 1907) was a French writer born in Laval, Mayenne, France, not far from the border of Brittany; he was of Breton descent on his mothers side. ... Ubu Roi (King Ubu) is a play written by Alfred Jarry in 1896 that is widely acknowledged as a theatrical precursor to the Absurdist, Dada and Surrealist art movements. ... The Theatre of the Absurd or Le Théâtre de lAbsurde is a phrase used in reference to particular plays written by a number of primarily European playwrights in the late 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s, as well as to the style of theatre which has evolved from their work. ...

In 1897 Bram Stoker published Dracula. H.G. Wells published The Invisible Man. 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Abraham Bram Stoker (November 8, 1847–April 20, 1912) was an Irish writer, best remembered as the author of the influential horror novel Dracula. ... Dracula is an 1897 novel by Irish author Bram Stoker, and the name of its primary character, the vampire Count Dracula. ... See Invisible Man for the novel by Ralph Ellison. ...

In 1898 Henry James published The Turn of the Screw. H.G. Wells publishes The War of the Worlds. Oscar Wilde published The Ballad of Reading Gaol. 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses of this name, see Henry James (disambiguation). ... The Turn of the Screw is a novella written by Henry James. ... The War of the Worlds (1898), by H. G. Wells, is an early science fiction novel (or novella) which describes an invasion of England by aliens from Mars. ... The Ballad of Reading Gaol is a famous poem by Oscar Wilde, written after his release from Reading prison on 19 May 1897. ...

In 1899 Chekov's play Uncle Vanya was staged. Mark Twain published A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court. H.G. Wells published When The Sleeper Wakes. Grant Allen died. Oscar Wilde staged his plays The Importance of Being Earnest and An Ideal Husband one year before his death in 1900. 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Anton Chekhov (left) and Maxim Gorky in Yalta. ... A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court is an 1889 novel by American humorist and writer Mark Twain. ... The Sleeper Awakes is a dystopian novel by H. G. Wells about a man who sleeps for two hundred and three years, waking up in a completely transformed London, where, because of compound interest on his bank accounts, he has become the richest man in the world. ... Grant Allen (February 24, 1848 - October 25, 1899) was a science writer, author and novelist; an able upholder of the evolution doctrine and an expounder of Darwinism. ... The Importance of Being Earnest The Importance of Being Earnest is a play by Oscar Wilde, a comedy of manners in either three or four acts (depending on edition) inspired by W. S. Gilberts Engaged. ... An Ideal Husband is an 1895 comedy by Oscar Wilde which revolves around blackmail and political corruption, and touches on the themes of public and private honor. ... 1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, but a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. ...

When the Nineteenth century ended the genres of horror, ghost stories, westerns, children's literature, crime fiction, science fiction, historical novels and fantasy had all been established. Horror fiction is, broadly, fiction in any medium intended to scare, unsettle, or horrify the reader. ... A ghost story may be any piece of fiction, or drama, that includes a ghost, or simply takes as a premise the possibility of ghosts or the belief of some character(s) in them. ... Western fiction is a genre of literature that is typically set in any of the American states west of the Mississippi River and between the years of approximately 1860 and 1900. ... Jane Frank: illustration from Thomas Yoseloffs The Further Adventures of Till Eulenspiegel (1957). ... Sherlock Holmes, pipe-puffing hero of crime fiction, confers with his colleague Dr. Watson; together these characters popularized the genre. ... Science fiction is a form of speculative fiction principally dealing with the impact of imagined science and technology, or both, upon society and persons as individuals. ... A historical novel is a novel in which the story is set among historical events, or more generally, in which the time of the action predates the lifetime of the author. ... Fantasy is a genre of art that uses magic and other supernatural forms as a primary element of plot, theme, or setting. ...

See main article: Modern European Literature

See also: List of years in literature: This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ...

1800s - 1810s - 1820s - 1830s - 1840s - 1850s - 1860s - 1870s - 1880s - 1890s - 1900s - This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ...

Modernism

Modernist poetry

Modernist poetry is a mode of writing characterised by technical innovation in the mode of versification (sometimes referred to as free verse) and by the dislocation of the 'I' of the poet as a means of subverting the notion of an unproblematic poetic 'self' directly addressing an equally unproblematic ideal reader or audience. In English, it is generally considered to have emerged in the early years of the 20th century. Free verse (also at times referred to as vers libre) is a term describing various styles of poetry that are not written using strict meter or rhyme, but that still are recognizable as poetry by virtue of complex patterns of one sort or another that readers can perceive to be... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...

These two facets of modernist poetry are intimately connected with each other. The dislocation of the authorial presence is achieved through the application of such techniques as collage, found poetry, visual poetry, the juxtaposition of apparently unconnected materials, etc. In the best examples of modernist writing, these techniques are used not for their own sake but to open up questions in the mind of the reader. The Chinese poem Quatrain on Heavenly Mountain by Emperor Gaozong (Song Dynasty) Poetry (from the Greek , poiesis, making or creating) is a form of art in which language is used for its aesthetic qualities in addition to, or in lieu of, its ostensible meaning. ... Collage (From the French: , to stick) is regarded as a work of visual arts made from an assemblage of different forms, thus creating a new whole. ... Found poetry is the rearrangement of words or phrases that are taken (sometimes randomly) from other sources (example: clipped newspaper headlines, bits of advertising copy, handwritten cards pulled from a hat) in a manner that gives the rearranged words a completely new meaning. ... Concrete poetry is poetry in which the typographical arrangement of words is as important in conveying the intended effect as the conventional elements of the poem, such as meaning of words, rhythm, rhyme and so on. ...

Modernist poetry in English is often viewed as an American phenomenon in origin, with leading exponents including Ezra Pound, Marianne Moore, William Carlos Williams, H.D., and Louis Zukofsky, but there were a number of important British modernist poets, including David Jones, Hugh MacDiarmid, Mina Loy, and Basil Bunting. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Ezra Pound in 1913. ... Marianne Moore photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1948 Marianne Moore (December 11, 1887 - February 5, 1972) was a Modernist American poet and writer. ... William Carlos Williams Dr. William Carlos Williams (sometimes known as WCW) (September 17, 1883 – March 4, 1963), was an American poet closely associated with modernism and Imagism. ... H.D. in the mid 1910s Hilda Doolittle (September 10, 1886, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania – September 27, 1961, Zürich), prominently known only by her initials H.D., was an American poet, novelist and memoirist. ... The cover of the 1978 edition of Zukofskys long poem A. Louis Zukofsky (January 23, 1904 - May 12, 1978) was one of the most important second-generation American modernist poets. ... David Jones CH (November 1, 1895-1974) was both an artist and one of the most important first generation British modernist poets. ... Hugh MacDiarmid was the pen name of Christopher Murray Grieve (August 11, 1892, Langholm - September 9, 1978), perhaps the most important Scottish poet of the 20th century. ... Image:Loy-Haweis1904. ... Basil Cheesman Bunting (March 3, 1900 – 1985) was a British modernist poet. ...

The influence of modernism can be seen in such later poetic groups and movements as the Objectivists, the Beat generation, the Black Mountain poets, the deep image group, the L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E poets and the British Poetry Revival. William Carlos Williams, who was the only poet to be published as both an Objectivist and an Imagist The Objectivist poets were a loose-knit group of second-generation Modernists who emerged in the 1930s. ... The Beat Generation was a group of American writers who came to prominence in the late 1950s and early 1960s. ... The Black Mountain poets, sometimes called the Projectivist poets, were a group of mid 20th century American avant-garde or postmodern poets centered around Black Mountain College. ... Deep image is a term coined by Jerome Rothenberg and Robert Kelly in the second issue of Trobar, and was used to describe poetry written by him and by Robert Kelly, Diane Wakoski and Clayton Eshleman. ... The Language poets (or L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E poets, after the magazine that bears that name) are an avant garde group or tendency in United States poetry that emerged in the late 1960s and early 1970s; its central figures are all actively writing, teaching, and performing... The British Poetry Revival is the general name given to a loose poetic movement in Britain that took place in the 1960s and 1970s. ...

Modernist prose

Main article: Modernist_literature

The Modernist form of prose began from the styles of writing popular in the mid to late 19th century: The nonsense books of Edward Lear and Lewis Carroll were one influence. Another was the dark gothic brooding of Mary Shelley, Bram Stoker, Edgar Allan Poe and Dostoyevski. These tendencies toward rebellious nonsense and morose introspection were, to some extent, reactions against the science and positivism of the Victorian era mindset. At the same time, however, science continued to influence writers to adopt a spirit of experimentalism. This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... This article focuses on the cultural movement labeled modernism or the modern movement. See also: Modernism (Roman Catholicism) or Modernist Christianity; Modernismo for specific art movement(s) in Spain and Catalonia. ... Edward Lear, 1812-1888 Eagle Owl, Edward Lear, 1837 Another Edward Lear owl, in his more familiar style Edward Lear (12 May 1812 – 29 January 1888) was an artist, illustrator and writer known for his nonsensical poetry and his limericks, a form which he popularised. ... Lewis Carroll. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Gothic novel. ... Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (30th August 1797-1st February 1851) was an English romantic/gothic novelist, the author of Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus. ... Abraham Bram Stoker (November 8, 1847–April 20, 1912) was an Irish writer, best remembered as the author of the influential horror novel Dracula. ... Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American poet, short story writer, editor, critic and one of the leaders of the American Romantic Movement. ... Fyodor Dostoevsky. ... hhi comm arts fiends!!! said ronnie and phil Queen Victoria (shown here on the morning of her Ascension to the Throne, 20 June 1837) gave her name to the historic era The Victorian Era of Great Britain marked the height of the British industrial revolution and the apex of the...

In 1902 Joseph Conrad published Heart of Darkness, which threw representations of civilised society into sharp contrast with representations of the jungle and played both of them in relation to the human heart and soul. 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Joseph Conrad. ... Heart of Darkness is a novella by Joseph Conrad. ...

In the first half of the 20th century writers such as Franz Kafka and James Joyce experimented with dislocations of conventional wisdom in their creations of distorted characters, locations and narrative styles. Literary experiments in form, matching those taking place in modernist painting and sculpture of the same period, challenged the reader to re-examine and deconstruct preconceptions about the world. Bertholt Brecht created modernist theatrical productions according to his theory of the alienation effect which was supposed to make the audience think and feel in new and critical ways by removing comfortable assumptions and not permitting the narrative to appear too much like reality. Kafka at the age of five Franz Kafka (IPA: ) (July 3, 1883 – June 3, 1924) was one of the major German-language novelists and short story writers of the 20th century, whose unique body of writing — much of it incomplete, and published posthumously despite his wish that it be destroyed... James Joyce James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (Irish Seamus Seoighe; 2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) was an Irish writer and poet, widely considered to be one of the most influential writers of the 20th century. ... Conventional wisdom is a term coined by the economist John Kenneth Galbraith, used to describe certain ideas or explanations that are generally accepted as true by the public. ... In contemporary philosophy and social sciences, the term deconstruction denotes a process by which the texts and languages of (particularly) Western philosophy appear to shift and complicate in meaning when read in light of the assumptions they suggest about and absences they reveal within themselves. ... Bertolt Brecht (February 10, 1898 _ August 14, 1956) was an influential German dramatist, stage director, and poet of the 20th century. ... The alienation effect (from the German Verfremdungseffekt) is a theatrical and cinematic device which prevents the audience from losing itself passively and completely in the character created by the actor, and which consequently leads the audience to be a consciously critical observer. ...

See main article: Modernism See also: western canon See also: List of years in literature: Modernism is a trend of thought which affirms the power of human beings to make, improve, deconstruct and reshape their built and designed environment, with the aid of scientific knowledge, technology and practical experimentation, thus in its essence both progressive and optimistic. ... The Western canon is a canon of books and art (and specifically one with very loose boundaries) that has allegedly been highly influential in shaping Western culture. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ...

1900s - 1910s - 1920s - 1930s - 1940s - 1950s - 1960s - 1970s - 1980s - 1990s - 2000s This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ... This page indexes the individual year in literature pages. ...

Modern Literature Europe

• French literature of the 19th century
• European literature

This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

Modern Literature in the Americas

See main articles in: Argentine literature, Category:Brazilian literature, Literature of Canada, Category:Colombian literature, Category:Cuban literature, Category:Jamaican literature, Mexican literature, Category:Peruvian writers, Literature of the United States Jorge Luis Borges Argentine literature is placed among the most important in Spanish language, with world-famous writers such as José Hernández, Jorge Luis Borges, Manuel Puig, Julio Cortázar and Ernesto Sábato. ... How to describe the literature of a nation is often debatable, and is also in natural flux throughout the nations history, so this beginners guide to Canadian literature will offer links to as many actual Canadian authors as possible so the reader can weigh what is being said... Mexican literature plays an important role in Mexican culture. ... This topic is considered to be an essential subject on Wikipedia. ...

Australian Literature

See Australian literature, New Zealand literature Australian literature in English began soon after the establishment of the country by Europeans. ... New Zealand claims as its own many writers, even those immigrants born overseas or those emigrants who have gone into exile. ...

Modern Asian Literature

See main article: Modern Asian Literature, Category:Chinese literature, Category:Indian literature, Category:Literature of Pakistan, Category:Japanese literature

African Literature

See main articles: African literature, Category:Nigerian literature, South African literature This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... South Africa has a diverse literary history. ...

Structuralism, Deconstruction, Poststructuralism, Postmodernism and Post-Colonialism

See: Thomas Pynchon and main articles: Structuralism, Deconstruction, Poststructuralism, Postmodernism and Post-Colonialism Thomas Ruggles Pynchon, Jr. ... Structuralism is best known as a theory in the humanities. ... In contemporary philosophy and social sciences, the term deconstruction denotes a process by which the texts and languages of (particularly) Western philosophy appear to shift and complicate in meaning when read in light of the assumptions they suggest about and absences they reveal within themselves. ... Post-structuralism is a body of work that followed in the wake of structuralism, and sought to understand the Western world as a network of structures, as in structuralism, but in which such structures are ordered primarily by local, shifting differences (as in deconstruction) rather than grand binary oppositions and... Andy Warhols iconic Marilyn Monroe Postmodernism is an idea that has been extremely controversial and difficult to define among scholars, intellectuals, and historians, because the term implies to many that the modern historical period has passed. ... This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...

Hypertext fiction

See main article: Hypertext fiction Hypertext fiction is a genre of electronic literature, characterized by the use of hypertext which provides a new context for non-linearity in literature and reader interaction. ...

See also

• History of theater
• History of science fiction
• History of ideas
• Intellectual history
• Literature by nationality

This article or section contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ... This article is on science fiction literature. ... The history of ideas is a field of research in history that deals with the expression, preservation, and change of human ideas over time. ... Intellectual history means either: the history of intellectuals, or: the history of the people who create, discuss, write about and in other ways propagate ideas. ...

External links

• The Literary Encyclopedia