|
History of the Jews in Ukraine
Kievan Rus’
- Main article: Kievan Rus’
Ivan Goryushkin-Skoropudov. ...
Halych-Volynia - Main article: Halych-Volynia
Halych-Volynia principality was the Ruthenian successor state of Kievan Rus on the territory of Rus menora (Rus propria) including the lands of Red Ruthenia, Black Ruthenia, and the remainder of southwestern Rus. This state also briefly controlled the region of Bessarabia and Moldavia. ...
14th Century - Main article: 14th century
This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ...
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Main article: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
From the founding of the Kingdom of Poland in the 10th century through the creation of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1569, Poland was one of the most tolerant countries in Europe. It became home to one of the world's largest and most vibrant Jewish communities. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
The state formed by Boleslaus I of Poland in 1025 during his coronation. ...
As a means of recording the passage of time, the 10th century was that century which lasted from 901 to 1000. ...
Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Events January 11 - First recorded lottery in England. ...
World map showing Europe Europe is conventionally considered one of the seven continents of Earth which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiogeographic one. ...
Cossack era - Main article: Khmelnytskyi Uprising
See also: History of Cossacks Combatants Cossacks Poland-Lithuania Commanders Bohdan Khmelnytsky Mikołaj Potocki, Jeremi Wiśniowiecki Khmelnytskyi Uprising (also Chmielnicki Uprising or Chmielnicki Rebellion) is the name of a civil war in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the years 1648–1654. ...
Early Cossacks history Cossacks came to existence in the territories of todays Ukraine around 13th century, as a result of early medieval migrations of peoples in Europe. ...
Bohdan Khmelnytsky told the people that the Poles had sold them as slaves "into the hands of the accursed Jews." With this as their battle-cry, the Cossacks massacred a huge number of Jews during the years 1648–1649. The precise number of dead may never be known, but estimates range from a minimum 50,000 to several hundred thousands Jews killed: 300 Jewish communities were totally destroyed. The Commonwealth population losses in the Uprising were over one million citizens killed. In reprisals, many thousands of Cossacks and peasantry supporting them were also murdered. Bohdan Zynovii Mykhailovych Khmelnytskyi (Богдан Зиновій Михайлович Хмельницький in Ukrainian, commonly transliterated as Khmelnytsky; known in Polish as Bogdan Zenobi Chmielnicki; in Russian as Bohdan Khmelnitsky) ( 1595 – August 6, 1657) was a Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth noble of Polish or Ruthenian origin, leader of the Zaporozhian Cossack Hetmanate, hetman of Ukraine, noted for...
Russian and Austrian rule See also: Partitions of Poland The Partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, commonly known as the Partitions of Poland (Polish: Rozbiór Polski or Rozbiory Polski; Lithuanian: Padalijimas) took place in the 18th century and ended the existence of the sovereign Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ...
 Map of the Pale of Settlement The traditional measures of keeping Russia free of Jews failed when the main territory of Poland was annexed during the partitions. During the second (1793) and the third (1795) partitions, large populations of Jews were taken over by Russia, and the Tsar established a Pale of Settlement that included Poland and Crimea. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (536x666, 101 KB) Summary Source: [1] See also [2], [3] This article incorporates text from the public domain 1901-1906 Jewish Encyclopedia Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (536x666, 101 KB) Summary Source: [1] See also [2], [3] This article incorporates text from the public domain 1901-1906 Jewish Encyclopedia Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this...
The Partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, commonly known as the Partitions of Poland (Polish: Rozbiór Polski or Rozbiory Polski; Lithuanian: Padalijimas) took place in the 18th century and ended the existence of the sovereign Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ...
1793 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
1795 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...
The Pale of Settlement (Russian: Черта оÑедлоÑти - cherta osedlosti) was a western border region of Imperial Russia in which permanent residence of Jews was allowed, extending from the pale or demarcation line, to near the border with eastern/central Europe. ...
Motto: Процветание в единÑтве - Prosperity in unity Anthem: Ðивы и горы твои волшебны, Родина - Your fields amd mounts are wonderful, Motherland Capital Simferopol Largest cities Simferopol, Eupatoria, Kerch, Theodosia, Yalta Official language Ukrainian. ...
See also Pavel Borissovich Axelrod (1850-1928). ...
(help· info) (Russian: Лев Давидович Троцкий; also transliterated Leo, Lev, Trotskii, Trotski, Trotskij and Trotzky) (November 7 [O.S. October 26] 1879 – August 21, 1940), born Lev Davidovich Bronstein (Лев Давидович Бронштейн), was a Bolshevik revolutionary and Marxist theorist. ...
Russian Revolution of 1905 - Main article: Russian Revolution of 1905
The Russian Revolution of 1905 was an empire-wide spasm of both anti-government and undirected violence. ...
Menahem Mendel Beilis (Russian: ; 1874-1934) was a Ukrainian Jew accused of murder in a notorious trial, known as the Beilis trial. ...
Dmitry Grigoriyevich Bogrov (Russian: Дмитрий Григорьевич Богров) a. ...
A Bundist demonstration, 1917 The General Jewish Labour Union of Lithuania, Poland and Russia, in Yiddish the Algemeyner Yidisher Arbeter Bund in Lite, Poyln un Rusland (×Ö·×œ×’×ž×²Ö·× ×¢×¨ ײדישער ×Ö·×¨×‘×²×˜×¢×¨×¡×‘×•× ×“ ×ין ליט×Ö·, פוילין ×ון רוסל×Ö·× ×“), generally called The Bund (×‘×•× ×“) or the Jewish Labor Bund, was a Jewish political party operating in several European countries between the 1890s and the...
First World War - Main article: World War I
Combatants Allies: • Serbia, • Russia, • France, • Romania, • Belgium, • British Empire and Dominions, • United States, • Italy, • ...and others Central Powers: • Germany, • Austria-Hungary, • Ottoman Empire, • Bulgaria Casualties Military dead: 5 million Civilian dead: 3 million Total: 8 million Full list Military dead: 3 million Civilian dead: 3 million Total: 6 million Full...
February Revolution - Main article: February Revolution
The February Revolution of 1917 in Russia was the first stage of the Russian Revolution of 1917. ...
Ukrainian People's Republic - Main article: Ukrainian People's Republic
During the rule of Symon Petlura, a series of mass pogroms were perpetrated against the Jews of Ukraine. Estimated 100,000 of civilian Jews were murdered. Some historians have claimed that Petliura did nothing to stop the pogroms, but some have claimed that he himself was not an anti-Semite and he tried to stop them by introducing capital punishment for the crime of pogromming, and that Petliura's only crime was being the head of state of country where the pogroms happened. Ukrainian Peoples Republic (Ukrainian: ), also sometimes translated as Ukrainian National Republic, abbreviated UNR (УÐÐ ), was a republic in part of the territory of modern Ukraine after the Russian Revolution, eventually headed by Symon Petliura. ...
Symon Petlyura (Симон Петлюра; also spelt Simon, Semen, Semyen Petliura or Petlura, May 10, 1879 – May 25, 1926) was a Ukrainian politician. ...
Pogrom (from Russian: ; from громить - to wreak havoc, to demolish violently) is a form of riot, a massive violent attack on a particular group; ethnic, religious or other, primarily characterized by destruction of their environment (homes, businesses, religious centers). ...
The Eternal Jew: 1937 German poster. ...
October Revolution - Main article: October Revolution
The October Revolution, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was the second phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, the first having been instigated by the events around the February Revolution. ...
Soviet Ukraine - Main article: Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
State motto: Пролетарі всіх країн, єднайтеся! Official language None. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_Ukrainian_SSR.svg Summary The flag of the Ukrainian SSR Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: List of flags Ukrainian SSR Flag of Ukrainian SSR Flags of the Soviet Republics User:Elmo12456♣/Flags of the world list ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_Ukrainian_SSR.svg Summary The flag of the Ukrainian SSR Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: List of flags Ukrainian SSR Flag of Ukrainian SSR Flags of the Soviet Republics User:Elmo12456♣/Flags of the world list ...
State motto: Пролетарі всіх країн, єднайтеся! Official language None. ...
Ukrainian Revolution
Main article: Ukrainian Revolution Nestor Makhno in 1909 Nestor Ivanovich Makhno (October 27, 1889–July 25, 1934) was an anarcho-communist Ukrainian revolutionary who refused to align with the Bolsheviks after the October Revolution. ...
There were many Jews in the Black Guards, and in the Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine. Black Guards (Russian: ) were armed groups of workers formed in the time frame of the Third Russian Revolution. ...
The Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine was am anarchist force under the command of the famous anarchist Nestor Makhno during the Russian civil war. ...
See also Peter Andreyevich Arshinov (Пётр Андреевич Аршинов in Russian) (1887 - c. ...
The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination of these attributes. ...
Anarchism is a generic term describing various political philosophies and social movements that advocate the elimination of hierarchy and imposed authority. ...
Fanya Baron (Ð¤Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð‘Ð°Ñ€Ð¾Ð½ ) (? - 1921) was a Russian anarchist revolutionary who is rumoured to have assassinated the head of the Okhrana (tsarist secret police). ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Sholom Schwartzbard (1886-1938) was an anarchist and political assassin, who was acquitted by a French jury of the assassination of Symon Petlura. ...
Vsevolod Mikhailovich Eikhenbaum (August 11, 1882 - September 18, 1945), known in later life as Voline (Волин), was a leading Russian anarchist. ...
Ukraine between the world wars - Main article: Interbellum
An interbellum is a period between wars. ...
Ukraine in World War II - Main article: Reichskommissariat Ukraine
 A member of Einsatzgruppe D prepares to murder the last Jew in Vinnitsa, Ukraine, seen kneeling before a filled mass grave, on the Jewish New Year in September, 1941. Picture from an Einsatzgruppen soldier's personal album, labelled "Last Jew of Vinnitsa," all 28,000 Jews from Vinnitsa and its surrounding areas were massacred. Total civilian losses during the War and German occupation in Ukraine are estimated at seven million, including over a million Jews shot and killed by the Einsatzgruppen and Ukrainian collaborators. Jews were also targeted by Ukrainian nationalists in Nazi-backed pogroms, such as the ones in Lviv that killed over six thousand people. Reichskommissariat Ukraine was a Nazi German administrative district, under the civilian occupation of conquered territories of central and eastern Ukraine during World War II. Adolf Hitler,always sense hate to Jew-Bolshevism,with heavy hate also to Untermenschen Slavs. ...
German soldiers of the Waffen-SS and the Reich Labor Service look on as a member of Einsatzgruppe D executes a Jew kneeling before a filled mass grave in Vinnitsa, Ukraine, in 1942. ...
German soldiers of the Waffen-SS and the Reich Labor Service look on as a member of Einsatzgruppe D executes a Jew kneeling before a filled mass grave in Vinnitsa, Ukraine, in 1942. ...
Vinnytsia, or Vinnytsya (Ukrainian Вінниця, Polish: Winnica) is a city in central Ukraine, located on the banks of Pivdennyi Buh River in 270 km far from the capital Kyiv. ...
Einsatzgruppen (a German military term meaning mission groups, loosely translated as Task Force) were semi-military groups formed in Nazi Germany before and during World War II. These death squads belonged to the SS and followed the Wehrmacht in their attacks first on Poland and then the Soviet Union. ...
The Russian word pogrom (погром) refers to a massive violent attack on people with simultaneous destruction of their environment (homes, businesses, religious centers). ...
Lviv (Ukrainian: Львів, L’viv ; Polish: Lwów; Russian: Львов, Lvov; German: Lemberg; Latin: Leopolis; see also Cities alternative names) is a city in western Ukraine, the capital city of the Lviv Oblast (province) and one of the main cultural centres of Ukraine. ...
 Locations of mass killings carried out by the Nazi Einsatzgruppen in the southern Soviet Union. Over a million Jews were killed. Image File history File links Ukraine_massacres. ...
Image File history File links Ukraine_massacres. ...
Einsatzgruppen (a German military term meaning mission groups, loosely translated as Task Force) were semi-military groups formed in Nazi Germany before and during World War II. These death squads belonged to the SS and followed the Wehrmacht in their attacks first on Poland and then the Soviet Union. ...
See also The Odessa Massacre was the extermination of Jews and Communists in Odessa during the autumn of 1941. ...
Post-war - Main article: Post-war
- Main article: Cold War
This article should be transwikied to wiktionary The term post-war is generally used for the period after the end of World War II, i. ...
The Cold War was the protracted geopolitical, ideological, and economic struggle that emerged after World War II between the global superpowers of the Soviet Union and the United States, supported by their respective and emerging alliance partners. ...
Paul Avrich is a professor and historian. ...
Independence - Main article: Ukraine
See also |
Feeds |
Contact