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This is an overview of the history of theology in Greek thought, Christianity, Judaism and Islam from the time of Christ to the present. in 1930 was when the first traces of humans where discovered by cochroaches. ...
Theology (Greek θεος, theos, God, + λογια, logia, words, sayings, or discourse) is reasoned discourse concerning religion, spirituality and gods. ...
Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ...
Judaism is the religion of the Jewish people. ...
Islam (Arabic: ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. ...
Christ is the English translation of the Greek word (Christós), which literally means The Anointed One. ...
[edit] Ancient Greek and Hellenistic theology
[edit] Classical Greek theology Various forms of systematic and philosophical reflection on Ancient Greek religion and Greek mythology arose in the classical period — from Hesiod's attempts to organize the diverse materials of mythology into a unified Theogony to the more properly philosophical analysis reportedly carried out by Socrates. Bust, traditionally thought to be Seneca, now identified by some as Hesiod. ...
Greek religion encompasses the collection of beliefs and rituals practiced in Ancient Greece in form of cult practices, thus the practical counterpart of Greek mythology. ...
The bust of Zeus found at Otricoli (Sala Rotonda, Museo Pio-Clementino, Vatican) Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the ancient Greeks, concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world and their own cult and ritual practices. ...
Bust, traditionally thought to be Seneca, now identified by some as Hesiod. ...
Wikisource has original text related to this article: Theogony Wikisource has original text related to this article: Theogony (in Greek) Theogony is a poem by Hesiod describing the origins of the gods of ancient Greek religion. ...
Socrates (Greek: , invariably anglicized as , Sǒcratēs; circa 470–399 BCE) was an ancient Greek philosopher who is widely credited for laying the foundation for Western philosophy. ...
Influential texts include:
See main article: Ancient Greek religion, section on Theology Bust, traditionally thought to be Seneca, now identified by some as Hesiod. ...
Wikisource has original text related to this article: Theogony Wikisource has original text related to this article: Theogony (in Greek) Theogony is a poem by Hesiod describing the origins of the gods of ancient Greek religion. ...
Centuries: 9th century BC - 8th century BC - 7th century BC Decades: 750s BC 740s BC 730s BC 720s BC 710s BC - 700s BC - 690s BC 680s BC 670s BC 660s BC 650s BC Events and Trends 708 BC - Spartan immigrants found Taras (Tarentum, the modern Taranto) colony in southern Italy. ...
For other uses, see Plato (disambiguation). ...
Timaeus is a theoretical treatise of Plato in the form of a Socratic dialogue, written circa 360 BC The work puts forward speculation on the nature of the physical world. ...
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Aristotle (Greek: Aristotélēs) (384 BC – March 7, 322 BC) was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. ...
// The title of the work is (literally, of the things after physics). This is generally supposed to mean that this is just a collection of works that later editors placed after Aristotles treatises on physics, but it may well mean that the budding philosopher should study these subjects after...
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Greek religion encompasses the collection of beliefs and rituals practiced in Ancient Greece in form of cult practices, thus the practical counterpart of Greek mythology. ...
[edit] Hellenistic theology Philosophical reflection on the gods, on religion, and on the origins and governance of the Universe, flourished in the Hellenistic period amongst both Greek- and Latin-speaking thinkers. Amongst the very diverse movements of Hellenistic philosophy in which theological reflection could be found were Cynicism, Stoicism, Epicureanism, Middle Platonism, and Neoplatonism. Scanned from a book dated 1900. ...
Scanned from a book dated 1900. ...
Cicero at about age 60, from an ancient marble bust Marcus Tullius Cicero (IPA: ; Latin pronunciation: ; January 3, 106 BC – December 7, 43 BC) was an orator, statesman, political theorist, lawyer and philosopher of Ancient Rome. ...
The term Hellenistic (derived from Héllēn, the Greeks traditional self-described ethnic name) was established by the German historian Johann Gustav Droysen to refer to the spreading of Greek culture over the non-Greek peoples that were conquered by Alexander the Great. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ...
A restored Stoa in Athens. ...
Epicureanism is a system of philosophy based upon the teachings of Epicurus (c. ...
Middle Platonism refers to the development of certain philosophical doctrines associated with Plato during the first and second centuries A.D. One of the outstanding thinkers of Middle Platonism was Philo Judeaus (Philo the Jew) who synthesized Platos philosophy with Jewish scripture largely through allegorical interpretation of the latter. ...
Neoplatonism (also Neo-Platonism) is the modern term for a school of philosophy that took shape in the 3rd century AD, based on the teachings of Plato and earlier Platonists. ...
Influential texts include
Hellenistic theology, which could be deemed to last until the suppression of the Athenian Academy in 529 by Justinian I, overlaps with early Jewish and early Christian theology (see below), and several strands of thought important particularly to early Christian thought arise within Hellenistic circles: attempts to explain the apparent caprice of the gods, Atheism, the development of monotheism, the idea of God as first cause or form of the Good, the dualism of spirit and matter in humanity, and redemption (the release of the spirit from its material prison to a higher spiritual world) through knowledge. Cleanthes (c. ...
(2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) The 3rd century BC started on January 1, 300 BC and ended on December 31, 201 BC. // Events The Pyramid of the Moon, one of several monuments built in Teotihuacán Teotihuacán, Mexico begun The first two Punic Wars between Carthage...
Cicero at about age 60, from an ancient marble bust Marcus Tullius Cicero (IPA: ; Latin pronunciation: ; January 3, 106 BC – December 7, 43 BC) was an orator, statesman, political theorist, lawyer and philosopher of Ancient Rome. ...
According to the second Borel-Cantelli lemma, given enough time, a chimpanzee like this one typing at random will almost surely type out a copy of one of Shakespeares plays. ...
Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC - 40s BC - 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC 0s Years: 50 BC 49 BC 48 BC 47 BC 46 BC 45 BC 44 BC 43 BC 42 BC...
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Not to be confused with The Nature of Things, a Canadian Broadcasting Corporation television show about natural science. ...
(2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) The 1st century BC started on January 1, 100 BC and ended on December 31, 1 BC. An alternative name for this century is the last century BC. The AD/BC notation does not use a year zero. ...
Epictetus (c. ...
The Enchiridion, or handbook of Epictetus, was written in 135 A.D. The text (translated by Elizabeth Carter circa 1750), which is brief, can be found at http://classics. ...
For other uses, see number 135. ...
Plotinus Plotinus (Greek: ) (ca. ...
The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ...
Events Maximinus Thrax becomes Roman Emperor. ...
Nickname: City of Athena or Cradle of Democracy Location of the city of Athens (red dot) within the Prefecture of Athens and Periphery of Attica Coordinates: Country Greece Peripheries Attica Prefecture Athens Founded circa 2000 BC Mayor Nikitas Kaklamanis Area - City 38. ...
Raphaels fresco The School of Athens An academy is an institution of higher learning, research, or honorary membership. ...
For other uses, see number 529. ...
Justinian depicted on one of the famous mosaics of the Basilica of San Vitale. ...
The 18th-century French author Baron dHolbach was one of the first self-described atheists. ...
In theology, monotheism (Greek μόνος(monos) = single and θεός(theos) = God) is the belief in the existence of one deity or God, or in the oneness of God. ...
Categories: Wikipedia cleanup | Stub | Philosophy of science | Religious Philosophy | Theology ...
Plato describes The Form of the Good in his book, The Republic, using Socrates as his mouth piece. ...
It has been suggested that Combative dualism be merged into this article or section. ...
Redemption is also a collectible card game. ...
See also Greek mythology, Hellenistic rationalism and Ancient Greek religion - Theology The bust of Zeus found at Otricoli (Sala Rotonda, Museo Pio-Clementino, Vatican) Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the ancient Greeks, concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world and their own cult and ritual practices. ...
Greek religion encompasses the collection of beliefs and rituals practiced in Ancient Greece in form of cult practices, thus the practical counterpart of Greek mythology. ...
[edit] Early Jewish theology
[edit] The 1st and 2nd centuries Two strands of Jewish theology develop in this period. On the one hand, there are those oral traditions of Rabbinic exegesis (Midrash) and legal discussion (Mishnah and Tosfeta) that eventually began to be written down towards the end of the 2nd Century AD. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (427x602, 159 KB) Philo(n) of Alexandria Source: http://www. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (427x602, 159 KB) Philo(n) of Alexandria Source: http://www. ...
Philo (20 BCE - 40 CE), known also as Philo of Alexandria and as Philo Judeaus, was a Hellenized Jewish philosopher born in Alexandria, Egypt. ...
For a discussion of Jews as an ethnicity or ethnic group see the article on Jew. ...
For the town in Italy, see Rabbi, Italy Rabbi (Sephardic Hebrew רִבִּי ribbī; Ashkenazi Hebrew רֶבִּי rebbī or rebbə; and modern Israeli רַבִּי rabbī) in Judaism, means teacher, or more literally great one. The word Rabbi is derived from the Hebrew root-word RaV, which in biblical Hebrew means great or distinguished (in...
Midrash (Hebrew: מדרש; plural midrashim) is a Hebrew word referring to a method of exegesis of a Biblical text. ...
The Mishnah (Hebrew ×ž×©× ×”, repetition) is a major source of rabbinic Judaisms religious texts. ...
Important figures (known as Tannaim) include The Mishnah (Hebrew משנה, Repetition) is a major source of rabbinic Judaisms religious texts. ...
On the other hand, there is the attempt to accommodate traditional Jewish exegesis of the Jewish Scriptures and tradition with Greek philosophy — a strand of thought of which Philo (c.20 BC to 40 AD) is the best known proponent. The destruction of the Jerusalem temple in 70 AD and the dispersion of many Jews from Israel had a profound effect on Jewish Theology. Hillel (הלל) was a famous Jewish religious leader who lived in Jerusalem during the time of King Herod; he is one of the most important figures in Jewish history, associated with the Mishnah and the Talmud. ...
Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC - 30s BC - 20s BC 10s BC 0s 10s 20s Years: 35 BC 34 BC 33 BC 32 BC 31 BC 30 BC 29 BC 28 BC 27 BC 26 BC...
Events Differentiation of localized Teutonic tribes of the Irminones. ...
Shammai (d. ...
Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC - 50s BC - 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC Years: 55 BC 54 BC 53 BC 52 BC 51 BC 50 BC 49 BC 48 BC 47...
Events The Sermon on the Mount (according to proponents of the 33 theory) April 7 - Crucifixion of Jesus (suggested date, but it is also suggested that he died on April 3, AD 33) Births Quintus Petillius Cerialis, brother-in-law of Vespasian Deaths April 7 - Judas Iscariot, disciple of Jesus...
Gamliel I, also known as Rabban Gamliel or Rabban Gamliel the Elder, was the first ancient rabbi to be given the title Rabban. ...
[edit] Events [edit] By place [edit] Roman Empire Londinium is founded by the Romans, taking over as capital of the local Roman province, from Colchester (approximate date) Roman Emperor Claudius appoints Agrippa II governor of Chalcis. ...
Yohanan ben Zakkai was a Jewish sage of the first century of the common era, and a primary contributor to the core text of rabbinic Judaism, the Mishnah. ...
The 1st century was that century which lasted from 1 to 100 according the Gregorian calendar. ...
Rabbi Gamliel II, also known as Gamliel of Yavne, and often simply Rabban Gamliel was the first person to lead the sanhedrin as nasi. ...
The 1st century was that century which lasted from 1 to 100 according the Gregorian calendar. ...
Akiba ben Joseph (or Rabbi Akiva, Rebbi Akiva, c. ...
[edit] Events [edit] By place [edit] Roman Empire Londinium is founded by the Romans, taking over as capital of the local Roman province, from Colchester (approximate date) Roman Emperor Claudius appoints Agrippa II governor of Chalcis. ...
For other uses, see number 135. ...
Rabbi Simeon bar Yohai, (Simon son of Yohai), was a Palestinian rabbi during the Roman period, after the destruction of the Second Temple. ...
The 2nd century is the period from 101 - 200 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ...
Judah haNasi, or more accurately in Hebrew, Yehudah HaNasi, was a key leader of the Jewish community of Judea under the Roman empire, toward the end of the 2nd century CE. He was reputedly from the Davidic line of the royal line from King David, hence his title Prince (Nasi...
The 2nd century is the period from 101 - 200 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ...
Classical (or early) Greek philosophy focused on the role of reason and inquiry. ...
Philo (20 BCE - 40 CE), known also as Philo of Alexandria and as Philo Judeaus, was a Hellenized Jewish philosopher born in Alexandria, Egypt. ...
Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC - 20s BC - 10s BC 0s 10s 20s 30s Years: 25 BC 24 BC 23 BC 22 BC 21 BC 20 BC 19 BC 18 BC 17 BC 16 BC 15...
Events Roman Empire Caligula embarks on a campaign to conquer Britain, and fails miserably. ...
The Temple in Jerusalem or the Holy Temple (Hebrew: בית המקדש, transliterated Bet HaMikdash) was the primary resting place of the Gods presence (shechina) in the physical world according to classical Judaism. ...
For other uses, see number 70. ...
Dispersion can mean any of several things: A phenomenon that causes the separation of a wave into components of varying frequency. ...
[edit] In the period of the Talmud In the centuries after its compilation, discussion and commentary upon the Mishnah flourished in Jewish academies in Israel and in Babylon. Collections of opinions from these discussions, known as Gemara were eventually edited together and placed with the Mishnah itself, in both Israel (around 350 AD – the Jerusalem Talmud) and Babylon (around 550 AD, with further editing in the two centuries that followed – the Babylonian Talmud). Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (781x1262, 360 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): History of theology ...
Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (781x1262, 360 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): History of theology ...
The first page of the Vilna Edition of the Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Berachot, folio 2a The Talmud (Hebrew: תלמוד) is a record of rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history. ...
The Mishnah (Hebrew ×ž×©× ×”, repetition) is a major source of rabbinic Judaisms religious texts. ...
Babylon was an ancient city in Mesopotamia (modern Al Hillah, Iraq), the ruins of which can be found in present-day Babil Province, about 50 miles (80 km) south of Baghdad. ...
The Gemara (×’×ž×¨× - from gamar: Hebrew [to] complete; Aramaic [to] study) is a component of the Talmud, comprising the rabbinical commentaries and analysis on the Mishnah, undertaken in the Academies of Palestine and Babylon over a 300 year period to about 500. ...
The Jerusalem Talmud (In Hebrew Talmud Yerushalmi, in short known as the Yerushalmi), also known as the Palestinian Talmud, like its Babylonian counterpart (see Babylonian Talmud), is a collection of Rabbinic discussions elaborating on the Mishnah. ...
The first page of the Vilna Edition of the Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Berachot, folio 2a The Talmud (Hebrew: תלמוד) is a record of rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history. ...
Important figures (known as Amoraim) include Amora, plural Amoraim, (from the Hebrew root amar to say or tell over), were renowned Jewish scholars who said or told over the teachings of the Oral law, from about 200 to 500 CE in Babylonia and Palestine. ...
Part of a series of articles on
Christianity |
 | | Foundations
Jesus Christ
Holy Trinity (Father, Son, Holy Spirit)
Holy Bible · Christian Theology
New Covenant · Supersessionism
Apostles · Church · Kingdom · Gospel
History of Christianity · Timeline Events Roman operations under Avidius Cassius was successful against Parthia, capturing Artaxata, Seleucia, and Ctesiphon. ...
Events Pope Sixtus II succeeds Pope Stephen I Births Saint Gregory the Illuminator, founder and patron saint of the Armenian Church (approximate date) Deaths Pope Stephen I Categories: 257 ...
Simeon ben Lakish (in Hebrew, Shimon ben Lakish; in Aramaic, Shimon bar Lakish or bar Lakisha), better known by his nickname of Resh Lakish, was a Palestinian amora of the third century CE. He was reputedly born in Bostra, east of the Jordan River, in around 200 CE, but lived...
For other uses, see number 200. ...
// Overview Events 212: Constitutio Antoniniana grants citizenship to all free Roman men 212-216: Baths of Caracalla 230-232: Sassanid dynasty of Persia launches a war to reconquer lost lands in the Roman east 235-284: Crisis of the Third Century shakes Roman Empire 250-538: Kofun era, the first...
Abba Arika, the name of the Babylonian amora of the 3rd century, who established at Sura the systematic study of the Rabbinic traditions which, using the Mishnah as text, led to the compilation of the Talmud. ...
Events Births Deaths Categories: 247 ...
Rabbi Yochanan (died c. ...
Events Births Deaths Categories: 279 ...
Abaye, the name of a Babylonian amora (q. ...
Events Births Deaths Categories: 278 ...
Events Eusebius of Nicomedia becomes Patriarch of Constantinople after Paul I is banished. ...
Abbahu, the name of an amora who flourished c. ...
This article is about the year 320 AD. For the aircraft, see Airbus A320. ...
Ashi, known as Rav Ashi (Rabbi Ashi), (352–427) was a celebrated Jewish religious scholar, a Babylonian amora, who reestablished the academy at Sura and was first editor of the Babylonian Talmud. ...
[edit] Events [edit] By Place [edit] Roman Empire The Alamanni and the Franks defeat the Roman army, taking control of 40 towns between the Moselle and the Rhine. ...
Events Pyongyang is declared the capital of Goguryeo by king Jangsu Births Deaths December 24 - Sisinius I, Patriarch of Constantinople Categories: 427 ...
Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ...
Image File history File links Christian_cross. ...
This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ...
Christ is the English translation of the Greek word (Christós), which literally means The Anointed One. ...
For other uses, see Trinity (disambiguation). ...
In many religions, the supreme God is given the title and attributions of Father. ...
Christian views of Jesus consist of the teachings and beliefs held by Christian groups about Jesus, including his divinity, humanity, and earthly life. ...
In various religions, most notably Trinitarian Christianity, the Holy Spirit (in Hebrew רוח הקודש Ruah haqodesh; also called the Holy Ghost) is the third consubstantial Person of the Holy Trinity. ...
This Gutenberg Bible is displayed by the United States Library of Congress. ...
Given the overwhelming influence exercised by Christianity, especially in pre-modern Europe, Christian theology permeates much of Western culture and often reflects that culture. ...
Christians believe that Jesus is the mediator of the New Covenant (see Hebrews 8:6). ...
Supersessionism (sometimes referred to as replacement theology by its critics) is a belief that Christianity is the fulfillment and continuation of the Old Testament, and that Jews who deny that Jesus is the Messiah are not being faithful to the revelation that God has given them, and they therefore fall...
The Twelve Apostles (, apostolos, Liddell & Scott, Strongs G652, someone sent forth/sent out) were men that according to the Synoptic Gospels and Christian tradition, were chosen from among the disciples (students) of Jesus for a mission. ...
The phrase One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church appears in the Nicene Creed () and, in part, in the Apostles Creed (the holy catholic church, sanctam ecclesiam catholicam). ...
The Kingdom of God or Reign of God (Greek basileia tou theou,[1]) is a foundational concept in Christianity, as it is the central theme of Jesus of Nazareths message in the synoptic Gospels. ...
For other uses, see Gospel (disambiguation). ...
This article outlines the history of Christianity and provides links to relevant topics. ...
The purpose of this chronology is to give a detailed account of Christianity from the beginning of the current era to the present. ...
| | Holy Bible
Old Testament · New Testament
Decalogue · Sermon on the Mount
Birth · Resurrection · Great Commission
Inspiration · Books · Canon · Apocrypha
Hermeneutics · LXX · English Translation Note: Judaism commonly uses the term Tanakh. ...
John 21:1 Jesus Appears to His Disciples--Alessandro Mantovani: the Vatican, Rome. ...
This 1768 parchment (612x502 mm) by Jekuthiel Sofer emulated the 1675 Decalogue at Amsterdam Esnoga synagogue. ...
The Sermon on the Mount was, according to the Gospel of Matthew 5-7, a particular sermon given by Jesus of Nazareth (estimated around AD 30) on a mountainside to his disciples and a large crowd. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ...
The Death of Jesus and the Resurrection of Jesus are two events in the New Testament in which Jesus is crucified on one day (the Day of Preparation, i. ...
In Christian tradition, the Great Commission is the instruction of the resurrected Jesus Christ to his disciples, that they spread the faith to all the world. ...
Biblical inspiration is the doctrine in Christian theology concerned with the divine origin of the Bible and what the Bible teaches about itself. ...
The canonical list of the Books of the Bible differs among Jews, and Catholic, Protestant, and Eastern Orthodox Christians, even though there is a great deal of overlap. ...
The biblical canon is a list of books written during the formative periods of the Jewish or Christian faiths. ...
Apocrypha (from the Greek word απόκÏυφα meaning those having been hidden away[1]) are texts of uncertain authenticity or writings where the authorship is questioned. ...
Biblical Hermeneutics, part of the broader hermeneutical question, relates to the problem of how one is to understand Holy Scripture. ...
The Septuagint: A page from Codex vaticanus, the basis of Sir Launcelot Lee Brentons English translation. ...
The efforts of translating the Bible from its original languages into over 2,000 others have spanned more than two millennia. ...
The Bible has been translated into many languages. ...
| | Christian Theology
History of Theology · Apologetics
Creation · Fall of Man · Covenant · Law
Grace · Faith · Justification · Salvation
Sanctification · Theosis · Worship
Church · Sacraments · Future Theology (Greek θεος, theos, God, + λογια, logia, words, sayings, or discourse) is reasoned discourse concerning religion, spirituality and gods. ...
Christian apologetics is the field of study concerned with the systematic defense of Christianity. ...
Creation (theology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...
In Abrahamic religion, The Fall of Man or The Story of the Fall, or simply The Fall, refers to humanitys fall from a state of innocent bliss to a state of sinful understanding. ...
This article is about biblical covenants. ...
Note: Judaism commonly uses the term Tanakh. ...
In Christianity, divine grace refers to the sovereign favor of God for humankind, as manifest in the blessings bestowed upon all —irrespective of actions (deeds), earned worth, or proven goodness. ...
Faith in Christianity centers on faith in the existence of God, who created the universe. ...
In Christian theology, justification is Gods act of making or declaring a sinner righteous before God. ...
In theology, salvation can mean three related things: freed forever from the punishment of sin Revelation 1:5-6 NRSV - also called deliverance;[1] being saved for something, such as an afterlife or participating in the Reign of God Revelation 1:6 NRSV - also called redemption;[2]) and a process...
Sanctification or in its verb form, sanctify, literally means to set apart for special use or purpose, that is to make holy or sacred (compare Latin sanctus holy). Therefore sanctification refers to the state or process of being set apart, i. ...
In Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic theology, theosis, meaning divinization (or deification or, to become god), is the call to man to become holy and seek union with God, beginning in this life and later consummated in the resurrection. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
In Christian theology, ecclesiology is a branch of study that deals with the doctrines pertaining to the Church itself as a community or organic entity, and with the understanding of what the church is —ie. ...
In Catholic belief and practice, a sacrament is a rite that mediates divine grace, constituting a sacred mystery. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
| | History and Traditions
Early · Councils · Creeds · Missions
Great Schism · Crusades · Reformation
Fourth-century inscription, representing Christ as the Good Shepherd. ...
In Christianity, an Ecumenical Council or general council is a meeting of the bishops of the whole church convened to discuss and settle matters of Church doctrine and practice. ...
A creed is a statement or confession of belief — usually religious belief — or faith. ...
A Christian mission has been widely defined, since the Lausanne Congress of 1974, as that which is designed to form a viable indigenous church-planting movement. ...
For the later Papal Schism in Avignon, see Western Schism. ...
The Siege of Antioch, from a medieval miniature painting, during the First Crusade. ...
The Reformation was a movement in the 16th century to reform the Catholic Church in Western Europe. ...
Eastern Christianity
Eastern Orthodoxy · Oriental Orthodoxy
Syriac Christianity · Eastern Catholicism
Eastern Christianity refers collectively to the Christian traditions and churches which developed in Greece, the Balkans, the rest of Eastern Europe, Asia Minor, the Middle East, northeastern Africa and southern India over several centuries of religious antiquity. ...
The Eastern Orthodox Church is a Christian body that views itself as the historical continuation of the original Christian community established by Jesus and the Twelve Apostles, preserving the traditions of the early church unchanged, accepting the canonicity of the first seven ecumenical councils held between the 4th and the...
The term Oriental Orthodoxy refers to the communion of Eastern Christian Churches that recognize only the first three ecumenical councils — the First Council of Nicaea, the First Council of Constantinople and the Council of Ephesus — and reject the dogmatic definitions of the Council of Chalcedon. ...
Syriac Christianity is a culturally and linguistically distinctive community within Eastern Christianity. ...
The Eastern Catholic Churches are autonomous particular Churches in full communion with the Pope of Rome. ...
Western Christianity
Western Catholicism · Protestantism
Thomism · Anabaptism · Lutheranism
Anglicanism · Calvinism · Arminianism
Evangelicalism · Baptist · Methodism
Restorationism · Liberalism · Adventism
Fundamentalism · Pentecostalism
Western Christianity comprises Catholicism, Anglicanism, Protestantism. ...
The Roman Catholic Church or Catholic Church (see terminology below) is the Christian Church in full communion with the Bishop of Rome, currently Pope Benedict XVI. It traces its origins to the original Christian community founded by Jesus Christ and led by the Twelve Apostles, in particular Saint Peter. ...
Protestantism is one of three main groups within Christianity, whose beliefs are centered on Jesus. ...
Thomism is the philosophical school that followed in the legacy of Thomas Aquinas. ...
Anabaptists (Greek ανα (again) +βαπτιζω (baptize), thus, re-baptizers [1], German: Wiedertäufer) are Christians of the Radical Reformation. ...
Lutheranism is a movement within Christianity that began with the theological insights of Martin Luther in the 16th century. ...
The term Anglican (from Medieval Latin ecclesia anglicana, meaning the English Church) is used to describe the people, institutions and churches as well as the liturgical traditions and theological concepts developed by the established Church of England, the Anglican Communion and the Continuing Anglican Churches (a loosely affiliated group of...
Calvinism is a system of Christian theology and an approach to Christian life and thought within the Protestant tradition articulated by John Calvin, a Protestant Reformer in the 16th century, and subsequently by successors, associates, followers and admirers of Calvin, his interpretation of Scripture, and perspective on Christian life and...
For the Armenian nationality, see Armenia or the Armenian language. ...
The word evangelicalism usually refers to religious practices and traditions which are found in conservative, almost always Protestant Christianity. ...
A Baptist is a member of a Baptist church or any follower of Jesus Christ who believes that baptism is administered by the full immersion of a confessing Christian. ...
Methodism or the Methodist movement is a group of historically related denominations of Protestant Christianity. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
The term Adventist can refer to One who believes in the Second Advent (usually known as the Second coming) of Jesus. ...
Fundamentalist Christianity, or Christian fundamentalism, is a movement that arose mainly within British and American Protestantism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by conservative evangelical Christians, who, in a reaction to modernism, actively affirmed a fundamental set of Christian beliefs: the inerrancy of the Bible, the virgin birth...
The Pentecostal movement within Evangelical Christianity places special emphasis on the direct personal experience of God through the baptism of the Holy Spirit, as shown in the Biblical account of the Day of Pentecost. ...
Topics in Christianity
Denominations · Movements · Ecumenism
Preaching · Prayer · Music
Liturgy · Calendar · Symbols · Art A denomination, in the Christian sense of the word, is an identifiable religious body under a common name, structure, and/or doctrine. ...
Christian movements are theological, political, or philosophical intepretations of Christianity that are not generally represented by a specific church, sect, or denomination. ...
The word ecumenism (also oecumenism, Å“cumenism) is derived from Greek (oikoumene), which means the inhabited world, and was historically used with specific reference to the Roman Empire. ...
A sermon is an oration by a prophet or member of the clergy. ...
This article is about the many forms of prayer within Christianity. ...
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
// Partial list of Christian liturgies (past and present) Roman Catholic church (churches in communion with the Holy See of the Bishop of Rome) Latin Rite Novus Ordo Missae Tridentine Mass Anglican Use Mozarabic Rite Ambrosian Rite Gallican Rite Eastern Rite, e. ...
The liturgical year, also known as the Christian year, consists of the cycle of liturgical seasons in some Christian churches which determines when Feasts, Memorials, Commemorations, and Solemnities are to be observed and which portions of Scripture are to be read. ...
Christian art is art that spans many segments of Christianity. ...
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Paul of Tarsus (b. ...
The (Early) Church Fathers or Fathers of the Church are the early and influential theologians and writers in the Christian Church, particularly those of the first five centuries of Christian history. ...
This article covers the events of, reaction to, and historical legacy of Roman Emperor Constantine Is promotion, legitimization, and conversion to Christianity. ...
Athanasius of Alexandria (also spelled Athanasios) (c. ...
For the first Archbishop of Canterbury, see Saint Augustine of Canterbury. ...
For entities named after Saint Anselm, see Saint Anselms. ...
Saint Thomas Aquinas [Thomas of Aquin, or Aquino] (c. ...
Gregory Palamas Gregory Palamas (ΓÏηγόÏιος Παλαμάς) (1296 - 1359) was a monk of Mount Athos in Greece and later Archbishop of Thessalonica known as a preeminent theologian of Hesychasm. ...
This does not cite its references or sources. ...
Martin Luther (November 10, 1483 – February 18, 1546) was a German monk,[1] priest, professor, theologian, and church reformer. ...
John Calvin (July 10, 1509 – May 27, 1564) was a French Protestant theologian during the Protestant Reformation and was a central developer of the system of Christian theology called Calvinism or Reformed theology. ...
John Wesley (June 17, 1703–March 2, 1791) was an 18th-century Anglican clergyman and Christian theologian who was an early leader in the Methodist movement. ...
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[edit] Early Christian theology
[edit] Theologies of the New Testament The New Testament contains evidence of some of the earliest forms of reflection upon the meanings and implications of Christian faith, mostly in the form of guidance offered to Christian congregations on how to live a life consistent with their convictions – notably in the Pauline corpus and Johannine corpus. John 21:1 Jesus Appears to His Disciples--Alessandro Mantovani: the Vatican, Rome. ...
Paul of Tarsus (b. ...
El Grecos rendition of John the Apostle shows the traditional author of the Johannine works as a young man. ...
[edit] Patristic theology A huge quantity of theological reflection emerged in the early centuries of the Christian church – in a wide variety of genres, in a variety of contexts, and in several languages – much of it the product of attempts to discuss how Christian faith should be lived in cultures very different from the one in which it was born. So, for instance, a good deal of the Greek language literature can be read as an attempt to come to terms with Hellenistic culture. The period sees the slow emergence of orthodoxy (the idea of which seems to emerge out of the conflicts between catholic Christianity and Gnostic Christianity), the establishment of a Biblical canon, debates about the doctrine of the Trinity (most notably between the councils of Nicaea in 325 and Constantinople in 381), about Christology (most notably between the councils of Constantinople in 381 and Chalcedon in 451), about the purity of the Church (for instance in the debates surrounding the Donatists), and about grace, free will and predestination (for instance in the debate between Augustine of Hippo and Pelagius). Greek (, IPA: — Hellenic) has a documented history of 3,500 years, the longest of any single language within the Indo-European family. ...
The word orthodoxy, from the Greek ortho (right, correct) and doxa (thought, teaching, glorification), is typically used to refer to the correct theological or doctrinal observance of religion, as determined by some overseeing body. ...
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
The biblical canon is a list of books written during the formative periods of the Jewish or Christian faiths. ...
For other uses, see Trinity (disambiguation). ...
The First Council of Nicaea, held in Nicea in Bithynia (in present-day Turkey), convoked by the Roman Emperor Constantine I in 325, was the first ecumenical[1] conference of bishops of the Christian Church, and most significantly resulted in the first uniform Christian doctrine. ...
Events May 20 - First Council of Nicaea - first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church: The Nicene Creed is formulated, the date of Easter is discussed. ...
The First Council of Constantinople (second ecumenical council) was called by Theodosius I in 381 to confirm the Nicene Creed and deal with other matters of the Arian controversy . ...
Events First Council of Constantinople - second Ecumenical council of the Christian Church: The Nicene creed is affirmed and extended, Apollinarism is declared a heresy. ...
Christology is that part of Christian theology which studies and attempts to define Jesus the Christ. ...
The Council of Chalcedon was an ecumenical council that took place from October 8 to November 1, 451, at Chalcedon (a city of Bithynia in Asia Minor), today part of the city of Istanbul on the Asian side of the Bosphorus and known as the district of Kadıköy. ...
Events April 7 - The Huns sack Metz June 20 - Attila, king of the Huns is defeated at Troyes by Aëtius in the Battle of Chalons. ...
The Donatists (founded by the Berber Christian Donatus Magnus) were followers of a belief considered a heresy by the broader Catholic community. ...
In Christianity, divine grace refers to the sovereign favor of God for humankind, as manifest in the blessings bestowed upon all —irrespective of actions (deeds), earned worth, or proven goodness. ...
Free will is the philosophical doctrine that holds that our choices are ultimately up to ourselves. ...
Predestination is a religious idea, under which the relationship between the beginning of things and the destiny of things is discussed. ...
For the first Archbishop of Canterbury, see Saint Augustine of Canterbury. ...
Pelagius (c. ...
Influential texts and writers in the second century include:
Influential texts and writers between c.200 and 325 (the First Council of Nicaea) include: The Apostolic Fathers were a small collection of Christian authors who lived and wrote in the late 1st century and early 2nd century who are acknowledged as leaders in the early church, but whose writings were not included in the collection of Christian scripture, the New Testament Biblical canon, at...
The 2nd century is the period from 101 - 200 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ...
Justin Martyr (Justin the Martyr, also known as Justin of Caesarea) (100 – 165) was an early Christian apologist. ...
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Events First year of Yuanchu era of the Chinese Eastern Han Dynasty. ...
Events Lucius Verus begins a war with the Parthians, due to the invasion of Syria and Armenia by Vologases III of Parthia. ...
// Events Change of Han Huandi to Han Lingdi of Han Dynasty; first year of Jianning era. ...
Clement of Alexandria (Titus Flavius Clemens), was the first member of the Church of Alexandria to be more than a name, and one of its most distinguished teachers. ...
Events Caracallas Roman troops massacre the population of Alexandria, Egypt. ...
St. ...
For other uses, see number 130. ...
Events Roman law bans female gladiators Deaths Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyon (martyred) Perpetua (martyred) Felicitas (martyred) Yuan Shao, Chinese warlord Categories: 202 ...
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
-Quevedo Valentinius, also called Valentinus (c. ...
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For other uses, see number 153. ...
Basilides redirects here. ...
Trajan subdued a Judean revolt, then fell seriously ill, leaving Hadrian in command of the east. ...
Events February 25 - Roman emperor Hadrian adopted Antoninus Pius on condition that Antonius would adopt Marcus Annius Aurelius Verus. ...
In the process of determining the Biblical canon, a large number of works were excluded from the New Testament. ...
For other uses, see number 200. ...
Events May 20 - First Council of Nicaea - first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church: The Nicene Creed is formulated, the date of Easter is discussed. ...
The First Council of Nicaea, held in Nicea in Bithynia (in present-day Turkey), convoked by the Roman Emperor Constantine I in 325, was the first ecumenical[1] conference of bishops of the Christian Church, and most significantly resulted in the first uniform Christian doctrine. ...
Texts from patristic authors before 325 AD are collected in the Ante-Nicene Fathers. Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus, anglicized as Tertullian, (ca. ...
Events Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius starts a new war against the Parthians Pope Anicetus succeeds Pope Pius I First year of Yongshou era of the Chinese Han Dynasty Births Dio Cassius, Roman historian Cao Cao, future ruler of the Kingdom of Wei Deaths July 11 - Pope Pius I Saint Polycarp...
Events Pope Pontian succeeds Pope Urban I Patriarch Castinus succeeds Patriarch Ciriacus I as Patriarch of Constantinople Births Deaths Categories: 230 ...
Statue of Hippolytus, 3rd century. ...
Events Maximinus Thrax becomes Roman Emperor. ...
Origen (Greek: Ōrigénēs, 185–ca. ...
Events Commodus exiles his sister Lucilla to Capreae Births Origen, Christian theologian (approximate date) Sun Quan, founder of the Wu Kingdom in China Deaths Categories: 182 ...
Events July 1 – In the Battle of Abrittus, the Goths defeat the Romans; emperors Decius and Herennius Etruscus are killed. ...
This page is about Cyprian, bishop of Carthage. ...
Events Sun Xiu succeeds Sun Liang as ruler of the Chinese kingdom of Wu The Goths ravage Asia Minor and Trabzon Gaul, Britain and Spain break off from the Roman Empire to form the Gallic Empire Nanjing University first founded in Nanjing, China Births Emperor Hui of Jin China (approximate...
Arius (AD/CE 256 - 336, poss. ...
Events Births Arius, founder of Arianism Deaths Invasions Goths invade Asia Minor. ...
Events January 18 - Marcus elected pope. ...
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
The Ante-Nicene Fathers, subtitled , is a selected set of books containing English translations of the major early Christian writings. ...
Influential texts and writers between 325 AD and c.500 AD include: Image File history File links Saint_Augustine_of_Hippo. ...
Image File history File links Saint_Augustine_of_Hippo. ...
For the first Archbishop of Canterbury, see Saint Augustine of Canterbury. ...
Events Possible date for the Battle of Mons Badonicus: Romano-British and Celts defeat an Anglo-Saxon army that may have been led by the bretwalda Aelle of Sussex (approximate date; suggested dates range from 490 to 510) Note: This battle may have influenced the legend of King Arthur. ...
Texts from patristic authors after 325 AD are collected in the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers. Important theological debates also surrounded the various Ecumenical Councils – Nicaea in 325, Constantinople in 381, Ephesus in 431 and Chalcedon in 451 See also main articles on Patristics and Church Fathers. Athanasius of Alexandria (also spelled Athanasios) was a Christian bishop of Alexandria in the fourth century. ...
Events Constantius Chlorus overthrows the Alamanni in the territory of the Lingones (Langres) and strengthened the Rhine frontier Christians are expelled from the Roman army Baths of Diocletian built in Rome Births Athanasius of Alexandria, bishop and opponent of Arianism Deaths Diophantus, mathematician (approximate date) King Chaekgye of Baekje Categories...
Events The Battle of the Tanais River near the Don where the Huns defeat the Alans. ...
The Cappadocian Fathers are the 4th century church fathers Basil the Great, Gregory Nazianzen, and Basils brother Gregory of Nyssa, who made major contributions to the definition of the Trinity finalized at the First Council of Constantinople in 381 and the Nicene Creed. ...
As a means of recording the passage of time, the 4th century was that century which lasted from 301 to 400. ...
Saint Ambrose, (Latin: Sanctus Ambrosius, Ambrosius episcopus Mediolanensis; Italian: SantAmbrogio) (c. ...
Events Constantine II attacks his brother Constans near Aquileia, aiming for sole control of the western half of the Roman Empire, but is defeated. ...
Events Council of Carthage: Definitive declaration of the biblical canon Candida Casa founded by Saint Ninian. ...
Saint Jerome redirects here. ...
Events Council of Sardica Council of Philippopolis Births John Chrysostom, bishop Eunapius, Greek Sophist and historian Deaths Categories: 347 ...
For other uses, see 420 (disambiguation). ...
John Chrysostom (347 - 407) was a notable Christian bishop and preacher from the 4th and 5th centuries in Syria and Constantinople. ...
Events Council of Sardica Council of Philippopolis Births John Chrysostom, bishop Eunapius, Greek Sophist and historian Deaths Categories: 347 ...
// Events Gunderic becomes king of the Vandals and the Alans after the death of his father Godgisel Gratianus of Britain is assassinated and Constantine III takes his place at the head of the mutinous Roman garrison in Britain. ...
For the first Archbishop of Canterbury, see Saint Augustine of Canterbury. ...
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