NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Honorius (emperor)

Flavius Honorius (September 9, 384–August 15, 423) was Roman Emperor (393- 395) and then Western Roman Emperor from 395 until his death. He was the younger son of Theodosius I and his first wife Aelia Flaccilla, and brother of the Eastern Emperor Arcadius. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Western Roman Empire is the western half of the Roman Empire after its division by Diocletian in 286. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... A halo (Greek: ; also known as a nimbus, glory, or Gloriole) is a ring of light that surrounds an object. ... January 23 is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Gao Zu succeeds Tai Zu as Emperor of the Later Qin Empire in China. ... Events After the death of emperor Theodosius I, the Roman Empire is divided in an eastern and a western half. ... Augustus (plural augusti) is Latin for majestic, the increaser, or venerable. The feminine form is Augusta. ... An engraving depicting what Theodosius may have looked like, ca. ... Events After the death of emperor Theodosius I, the Roman Empire is divided in an eastern and a western half. ... August 15 is the 227th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (228th in leap years), with 138 days remaining. ... Events On the death of Honorius, the primicerius notariorum Joannes seizes the throne of the Western Roman Empire, and is declared emperor. ... The Western Roman Empire is the western half of the Roman Empire after its division by Diocletian in 286. ... Idealising bust of Arcadius in the Theodosian style combines elements of classicism with the new hieratic style (Istanbul Archaeology Museum) Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Arcadius For the Greek grammarian, see Arcadius of Antioch. ... Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered around its capital in Constantinople. ... September 9 is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years). ... Forum of Theodosius I built in Constantinople. ... August 15 is the 227th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (228th in leap years), with 138 days remaining. ... Events On the death of Honorius, the primicerius notariorum Joannes seizes the throne of the Western Roman Empire, and is declared emperor. ... An engraving depicting what Theodosius may have looked like, ca. ... Solidus minted in Thessalonica to celebrate the marriage of Valentinian III to Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of the Eastern Emperor Theodosius II. On the reverse, the three of them in wedding dresses. ... Stilicho (right) with his wife Serena and son Eucherius Flavius Stilicho (occasionally written as Stilico) (ca. ... The Theodosian dynasty was a Roman family that rose to eminence in the waning days of the Roman Empire. ... An engraving depicting what Theodosius may have looked like, ca. ... Aelia Flaccilla. ... September 9 is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years). ... Forum of Theodosius I built in Constantinople. ... August 15 is the 227th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (228th in leap years), with 138 days remaining. ... Events On the death of Honorius, the primicerius notariorum Joannes seizes the throne of the Western Roman Empire, and is declared emperor. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Events Gao Zu succeeds Tai Zu as Emperor of the Later Qin Empire in China. ... Events After the death of emperor Theodosius I, the Roman Empire is divided in an eastern and a western half. ... The Western Roman Empire is the western half of the Roman Empire after its division by Diocletian in 286. ... An engraving depicting what Theodosius may have looked like, ca. ... Aelia Flaccilla. ... Idealising bust of Arcadius in the Theodosian style combines elements of classicism with the new hieratic style (Istanbul Archaeology Museum) Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Arcadius For the Greek grammarian, see Arcadius of Antioch. ...

The reign of Honorius was characterized by erosion of the Western Roman Empire and its territories. When Honorius died, he left an empire on the verge of collapse. The Western Roman Empire is the western half of the Roman Empire after its division by Diocletian in 286. ...

Rule

Early reign

After holding the consulate at the age of two, Honorius was declared Augustus, and thus co-ruler, on 23 January 393. When Theodosius died, in January 395, Honorius and Arcadius divided the Empire, so that Honorius became Western Roman Emperor at the age of ten. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 423 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (463 Ã— 656 pixel, file size: 117 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Honorius (emperor) ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 423 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (463 Ã— 656 pixel, file size: 117 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Honorius (emperor) ... Jean-Paul Laurens (Fourquevaux, (1838–Paris, 1921), was a French academic painter. ... Augustus (plural augusti) is Latin for majestic, the increaser, or venerable. The feminine form is Augusta. ... January 23 is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Gao Zu succeeds Tai Zu as Emperor of the Later Qin Empire in China. ... Consul (abbrev. ... Augustus (plural augusti) is Latin for majestic, the increaser, or venerable. The feminine form is Augusta. ... January 23 is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Gao Zu succeeds Tai Zu as Emperor of the Later Qin Empire in China. ... Events After the death of emperor Theodosius I, the Roman Empire is divided in an eastern and a western half. ...

For the first part of his reign, Honorius depended on the military leadership of the Vandal general Stilicho. To strengthen his bonds to the young emperor, Stilicho married his daughter Maria to him. The epithalamion written for the occasion by Stilicho's court poet Claudian survives. The Vandals were an East Germanic tribe that entered the late Roman Empire during the 5th century and created a state in North Africa, centered on the city of Carthage. ... Stilicho (right) with his wife Serena and son Eucherius Flavius Stilicho (occasionally written as Stilico) (ca. ... In ancient Greece an epithalamion was composed to honor a newlywed couple. ... Claudius Claudianus, Anglicized as Claudian, was the court poet to the Emperor Honorius and Stilicho. ...

At first Honorius based his capital in Milan, but when the Visigoths entered Italy in 402 he moved his capital to the coastal city of Ravenna, which was protected by a ring of marshes and strong fortifications. While the new capital was easier to defend, it was poorly situated to allow Roman forces to protect central Italy from the barbarian incursions. This article is about the city in Italy. ... Migrations The Visigoths were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East Germanic tribe (the Ostrogoths being the other). ... Events Stilicho recalls troops from the frontiers of the Roman Empire to defend Italy against the Visigoths. ... Ravenna is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. ...

Erosion of the Western Roman Empire

Honorius' reign was plagued by many threats: from the barbarians entering within the Empire's borders to several usurpers.

A revolt led by Gildo, comes Africae, in Northern Africa lasted for two years (397-398). In 405, a barbarian army led by Radagaisus invaded Italy, bringing devastation to the heart of the Empire, until Stilicho defeated them in 406. Combatants Western Roman empire Rebellious Roman forces Commanders Mascezel count Gildo Strength 5,000 70,000 Casualties none virtually none The Gildonic revolt was a rebellion in 398 instigated by count Gildo against the might of Rome, especially Flavius Stilicho, the magister militum of the Western Roman empire. ... Events Council of Carthage: Definitive declaration of the biblical canon Candida Casa founded by Saint Ninian. ... Events John Chrysostom becomes bishop of Constantinople. ... From 405-406 CE Radagaisus led a collection of Germanic tribes in an unsuccessful assault on the Roman Empire. ...

The situation in Britannia was even more problematic. The British provinces were isolated, lacking support from the Empire, and the soldiers supported the revolts of Marcus (406 - 407), Gratian (407), and Constantine "III". Constantine invaded Gaul in 407, occupying Arles.^[1] Britannia on a 2005 Â£2 coin. ... Marcus (d. ... // Events Gunderic becomes king of the Vandals and the Alans after the death of his father Godgisel Gratianus of Britain is assassinated and Constantine III takes his place at the head of the mutinous Roman garrison in Britain. ... Gratian was the name of an usurper emperor in Roman Britain during the early 5th century AD Following the death of Marcus he was acclaimed as emperor by the army in Britain in early AD 407. ... Roman coin, with Constantine III portrayed on its face Constantine III (died 411 by September 18) was a Roman general who declared himself Western Roman Emperor in 407, abdicating in 411 (and being killed soon after). ... Coordinates Administration Country France Region Provence-Alpes-CÃ´te dAzur Department Bouches-du-RhÃ´ne (Subprefecture) Arrondissement Arles Canton Chief town of 2 cantons: Arles-Est and Arles-Ouest Intercommunality Agglomeration community of Arles-Crau-Camargue-Montagnette Mayor HervÃ© Schiavetti (PS) (2001-2008) Statistics Altitude 0 mâ€“57 m...

An invasion of Alans, Suevi and Vandals moved from Gaul on 31 December 406, and arrived in Hispania in 409. In 408, Stilicho had been arrested and executed by will of Honorius, probably because of a court conspiracy against the Arian general. The Alans, Alani, Alauni or Halani were an Iranian nomadic group among the Sarmatian people, warlike nomadic pastoralists of varied backgrounds, who spoke an Iranian language and to a large extent shared a common culture. ... The Suebi or Suevi were a Germanic people whose origin was near the Baltic Sea . ... The Vandals were an East Germanic tribe that entered the late Roman Empire during the 5th century and created a state in North Africa, centered on the city of Carthage. ... December 31 is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Iberian Peninsula. ... Arian may refer to: Arian, being well endowed. ...

The year 409 also saw the usurpation of Priscus Attalus, a senator supported by the King of the Visigoths Alaric I; and the revolt of Gerontius and Maximus in Hispania. To counter Priscus, Honorius tried to negotiate with Alaric, who withdrew his support for the imperial claimant in 410, but entered Italy and sacked Rome. Gerontius, a general of Constantine, had proclaimed Maximus Emperor in Hispania against Constantine himself, but Honorius entered in the struggle between Constantine, Maximus and Gerontius sending his own general Constantius, who suppressed the revolts in 411. For the cleaning product 409®, see butoxyethanol. ... Priscus Attalus was an important senator in Rome (serving as Urban Prefect in 409). ... An 1894 photogravure of Alaric I taken from a painting by Ludwig Thiersch. ... Maximus was Roman usurper (409 - 411) in Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula - modern Portugal and Spain). ... The Sack of Rome occurred on August 24, 410. ... Costantius on a solidus. ...

Gaul was again a source of troubles for Honorius: just after Constantius' troops had returned to Italy, Jovinus revolted in northern Gaul, with the support of Alans, Burgundians and the Gallic nobility. Jovinus tried to negotiate with the invading Goths of Ataulf (412), but his proclamation of his brother Sebastianus as Augustus made Ataulf seek alliance with Honorius. Honorius had Ataulf settle the matter with Jovinus, and the rebel was defeated and executed in 413. Jovinus Jovinus was a Gallo-senator and claimed to be Roman Emperor (411 - 413). ... Invasion of the Goths: a late 19th century painting by O. Fritsche, is a highly romanticized portrait of the Goths as cavalrymen. ... Sebastianus, a brother of Jovinus, was an aristocrat of southern Gaul. ... Augustus (plural augusti) is Latin for majestic or venerable. The feminine form is Augusta. ...

In 414, Constantius attacked Ataulf, who once again proclaimed Priscus Attalus emperor. Ataulf was forced by Constantius to move to Hispania, and Attalus, having again lost Visigoth support, was captured and deposed.

The northeastern part of Gaul became subject to even greater Frankish influence, while a treaty signed in 418 granted to the Visigoths the southwestern portion, the former Gallia Aquitania. This article is about the Frankish people and society. ... Migrations The Visigoths were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East Germanic tribe (the Ostrogoths being the other). ... Gallia Aquitania, a province of The Roman Empire Gallia Aquitania, in ancient geography, was a province of the Roman Empire, located in present-day southwest France and bordered by the provinces of Gallia Lugdunensis, Gallia Narbonensis, and Hispania Tarraconensis. ...

In the period (420-422) in which another Maximus (or perhaps the same) gained and lost power in Hispania, Honorius accepted his general Constantius (who was also husband of Honorius' sister, Galla Placidia, since 417) as co-emperor (421). He returned to reigning as the sole emperor at the death of his colleague (422). Portrait of Galla Placidia, from her mausoleum in Ravenna. ...

Death

Honorius died of dropsy in 423, leaving no heir. In the subsequent interregnum Joannes was nominated emperor. The following year, however, the Eastern Emperor Theodosius II elected emperor his cousin Valentinian III, son of Galla Placidia and Constantius III. Edema (BE: oedema, formerly known as dropsy) is swelling of any organ or tissue due to accumulation of excess fluid. ... Joannes, Roman Emperor (423 - 425) On the death of the Emperor Honorius (August 27, 423), Theodosius II, the remaining ruler of the House of Theodosius hesitated for some time in announcing his uncles death and in the interregum Honorius patrician at the time of his death, Castinus, elevated Joannes... Theodosius II Flavius Theodosius II (April, 401 - July 28, 450 ). The eldest son of Eudoxia and Arcadius who at the age of 7 became the Roman Emperor of the East. ... Solidus minted in Thessalonica to celebrate the marriage of Valentinian III to Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of the Eastern Emperor Theodosius II. On the reverse, the three of them in wedding dresses. ... Portrait of Galla Placidia, from her mausoleum in Ravenna. ... Costantius on a solidus. ...

Sack of Rome

The most notable event of his reign was the assault and Sack of Rome on August 24, 410 by the Visigoths under Alaric. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 457 pixelsFull resolution (900 Ã— 514 pixel, file size: 169 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Honorius (emperor) Late antiquity ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 457 pixelsFull resolution (900 Ã— 514 pixel, file size: 169 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Honorius (emperor) Late antiquity ... John William Waterhouse. ... The Sack of Rome occurred on August 24, 410. ... August 24 is the 236th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (237th in leap years), with 129 days remaining. ... Events Alaric I deposes Priscus Attalus as Roman Emperor. ... An 1894 photogravure of Alaric I taken from a painting by Ludwig Thiersch. ...

The city had been under Visigothic siege since shortly after Stilicho's deposition and execution in the summer of 408. Lacking a strong general to control the by-now mostly barbarian Roman Army, Honorius could do little to attack Alaric's forces directly, and apparently adopted the only strategy he could in the situation: wait passively for the Visigoths to grow weary and spend the time marshalling what forces he could. Unfortunately, this course of action appeared to be the product of Honorius' indecisive character and he suffered much criticism for it both from contemporaries and later historians.

Whether this plan could have worked is perhaps debatable, especially since he deprived himself of several skillful officers by only promoting Catholics to the top military positions.^[2] In any case it was overtaken by events. Stricken by starvation, somebody opened Rome's defenses to Alaric and the Goths poured in. The city had not been under the control of a foreign force since an invasion of Gauls some seven centuries before. The victorious Visigoths did untold emotional damage to the city as opposed to actual damage: the shock of this event reverberated from Britain to Jerusalem, and inspired Augustine to write his magnum opus, The City of God. â€œAugustinusâ€ redirects here. ... The City of God, opening text, created c. ...

The year 410 also saw Honorius reply to a British plea for assistance against local barbarian incursions. Preoccupied with the Visigoths and lacking any real capabilities to assist the distant province, Honorius told the Britons to defend themselves as best they could.

Judgments on Honorius

There is a story (which Gibbon disbelieved) that when he heard the news that Rome had "perished", Honorius was initially shocked; thinking the news was in reference to a favorite chicken he had named "Roma", he recalled in disbelief that the bird was just recently feeding out of his hand. It was then explained to him that the Rome in question was the city.^{[citation needed]} Image File history File links Size of this preview: 477 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (723 Ã— 909 pixel, file size: 334 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Motive-description: Portrait of Honorius, son of Theodosius I Scan by: User:Henryart (who is owner of the original book) Source: C. Strahlheim, Das Welttheater, 4. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 477 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (723 Ã— 909 pixel, file size: 334 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Motive-description: Portrait of Honorius, son of Theodosius I Scan by: User:Henryart (who is owner of the original book) Source: C. Strahlheim, Das Welttheater, 4. ... Edward Gibbon (1737â€“1794). ...

Summarizing his account of Honorius' reign, the historian J.B. Bury wrote, "His name would be forgotten among the obscurest occupants of the Imperial throne were it not that his reign coincided with the fatal period in which it was decided that western Europe was to pass from the Roman to the Teuton." After listing the disasters of those 28 years, Bury concludes that Honorius "himself did nothing of note against the enemies who infested his realm, but personally he was extraordinarily fortunate in occupying the throne till he died a natural death and witnessing the destruction of the multitude of tyrants who rose up against him."^[3] John Bagnell Bury (16 October 1861 â€“ 1 June 1927) was an eminent British historian, classical scholar, and philologist. ...

But Bury seems ignorant of Honorius's association with legend of Saint Telemachus (Telemicus). According to Catholic tradition, the saint's martyrdom influenced the emperor to issue an edict banning gladiatorial events. In any event, the last known gladitorial fight ended during the reign of Honorius. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

Trivia

Honorius and the attack of the Visigoths are both mentioned by Captain Jean-Luc Picard in the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode The Best of Both Worlds in the quote: "I wonder if Honorius, watching the Visigoths coming over the seventh hill, truly realized that the Roman Empire was about to fall?" Captain Jean-Luc Picard, played by Patrick Stewart, is a character in the TV series Star Trek: The Next Generation. ... The title as it appeared in most episodes opening credits. ... The Best of Both Worlds is a two-part episode from the third/fourth seasons of the television series Star Trek: The Next Generation. ...

Honorius also issued during his reign a decree, prohibiting men to wear trousers in Rome [Codex Theodosianus 14.10.2-3, tr. C. Pharr, "The Theodosian Code," p. 415].

Emperor Honorius was obsessed with chickens. An Adventures in Odyssey episode portrayed this hobby very heavily by having him hiring people to cater to his chickens' needs. Adventures in Odyssey, commonly abbreviated AIO or simply Odyssey, is an Evangelical Christian-themed radio drama/comedy series created by Phil Lollar and Steve Harris for Focus on the Family in 1987. ...

See also

Priscus Attalus was an important senator in Rome (serving as Urban Prefect in 409). ... Maximus was Roman usurper (409 - 411) in Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula - modern Portugal and Spain). ... Marcus (d. ... Gratian was the name of an usurper emperor in Roman Britain during the early 5th century AD Following the death of Marcus he was acclaimed as emperor by the army in Britain in early AD 407. ... Roman coin, with Constantine III portrayed on its face Constantine III (died 411 by September 18) was a Roman general who declared himself Western Roman Emperor in 407, abdicating in 411 (and being killed soon after). ... Constans was the eldest son of the Roman usurper Constantine III and was appointed co-emperor by him from 409 to 411. ... Jovinus Jovinus was a Gallo-senator and claimed to be Roman Emperor (411 - 413). ... Sebastianus, a brother of Jovinus, was an aristocrat of southern Gaul. ... Joannes, Roman Emperor (423 - 425) On the death of the Emperor Honorius (August 27, 423), Theodosius II, the remaining ruler of the House of Theodosius hesitated for some time in announcing his uncles death and in the interregum Honorius patrician at the time of his death, Castinus, elevated Joannes... Solidus minted in Thessalonica to celebrate the marriage of Valentinian III to Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of the Eastern Emperor Theodosius II. On the reverse, the three of them in wedding dresses. ...

References

Notes

Constans was the eldest son of the Roman usurper Constantine III and was appointed co-emperor by him from 409 to 411. ...

External links

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A coin of Gratian. ... A marble statue of Emperor Valentinian II, Aphrodisias Geyre (Aydin, Anatolia), 387â€“390. ... Eugenius wearing imperial insigna, on a coin celebrateing the VIRTVS ROMANORVM, the (military) value of the Romans. Flavius Eugenius (d. ... An engraving depicting what Theodosius may have looked like, ca. ... This is a list of the Roman Emperors with the dates they ruled the Roman Empire. ... Events Gao Zu succeeds Tai Zu as Emperor of the Later Qin Empire in China. ... Events August - The usurper Basiliscus is deposed and Zeno is restored as Eastern Roman Emperor. ... Costantius on a solidus. ... Joannes, Roman Emperor (423 - 425) On the death of the Emperor Honorius (August 27, 423), Theodosius II, the remaining ruler of the House of Theodosius hesitated for some time in announcing his uncles death and in the interregum Honorius patrician at the time of his death, Castinus, elevated Joannes... Solidus minted in Thessalonica to celebrate the marriage of Valentinian III to Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of the Eastern Emperor Theodosius II. On the reverse, the three of them in wedding dresses. ... Petronius Maximus on a coin. ... Avitus on a tremissis. ... Majorian on an bronze coin. ... Libius Severus was a Western Roman Emperor. ... Procopius Anthemius (c. ... Anicius Olybrius, Western Roman Emperor (July 11 - October 23, 472), was a member of a noble family and a native of Rome. ... Glycerius (c. ... Julius Nepos on a coin. ... This article is about the Roman Emperor. ... This is a list of the Roman Emperors with the dates they ruled the Roman Empire. ... Events By Place Roman Empire January 19 - Arcadius is elevated to Emperor. ... April 2 - Mehmed II begins his siege of Constantinople (Ä°stanbul). ... Idealising bust of Arcadius in the Theodosian style combines elements of classicism with the new hieratic style (Istanbul Archaeology Museum) Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Arcadius For the Greek grammarian, see Arcadius of Antioch. ... Theodosius II Flavius Theodosius II (April, 401 - July 28, 450 ). The eldest son of Eudoxia and Arcadius who at the age of 7 became the Roman Emperor of the East. ... Pulcheria (January 19, 399 â€“ 453) was the daughter of the Eastern Roman Emperor Arcadius and Aelia Eudoxia. ... Another but lesser Marcian was a son-in-law of Byzantine Emperor Leo I and his queen Verina. ... Leo I coin. ... Imperator Caesar Flavius Leo Augustus or Leo II (467- November 17, 474) served as Eastern Roman Emperor from January 18 to November 17, 474. ... Flavius Zeno (c. ... Flavius Basiliscus was a rival Byzantine Emperor 475 _ 476. ... Flavius Anastasius. ... Flavius Iustinus Augustus. ... Justinian depicted on one of the famous mosaics of the Basilica of San Vitale. ... Flavius Iustinus Iunior Augustus Flavius Iustinus Iunior Augustus or Justin The Divine (c. ... Flavius Tiberius Constantinus Augustus or Tiberius II Constantine (c. ... A solidus of Maurikios reign. ... Phocas on a contemporary coin Flavius Phocas Augustus, Eastern Roman Emperor (reigned 602â€“610), is perhaps one of the most maligned figures to have held the Imperial title in the long history of Rome and Byzantium. ... Heraclius and his sons Heraclius Constantine and Heraclonas. ... Roman coin depicting, on its face, Heraclius and his sons Heraclius Constantine and Heraclonas Heraclius Constantine or Constantine III (May 3, 612 - April 20/24 or May 26, 641) was the eldest son of the Byzantine emperor Heraclius and his first wife Eudocia, and ruled as Emperor for four months... Herakleios with his sons Constantine III and Heraklonas. ... Constans and his son Constantine. ... Mezezius also known as Mecetius, Bizantine usurper in Sicily from 668 to 669. ... Constantine IV on a contemporary coin Constantine IV (649-685); sometimes incorrectly called Pogonatus, meaning the Bearded, like his father; was Byzantine emperor from 668-685. ... Justinian II, known as Rhinotmetus (the Split-nosed) (669-711) was a Byzantine emperor of the Heraclian Dynasty, reigned from 685 to 695 and again from 704 to 711. ... Leontios, showing the symbols of power: the crown, the globus cruciger, and the akakia. ... Tiberius III, the German commander Apsimar. ... Philippikos (FILIPICUS) coin, celebrating the victories of the emperor (VICTORIA AVGU). ... Anastasios II kept his name, Artemios, also on his coinage; this solidus bears the legend APTEMIUS ANASTASIUS. Anastasios II or Anastasius II (Greek: Î‘Î½Î±ÏƒÏ„Î¬ÏƒÎ¹Î¿Ï‚ Î’Î„), (died 718), Byzantine emperor, from 713 to 715. ... Theodosios III or Theodosius III (Greek: Î˜ÎµÎ¿Î´ÏŒÏƒÎ¹Î¿Ï‚ Î“Î„), was Byzantine Emperor from 715 to March 25, 717. ... Leo the Isaurian and his son Constantine V. Leo III the Isaurian or the Syrian (Greek: Î›ÎÏ‰Î½ Î“Î„, LeÅn III ), (c. ... Constantine V Copronymus (The Dung-named) was Byzantine emperor from 741 to 775. ... Artavasdos (erroneously Artabasdos or Artabasdus), (Greek: Î‘ÏÏ„Î±ÏÎ±ÏƒÎ´Î¿Ï‚, Artauasdos, from Armenian: Ô±Ö€Õ¿Õ¡Õ¾Õ¡Õ¦Õ¤, Artavazd ), was Byzantine Emperor from June 741 or 742 until November 743. ... Leo IV the Khazar (Greek: Î›ÎÏ‰Î½ Î”Î„, LeÅn IV ), (January 25, 750 â€“ September 8, 780), Byzantine Emperor from 775 to 780. ... Constantine VI (Greek: ÎšÏ‰Î½ÏƒÏ„Î±Î½Ï„Î¯Î½Î¿Ï‚ Î£Î¤Î„, KÅnstantinos VI; 771â€“797 or 805) was Byzantine Emperor from 780 to 797. ... This solidus struck under Irene reports the legend bASILISSH, Basilissa. ... Nikephoros I and his son and successor, Stauracius. ... Staurakios on a coin issued by his father Nikephoros I. Staurakios or Stauracius (Greek: Î£Ï„Î±Ï…ÏÎ¬ÎºÎ¹Î¿Ï‚), (d. ... Michael I on a contemporary coin Michael I Rangabe (Greek: ÎœÎ¹Ï‡Î±Î®Î» Î‘Î„ Î¡Î±Î³Î³Î±Î²Î, MikhaÄ“l I Rangabe), (died January 11, 844) was Byzantine Emperor (811 - 813). ... Contemporary coin of Leo V. Leo V, surnamed The Armenian (775 â€“ December 24, 820), was emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 813 to 820, after first distinguishing himself as a general in the reigns of Nicephorus I and Michael I Rhangabes. ... Michael II, called Psellus, the stammerer, or the Amorian (770-829) reigned as Byzantine emperor 820 - 829. ... Theophilus, in the Chronicle of John Skylitzes Theophilos or Theophilus (Greek: Î˜ÎµÏŒÏ†Î¹Î»Î¿Ï‚), (813 â€“ 842) was Byzantine emperor from 829 to 842. ... Theodora depicted as ruler on this coin, with her son Michael, nominally emperor, and her daughter Thecla on the reverse. ... This coin struck during the regency of Theodora shows how Michael was less prominent than his mother, who is represented as ruler alone on the obverse, and even than his sister Thecla, who is depicted together with the young Michael on the reverse of this coin. ... Basil, his son Constantine, and his second wife, emperess Eudoxia Ingerina. ... This follis by Leo VI bears the Byzantine Emperors official title, BASILEOS ROMAION, Emperor of the Romans. ... A Byzantine Mosaic portrait of Emperor Alexander (870 - 913) which was completed in the Emperors short reign. ... Constantine and his mother ZoÃ«. Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos or Porphyrogenitus, the Purple-born (Greek: ÎšÏ‰Î½ÏƒÏ„Î±Î½Ï„Î¯Î½Î¿Ï‚ Î–Î„ Î Î¿ÏÏ†Ï…ÏÎ¿Î³ÎÎ½Î½Î·Ï„Î¿Ï‚, KÅnstantinos VII PorphyrogennÄ“tos), (Constantinople, September 905 â€“ November 9, 959 in Constantinople) was the son of the Byzantine emperor Leo VI and his fourth wife Zoe Karbonopsina. ... Contemporary coin of Romanus I. Romanos I Lekapenos or Romanus I Lecapenus (Greek: Î¡Ï‰Î¼Î±Î½ÏŒÏ‚ Î‘Î„ Î›Î±ÎºÎ±Ï€Î®Î½Î¿Ï‚, RÅmanos I LakapÄ“nos) (c. ... Romanus II (939 - 963) succeeded his father Constantine VII as Byzantine emperor in 959 at the age of twenty-one, and died, poisoned, it was believed, by his wife, Theophanu in 963. ... Emperor Nikephoros II Phokas Nikephoros II Phokas or Nicephorus II Phocas (Greek: ÎÎ¹ÎºÎ·Ï†ÏŒÏÎ¿Ï‚ Î’Î„ Î¦Ï‰ÎºÎ¬Ï‚, NikÄ“phoros II PhÅkas), (c. ... Ioannes, protected by God and the Virgin Mary. ... Painting of Basil II, from an 11th century manuscript. ... Constantine VIII (in Greek Konstantinos VIII, written Κωνσταντίνος Η) (960 – November 15, 1028), Byzantine emperor (December 15, 1025 – November 15, 1028) was the son of the Emperor Romanus II and the younger brother of the eminent Basil... Empress Zoe as depicted in a mosaic from the Hagia Sophia Zoe (in Greek Î–Ï‰Î®, meaning life), (c. ... Romanus III. Romanos III Argyros or Romanus III Argyrus (Greek: Î¡Ï‰Î¼Î±Î½ÏŒÏ‚ Î“Î„ Î‘ÏÎ³Ï…ÏÏŒÏ‚, RÅmanos III Argyros), (968 â€“ April 11, 1034) was Byzantine emperor (November 15, 1028 - April 11, 1034). ... Michael IV (1010 â€“ December 10, 1041), called the Paphlagonian (in Greek, ÎœÎ¹Ï‡Î±Î®Î» Î Î±Ï†Î»Î±Î³ÏŽÎ½, meaning from the province of Paphlagonia), was Byzantine emperor from April 11, 1034 to December 10, 1041. ... Michael V Calaphates (1015 - August 24, 1042) (in Greek Μιχαήλ Καλαφάτης, meaning the caulker), was the nephew and successor as Byzantine emperor of Michael IV and adoptive son of his wife Zoë. His surname reflected the early... Mosaic of Constantine IX and Empress Zoe Constantine IX Monomachus (c. ... Theodora (in Greek Θεοδώρα, literally meaning Gift of God, lived 981 - August 31, 1056) ruled as Byzantine Empress from January 11, 1055 to August 31, 1056. ... Michael VI Stratioticus, the warlike, was Byzantine emperor (1056 - 1057). ... Isaac coin. ... Constantine X Ducas (1006 - May, 1067) was the emperor of the Byzantine Empire (1059 - 1067). ... Michael VII Ducas or Parapinakes, was the eldest son of Constantine X Ducas and Eudocia Macrembolitissa. ... Diptych of Romanus and Eudocia Macrembolitissa. ... Nicephorus Botaniates. ... Emperor Alexios I Komnenos Emperor Alexios I Komnenos depicted in a mosaic in the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople Alexios I Komnenos or Alexius I Comnenus (Greek: ; Latin: ) (1048 â€“ August 15, 1118), Byzantine emperor (1081â€“1118), was the son of John Komnenos and Anna Dalassena and the nephew of Isaac I... John II Komnenos or Comnenus (Greek: Î™Ï‰Î¬Î½Î½Î·Ï‚ Î’Î„ ÎšÎ¿Î¼Î½Î·Î½ÏŒÏ‚, IÅannÄ“s II KomnÄ“nos) (September 13, 1087 â€“ April 8, 1143) was Byzantine emperor from 1118 to 1143. ... Manuel I Komnenos, or Comnenus, (Greek: ÎœÎ±Î½Î¿Ï…Î®Î» Î‘ ÎšÎ¿Î¼Î½Î·Î½ÏŒÏ‚, ManouÄ“l I KomnÄ“nos), November 28, 1118 â€“ September 24, 1180), was a Byzantine Emperor of the 12th century who reigned over a crucial turning point in the history of Byzantium and the Mediterranean. ... Alexios II Komnenos or Alexius II Comnenus (Greek: Î‘Î»ÎÏ‡Î¹Î¿Ï‚ Î’â€™ ÎšÎ¿Î¼Î½Î·Î½ÏŒÏ‚, Alexios II KomnÄ“nos) (September 10, 1169 â€“ October 1183), Byzantine emperor (1180-1183), was the son of Emperor Manuel I Komnenos and Maria, daughter of Raymond, prince of Antioch. ... Billon trachy (a cup-shaped coin) of Andronikos I Komnenos (1183-1185) Andronikos I Komnenos or Andronicus I Comnenus (Greek: Î‘Î½Î´ÏÏŒÎ½Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï‚ Î‘â€™ ÎšÎ¿Î¼Î½Î·Î½ÏŒÏ‚, Andronikos I KomnÄ“nos) (c. ... Isaac II Angelos or Angelus (Greek: Î™ÏƒÎ±Î¬ÎºÎ¹Î¿Ï‚ Î’â€™ Î†Î³Î³ÎµÎ»Î¿Ï‚, Isaakios II Angelos) (September 1156 - January, 1204) was Byzantine emperor from 1185 to 1195, and again from 1203 to 1204. ... Alexios III Angelos or Alexius III Angelus (Greek: Î‘Î»ÎÎ¾Î¹Î¿Ï‚ Î“ Î†Î³Î³ÎµÎ»Î¿Ï‚) (c. ... Emperor Alexios IV Alexios IV Angelos or Alexius IV Angelus (Greek: Î‘Î»ÎÎ¾Î¹Î¿Ï‚ Î” Î†Î³Î³ÎµÎ»Î¿Ï‚) (c. ... Nikolaos Kanabos was elected Emperor of Byzantium on the 25. ... Alexios V Doukas Mourtzouphlos or Alexius V Ducas Murtzuphlus (Greek: Î‘Î»ÎÎ¾Î¹Î¿Ï‚ Î•Î„ Î”Î¿ÏÎºÎ±Ï‚ ÎœÎ¿ÏÏÏ„Î¶Î¿Ï…Ï†Î»Î¿Ï‚) (d. ... Constantine Laskaris (Greek ÎšÏ‰Î½ÏƒÏ„Î±Î½Ï„Î¯Î½Î¿Ï‚ Î›Î¬ÏƒÎºÎ±ÏÎ·Ï‚) was Byzantine emperor for a few months in 1204. ... The Latin Empire, Empire of Nicaea, Empire of Trebizond and the Despotate of Epirus. ... John III Doukas Vatatzes or Ducas Vatatzes (Greek: Î™Ï‰Î¬Î½Î½Î·Ï‚ Î“Î„ Î”Î¿ÏÎºÎ±Ï‚ Î’Î±Ï„Î¬Ï„Î¶Î·Ï‚, IÅannÄ“s III Doukas BatatzÄ“s) (c. ... Theodore II Doukas Laskaris or Ducas Lascaris (Greek: Î˜ÎµÏŒÎ´Ï‰ÏÎ¿Ï‚ Î’Î„ Î”Î¿ÏÎºÎ±Ï‚ Î›Î¬ÏƒÎºÎ±ÏÎ¹Ï‚, TheodÅros II Doukas Laskaris) (1221/1222â€“August 18, 1258) was emperor of Nicaea, 1254â€“1258. ... John IV Doukas Laskaris or Ducas Lascaris (Greek: Î™Ï‰Î¬Î½Î½Î·Ï‚ Î”Î„ Î”Î¿ÏÎºÎ±Ï‚ Î›Î¬ÏƒÎºÎ±ÏÎ¹Ï‚, IÅannÄ“s IV Doukas Laskaris), December 25, 1250 - c. ... The Byzantine Empire in 1265 (William R. Shepherd, Historical Atlas, 1911) Michael VIII Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek: ÎœÎ¹Ï‡Î±Î®Î» Î—Î„ Î Î±Î»Î±Î¹Î¿Î»ÏŒÎ³Î¿Ï‚, MikhaÄ“l VIII Palaiologos) (1224/1225 â€“ December 11, 1282) reigned as Byzantine emperor 1259â€“1282. ... Andronikos II Palaiologos or Andronicus II Palaeologus (Greek: ) (1259/1260 â€“ February 13, 1332), reigned as Byzantine emperor 1282â€“1328. ... Andronikos III Palaiologos or Andronicus III Palaeologus (Greek: Î‘Î½Î´ÏÏŒÎ½Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï‚ Î“ Î Î±Î»Î±Î¹Î¿Î»ÏŒÎ³Î¿Ï‚) (March 25, 1297 - June 15, 1341) reigned as Byzantine emperor 1328â€“1341, after being rival emperor since 1321. ... John V Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek: , IÅannÄ“s V Palaiologos), (1332 â€“ February 16, 1391) was the son of Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos and Anna of Savoy. ... John VI Kantakouzenos or Cantacuzene (Greek: Î™Ï‰Î¬Î½Î½Î·Ï‚ Î£Î¤Î„ ÎšÎ±Î½Ï„Î±ÎºÎ¿Ï…Î¶Î·Î½ÏŒÏ‚, IÅannÄ“s VI KantakouzÄ“nos) (c. ... Matthew Kantakouzenos or Cantacuzenus (Greek: ÎœÎ±Ï„Î¸Î±Î¯Î¿Ï‚ Î‘ÏƒÎ¬Î½Î·Ï‚ ÎšÎ±Î½Ï„Î±ÎºÎ¿Ï…Î¶Î·Î½ÏŒÏ‚, Matthaios AsanÄ“s KantakouzÄ“nos) (c. ... Andronikos IV Palaiologos or Andronicus IV Palaeologus (Greek: Î‘Î½Î´ÏÏŒÎ½Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï‚ Î” Î Î±Î»Î±Î¹Î¿Î»ÏŒÎ³Î¿Ï‚) (April 2, 1348â€“June 28, 1385), was Byzantine emperor from 1376 to 1379. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Andronikos V Palaiologos or Andronicus V Palaeologus (Greek: Î‘Î½Î´ÏÏŒÎ½Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï‚ Î• Î Î±Î»Î±Î¹Î¿Î»ÏŒÎ³Î¿Ï‚) (c. ... Emperor Manuel II Manuel II Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek: ÎœÎ±Î½Î¿Ï…Î®Î» Î’Î„ Î Î±Î»Î±Î¹Î¿Î»ÏŒÎ³Î¿Ï‚, ManouÄ“l II Palaiologos) (June 27, 1350 â€“ July 21, 1425) was Byzantine emperor from 1391 to 1425. ... John VIII Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek Î™Ï‰Î¬Î½Î½Î·Ï‚ Î— Î Î±Î»Î±Î¹Î¿Î»ÏŒÎ³Î¿Ï‚, IÅannÄ“s VIII Palaiologos) (December 18 1392 â€“ October 31, 1448), was Byzantine Emperor from 1425 to 1448. ... Constantine XI: The last Byzantine emperor is considered a saint by the Eastern Orthodox Church. ...

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