Honour killing is most often the killing of a female, but in some cases also a male, and sometimes his/her family members, love-interests or other associates,^[1][2] for supposed sexual or marital offences, typically by his/her own relatives or relatives of a purported romantic interest, with the justification being that the "offence" has brought "dishonour" to the family. The United Nations Population Fund estimates that the annual worldwide total of honour killing victims may be as high as 5,000 women. Etymology: Latin homicidium, from homo- human being + caedere- to cut, kill Homicide is the intentional or negligent killing of another human being by one or more persons. ... The felony murder rule is a legal doctrine according to which anyone who commits, or is found to be involved in, a serious crime (a felony), during which any person dies, is guilty of murder. ... Consensual homicide refers to a killing in which the victim wants to die. ... Negligent homicide is a charge brought against persons, who by inaction, allow others under their care to die. ... Vehicular homicide is in most places a criminal act involving the killing of a life by hitting it with a vehicle. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this section may require cleanup. ... Assassin and Targeted killing redirect here. ... Ritual murder is murder performed in a ritualistic fashion. ... A proxy murder is a murder in which the murderer does so at the behest of another, acting as his or her proxy. ... Torture murder is a loosely defined legal term to describe murderers who kill their victims by slowly torturing them to death over a prolonged period of time. ... A murder suicide is an act in which an individual kills one or more other persons immediately before, or while killing himself. ... A spree killer is someone who embarks on a murderous rampage. ... The murder of children is considered a particularly abhorrent crime in most societies; they are perceived within their communities and the state at large as being vulnerable and therefore especially susceptible to abduction and murder. ... Lynch mob redirects here. ... A lust murder is a homicide in which the offender stabs, cuts, pierces, slashes, or otherwise mutilates the sexual organs or areas of the victims body. ... This article deals with mass killings which are not considered genocide. ... Serial killers are individuals who have a history of multiple slayings of victims who were usually unknown to them beforehand. ... Human sacrifice was practiced in many ancient cultures. ... See also: List of assassinated persons, List of people who became famous only in death, List of famous people responsible for a death Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W... For a discussion of the law in other countries, see manslaughter In the English law of homicide, manslaughter is a less serious offence than murder with the the law differentiating between levels of fault based on the mens rea (Latin for a guilty mind). Manslaughter may be either: Voluntary where... The concept of justifiable homicide in criminal law stands on the dividing line between an excuse and an exculpation. ... Capital punishment, or the death penalty, is the execution of a convicted criminal by the state as punishment for crimes known as capital crimes or capital offences. ... In sociology and biology, infanticide is the practice of intentionally causing the death of an infant of a given species, by members of the same species - often by the mother. ... Fratricide (from the Latin word frater, meaning: brother and cide meaning to kill) is the act of a person killing his or her brother. ... Sororicide is the act of killing ones own sister. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Patricide. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Parricide. ... Mariticide (not to be confused with matricide); from the Latin maritus (married) & cidium (killing), literally means the murder of ones married partner, but has become most associated with the murder of a husband by his wife. ... Matricide is the act of killing ones mother. ... This page is a candidate to be moved to Wiktionary. ... Filicide is the deliberate act of a parent killing his or her own son or daughter. ... The broad definition of regicide is the deliberate killing of a king, or the person responsible for it. ... Look up Genocide in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Democide is a term created by political scientist R.J. Rummel in order to create a broader concept than the legal definition of genocide. ... This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims. ... The United Nations Fund for Population Activities was started in 1969 and renamed the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) in 1987. ...

In societies and cultures where it occurs, honour killing is often regarded as a private matter for the affected family alone; rarely do non-family members or the courts become involved or prosecute the perpetrators. The practice is condemned by human rights supporters for being a double standard and sexist, since males will not be killed for such an "offence"; i.e. if a man rapes a woman, it is the woman who "brings dishonour" to her family and not the rapist. Privacy is the ability of an individual or group to keep their lives and personal affairs out of public view, or to control the flow of information about themselves. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... In the parlance of criminal justice, a suspect is a term used to refer to a person, known or unknown, suspected of committing a crime. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... The sign of the headquarters of the National Association Opposed To Woman Suffrage Sexism is commonly considered to be discrimination and/or hatred against people based on their sex rather than their individual merits, but can also refer to any and all systemic differentiations based on the sex of the...

Definitions

Human Rights Watch defines "honour killings" as follows: Human Rights Watch Banner Human Rights Watch is a United States-based international non-government organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. ...

Honour crimes are acts of violence, usually murder, committed by male family members against female family members, who are perceived to have brought dishonour upon the family. A woman can be targeted by (individuals within) her family for a variety of reasons, including: refusing to enter into an arranged marriage, being the victim of a sexual assault, seeking a divorce — even from an abusive husband — or (allegedly) committing adultery. The mere perception that a woman has behaved in a specific way to "dishonour" her family, is sufficient to trigger an attack. [1] This does not cite its references or sources. ... Sexual assault is any undesired physical contact of a sexual nature perpetrated against another person. ... This article or section may contain external links that promote sites existing primarily to sell goods or services, having objectionable amounts of advertising, or requiring payment to view the relevant content — otherwise known as spam. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Adultery is generally defined as consensual sexual intercourse by a married person with someone other than his or her lawful spouse. ...

For example, honour killings can sometimes target those who choose boyfriends, lovers or spouses outside of their family's ethnic and/or religious community. Some women who adopt the customs (or religion) of an outside group, may also be more likely to be victims. [2] Furthermore, in certain cultures a raped single woman will garner no bride price if she marries, and thus be considered "worthless" to the family. There is some evidence that homosexuality can also be grounds for honour killing by relatives. Several cases have been suspected but not confirmed. There is also a documented case of a gay Jordanian man who was shot (but not fatally) by his brother. [3]

Many hold the practice to be self-contradictory, since an honour killing is sometimes justified by its participants or supporters, as an attempt to uphold the morals of a religion or a code, which at the same time generally forbids killing as morally wrong.

Honour suicides

Honour suicides occur when, in an effort to avoid legal penalties for killing, a woman is ordered or pressured into killing herself. This phenomenon appears to be a relatively recent development. A special envoy for the United Nations named Yakin Erturk, who was sent to Turkey to investigate suspicious suicides amongst Kurdish girls, was quoted by the New York Times as saying that some suicides appeared in Kurdish inhabited regions of Turkey to be "honour killings disguised as a suicide or an accident." [4] [5] The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ... Kurdish may refer to: The Kurdish people The Kurdish language This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

The historic practice of sati, or widow-burning, in parts of India and south Asia can be considered a form of honour suicide in those instances when (at least theoretically) the act is voluntary, with a deceased man's widow immolating herself on his funeral pyre as an act of pious devotion and to preserve her and her family's honour. The justifications for sati, as well as its actual prevalence and acceptance, are subject to much historical and religious debate, however.^[3] Sati may refer to any of the following: The Hindu Goddess Sati, daughter of Daksha and wife of Shiva A social practise in some parts of India in past centuries, often spelt Suttee The Buddhist Sati; see mindfulness. ...

History

Based on suspicion

The killing of people for sexual crimes has been known since the times of Ancient Babylon (1700 BCE). The Codes of Hammurabi and Assyria (some of the earliest sets of laws discovered), focus on the perception that a woman’s virginity belongs to her family. In Peru from 1200 BCE - 1532 CE, alleged adulterers were punished by having their hands and feet tied to a wall and being left to starve to death. A man was allowed to kill his wife if he caught or suspected her of having an extra-marital affair, while a woman who killed her husband under similar circumstances was given the death penalty. Babylon was a city in Mesopotamia, the ruins of which can be found in present-day Babil Province, Iraq, about 50 miles south of Baghdad. ... (18th century BC - 17th century BC - 16th century BC - other centuries) (1690s BC - 1680s BC - 1670s BC - 1660s BC - 1650s BC - 1640s BC - 1630s BC - 1620s BC - 1610s BC - 1600s BC - 1590s BC - other decades) (3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC) Events 1700 - 1500 BC -- Hurrian conquests... An inscription of the Code of Hammurabi The Code of Hammurabi (also known as the Codex Hammurabi and Hammurabis Code), created ca. ... Relief from Assyrian capital of Dur Sharrukin, showing transport of Lebanese cedar (8th c. ... (Redirected from 1200 BCE) Centuries: 14th century BC - 13th century BC - 12th century BC Decades: 1250s BC 1240s BC 1230s BC 1220s BC 1210s BC - 1200s BC - 1190s BC 1180s BC 1170s BC 1160s BC 1150s BC Events and Trends 1204 BC - Theseus, legendary King of Athens is deposed after... Events May 16 - Sir Thomas More resigns as Lord Chancellor of England. ... The Common Era (CE), is the period of measured time beginning with the year 1 on the Gregorian calendar. ...

Individuals within certain Chinese, Japanese and other (South) East Asian cultures, legally sanctioned the killing of unfaithful wives by their husbands to protect family honour. In some (past and present) South Asian and/or Hindu cultures, new wives are at times murdered by their husbands because of failed dowry demands. The killings are sometimes carried out by burning the victims to death through "accidental" kitchen fires. The prior practice i.e. the honour motivated killing of adulterous wives, occurred within (certain) Germanic tribes of Western Europe as well. [6] Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... East Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... Map of South Asia South Asia is a subregion of Asia comprising the modern states of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, . It covers about 4,480,000 km², or 10 percent of the continent, and is also known as the Indian subcontinent. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... A dowry (also known as trousseau) is a gift of money or valuables given by the brides family to the grooms at the time of their marriage. ... The term Germanic tribes (or Teutonic tribes) applies to the ancient Germanic peoples of Europe. ... A common understanding of Western Europe in modern times. ...

In Ancient Roman times, the pater familias, or senior male within a household, retained the right to kill an unmarried but sexually active daughter or an adulterous wife. Even in the United States, until recent times, wife-killings by husbands (especially against adulterous wives - whether or not they were premeditated) were not considered a crime in some jurisdictions. [7] Such practices, to a large extent, have ceased to be endemic in North America, although some immigrants from North Africa and the Near East (for example) have brought the practice with them in recent decades. [8] This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims. ... The pater familias was the eldest or ranking male in a Roman household. ... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ...  Northern Africa (UN subregion)  geographic, including above North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent. ... The Near East is a term commonly used by archaeologists, geographers and historians, less commonly by journalists and commentators, to refer to the region encompassing the Levant (modern Israel, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon), Turkey, Mesopotamia (Iraq and eastern Syria). ...

Based on proof

In the Valley of Mexico from 150 BCE - 1521 CE, the punishment for female adultery was death by stoning or strangulation, but only after the husband could prove the offence. According to interpretations of Leviticus and Deuteronomy, the Halakha (Jewish law) punishes certain sexual misconduct for both men and women, with capital punishment (also through stoning) [9] [10] as approved by a court (or Sanhedrin). The Valley of Mexico is a highlands plateau in central Mexico roughly coterminous with the present-day Distrito Federal and the eastern half of Estado de Mexico. ... (Redirected from 150 BCE) Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 200s BC 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC 160s BC - 150s BC - 140s BC 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC 100s BC Years: 155 BC 154 BC 153 BC 152 BC 151 BC - 150 BC... Events January 3 - Pope Leo X excommunicates Martin Luther in the papal bull Decet Romanum Pontificem. ... The Common Era (CE), is the period of measured time beginning with the year 1 on the Gregorian calendar. ... Stoning or lapidation is a form of capital punishment in which the criminal is put to death by having stones thrown at him or her. ... Leviticus is the third book of the Hebrew Bible, also the third book in the Torah (five books of Moses). ... Deuteronomy is the fifth book of the Hebrew Bible. ... Halakha (Hebrew: הלכה; also transliterated as Halakhah, Halacha, Halakhot and Halachah) is the collective corpus of Jewish religious law, including biblical law (the 613 mitzvot) and later talmudic and rabbinic law as well as customs and traditions. ... Capital punishment, or the death penalty, is the execution of a convicted criminal by the state as punishment for crimes known as capital crimes or capital offences. ... Stoning or lapidation is a form of capital punishment in which the criminal is put to death by having stones thrown at him or her. ... For the tractate in the Mishnah, see Sanhedrin (tractate). ...

Honour killings, generally considered premeditated, are typically held to be distinct from Crimes of passion, which occur throughout the world. Crimes of passion often have special status under the law. For instance, until 1975, the French Penal Code commuted the sentence of a husband who killed his wife after finding her in the act of committing adultery; [11] this law passed into the legal frameworks of the many nations who based their modern legal codes on the Napoleonic Code. Thus, Crimes of passion are different from honour killings, in the sense that they are spontaneous acts that aren't planned. Furthermore, many honour killings (along with some Crimes of passion) are based on sheer suspiscion as opposed to (what appears to be) factual proof, in relation to the idea that an individual has committed or been involved in an "undesirable act", in the mind of the perpetrator(s). [12] A crime of passion, in popular usage, refers to a crime in which the perpetrator commits a crime, specially assault or murder, against a spouse or other loved one due to sudden jealous rage or heartbreak rather than as a premeditated crime. ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... In academic terms, French law can be divided into two areas: private law (droit privé) and public law (droit public). Private law includes, in particular, civil law (droit civil) and criminal law (droit pénal). Public law includes, in particular, administrative law (droit administratif) and constitutional law (droit constitutionnel). However... First page of the 1804 original edition The Napoleonic Code, or Code Napoléon (originally called the Code civil des Français, or civil code of the French), was the French civil code, established at the behest of Napoléon I. It entered into force on March 21, 1804. ...

Locations

As of 2004, honour killings have occurred at the hands of individuals within parts of various countries, such as Albania, Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Germany, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy ^[13], Jordan, Morocco, Pakistan, the Palestinian territories, Sweden, Turkey (amaongst Kurdish citizens of Turkey), Uganda, the United Kingdom and the United States. Honour killings are more common among poor rural communities. In Europe, honour killings have mostly been reported within some Muslim and Sikh communities. Individual Arab Christians living within parts of the Near East, such as sections of Egypt, Jordan and the Palestinian Authority, are said to sometimes carry out the act as well. [14] Many cases of honour killings have been reported in Pakistan. In December 2005, Nazir Afzal, director of Britain's Crown Prosecution Service, stated that the United Kingdom has seen "at least a dozen honour killings" between 2004 and 2005. [15] Critics argue that the practice is over-whelmingly associated with certain Muslim cultures and the peoples influenced by those cultures. [16] 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The West Bank map The Gaza Strip map Palestinian territories is one of a number of terms used to describe, from Arab point of view, areas captured by Israel in the Six-day War of 1967, whose political status has been the subject of negotiations between Israel and the Palestine... Kurdish may refer to: The Kurdish people The Kurdish language This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... World map showing Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is one of the seven continents of the Earth. ... A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Turkish: Müslüman, Persian and Urdu: مسلمان, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of Islam. ... A Sikh (IPA: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ) is an adherent of Sikhism. ... This article is about the religous people known as Christians. ... The Near East is a term commonly used by archaeologists, geographers and historians, less commonly by journalists and commentators, to refer to the region encompassing the Levant (modern Israel, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon), Turkey, Mesopotamia (Iraq and eastern Syria). ... The Crown Prosecution Service, or CPS, is a non-ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom responsible for public prosecutions of people charged with criminal offences in England and Wales. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Honour killing as a cultural practice or religious practice

Sharif Kanaana, professor of anthropology at Birzeit University states that honour killing is: Initiation rite of the Yao people of Malawi Anthropology (from the Greek word , man or person) consists of the study of humanity (see genus Homo). ...

A complicated issue that cuts deep into the history of Arab society... What the men of the family, clan, or tribe seek control of in a patrilineal society is reproductive power. Women for the tribe were considered a factory for making men. The honour killing is not a means to control sexual power or behavior. What's behind it is the issue of fertility, or reproductive power.

An Amnesty International statement adds: The Arabs (Arabic: عرب) are a heterogeneous ethnic group who are predominantly speakers of the Arabic language, mainly found throughout the Middle East and North Africa. ... A family in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso in 1997 A family consists of a domestic group of people (or a number of domestic groups), typically affiliated by birth or marriage, or by analogous or comparable relationships — including domestic partnership, cohabitation, adoption, surname and (in some cases) ownership (as occurred in the... A clan is a group of people united by kinship and descent, which is defined by perceived descent from a common ancestor. ... http://www. ... Patrilineality is a system in which one belongs to ones fathers lineage; it generally involves the inheritance of property, names or titles through the male line as well. ... A factory worker in 1940s Fort Worth, Texas. ... Fertility is the ability of people or animals to produce healthy offspring in abundance. ... Amnesty International symbol Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a non-governmental organization (NGO) comprising a worldwide movement of people who campaign for internationally recognized human rights.[1] Essentially it compares actual practices of human rights with internationally accepted standards and demands compliance where these have not...

The mere perception that a woman has contravened the code of sexual behavior damages honour. The regime of honour is unforgiving: women on whom suspicion has fallen are not given an opportunity to defend themselves, and family members have no socially acceptable alternative but to remove the stain on their honour by attacking the woman. [17]

In countries with Islamic law

Contrary to stereotypical beliefs, honour killing is forbidden in Islam. [18] There is no specific mention of the practice in the Qur'an or Hadiths. An honour killing, in Islamic definitions, refers specifically to extra-legal punishment by the family against the woman, and is technically forbidden by the Sharia (Islamic law). Some Islamic religious authorities and Muslims, disagree with extra-legal punishments such as honour killing and prohibit it, since they consider the practice to be a cultural issue. [19] They believe that since certain pre-Islamic cultures have influence over a number of Muslims, murderers of females use Islam to justify honour killing, even though there is no support for the act in the religion itself. However, honour killings cannot always be punished according to many interpretations of Islamic law, as murders are a type of "qisas" ("retaliation") crime. This means that the deceased's family should be offered the choice of capital punishment or "diya" ("blood money") and no execution can take place without them opting for death. Because a relative(s) is responsible for the honour killing, it is unlikely that the deceased's family will punish one of their own for the crime. [20] The Qurān [1] (Arabic: ‎ , literally the recitation; also called The Noble Quran; also transliterated as Quran, Koran, and Al-Quran), is the central religious text of Islam. ... The Hadith (الحديث, pl. ... Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the Quran, its principal scripture, whose followers, known as Muslims (مسلم), believe God (Arabic: الله ) sent through revelations to Muhammad. ... Sharia ( translit: ) refers to the body of Islamic law. ...

Traditional interpretations of Islamic law (or Sharia) prescribe severe punishments for zina, or extramarital sex, by both men and women. This is not a new practice; it has been around since ancient times and has been practiced by other religions and cultures as well. Premarital sex could be punished by up to 100 lashes, while adultery is punishable by the death penalty i.e. stoning. The act of sexual penetration must, however, be attested by at least four male Muslim witnesses of good character, the accused has a right to testify in court, the suspect's word or testimony is required to hold the most weight in the eyes of the judge(s), punishments are reserved to the legal authorities and the law states that false accusations are to be punished severely. [21] [22] The former regulations also make some Muslims believe (whether or not they regard pre and extramarital sex as sinful), that the process' goal was to eventually abolish the physical penalties relating to acts of fornication and adultery, that were already present within many societies around the world when Islamic teachings first arose. According to this view, the principles are so rigorous in their search for evidence, that they create the near impossibility of being able to reach a verdict that goes against the suspect in any manner. [23] Sharia ( translit: ) refers to the body of Islamic law. ... Zina (زنا) is an Arabic term for extramarital or premarital sex. ... Whipping on a post Flagellation is the act of whipping (Latin flagellum, whip) the human body. ... Adultery is generally defined as consensual sexual intercourse by a married person with someone other than his or her lawful spouse. ... Capital punishment, or the death penalty, is the execution of a convicted criminal by the state as punishment for crimes known as capital crimes or capital offences. ... Stoning or lapidation is a form of capital punishment in which the criminal is put to death by having stones thrown at him or her. ... This article is about witnesses in law courts. ...

The execution of the Saudi Arabian princess Misha'al is an example of an honour killing, in which the execution did not follow any Islamic religious court proceeding, but was ordered directly by her grandfather. Princess Mishaal bint Fahd al Saud (1958-1977) was a Saudi Arabian princess who was a victim of an honor killing, being publicly killed by her own family for adultery in 1977, at the age of 19. ...

Interpretations of these rules vary. Some Arabs regard it as their right under both tradition and Sharia (by the process of urf), though this contradicts the views of many Islamic scholars (fuqaha). Ayatollah Ali Khamenei of Iran has condemned the practice as "un-Islamic", though punishment under Iranian law remains lenient. In certain (Sufi influenced) Muslim regions like Indonesia, which has the largest Muslim population in the world, honour killings are little known, as also in parts of West Africa with majority-Muslim populations and many other Muslim countries. [24] According to Sheikh Atiyyah Saqr, former head of the al-Azhar University Fatwa Committee (one of the oldest and most prestigious in the Muslim world): The Arabs (Arabic: عرب) are a heterogeneous ethnic group who are predominantly speakers of the Arabic language, mainly found throughout the Middle East and North Africa. ... Sharia ( translit: ) refers to the body of Islamic law. ... Urf العرف is an Arabic Islamic term referring to the custom, or knowledge, of a given society, leading to change in the fiqh فقه (Islamic jurisprudence). ... Ayatollah Ali Khamenei Grand Âyatollâh   (Persian: آیت‌الله سید علی حسینی خامنه‌ای) (Also known as : Seyyed Ali Khamenei) born April 18, 1939, is the current Supreme Leader of Iran and was the president of Iran from 1981 to 1989. ... Sufism (Arabic تصوف taṣawwuf) is a system of esoteric philosophy commonly associated with Islam. ...  Western Africa (UN subregion)  Maghreb West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of the African continent. ... Al-Azhar University in Cairo Egypt Al-Azhar University (Arabic: الأزهر الشريف; al-Azhar al-Shareef, the Noble al-Azhar), is connected to the mosque in Cairo named to honor Fatima Az-Zahraa, the daughter of the prophet Muhammad, from whom the Fatimid Dynasty claimed descent. ... A fatwa (Arabic: ‎; plural fatāwa), is a legal pronouncement in Islam made by a mufti, a scholar capable of issuing judgments on Sharia (Islamic law). ...

Like all other religions, Islam strictly prohibits murder and killing without legal justification. Allah, Most High, says, “Whoso slayeth a believer of set purpose, his reward is Hell for ever. Allah is wroth against him and He hath cursed him and prepared for him an awful doom.” (An-Nisa’: 93) The so-called “honour killing” is based on ignorance and disregard of morals and laws, which cannot be abolished except by disciplinary punishments. [25]

This opinion makes a clear distinction between "hudud" crimes, which have specified legal penalty in Islamic law, and "ta`zir" offenses, which can have a discretionary punishment decided by the judge. Honour killings are ta'zir crimes, not hudud ones meaning that any punishment is culturally defined.

Honour killing in national legal codes

According to the report of the Special Rapporteur submitted to the 58th session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights (2002) concerning cultural practices in the family that reflect violence against women (E/CN.4/2002/83): United Nations Commission on Human Rights - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...

The Special Rapporteur indicated that there had been contradictory decisions with regard to the honour defence in Brazil, and that legislative provisions allowing for partial or complete defence in that context could be found in the penal codes of Argentina, Bangladesh, Ecuador, Egypt, Guatemala, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Peru, Syria, Venezuela and the Palestinian National Authority. [26]

Countries where the law can be interpreted to allow men to kill female relatives in a premeditated effort as well as for crimes of passions, in flagrante delicto in the act of committing adultery, include: It has been suggested that Palestinian government of March 2006 be merged into this article or section. ...

• Jordan: Part of article 340 of the Penal Code states that "he who discovers his wife or one of his female relatives committing adultery and kills, wounds, or injures one of them, is exempted from any penalty." [27] This has twice been put forward for cancellation by the government, but was retained by the Lower House of the Parliament. [28]

Countries that allow men to kill female relatives in flagrante delicto (but without premeditation) include: This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ...

• Syria: Article 548 states that "He who catches his wife or one of his ascendants [sic], descendants or sister committing adultery (flagrante delicto) or illegitimate sexual acts with another and he killed or injured one or both of them benefits from an exemption of penalty."

Countries that allow husbands to kill only their wives in flagrante delicto (based upon the Napoleonic code) include: First page of the 1804 original edition The Napoleonic Code, or Code Napoléon (originally called the Code civil des Français, or civil code of the French), was the French civil code, established at the behest of Napoléon I. It entered into force on March 21, 1804. ...

• Morocco: Article 418 of the Penal Code states "Murder, injury and beating are excusable if they are committed by a husband on his wife as well as the accomplice at the moment in which he surprises them in the act of adultery."

• Haiti: Article 269 of the Penal Code states that "in the case of adultery as provided for in Article 284, the murder by a husband of his wife and/or her partner, immediately upon discovering them in flagrante delicto in the conjugal abode, is to be pardoned."

• Turkey: In Turkey, persons found guilty of this crime are sentenced to life in prison. [29]

• In two Latin American countries, similar laws were struck down over the past two decades: according to human rights lawyer Julie Mertus "in Brazil, until 1991 wife killings were considered to be noncriminal 'honour killings'; in just one year, nearly eight hundred husbands killed their wives. Similarly, in Colombia, until 1980, a husband legally could kill his wife for committing adultery." [30]

Countries where honour killing is not legal but is frequently in practice include: Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Pakistan: Honour killings are known as Karo Kari (Urdu: کاروکاری ). The practice is supposed to be prosecuted under ordinary murder, but in practice police and prosecutors often ignore it. [31] Often a man must simply claim the killing was for his honour and he will go free. Nilofer Bakhtiar, advisor to Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz, stated that in 2003, as many as 1,261 women were murdered in honour killings. [32] On December 08, 2004, under international and domestic pressure, Pakistan enacted a law that made honour killings punishable by a prison term of seven years, or by the death penalty in the most extreme cases. Women's rights organizations were, however, wary of this law as it stops short of outlawing the practice of allowing killers to buy their freedom by paying compensation to the victim's relatives. Women's rights groups claimed that in most cases it is the victim's immediate relatives who are the killers, so inherently the new law is just eyewash. It did not alter the provisions whereby the accused could negotiate pardon with the victim's family under the so-called Islamic provisions. In March 2005 the Pakistani government allied with Islamists to reject a bill which sought to strengthen the law against the practice of "honour killing". The parliament rejected the bill by a majority vote, declaring it to be un-Islamic. [33] However, the bill was brought up again, and in November 2006, it passed. [34]

This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Nilofer Bakhtiar is a public official in Pakistan. ... The Prime Minister of Pakistan (Wazir-e- Azam in Urdu)is the Head of Government of Pakistan. ... Shaukat Aziz (Urdu: شوکت عزیز), born March 6, 1949 in Karachi, Pakistan is the current Prime Minister and Finance Minister of Pakistan. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... December 8 is the 342nd day (343rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... March is the third month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Islamism is a political ideology derived from the conservative religious views of Muslim fundamentalism. ... Look up November in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Notes

1. ^ Men murdered six-year-old girl in honour killing arson attack -- UK Telegraph, September 9, 2006
2. ^ Five people including a teenage couple who married against their families' will have been killed by relatives in the latest incident of so-called honour killing in Pakistan -- Sydney Morning Herald, August 24, 2006
3. ^ Lata Mani, Contentious Traditions: The Debate on Sati in Colonial India(Berkeley & Los Angeles, 1998)

1. ↑  The defence of non-premeditated killing of a wife caught in adultery in Italy was legally abolished in 1981 (Legge 442/81)

See also

• Acid attack
• Blood money
• Crime of passion
• Extramarital sex
• Female genital mutilation
• Femicide
• Feud
• Kanun
• Machismo
• The role of women under Sharia
• Vani (custom)
• Vitriolage
• Watta satta

Acid attacks are a violent phenomenon that occur primarily in South Asian societies, such as India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, and are almost always perpetrated by males against females. ... Blood money is money paid as a fine to the next of kin of somebody who was killed intentionally. ... A crime of passion, in popular usage, refers to a crime in which the perpetrator commits a crime, specially assault or murder, against a spouse or other loved one due to sudden jealous rage or heartbreak rather than as a premeditated crime. ... It has been suggested that premarital sex be merged into this article or section. ... Female circumcision (including excision) loosely refers to a number of procedures performed on the female genitalia and which are generally of a cultural, rather than medical, nature. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... A feud is a long-running argument or fight between parties—often groups of people, especially families or clans. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Kanuni i Lekë Dukagjinit. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Sharia ( translit: ) refers to the body of Islamic law. ... Vani (Urdu: ونی) is a child marriage custom in tribal areas of Pakistan. ... Vitriolage is the deliberate splashing of a person or object with acid, also known as vitriol, in order to deface or kill. ... Watta satta (Urdu: وٹہ سٹہ) is a tribal custom in Pakistan of exchange of brides between two clans. ...

References and further reading

• "Jordan Parliament Supports Impunity for Honour Killing," Washington, DC: Human Rights Watch Press Release, January 2000
• Burned Alive: A Victim of the Law of Men Alleged first-person account of a victim of an attempted honour killing (ISBN 0-446-53346-7) The work is based on a repressed memory report and its authenticity has been questioned. [35]

Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United... Human Rights Watch Banner Human Rights Watch is a United States-based international non-government organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. ... A news release or press release is a written or recorded communication directed at members of the news media for the purpose of announcing something claimed as having news value. ... This article is about the year 2000. ... A repressed memory, according to some theories of psychology, is a memory (often traumatic) of an event or environment which is stored by the unconscious mind but outside the awareness of the conscious mind. ...

External links

Included in article

• Articles and Opinions: American Muslims need to speak out against violations of Islamic Shariah law {Asma Society}
• Case Study: "Honour" Killings and Blood Feuds (Gendercide.org)
• Commodifying Honour in Female Sexuality: Honour Killings in Palestine — Suzanne Ruggi (Middle East Report)
• For Shame: A Special Report - Arab Honour's Price: A Woman's Blood
• Honour Crimes in Pakistan
• 'Honour' Crimes Project - including a thorough bibliography (School of Oriental and African Studies)
• International Campaign Against Honour Killings
• Islamic Awareness - Honour Killings
• Islamic ruling on "Honour killings" — Mohammed Fadel PhD, JD
• Killing for Honour: Legalized Murder (Amnesty International USA)
• Reputation is Everything: Honour Killing among the Palestinians - World and I magazine, March 2003
• Social Determinants of Attitudes Towards Women's Premarital Sexuality Among Female Turkish University Students
• The Biological Roots of Heat-of-Passion Crimes and Honour Killings
• The Elements of Sufism
• The Feminist Sexual Ethics Project - Honour Killings, Illicit Sex and Islamic Law
• Thou Shalt Not Commit Adultery - Texts from the King James Version of the Bible
• Translations of the Qur'an, Chapter 24: Verses 1-26 - USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts
• Truth, History, and Honour Killing — Thérèse Taylor (Antiwar.com)
• UN report from the fifty-eighth session of the UN Commission on Human Rights (2002) PDF
• United Nation High Commissioner for Human Rights (April 2000)
• Violence Against Women Campaign United Nations Development Fund for Women
• 'Virgin suicides' save Turks' 'honour' (IHT)
• Women in Islam: Veiled Oppression or Stigmatized Misconception - Zina and Rape (BBC News)

The School of Oriental and African Studies (commonly abbreviated to SOAS) is a College of the University of London. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The International Herald Tribune (www. ...

Not included in article

• BBC - Ethics: Crimes of 'Honour'
• Boyfriend was stabbed 46 times in 'honour killing', court told (The Times)
• [htt p://www.pchrgaza.org Palestinian Centre for Human Rights]
  • A Young Man a Victim of an Honour-Killing in Gaza City 13-04-2006
  • Two Young Women Killed in Nuseirat Refugee Camp in "Honour Killings" 15-08-2006
  • Young Woman Killed in Rafah in an “Honour Killing” 03-07-2006