The Hoo Peninsula is a peninsula in England separating the estuaries of the rivers Thames and Medway. It is dominated by a line of sand and clay hills surrounded by an extensive area of marshland composed of alluvial silt; the name Hoo is the Old English word for high. A peninsula is a geographical formation consisting of an extension of land from a larger body, surrounded by water on three sides. ... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area  - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 1st UK 49,138,831 377/km² Ethnicity... Several places exist with the name Thames, and the word is also used as part of several brand and company names Most famous is the River Thames in England, on which the city of London stands Other Thames Rivers There is a Thames River in Canada There is a Thames... The Medway Towns have developed into an area of urban sprawl, situated near an environmentally significant wetlands region, and formed by the union of Chatham, Gillingham and Rochester in Kent, England. ... Note: This page contains phonetic information presented in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) using Unicode. ...

History

The Romans have been credited with the first two attempts at building a sea wall. The subsequent draining of the marshes had a two-fold benefit in that pastureland was created which supported sheep; and the indigent malaria bearing mosquito was deprived of their breeding grounds.

The area is rich in archaeology. Bronze Age implements and Jutish cemeteries have been found on the peninsula, and Roman pottery at Cooling. It was once the point of departure across the ancient Saxon fording point over the River Thames to Essex. Length 346 km Elevation of the source 110 m Average discharge entering Oxford: 17. ... Essex is a county in the East of England. ...

Much of the peninsula lies in one of the Saxon divisions of England called 'hundreds': here it is the 'Hundred of Hoo'. In the interests of accuracy, the Hundred comprised the parishes and churches of Hoo St Werburgh, High Halstow, St Mary's Hoo, Allhallows and part of Stoke. The Isle of Grain, then a complete island, was in the Hundred of Gillingham; the remainder of the parish of Stoke was in the Hundred of Shamel. (Notes from The Hundred of Hoo (Ralph Arnold, Constable 1947)) The Saxons were a large and powerful Germanic people located in what is now northwestern Germany and a small section of the eastern Netherlands. ... A hundred is an administrative division, frequently used in Europe and the West, which historically was used to divide a larger region into smaller geographical units. ... The Isle of Grain, (OE Greon meaning gravel) is in north Kent, England at the eastern end of the Hoo peninsula. ... This page is about Stoke-on-Trent in England. ...

William the Conqueror granted his half-brother, Odo, the large estate of Hoo. William I ( 1027 – September 9, 1087), was King of England from 1066 to 1087. ...

Geography

The marshlands

The marshlands are now part of two protected areas of land: the Thames Estuary and Marshlands and the Medway Estuary and Marshes. The Thames Estuary area covers the 15 miles (24 km) from Gravesend to the Isle of Grain; the Medway area 15 miles (24 km) from Rochester to the Isle of Grain: a total of 38 square miles (98 km²) of marshlands.Both are considered as Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and Special Protected Areas (SPA). They include coastal grazing marsh, intertidal mudflats, saltmarsh and lagoons. On the line of hills lies the [Northwood Hill] National Nature Reserve. Gravesend is a town in North-West Kent, England, on the south bank of the Thames, opposite Tilbury in Essex. ... The Isle of Grain, (OE Greon meaning gravel) is in north Kent, England at the eastern end of the Hoo peninsula. ... A Site of Special Scientific Interest or SSSI is a conservation designation denoting a protected area in the United Kingdom. ...

The Thames and Medway Canal

The Rivers Thames and Medway were once joined by the eight-mile long Thames & Medway Canal, the construction of which was begun in 1805. With basins providing ports and access to the two rivers at Gravesend and Strood, the canal passed through a two-mile Higham tunnel, broken in the centre by a shaft to allow boats to pass. Construction was difficult and expensive and it was not completed until 1824. The route became part of the railway linking Higham with Strood. The line of this old now silted canal can be considered a convenient boundary marking the landward edge of the peninsula. The Thames and Medway Canal is a now-disused canal in the south east of England, in Kent. ... 1805 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Location within the British Isles. ... Higham is a village in the metropolitan borough of Barnsley in South Yorkshire, England. ... 1824 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

The section of the canal from Gravesend to the Highham tunnel is now in the hands of the Thames & Medway Canal Association, whose website contains a more complete history, including a map. See http://homepage.ntlworld.com/john.epton/tmca/

Tunnel closure: Engineers and surveyors both governmental and private undertook a consultation and subsequent construction of the recently introduced Medway Towns bypass, which drove a link route directly over the old tunnel, consequently causing geological instability. New housing built along the line of that route has further impacted on its stability. As a result, the tunnel was closed to trains for the duration of the year 2004.

Roads

The only main road is the A228, which crosses the old Roman 'London Road' (Watling Street) (A2) at Strood and then follows the high land eastwards to Grain. Within the Peninsula this road as named the "Ratcliffe Highway". Leaving the Medway Towns Northern Bypass at the bottom of Four Elms hill, it climbs to Chattenden, bypassing Hoo St Werburgh and High Halstow, before crossing to the Isle of Grain. A secondary road (B2000) goes north to Cliffe-at-Hoo, on the edge of the northern marshes. Principal sites in Roman Britain Roman Britain is the term applied to the historical period when Britain was under Roman rule, usually considered AD 44 to 410. ... St Stevens Tower - The Clock Tower of the Palace of Westminster which contains Big Ben London (see also different names) is the capital city of the United Kingdom and of England. ... Watling Street was a Roman road which went from Dover on the southeast coast of England and is generally believed to have terminated at Viroconium (now Wroxeter in Shropshire). ... Hoo St Werburgh is one of several villages on the Hoo Peninsula to bear the name Hoo. ... Originally Hagelstowe, Hagelsto or Agelstow, the Parish of High Halstow on the Hoo_Peninsula in north Kent, England was named from the Saxon word denoting holy place. ... Cliffe-at-Hoo is a village on the Hoo peninsula in Kent, England, reached from the Medway Towns by a three-mile journey along the B2000. ...

This secondary road is much used by heavy transport serving the farms and the factory at Cliffe-at-Hoo. It passes through Cliffe Woods, to Cliffe-at-Hoo, where it becomes first Station Road, from the location of the now vanished station of the Hundred of Hoo Railway, and finally enters Church Street, which eventually leads onto the marshes themselves. Cliffe-at-Hoo is a village on the Hoo peninsula in Kent, England, reached from the Medway Towns by a three-mile journey along the B2000. ... Cliffe-at-Hoo is a village on the Hoo peninsula in Kent, England, reached from the Medway Towns by a three-mile journey along the B2000. ...

The main road is extensively rural in nature but several interesting old buildings can be seen along its route. There remain a Grade II-listed red brick farmhouse dating from the 17th century and its barn, 25 yards (25 m) south of the farmhouse, and a Grade II building but timber-framed and weatherboarded. Another Grade II-listed farmhouse is Fenn Street Farmhouse, timber-framed and medieval in origin, with parts dated to the 15th century. Its age may be judged by the fact that in 1760 the building was refaced.

The other principal route on the peninsula, the B2000, heads north by way of Cliffe-at-Hoo. This is a winding country road, much used by industrial transport serving the larger farms including Mockbeggar Farm. The B2003 passes through Cliffe Woods, to Cliffe, where it becomes first Station Road, from the location of the now vanished station of the Hundred of Hoo railway, and finally enters Church Street, which leads onto the marshes themselves.

There are numerous other minor roads, all on the higher land. Some trackways eventually reach the sea walls.

The Hundred of Hoo Railway

In 1878, Henry Pye with a deputation of other local farmers met the South Eastern Railway Company with a request for a new railway to be built in the area. From this meeting a new company was established, the Hundred of Hoo Railway Company. The SER saw it as part of the development of continental traffic, and the ferry terminal at what was named Port Victoria was built as terminus of the line. The traffic did not materialise and that section of the line and the line beyond Grain closed in 1951. The London and Greenwich Railway (LGR), together with the Canterbury and Whitstable Railway (CWR) in East Kent were the earliest railways to serve the then county of Kent: eventually both became parts of the South Eastern Railway (SER). ...

The first part of the line to be opened was in March 1882, from Cliffe to Sharnal Street. This was later extended east to the Isle of Grain. Sharnal Street was the larger of the two original stations and was provided with good sidings, where the local farmers were able to load their produce to be transported directly to the London markets. It was also at Sharnal Street that telegram and mail collections were effected.

On 14 May 1932 a branch railway was opened to the Thames estuary beyond the ancient village of Allhallows. It was intended to become a riverside resort of some size, and grandiose plans were formed. The new area was given the name of Allhallows-on-Sea. Little came of the scheme, and today all signs of that branch have disappeared, save for the water tower which supplied locomotives at the terminus -it is now a listed building. There is a holiday village on the site where the resort was intended to be.

Villages on the Hundred of Hoo

Hoo St Werburgh

Named after a Saxon princess born between 640-50 ad, the niece of Ethelrede, who succeeded her father as king of Mercia. The Saxons were a large and powerful Germanic people located in what is now northwestern Germany and a small section of the eastern Netherlands. ... Mercia, sometimes spelled Mierce, was one of the kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxon heptarchy, in what is now England, in the region of the Midlands, with its heart in the valley of the River Trent and its tributary streams. ...

The first church built at Hoo dates from about 741, built by Ethlbald, a cousin of Werburgh, although a nunnery existed nearby at an earlier time. A feature found in the church considered to be unique is found in the existence of two coats of royal arms belonging to James I (1603) and the arms of Elizabeth I, both recently restored and placed on view in the church. The parish records of 1851 give the population as 1,065. Werburgh (also known as Werburga) (d. ... James VI of Scotland and I of England (Charles James) (19 June 1566–27 March 1625) was a King who ruled over England, Scotland and Ireland, and was the first Sovereign to reign in the three realms simultaneously. ... Elizabeth I Queen of England and Ireland Queen of France, nominal title Elizabeth I (September 7, 1533–March 24, 1603) was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from November 17, 1558 until her death. ...

A workhouse was in use here until the 1930s, and the secondary school bears the name Hundred of Hoo School.

Broad Street appeared as Brodestrete in 1478 (Place Names of Kent: J Glover) merely indicating a wide street then existed here. Also Jacobs Lane, named after the family of Stephen Jacobe of Hoo (1480).

High Halstow

See: High-Halstow. Originally Hagelstowe, Hagelsto or Agelstow, the Parish of High Halstow on the Hoo_Peninsula in north Kent, England was named from the Saxon word denoting holy place. ...

High Halstow, 50 metres above sea level, is one of the highest points on the Hoo peninsula. It formed around junctions in the ancient roads from Hoo and Cliffe to the Isle of Grain.

To the north of the village lies Northwood Hill, protected by the RSPB, an internationally significant nature reserve with Britain's largest heronry (160 pairs), also supporting little egrets, avocets and marsh harriers. Northwood hill, or Northward ward, was once known locally as 'the Norrards'. Beyond on the marsh is a disused experimental radar station, now part of the RSPB reserve. The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) is Europes largest wildlife conservation charity. ...

A heronry has been in the woods from at least 1947, when it was mentioned in a book on the Hundred of Hoo by Mr Ralph Arnold. This site was scheduled for demolition under government proposals for an international London airport. (See Thames Gateway). The Thames Gateway is an area of land stretching from East London, 40 miles eastwards towards the estuary of the Thames, including parts of North Kent and South Essex, which has been identified as a national priority for urban regeneration. ...

High Halstow has become generally a farming area, but some of its residents gained employment outside the village, at the Royal Navy Armament Depot at Lodge Hill, Chattenden, and the Medway Oil and Storage Co at Grain. Chatham Dockyard and the Short Brothers seaplane works at Rochester were traditional employers for the whole area until they shut many years ago. Chatham Dockyard, located on the River Medway in Kent, England, came into existence at the time when, following the Reformation, relations with the Catholic countries of Europe had worsened, and thus requiring added defences. ... Short Brothers, almost universally referred to simply as Shorts, is a British aerospace company currently located in Belfast. ... Map sources for Rochester at grid reference TQ725695 Rochester is a small, historic town in Kent, at the lowest bridging point of the River Medway about 30 miles (50 km) from London. ...

Buck Hole Farmhouse is next to Northward Hill RSPB reserve, and another Grade II-listed farmhouse dates from the early 18th century.

Cliffe

The 'living' at Cliffe in the 17th century was described as 'one of the prizes of the church'.

Alfred Francis (second son of Charles), with his son established the firm of Francis and Co. Establishing the Nine Elms office at Vauxhall, London the firm built the cement works at Cliffe from about 1868. Alfred Francis died in 1871, but in partnership his son continued to produce 'Portland, Roman, Medina, and Parian cement, Portland stucco and Plaster of Paris', also shipping chalk, flints and fire bricks, from the site.

The Grade II-listed barn at Rye Farm, in Common Lane, Cliffe dates from the 1570s. It is described as a 16th-century Grade II barn "with archaic details." Beneath its present asbestos roof is a timber framed three bay barn with weatherboarded walls and a traditional hipped roof. It includes an ancient wagon porch.

See: Cliffe-at-Hoo. Cliffe-at-Hoo is a village on the Hoo peninsula in Kent, England, reached from the Medway Towns by a three-mile journey along the B2000. ...

Cliffe Woods

Cliffe Woods was once just a small hamlet and is geographically situated next to Higham. The old woods rise to meet Chattenden and the Ratcliffe highway, just before Hoo, and still retains much of its rural character, but has of late been built upon. The modern estate now situated just back from the B2000 was built on a clay subsoil, and many of the houses had to be underpinned after having been sold, because they were noticed to have moved slightly, built on a hillside.

A petrol filling station was one of the few village shops here as early as 1925, and was rebuilt in the 1960s. Even then some of the properties in the woods did not have their own water supply, and had to visit the garage to collect their water. b2000

Cooling

Cooling part of the parish of Stoke, both in the Hundred of Sharnel, is the location of an ancient castle built to defend the port of Cliffe. The village church of St James has long been classified 'redundant', and is therefore no longer used for worship, but is maintained by the Church Commission. In the churchyard are the group of children's gravestones which prompted [Charles Dickens] to write the opening of the novel (later made into a film)of Great Expectations. The Church Commission, formally known as the Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, so called for its chairman, United States Senator Frank Church, investigated claims of Central Intelligence Agency involvement in assassination plots against foreign leaders and the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. ... Great Expectations is a Bildungsroman (a novel tracing the life of the protagonist) by Sam and first serialized in All the Year Round from December 1860 to August 1861. ...

The remote and isolated hamlet has been described as 'the capital of English Lollardry' because of its association with sir John Oldcastle. Sir John de Cobham died at Cooling 1408. Sir John Oldcastle (d. ...

Sir John de Cobham, third Baron Cobham inherited an 700 acre (2.8 km²) estate at Cobham from his father Henry in 1335, originally acquired by the de Cobhams in 1241. John lord Cobham later built the castle in 1381, as he was in charge of the defence of Kent but a successful raid by the Spanish and French up to Gravesend spurred the king to realize the defence was needed. For in 1379 French vessels appeared in the Thames, with a body of French and Spanish soldiers who 'ravaged all this part of Kent', so that every town and village near the river fell to them. There are several towns and villages called Cobham, mostly in England. ...

The castle described as 'startling white-stone, drum-towered gatehouse and moated ruins of Cooling Castle' (Arnold), is now not much more than a ruin but has too excellent and well proportioned towers and entrance built by Thomas Crump of Maidstone. Maidstone is the county town of Kent, in southeast England, about 30 miles from London. ...

Constructed by the stonemason Henry Yeverle, who also worked extensively on the Palace of Westminster and the Tower of London. 1381, the castle began to take shape, obtaining license from king Richard to 'crenellate and fortify it'.

The name of Brooke was derived from sir Thomas Brooke who was wed to the daughter, and only surviving child of the lady Joan de Cobham, by sir Reginald Braybrooke. It was Braybrooke who bequeathed Cooling castle into the de Cobham estate, although that family maintained Cobham hall even then as its main residence.

Nevertheless Cooling castle was stormed by Sir Thomas Wyatt in 1554 during the Kentish uprising against queen Mary and after the failure of lord John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland to install lady Jane Grey on the throne. Thomas Wyatt the younger (1521-11 April 1554) was a rebel leader during the reign of Queen Mary I of England. ... Mary I (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558) was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 6 July 1553 (de jure) or 19 July 1553 (de facto) until her death. ... John Dudley (1501-August 22/August 23, 1553) was a Tudor nobleman and politician, executed for high treason by Queen Mary I of England. ... Image long believed to be that of Lady Jane Grey, Queen for Nine Days, now thought by art historians to be Catherine Parr, 6th wife of Henry VIII. Lady Jane Grey (October 12?, 1537–February 12, 1554), was a great granddaughter of Henry VII of England, and was proclaimed Queen...

That Sir Thomas Wyatt stormed Cooling Castle so easily may be explained by the interesting detail that the same was a nephew of Lord Cobham. Sir Thomas Wyatt was the son of Elizabeth Brooke, Cobham's sister, so his complicity with Dudley and Grey was 'a natural expression of his intimate love of England'. Wyatt held large estates in the Hundred of Hoo apart from those of his uncle, Lord Brooke of Cobham. His home was at Allington Castle on the River Medway.

It was George, Lord Cobham, in the year following his release from the Tower of London, who was instructed to entertain Cardinal Pole during the papal legate's visit to England during a formal reconciliation with Rome. This entertainment is recorded as having taken place at Cooling Castle, in about 1555, and is the last known reference to the Cobham family using the castle as a home. It had formally been somewhat damaged by the Duke of Norfolk's cannon in the attempt to force Wyatt's surrender during that uprising against Mary I. The Tower of London, seen from the river, with a view of the water gate called Traitors Gate. ... City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus – SPQR (The Senate and the People of Rome) Founded 21 April 753 BC mythical, 1st millennium BC Region Latium Mayor Walter Veltroni (Democratici di Sinistra) Area  - City Proper  1290 km² Population  - City (2004)  - Metropolitan  - Density (city proper) 2,546,807 almost 4,000,000 1...

During the 1990s the property was owned by the Rochester bridge wardens, but is now a private retreat of Jules Holland.

St Mary Hoo.

The first appearance of the name is in 1240.

St Mary's Church at St Mary Hoo was the parish church and gave its name to the village, and although it remains a grade II building, dating from the 14th century it has been reconstructed as a private house. Formally rebuilt in about 1881 of local ragstone, it has an un restored 15th century south west window that is noteworthy.

Newlands Farmhouse Nearby along the ridge track to Northward Hill is a Grade II farmhouse which was built in 1746.

The Old Rectory at St Mary Hoo is a grade II house built in the late 1700s. It has a special place in scandals involving the royalty. The rectors from 1788 to 1875 were a father and son, both named R. Burt. The senior of the two, the Rev. Robert Burt, performed the illegal marriage ceremony between George IV and Mrs Fitzherbert in 1785. A plaque commemorating this event remains hidden in the old church of St Mary.

St Mary's Hall, also at St Mary Hoo, is a house built in the 1600s, but which was added to in 1830. It was the home of the Victorian farm innovator, Henry Pye, between 1845 and 1909.

Stoke

Stoke is divided into Upper Stoke and Lower Stoke.

Hoo St-Mary

Stoke Church

As Upper Stoke. ... As Upper Stoke. ... Private residence, photo from the No airport at Cliffe archive of Aubi Faedra File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Private residence, photo from the No airport at Cliffe archive of Aubi Faedra File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

The Rose and Crown pub in Stoke Road is another Grade II building. It started life as a Georgian house in the late 18th century but has 20th century additions and alterations.

In the late 20th century the Ramsgate Flat Earth Society held council at Stoke and formed the North Kent Parochial Anarchists. This was announced on the parish and village notice board, opposite what now represents the village centre, and by public proclamation on the village green in 1984.

There was a large airship base nearby at Kingsnorth from whence patrols went out covering the North Sea during World War I. It now lies beneath Kingsnorth Power Station.

Hoo All Hallows

Allhallows-on-Sea

. Allhallows-on-Sea sunset view of the Thames looking toward Southend This work is copyrighted. ... Allhallows-on-Sea sunset view of the Thames looking toward Southend This work is copyrighted. ...

In the year of 1285 the village was known as Ho All Hallows, the ‘Ho’ indicating a spur of land and in this case now commonly known as the Hoo peninsula, at the confluence of the Thames and River Medway estuaries. grid reference TQ844783. This article needs cleanup. ... Several places exist with the name Thames, and the word is also used as part of several brand and company names Most famous is the River Thames in England, on which the city of London stands Other Thames Rivers There is a Thames River in Canada There is a Thames... The River Medway in England flows for 112 km from Turners Hill, in West Sussex, through Tonbridge, Maidstone and Rochester in Kent, to the River Thames at Sheerness. ... The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using latitude or longitude. ...

The parish is bounded on the north side by the River Thames, the northern most part of mainland Kent, and in the east by the now much reduced Yantlet creek, once part of a navigable and fortified trade route used from Roman times. Length 346 km Elevation of the source 110 m Average discharge entering Oxford: 17. ...

The parish church of All Saints' dates from the 12th century. It is the only grade I listed building on the Hoo peninsula and has recently been at risk of destruction, as a notice posted in the church announced: PREVIOUSLY SCHEDULED FOR DEMOLITION UNDER PROPOSALS FOR A LONDON ORBITAL INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT. (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ... This article needs cleanup. ...

The church is built of flint and stone, and has a lead roof, west tower, nave with north and south porch, and chancel. The oldest part is the west end of the nave and arcade. The north arcade dates from the early 13th century, while the chancel arch is 14th century, parts of the nave date from the Wars of the Roses. Parish registers date from 1629. (13th century - 14th century - 15th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 14th century was that century which lasted from 1301 to 1400. ... The Wars of the Roses (1455–1487) is the name generally given to the intermittent civil war fought over the throne of England between adherents of the House of Lancaster and the House of York. ...

The Saxon shore way passes close by these old boundaries indicating silting over many centuries.

Avery farm was in Saxon times on the tip of a promontory which was an island in it own right belonging to the Saxon Heahburh, it is thought she may have been an Abbess, given that the farmlands that was then her property were part of the lands granted to the monastery at Peterborough by Caedwalla in the 7th century (Place Names of Kent: J Glover). A branch of the Pympe family lived on an estate with a mansion known as Allhallows House.

The 1841 population of Allhallows was recorded as 268 persons.

The modern holiday village of Allhallows-on-Sealies to the north of the ancient village. Allhallows-on-Sea is a modern holiday village on the River Thames north of the ancient village of Hoo All Hallows. ...

Grain

Grain village, situated on the eastern extremity of the Hoo peninsula, on the Isle of Grain which, when the Yantlet Creek cut it off, was a small island (see also Isle of Sheppey and Isle of Thanet). The Isle of Grain, (OE Greon meaning gravel) is in north Kent, England at the eastern end of the Hoo peninsula. ... Map sources for Isle of Sheppey at grid reference TQ9670 The Isle of Sheppey is a small (36 square miles, 94 km²) island off the northern coast of Kent in the Thames Estuary, some 25 miles (40km) to the east of central London. ... William Cobbett in 1827 when he rode to the Island The Isle of Thanet is an area of northeast Kent, England. ...

From about 1912 a seaplane station was positioned at Grain by the Admiralty. From the beginning of Wrld War I regular patrols were made along the Thames estuary from this station, as part of English channel defences. Port Victoria was established in 1914 as an RN (Royal Navy) air plane repair depot, adjacent to the station. Activities at these bases declined after 1918, until in 1924 defence cuts saw their closure. See also under Stoke: large airship base. The English Channel ( French:La Manche) is the part of the Atlantic Ocean that separates the island of Great Britain from northern France, and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. ... The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the senior service of the armed services, being the oldest of its three branches. ... This page is about Stoke-on-Trent in England. ...

The area is now largely occupied by the Isle of Grain coal and oil reserve power station, the construction of which was begun in 1948 with a completion and start up date scheduled for 1952, but the site was flooded in its first week when the sea wall was breached. A state-of-the-art gas import depot has of late secured a station at the site. Coal is a fossil fuel extracted from the ground either by underground mining, open-pit mining or strip mining. ... Oil is a generic term for organic liquids that are not miscible with water. ... Oil power plant in Iraq A power station (also power plant) is a facility for the generation of electric power. ...

Tunnel segments for the Channel Tunnel were constructed at Grain.