Hopper is a proposed European Space Agency orbital craft. The current flight test body in this programme is the EADS Phoenix. The European Space Agency (ESA), established in 1975, is an inter-governmental organisation dedicated to exploration of space with currently 16 member states. ... Picture from first free flight in Vidsel, May 8, 2004 Phoenix is the prototype of Hopper, a proposed unmanned European reusable launch vehicle. ...
Hopper is designed to be more economical than today's space vehicles and even reliable for manned space operations. In the first few decades of the 21st century, it will be the first independent manned European non-military attempt at space operations and will be an important part of the ISS project. It is anticipated that the production craft will enter use between 2015 and 2020. Hopper is to be launched on a 4 km magnetic track which will accelerate it to launch speed, providing far cheaper access to space than the current Ariane 5 launcher. ISS Statistics Crew: 2 As of June 17, 2005 Perigee: 347. ... 2015 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2020 is a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... Ariane 5 liftoff from Kourou Ariane 5 is an expendable launch system, designed and manufactured under the authority of the European Space Agency (ESA) by EADS SPACE Transportation, the Prime Contractor, leading a consortium of many sub-contractors, and is operated and marketed by Arianespace as part of the Ariane...
Hopper replaces the cancelled European Space Shuttle Hermes. Artists impression of the Hermes Shuttle A cutaway view of the Hermes Shuttle Hermes was a proposed mini-shuttle designed by the European Space Agency that externally had a lot of similiarities with the US X-20. ...
Hopper is designed to be more economical than today's space vehicles and even reliable for manned space operations.
In the first few decades of the 21st century, it will be the first independent manned European non-military attempt at space operations and will be an important part of the ISS project.
Hopper is to be launched on a 4 km magnetic track which will accelerate it to launch speed, providing far cheaper access to space than the current Ariane 5 launcher.
Phobos 1 and its companion spacecraft Phobos 2 were a new spacecraft design, succeeding the type used in the Venera planetary missions of 1975-1985, including the last used during the Vega 1 and Vega 2 missions to comet Halley.
The failure of controllers to regain contact with the spacecraft was traced to an error in the software uploaded on 29 August/30 August, which had deactivated the attitude thrusters.
Shortly before the final phase of the mission, during which the spacecraft was to approach within 50 m of Phobos' surface and release two landers, one a mobile 'hopper', the other a stationary platform, contact with Phobos 2 was lost.
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